上海高考英语选词填空(小猫钓鱼)常见兼类词总结
上海市高考英语专题冲刺-十一选十 解题策略与练习巩固
上上上2020届上上上上上上上上上四上—— 十一选十（小猫钓鱼）一、题型特征及考点十一选十只考察四类实词，即：名词、动词、形容词、副词。
做题看所给词汇时，我们要么在内心谨记题目中所给的十一个词中每个词的多种词性和意思，只可惜有时候你可能会很难做到这一点，所以还是老老实实花个一两分钟左右仔细看清每一个单词，记住都有谁，并在每个单词旁边按注其含有的词性及诸如现在分词、过去分词、动名词以及各种分词式的形容词这类非词性方面的语法层次的特征(只出现在分词中)。
这样接下来在面对某一个空格时，只要根据上下文的语法结构或逻辑关系不再是从10个词中去选1个答案了，可以是4选1甚至2选1，从而缩小了选择的范围，提高做题的准确率。
1、选词填空的特点1) 文章长度一般350字左右；2) 第一句是主题句，一般均不设空（各种题型第一句话几乎均不设空）；3) 每隔15－30个词有一个空，共10空；4) 方框中词汇兼顾一词多性、一词多义、派生【即前缀、后缀】、合成词、引申义等方面综合考察；5) 文章略低于完形填空、阅读理解C篇的难度。
2、选词填空的考点1)词汇方面：考察4类实词，即：名词、动词、形容词、副词；2) 语法方面：考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析的能力；3) 逻辑方面：考察上下文逻辑分析及语篇分析的能力。
3、需要注意的五个要点：(1) 词性判断(2) 常用搭配(3) 内在逻辑(4) 感情色彩(5) 语法常识二、解题步骤第一步：通读全文通读全文是用较快速度，一行一行地读，目的是把握至少90% 的内容。
选词填空的选项词义互不关联，词性也不同，而且还有干扰项，一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。
务必先沉着地把文章读一遍，尤其注意横线前后的位置，为寻找正确选项打下铺垫。
提醒：通读就是根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓出文章的主题。
判定文章主题对于篇章的整体把握具有很大的积极意义。
第二步：整理选项classify the options我们应该根据词性把选项中的每个单词进行分类归纳标，标出它们的词性。
上海高考英语翻译中的高频词组总结(K12教育文档)
上海高考英语翻译中的高频词组总结(word版可编辑修改)上海高考英语翻译中的高频词组总结(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（上海高考英语翻译中的高频词组总结(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为上海高考英语翻译中的高频词组总结(word版可编辑修改)的全部内容。
上海高考英语翻译中的高频词组总结(word版可编辑修改)翻译中的高频词组总结A1.achieve one's goal(achieve nothing 一事无成)实现目标2.account for说明，解释;占…比例3.accuse …of=charge with 指控……,谴责……4.act as 担任；充当5.sth. be (in） accessible to sb。
某人（不）可以进入，使用6.adapt (…） to…= adjust (…） to使适应7.add to 增添8.add up to合计达9.be admitted into the dream university 被理想的大学录取10.a bird’s eye view of 鸟瞰11.a demanding job 一份要求很高的工作12.a drop in the ocean 沧海一粟13.a harmonious society 和谐社会14.a man of vision 有远见的人15.a well—educated person 一个受过良好教育的人16.a part-time/full-time job 兼职、全职17.a stable/steady job 一份稳定的工作18.a parking lot 停车场19.a matter of life and death 生死攸关20.a newly-released report 新发布的报道21.a ticket for.。
2020届高三英语一模十一选十(小猫钓鱼)汇编
2020届高三英语一模16区（15份）十一选十（小猫钓鱼）汇编01. 黄浦区Beyond Mobile Money: The Future of Asia’s FinTechMobile money has been the hottest part in financial technology for the last few years. But FinTech is more than just how people store money and transact (交易)– the space is much more horizontal, shortcutting how we create, share, and protect value.The latest product of FinTech companies to ___31___ in Asia Pacific illustrates the many ways the space can help consumers beyond just their mobile wallet. It is important for all businesspersons to be aware of these trends, as their success opens up all sorts of possibilities for companies to ___32___ with them. And, on a much deeper level, new FinTechs may ___33___ consumer expectations in even other tech industries.The Smartphone Emerges as a Credit-Scoring StandardWith close to half a billion ___34___ consumers in Southeast Asia alone, there is an entire industry of FinTechs devoted to finding ways to accurately determine their credit-worthiness to give them ___35___ to finance. Unfortunately, since they don’t have bank accounts, such FinTechs cannot rely on___36___ financial information or credit card payments.One credit scoring source emerging as a new standard in the field is smartphone-based credit scoring. It has ___37___ broad global support, including from the likes of the World Bank. In one of its reports, the Asian Development Bank even stated that mobile data was a key to financial ___38___, as it could improve customer recording, and, in turn, get an access to credit.AI Combines with the Wisdom of the CrowdThe most common slogan in today’s tech headlines is the “artificial intelligence”. Readers are fascinated with how AI has the ___39___ to transform every consumer and enterprise(企业) industry. While such focus is appropriate that AI will ___40___ change the world, it leaves out a crucial element that will go hand-in-hand with its rise: the wisdom of the crowd.31-35 BEGKA 36-40 JHCFDSimba, everyone’s favorite baby lion, returns to movie theaters July 19th (in the U.S.). This time around, though, he will be much more 31 through the magic of CGL (电脑合成影像). The much-loved classic, The Lion King, will open for the 25th anniversary of the 32 movie.The 1994 film proved to be one of Hollywood’s best-loved vivid movies! It made almost US$970 million worldwide. The film went on to win numerous awards for its music and its later stage shows. Simba’s story opened on Broadway in 1997, followed by theatrical 33 around the world. Today, audiences on six continents have seen The Lion King34 on stage. Now, more than 20 years later, it is still one of Broadway’s most popular shows.Great 35 is building for the new movie. Disney released its first official video clip during Thanksgiving Day football games last year. The trailer (预告片) was viewed more than 224 million times in the first 24 hours!The trailer was received very positively, especially because of its realism. Some fans, though, noticed that the clip of the new film was 36 the same as in the 1994 opening scene. One Disney executive quickly gave some 37 . He said the movie kept the best of the original, while adding in some new elements.One thing that excited many viewers was the 38 of a very familiar voice. James Earl Jones, with his famous low but strong voice, has returned as Simba’s father Mufasa. Jones is the only one of the original voice actors to return in the new film.Many well-known people provide character voices, including popstar Beyonce and actor Seth Rogan. Director Jon Favreau expressed his excitement over 39 his all-star cast to such a great story. “It’s a director’s dream to 40 a talented team... to bring this classic story to life.”31. E 32. K 33. A 34. I 35. B 36. C 37. H 38. D 39. J 40. FStephen Hawking: The Extraordinary Scientist Who Changed Our Understanding of Physics There aren’t very many scientists who achieved rock star status. Stephen Hawking was definitely one of them.Hawking was a theoretical physicist whose early work on black holes 31 how scientists think about the nature of the universe. Lawrence Krauss, a theoretical physicist from Arizona State University and a friend and colleague of Hawking’s, says that at a young age, Hawking 32 something “truly remarkable”. Krauss says before Hawking, physicists thought that the large gravity of a black hole 33 everything in and nothing could escape. But by combining quantum mechanics (量子力学) and the theory of relativity, Hawking showed something and changed everything about the way we think about gravity. Krauss says Hawking pointed out a(n) 34 problem in the way physicists understand our world—a problem that Krauss says has yet to be resolved.But his fame wasn’t just a(n) 35 of his research. Hawking, who had a rare disease that made it impossible for him to move or speak, was also a popular public 36 and best-selling author. When he came to scientific conferences, the audience focused their attention on him. And it wasn’t just the scientists but the general public as well who showed great 37 for him. His popular book about his work, A Brief History of Time, was a best-seller. But he agreed that that book was probably the least-read, most-bought book ever. This showed H awking’s sense of humor.That sense of humor, along with his fame, 38 Hawking to appear on The Simpsons several times—as well as on a number of other popular shows.Toward the end of his life, Hawking’s disease left him almost paralyzed (瘫痪的). It took an enormous 39 for Hawking to communicate, using the tiny movements he could make to control a computer. It’s tempting to say that Hawking achieved his fame in spite of his 40 challenges.31. D 32. F 33. A 34. J 35. C 36. H 37. I 38. B 39. G 40. EIs it possible to make paper without trees? Australian businessmen Kevin Garcia and Jon Tse spent a year researching a possible ___31___ that could serve as a possible raw material for making paper. Then Garcia read about a Taiwanese company making commercial paper out of stone and a(n) ___32___ struck.A year later, in July 2017, they launched Karst Stone Paper. The company produces paper without using wood or water. Their source is stone waste ___33___ from construction sites and other industrial waste dumps.“If you look at the whole process of h ow paper is traditionally made, it ___34___ chopping trees, adding chemicals, using lots of water and then ___35___, drying and flattening it into sheets of paper,” said Garcia. “It contributes to high carbon emission and deforestation.”In 2019, Garcia es timates Karst’s paper production has helped save 540 large timber trees(成材木) from being deforested, 83,100 liters (21,953 gallons) of water from being used and 25,500 kilograms (56,218 pounds) of carbon dioxide from being ___36___.“We collect disposed limestone (石灰石) from wherever we can find it, wash it, and grind it into fine powder,” he said. The powder is mixed with a HDPE resin (高密度聚乙烯树脂), which ___37___ over time from sunlight, leaving only calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) behind.The paper can be as thin as notebook paper or as thick as a cardboard paper and is waterproof, ___38___ and difficult to tear. The notebooks cost $10 to $25. Karst’s products are mainly sold through the company’s website, but are also stocked in 100 stores, ___39___ throughout Aust ralia, the United States and the United Kingdom. “Over 70% of the customers are US-based,” he said.They hope to have the notebooks in 1,000 stores by the end of the year. Garcia said they are now thinking about ___40___ investors for the first time in order to scale up their operations. They declined to reveal how much the company makes or their annual revenue.31----40. DGJHI KCFEAHow do Cigarettes Affect the Body?Cigarettes aren’t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit (31) ______ when we finally give up smoking.Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the (32) ______ of infections as well as long-lasting diseases. It does this by damaging the tiny hair-like tissueswhich keep the airw ays clean. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and (33) ______ of breath.Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the (34) ______ sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to (35) ______ of blood tube walls, increasing the possibilityof heart attacks and strokes.Man y of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous (36) ______ in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and (37) ______ bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upsi de with almost (38) ______ and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates (39) ______. Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually (40) ______. Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free. That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.31. G 32. C 33.I 34.A 35.E 36.B 37.K 38.F 39.J 40. HMicroplastic PollutionIn the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled water, beer and even in the air we breathe. And there’s growing concern about the _____31_____ health risks they pose to humans.The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely _____32_____ across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame, which was _____33_____ last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide. Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland, two or three pieces per litre were found.Microplastics are not a _____34_____ kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than5 mm in length according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They may _____35_____ froma variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.Humans are known to _____36_____ the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined. One study, in Singapore, has found that microplastics can _____37_____ harmful microbes (微生物).Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches. They included insects that cause gastroenteritis (肠胃炎) and wound _____38_____ in humans.“Microplastics are being found_____39_____ everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing,” said Christian Dunn at Bangor University, Wales, who led the work. “It’s no use looking back in 20 years’ time and saying: ‘If only we’d realized just how bad it was.’ We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think, as a country and a world, how we can be reducing our _____40_____ on plastic.”31-40 GAKHI DECBFEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also ____31____children’s joy in learning and teachers’ enjoyment of teaching.“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods ____32____information, they need to be allowed to be ____33____and be encouraged to learn by doing,” said Dr. Adele Diamond, the study’s lead author. “Indeed, people of a ll ages learn better by doing than by being told.”Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues ____34____the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic ____35____is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools ____36____ the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control, selective attention and planning. “Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness (入学准备) than intelligence quotient (IQ),” said Diamond. “This experiment is the first to show ____37____ of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more ____38____ behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late in the school year, Tools teachers reported they still felt ____39____ and excited about teaching, while teachers in the control group were exhausted. “I have enjoyed seeing the ____40____ progress my students ha ve made in writing and reading.” said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn’t want to miss school, even if they were sick.”31—35：GHFJB 36—40: AIDECIn between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution levels in Delhi, there’s one more option for you — a bar that has “pure air”. Delhi’s first-ever oxygen bar —named “Oxy Pure” — offers 15 minutes of 80-90 percent pure oxygen starting from Rs 299.The bar, __31__ in May, also offers its customers several aromas（香味）to choose from that can be filled with oxygen. The aromas include lemongrass, cherry, mango and more.Customers are given a lightweight tube, used for supplementary oxygen __32__. The device is placed near the customer’s nose through which they are advised to breathe in the aroma-filled oxygen.According to the aroma you choose, each session __33__ to improve one’s sleep patterns and digestion, cure headaches and even claims to work as a remedy for __34__.“I was passing by and saw that they were offering pure oxygen. I thought I would give it a try and went for the lemongrass flavour. It was __35__,” Manjul Mehta, a customer at Oxy Pure told Delhi Daily.Speaking to Delhi Daily, Bonny Irengbam, senior sales assistant at the bar, said customers were __36__ positively after a few sessions.“Some people, who try it for the first time, will feel relaxed and fresh. But only people who undergo the sessions regu larly will get real __37__ of the aroma,” he added. “Though we have regular customers, we don’t encourage back-to-back sessions, as __38__ levels of oxygen in the body can make a person dizzy. It is __39__ to do it once or twice a month or to stick with the 10-15 minute sessions a day,” he said.Dr. Rajesh Chawla, a senior consultant in medicine said that though such sessions do not have any side-effects, it does not help in the long run either. “Even if you breathe in the so-called pure oxygen for two hours in a day, you will go back to breathing the polluted air for the rest of the 22 hours”, he said. He added that the concept is purely a(n) __40__ move.31-40 F H C K B J A E I DBottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PurposeCombing the beach for shells, sea glass, or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many. Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects. Only the lucky few have ___31___ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide. The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past. An early ___32___ use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island, Australia.Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice ___33___. While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle, a rolled up paper tied with a ___34___ fell out. The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12, 1886. According to official documents from the German sailing vessels, Paula, a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a(n) ___35___ 950 km off the coast of Western Australia. Further research authenticated（验证）the letter, which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever ___36___.Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933. And ___37___ inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship, ___38___ routes, coordinates, and other information. These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean ___39___ around the world.On the back of the notes were ___40___ to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities. Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patterns in nature and the vast ocean in particular.31. H 32. E 33. K 34. A 35. I 36. G 37. B 38. D 39. F 40. J10. 长宁、金山区Marketing the MoonAn astronaut, a little hop and a witty quote: Neil Armstrong’s first lunar (月球的) footstep is deep-rooted in the minds of all humankind. But that first moon landing might not have been such a(n) 31 moment if it weren’t for NASA’s clever PR (Public Relat ions) team.Richard Jurek is a marketing 32 and co-author of the book Marketing the Moon: The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program. He says NASA’s move to real-time, open communication made the 1969 Apollo 11 landing “the first positive viral event that 33 the world’s attention.”Before NASA was established in 1958, rockets were the military’s territory; that secretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days. At first, NASA followed a “fire in the tail” rule, only 34 a rocket’s launc h when it was successfully in the air. But as the agency evolved, it started announcing more details about the Apollo program. It 35 its astronauts, talked openly about mission goals and challenges, and shared launch times so people could watch. “If it had been run like it was under the military,” Jurek says, “we would not have had that sense of drama, that sense of involvement, that sense of wonder, that 36 .” Instead, all the PR and press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflight program into people’s living rooms and imaginations.As the drama neared its peak, NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to keep the cargo 37 , didn’t exist at that point. Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would 38 from efforts to achieve the landing itself. But NASA’s communications team argued that telling th e story was as vital as the 39 itself. Live TV would bring the American people—and international viewers—along for the ride.Come landing day, which 40 fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for th e historic moment. “We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together,” says David Meerman Scott, marketing strategist and co-author of Marketing the Moon. “I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since.”31-35 HFBIC 36-40 KGEAD11. 浦东新区Criticism of the Fast FashionIn the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater was ____31____ over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes.This top-down concept of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year accusation of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so, ____32____ in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more ____33____. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to ____34____ their wardrobe (衣橱) every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have controlled fashion cycles, shaking an industry long ____35____ to a seasonal pace.The ____36____ of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that ____37____ natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes — and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be imitated.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to ___38___ their impact on labor and the environment —including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line —Cline believes lasting change can only be made by customers. She exhibits the idealism ___39___ to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity (虚荣心) is a constant; people will only start shopping more ___40___ when they can’t afford not to.31-40 HBGIA KEFDJFounding Father of China’s Nuclear ProgramUnder the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (不扩散核武器条约), only five countries are considered to be “nuclear-weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been __31__ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weapon programs.Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly-founded People’s Republic of China with __32__ physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.From1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working __33__ with a team of young scientists on the development of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its __34__ with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to __35__ the mysterious power of atomic physics.There was ridicule(嘲笑) following the __36__ of the Soviet experts that China wouldn’t be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese peo ple to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our __37__ to this cause.”As the leader of China’s atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the __38__ foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was __39__ in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development .Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was __40__, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientists, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science.31-40 KFACG IEBDHTime: is there ever enough of it? In today’s modern world, most of us are 31 with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home. But why do we still feel busier?A study by Derek Thompson on t he “myth” of being busy suggests that while 32 brought us convenience, it also brought us new headaches. Consider the idea of FOMO (fear of missing out). Knowing exactly what we’re missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the 33 of our time and our ability to use it effectively.While being informed is important, it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times. If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter, turn off the phone and take a mental break. Practice JOMO (joy of missing out), a(n) 34 on life that’s a direct contradiction to FOMO. Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds” and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment.Another thing technology has 35 us is the blurring (难以区分) between work and downtime. While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it’s also harder to turn off at the end of the day. Always being “on” is a(n) 36 state of mind. Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed.Of course, if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck, working long hours has long been a 37 strategy. But if you don’t have passion for your job or care about what you do, you might just be working yourself into more 38 .People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure depending on their passion. If most of the hours are spent doing something you don’t feel39 about, it’s no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxio us about your time. Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress. Therefore, your time management goal shouldn’t be to figure out how to do more, but 40 to figure out how to want less.31. J 32. A 33. E 34. H 35. G 36. K 37. I 38. B 39. F 40. CAutism Spectrum DisorderAutism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, affects how people communicate with and relate to others. Most people with autism don’t understand some of the basic social __31__ that others take for granted. They might have trouble making eye contact, holding a conversation, or recognizing gestures. And over one-third of people with ASD are nonverbal, meaning they don’t use speech. Along with communication __32__, people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or __33__ behaviors. Many are sensitive to bright light or loud noises, and others have physical problems, like trouble walking or picking up small objects. Some have __34__ disabilities, but about half have average or above average IQs. It’s also common for people with autism to have a great long-term memory for certain details, and many excel in math, science, music, or art.With such a wide variety of symptoms, no two people with ASD are alike. The behaviors vary so much that they used to be __35__ as different disorders. One was Asperger Syndrome, where people obsess over particular topics, __36__nonverbal social cues, and may not understand appropriate social behaviors.Even though there’s no cure for ASD, therapy and medication can help people adjust. Scientists are also doing clinical __37__ t o find other solutions. They’ve learned that 1 out of every 68 children in the US has the disorder, but they still aren’t sure what causes it. No matter why it happens, ASD is being __38__ at a higher rate every year. This doesn’t mean it’s becoming more c ommon. It just means more people are aware of the condition and getting professional help early, and awareness is __39__. The more we learn about autism, the more we can understand and relate to those who have it.It’s important to note that people with A SD deserve the same respect, fairness and chances that people without ASD receive. This will help people with ASD __40__ and grow in our communities.31-40 B G J F C I K E D A。
上海教育版-六年级英语童话剧本——《小猫钓鱼》
小猫钓鱼情节介绍：小猫和妈妈去河边钓鱼，蜻蜓和蝴蝶飞来了，它去和他们玩耍，结果没有钓到鱼，后来妈妈教育了它，它改正了自己的缺点，钓到了一条大鱼。
通过这个故事，教育学生做任何事情都要一心一意，同时培养学生的英语口头表达能力和表演能力。
人物：Little kitten，Mummy cat，Dragonfly，Butterfly。
Lady bug旁白者道具：钓鱼竿两根，鱼三条，水桶一个，凳子两根。
背景图一幅。
程序：旁白：Today is a pleasant day. The sun is shining. The sky is clear and blue. And the clouds are drifting about.。
The breeze is singing a sweet song, Birds are t wittering. It’s pleasing to the ear. The day is beauti ful.BA: Mummy, mummy,, it’s a fine day today .Let’s g o fishing. Ok?M: Good idea!旁白：listen. the baby is too glad to sing a song.猫妈妈和小猫扛着鱼竿,跳着舞入场（坐下）旁白：They get to a little river .BA: Mummy ,I think it’s a good sport for fishing.M: Good let’s sit here. Ok?BA: Ok!旁白：They are setting their heart on fishing .Sud denly. There comes a dragonfly.（蜻蜓入场，小猫丢下鱼竿捉蜻蜓）Kitty: Wow! What a beautiful dragonfly! Let’s play!Dragonfly: No! No! No! （往前飞）Kitty: Don’t fly away! Don’t fly away!(跑去抓) Dragonfly:Ah! You can’t catch me!(得意地飞走了)（小猫垂头丧气的走回去钓鱼）Mummy: Oh! A big fish !（兴高采烈地叫道）Kitty: Really?Mummy: Yes!Kitty :This time ,I will catch a big one.(重新拿起钓鱼竿认真钓鱼)旁白：Look! There comes a beautiful butterfly. （蝴蝶入场，在小猫眼前翩翩起舞）Kitty: Wow! What a beautiful butterfly!（边说眼珠跟着蝴蝶转。
上海中考英语专项冲刺专项二：小猫钓鱼
上海中考英语专项冲刺专项二：小猫钓鱼----小猫钓鱼【题型介绍】该题型考查学生词汇应用；，题量总共8道，分值8分，每道题一分。
五选四将词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用。
(1)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力以考查动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，也考查连词、介词、短语等；(2)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；(3)逻辑方面考察上下文联系。
【各个击破】高频考查词汇【解题技巧】1. 判断词性的技巧：a. 如何判断需要选择名词：a /an/the +n. , adj.+ n. , vt. +n.即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词；n. v. 即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)；prep. +n.即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。
Eg: ①When a friend stops talking to you for a day or two, your mi nd will get crazy with the ____46_____ thatperhaps you did something wrong. (2019普陀区一模) keys:A. thoug hts②It will have bad ____50_____ on you as you start to focus your e nergy on others but not yourself.(2019普陀区一模)keys: B. effects③Gradually, the talented young man went from being a supporting act or to a __49___ movie star.(2019松江区一模)keys: A. successfulb. 如何判断需要选择动词：n./pron. vt.n./pron. 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词；n./pron. vi. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词；n./pron. vi. adv./prep. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；n./pron. link v./be. adj. 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词；to v. 即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词v. and v. 即空格前是动词+并列连词或选择连词，空格后也考虑填动词。
高中英语外刊--小猫钓鱼(解析版)-尖子生必备
小猫钓鱼Music has been playing a major role in the lives of teenagers...A. purchasedB. positiveC. judgmentD. discussingE. preferencesF. stronglyG. informed H. feelings I. general J. different K. accepting Music has been playing a major role in the lives of teenagers for decades and today’s teens are no (1) Teens listen to over 2.5 hours of music per day. Ear buds, MP3 players and smart phones make it easy for teens to listen to music while they go about much of their daily lives. The digital world also means that parents must face new challenges when it comes to a teen’s music. In the past—when music was (2) through audio tapes or CDs—it was much easier for parents to be aware of a teen’s musical (3) But now that teens have free access to millions of songs and music videos through the Internet, parents are less likely to be (4) of what their teens are listening to. It’s hard to believe that today’s middle-aged people used to be (5) against Elvis Presley’s dance moves. Fast-forward to the present day and society has certainly become more (6) of many strange forms of art. As for parents, music is a powerful tool and certainly music with pro-social or warm lyrics (歌词) can be a(n) (7) influence on teens. You’d better take an active approach when (8) your teen’s musical interests. Get your teen to talk to you. Ask questions without passing (9) Always be curious and inquire about what your teen looks for in music and talk about what (10) can be found in certain songs.【参考答案与解题思路】■1.J考查different和differ解析：different意为“不同的”。
2020上海高考英语一模十一选十小猫钓鱼汇编
上海高考英语题型训练：十一选4 2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.松江Is it possible to make paper without trees? Australian businessmen Kevin Garcia and Jon Tse spent a year researching a possible __31__ that could serve as a possible raw material for makingpaper. Then Garcia read about a Taiwanese company making commercial paper out of stone and a(n) __32__ struck.A year later, in July 2017, they launched Karst Stone Paper. The company produces paperwithout using wood or water. Their source is stone waste __33__ from construction sites and other industrial waste dumps.“If you look at the whole process of how paper is traditionally made, it __34__ chopping trees,adding chemicals, using lots of water and then __35__, drying and flattening it into sheets of paper, “ said Garcia. "It contributes to high carbon emissand deforestation. ”In 2019, Garcia estimates Karst paper production has helped save 540 large timber trees.(成材木)from being deforested, 83,100 liters (21,953 gallons) of water from being used and 25,500 kilograms (56,218 pounds) of carbon dioxide from being __36__.“We collect disposed limestoneH 灰石)from wherever we can find it, wash it, and grind it into fine powder, “ he said. The powder is mixed with a H DPEresin 度聚乙烯树脂) ,which __37__ over time from sunlight, leaving only calciumcarbonate (碳酸钙)behind.The paper can be as thin as notebook paper or as thick as a cardboard paper and is waterproof, __38__ and difficult to tear. The notebooks cost $10 to $25. Karst ' s products are mainly sold through the company ' s website, but are also stocked in 100stores, __39__ throughout Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom.“ Over 70% of theustomers are US -based, " he said.The hope to have the notebooks in 1,000 stores by the end of the year. Garcia said they are now thinking about __40__ investors for the first time in order to scale up their operations. They declined to reveal how much the company makes or their annual revenue.黄浦Mobile money has been the hottest part in financial technology for the last few years. But FinTech is more than just how people store money and transact 交易）-- the space is much more horizontal, short cutting how we create, share, and protect value.A. approachingE. primarilyI. squeezingB. temporarily F. recyclable J. minedC. decomposesD. alternative G. inspiration H. involves K. emittedThe latest product of FinTech companies to __31__ in Asia Pacific illustrates the many ways the space can help consumers beyond just their mobile wallet. It is important for all businesspersons to be aware of these trends, as their success opens up all sorts of possibilities for companies to __32__ with them. And, on a much deeper level, new FinTechs may __33__ consumer expectations in even other tech industries.The Smart-phone Emerges a Credit - Scoring StandardWith close to half a billion __34__ consumers in Southeast Asia alone, there is an entire industry of FinTechs devoted to finding ways to accurately determine their credit - worthiness to give them __35__ to finance. Unfortunately, since they don' t have bank accounts, such FinTechs cannot rely on __36__ financial information or credit card payments.One credit scoring source emerging as a new standard in the field is smart-phone-based credit scoring. It has __37__ broad global support, including from the likes of the World-Bank. In one of its reports, the Asian Development Bank even stated that mobile data was a key to financial __38__, as it could improve customer recording, and, in turn, get an access to credit.AI Combines with the Wisdom of the CrowdThe most common slogan in today ' s tech headlines is the " artificial intelligence. Readers are fascinated with how AI has the __39__ to transform every consumer and enterprise 企业）industry. While such focus is appropriate that AI will __40__ change the world, it leaves out a crucial element that will go hand - in - hand with its rise: the wisdom of the crowd.崇明A. drewB. allowedC. resultD. transformedE. physicalF. discoveredG. effortH. figureI. respectJ. fundamentalK. mutualStephen Hawking: The Extraordinary Scientist Who Changed Our Understanding of Physics There aren ' very many scientists who achieved rock star status. Stephen Hawking was definitely one of them.Hawking was a theoretical physicist whose early work on black holes __31__ how scientists think about the nature of the universe. Lawrence Krauss, a theoretical physicist from Arizona State University and a friend and colleague of Hawking's, says that at a young age. Hawking __32__ something “trulyremarkable "Kr auss says before Hawking , physicists thought that the large gravity of a black hole __33__ everything in and nothing could escape. But by combining quantum mechanics 量子力学）and the theory of relativity, Hawking showed something and changed everything about the way we think about gravity. Krauss says Hawking pointed outa(n) __34__ problem in the way physicists understand our world - a problem that Krauss says has yet to be resolved.But his fame wasn ' t just a(n) __35__ of his research. Hawking, who had a rare disease that made it impossible for him to move or speak, was also a popular public 36 and best-selling author. When he came to scientific conferencesthe audience focused their attention on him. And it wasn ' t just the scientists but the general public as well who showed great __37__ for him. His popular book about his work, A Brief History of Time, was a best-seller. But he agreed that that book was probably the least-read, most-bought book ever. This showed Hawking's sense of humor.That senseof humor, along with his fame, __38__ Hawking to appear on TheSimpsons several times as well as on a number of other popular shows.Toward the end of his life, Hawking s disease left hi imlOlmost .It look anenormous __39__ for Hawking to communicate, using the tiny movements he could make to control a computer. It ' s tempting to say that Hawking achieved his fame inspite of his __40__ challenges.虹口Cigarettes aren t good for us. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Letsat what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit(31)when we finally give up smoking.Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the (32)of infections as well as long - lasting diseases.It does this by damaging the tiny hair - like tissues which keep the airways clean. That ' s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen loss and (33)of breath.Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, creating the (34)sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette, at the same time, cause tightness of blood tubes, restricting blood flow. These effects on blood tubes lead to (35) of blood tube walls, increasing the possibility of heart attacks and strokes.Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can activate dangerous (36)in the body' D NA that make cancers form. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking. And it ' not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and (37)bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause long-term damages of body functions.But for those who quit smoking, there s a huge positive upside with almost (38) and long-lasting physical benefits. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decreaseas blood pressure and heart rates (39). Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing. After ten years, the chances ofdeveloping fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.There' no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression. But fortunately, such effects are usually （40）. Advice and support groups and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette - free. That' good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.徐汇In the past few years, scientists have found microplastics in our soil, tap water, bottled water, beer and even in the air we breatheAnd there ' s growing concern aboutthe 31 health risks they pose to humans.The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely ________ 32across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled. More than 1,000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame, which was 33 last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide. Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland, two or three pieces per litre were found.Microplastics are not a 34 kind of plastic, but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than 5 mm in length according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. They may 35 from a variety of sources, including cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes.Humans are known to 36 the tiny plastic particles through food and water, but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined. One study, in Singapore, has found that microplastics can 37 harmful microbes （微生物）.Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches.They included insects that cause gastroenteritis!（胃炎）and wound 38 in humans.“Microplasticsare being found 39 everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing, " said Christian Dunn at Bangers UniWales, who led the work. “It nos use looking back in 20 years time and saying: ' Ifonly we' d realized just how bad it was. ' We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think, as a country and a world, how we can be reducing our 40 on plastic. ”松江31-40 DGJHI KCFEA 崇明31-40 DFAJC H1BGE 徐汇31-40GAKHI DECBF黄浦31- 40 BEGKA JHCFD虹口31-40 GCIAE BKFJH。
十年中考英语小猫钓鱼汇总
十年中考小猫钓鱼汇总2007I.Choose the word Or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in51. It is ten years since Hong Kong returned to our motherland.52. Mike is such a bright little boy that everyone likes him very much.53. This huge evergreen tree has been growing in the garden for nearly a century.55. Many foreigners are living and working in Shanghai at present.56. The balloon flew higher and higher and then disappeared in the sky.57. Billy hurt his leg while playing football and was sent to hospital at once.58. The aged people are taken good care of in the nursing home near the lake.2008VI. Choose the word or expression which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each sentence（选择与下列各句中划线部分内容意思相近的单词或短语，用A、B、C、D 等51. She said sorry to Mike for taking his paper home by mistake.52. The English party will be held three days before Christmas.53. Her friend always gives her a hand whenever she is in trouble.54. Nancy has made up her mind to work in the mountain area.55. Mm… the soup tastes very nice! How did you make it?56. Sorry, I didn’t hear you clearly. Could you say it once more?57. – Do you feel it dull to take a walk for an hour every morning?–Not at all. It’s very good exercise.58. – How many parents will attend the Open Day in our school?– I have no idea.一词): (共10分)2012Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once (将下列单词或词组填入空格。
上海高考英语选词填空(小猫钓鱼)常见兼类词总结
基本兼类词汇总helpvt.& vi. 帮助;有助于，有利于vt. 治疗;避免;招待（客人）;给…盛（饭、菜）n. 帮助;助手;补救办法;有用stopvi. 停止;中断;逗留;（使）停止工作vt. 塞住;堵塞;阻挠;止付n. 停止;（管风琴的）音栓;停车站;bathn. 沐浴;洗澡;浴缸，澡盆;浸，泡，洗澡水vt.& vi. （给…）洗澡lovevt.& vi. 爱，热爱;爱戴;喜欢;赞美，称赞vt. 喜爱;喜好;喜欢;爱慕n. 爱情，爱意;疼爱;热爱;爱人，所爱之物thankvt. 谢谢，感谢;责怪，把…归于n. 感谢，谢谢，道谢的话usen. 用途;v使用能力;运用头脑（或身体）的能力suitn. 一套外衣;西装，套装;诉讼;恳求vt. 适合于（某人）;尤指服装、颜色等相配;合身;适宜vi. 合适，相称supportvt. 支持;帮助;支撑;维持n. 支撑;支持者;[数学]支集;支撑物wishv. 希望;想要;祝愿n. 愿望;希望;希望的事 ;祝福worryn. 烦恼，忧虑;担心;撕咬vi. 担心，焦虑;为…发愁;撕咬vt. 使烦恼;烦扰;撕咬workvt.& vi. 使工作;使运作;操作;使产生效果n. 工作，操作;著作;工厂;行为，事业vt. 使工作;操作;经营;使缓慢前进walkvt.& vi. 走;步行;散步n. 步行;步态;人行道;步行的路径vi. 行走;陪伴…走;徒步旅行;不翼而飞train n. 列车;行列;后果;顺序vt.& vi. 训练，锻炼，培养vt.教育;使（植物）朝某方向生长;[园艺学]修剪;把（枪口、照相机、灯...tasten. 体验;滋味;味觉;风味vt.& vi. 尝，品尝vt. 吃;喝;浅尝talkvt.&vi.说;讨论;说话;（用以强调款额、情况严重程度等）讲的是vt. 谈论;商谈;（用某种语言）讲n. 空话;交谈;话题swimn.& vi. 游泳vi. 眩晕vt. 浸;泡;洒满;充溢着studyn. 学习，研究;课题;书房;结论vi. 考虑;沉思;默想;努力vt. 想出;详细地检查;背诵（台词等）;为…费心思surprisevt. 使惊奇，使诧异;意外发现[撞见]，出其不意获得;突袭n.令人吃惊的事物;意想不到（或突然）的事;令人惊奇的事（或消息等）...visitvt.& vi. 访问;探望;参观;游览vi. 作客n. 访问，参观;逗留workvt.& vi. 使工作;使运作;操作;使产生效果n. 工作，操作;著作;工厂;行为，事业vt. 使工作;操作;经营;使缓慢前进actvt.& vi. 行动;做;表演;起作用n. 行为;动;（一）幕;（搭档）演出短节目的演员vt.饰;演（戏）;把（感情、事件等）表演出来;使举止与…相称lookvt.& vi. 看，瞧vi. 注意;面向;寻找;看起来好像n. 看;（尤指吸引人的）相貌;眼神;样子needvt. 需要;必须aux. 必须;不得不n. 需要;需要的东西;责任;贫穷starn.星;明星;（尤指旅馆或餐馆的）星级;星象（根据人出生时天体的位置...vt.（在文字等旁）标星号;用星（形物）装饰;点缀;使成辐射状开裂 vt.& vi. 主演soundn. 声音，声响;音调，声调;声波;嘈杂声vi. 响，发声;听起来，好像;回响;[音乐]乐器等被奏响 vt. 使出声，使发声;清楚地发出;宣布，发表;颂扬watchvt. 注视，注意;看守，监视;守候（机会等）;密切注意 n. 表;值夜，值班;看守，监视;值班人员 vi. 观看;注视;守候;看守playn. 比赛;游戏;戏剧;赌博vt.& vi. 玩;演奏;演出;参加比赛 vt. 扮演;担任，充当…的角色;演出;装扮dreamvi. 梦想;做梦;梦见;想到 vt.& vi. 做梦，向往 vt. 梦想;做梦;想到willn. 愿意;意志（力）;[法]遗嘱vt.决心要;将（财产等）遗赠某人;用意志力驱使（某事发生） vi. 愿意， 希望， 想要ordern. 命令;秩序;规则，制度;次序 vt. 命令;订购;整理 vi. 下订单practicen. 练习;实践;（医生或律师的）业务;惯例 vi. 实行;惯常地进行;练习;实习 vt. 实行，实践;执业;练习;惯常地进行fightvt.& vi. 战斗;斗争;打架;吵架 n. 打架;吵架;战斗;斗志wasten.浪费，白费，挥霍钱财;废料，废品，废物;荒地，荒芜;消耗（量），...vt.& vi. 徒劳;（使）损耗;（使）消瘦;浪费 vt. 破坏;干掉;（游戏或比赛中）大胜flash vt.& vi.使闪光，使闪烁;拍出，发出（电报等）;〈口〉炫耀n. 闪光;闪光灯下摄成的照片;一瞬间;浮华 adj. 闪光的，闪耀的，一闪而过的;浮华的;庞大的payvt.& vi. 付款;偿还;补偿;（对…）有利 vt. 给予;支付 n. 工资;薪水;报答bookn. 书;卷;课本;账簿 vt.& vi. 预订vt.登记;（向旅馆、饭店、戏院等）预约;立案（控告某人）;订立演出契约bandagen. 绷带 vt. 用绷带绑扎parkn. 公园;停车场 vi. 泊车，停车vt. 将…放置在某处;停车checkvt. 检查，核对;制止，抑制;在…上打勾 vi. 核实，查核;中止;打勾;[象棋]将一军 n. <美>支票;制止，抑制;检验，核对startn. 开始;动身;开动;起点 vt.& vi. 出发，启程vt. 起动;提出（问题）;开办;使开始breakvt.& vi. 打破;折断;弄坏;削弱vt. （使）破;打破（纪录）;（常指好天气）突变;开始 vi. （嗓音）突变;突破;破晓;（价格）突然下跌challengen. 挑战;盘问;质疑;怀疑 vt. 质疑;向…挑战vi. 提出挑战，要求竞赛（或竞争）;驳斥cheatvt. 欺骗，诈骗;误导，愚弄;躲避，逃脱vi.作弊，行骗;犯规;俚〉不忠;消磨，解（闷），消除（疲劳） n. 欺骗（行为）;骗子;雀麦;〈美俚〉反光镜changevt. 改变，变更;交换，替换;兑换;换衣服（床单） vi. 改变，转变;交换，互换;换衣，更衣 n. 变化，改变;交换，交替;零钱，找头;代替物coughvt.& vi. 咳嗽;（引擎等）发噗噗声;咳出 n. 咳，咳嗽;咳嗽病;（机关枪等的）连续发射声controlvt. 控制;管理;限制;支配n.支配权;操纵者;（对国家、地区、机构等的）管理权;（键盘上的）控...interestn. 兴趣，爱好;利害关系，利益;利息;趣味，感兴趣的事 vt.使产生兴趣;使参与，使加入;引起…的意愿;使产生关系hurryvt.& vi.仓促（做某事）;催促;（朝某方向）迅速移动;迅速处理n. 匆忙，急忙landn. 陆地;国家;地产;土地vt.& vi. （使）登岸;降临;使陷于（困境）;使不得不应付 vt. 自船上卸下;获得;捕到;钓到（鱼）kidn. <口>小孩;小山羊，小山羊皮制品 vt.& vi. 欺骗，戏弄，取笑 adj. 较年幼的;小山羊皮制的dealvt. [牌戏]分;分配;经营;施予 n. （一笔）交易;许多;待遇;发牌vi. 论述;（有效地或成功地）处理;惩处;交易markn. 痕迹;记号;（品质或情感的）标志;目标 vt. 作记号;表示;给…打分;在…留下痕迹 vi. 评分;注意;（比赛中）记分hitvt.& vi. 打，打击;碰撞vt. 击（球）;（在精神上）打击（某人）;猜中;迎合 n. 打，打击;碰撞;（演出等）成功;批评，讽刺fearn. 害怕;可能性;（对神等的）敬畏;忧虑vt. 畏惧;害怕;为…忧虑（或担心、焦虑）;敬畏（神等） vi. 害怕;忧虑;感到害怕;惧怕bow弓;鞠躬;船头;艏doubtn. 怀疑，疑虑;未确定 vt. 怀疑，疑惑vi. 不确定，不能肯定或怀疑costn. 价钱，代价;花费，费用;牺牲;[用复数][法律]诉讼费vi. 价钱为，花费;估计成本vt. 付出代价;估价;使丧失;使付出努力drivev. 驾驶;开车;驱动;迫使n. 驱车旅行;驱动力;车道;驱动器emptyadj.空的，空虚的，空洞的;空闲的，无效的，徒劳的;无聊的，愚蠢的;言... vt. （使）成为空的， 把…弄空;把…腾出来 vi. 成为空的;流空exchangen. 交换;交易;交易所;兑换（率） vt. 交换，互换;兑换;交换，调换vi.交换，替换;进行易货贸易，作物物交换;[金融业]（货币）交换，兑换fooln. 愚人，傻瓜;受骗者;有癖好的人;受愚弄的人 vt. 愚弄，欺骗;浪费，虚度;闹笑话;游手好闲 vi. 开玩笑;欺骗;戏弄gardenn. 花园，菜园;公园;供应点心的露天设施;大型公共礼堂 vt. 造园，开辟（一小片土地）作为花园;以花园装饰 vi. 从事园艺guardn. 警卫;狱吏，看守;护卫队;防护装置 vt. 保卫，守护;看守;加防护装置;谨慎使用 vi. 警惕;警卫heatn.热，热度，高温;热烈，激烈;（身体的）发烧，发热;发情 vt.&vi. 使温暖，使热;激发…的感情，使兴奋sensen. 感觉，官能;意识，观念;理性;识别力 vt. 感到;理解，领会;检测出honorn. 尊敬;敬意;荣誉;光荣 vt. 尊敬，给以荣誉hugvt.& vi. 热烈地拥抱，抱住，紧抱 vt. 紧靠…走;抱有，持有 n. 紧抱，热烈拥抱influencen. 影响;势力;有影响的人（或事物）;[占星学]星力 vt. 影响;感染;支配;对…起作用interviewn. 接见;采访;面试;会谈vt.& vi. 面试vt. 采访;访问;会见;（私下）提问kissvt. 接吻;轻拂;轻微碰撞 vi. 接吻;轻触n. 吻;轻触;小糖果;蛋白甜饼，球形饼干showern. 阵雨;淋浴;淋浴器;一大批vi. 下阵雨;似阵雨般降落;洒落;纷纷降落 vt. 大量地给予;抛洒，使纷纷降落showvt.& vi. 给…看;表现出;显露出;上演 vt. 说明;指示;表明;演示 n. 展览;显示;外观;表演knockn. 短促的敲打（声）;爆震声;敲击声;敲门（或窗等）声 vi. 猛烈敲击;与某物相撞;撞到了桌子vt. （心）怦怦跳;把…撞击成（某种状态）;批评liftvt.& vi. 举起，抬起 vt. 举起;提升;鼓舞;抬起 vi. 消散;升起;耸立shopn. 商店;工厂;办事处;购物vt.& vi. （到…）去买东西[购物];逛商店 vt. 购物;买东西listn. 清单，目录;倾斜;布边，布头;狭条 vt. 列出，列入;把…编列成表;记入名单内 vi. 列于表上littern. 杂物，垃圾;（一窝）幼崽;褥草;轿，担架 vt.& vi. 使杂乱;乱丢杂物;乱扔;使饱含lockn. 锁;水闸，船闸;（机器部件等的）锁定;一把，一撮 vt. 锁上;锁好，关好;使固定;隐藏 vi. 卡住，不动;纠结;僵硬不动mailn.邮件，邮政;邮政（制度）;邮务员，邮递员;〈古〉袋，旅行包vt. 邮寄;给…穿盔甲 vi. 投邮noten. 注意;笔记;注解;便条 vt. 注意;记录;对…加注释;指出milkn. 乳;牛奶;（椰子等植物的）白色汁液;乳液 vt. 产奶，挤奶;套出;榨取，压榨 vt. 榨取，勒索;产奶，出奶praisen. 赞扬，称赞;崇拜;赞词 v. 赞扬，赞美;歌颂;崇拜regretvt. 后悔，悔恨;遗憾，抱歉;悼念，哀悼 vi. 感到后悔，感到抱歉 n. 遗憾，惋惜;后悔，悔恨;哀悼requestn. 要求;需要;所请求的事物;申请书vt.（下级对上级的）请求;请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句]reviewn. 复习;回顾;（报刊的）评论;[法]复审 vt. 检验;复查;复习;评论 vi. 复习功课;写评论rushvi. （使）急速行进，仓促完成;猛攻;急速流动，奔腾 vt.突袭;（使）仓促行事;催促;（为物色、招募目的）特别关注 n. 冲;匆忙;繁忙的活动;涌动answervt.& vi. 答复; 解答; 答辩;适应 n. 回答;答案;反应;足以媲美的人scoren.得分，得分记录;[乐]总谱，乐谱;计算，百分数，成份;论点，理由，... vt.& vi. 得分;获胜，成功vi. 记分;刻痕;勾引，成功地用性勾引某人;走私volunteern. 志愿者，志愿兵;[军]义勇军;[植]自生植物;[林]先锋树种 adj. 自愿的，志愿的vt.&vi. 自愿去做;当志愿兵[义勇军]smilen. 微笑，笑容vt. 以微笑表示;以微笑完成 vi. 微笑;赞许;不在乎dancen. 跳舞;舞会;舞蹈艺术;舞曲 vi. 跳舞;手舞足蹈;摇晃;跳跃 vt. 使跳舞risevi. 上升;增强;（数量）增加;休会n.（数量或水平的）增加;兴起;（数量、价格、价值等的）增长;（日、...vt. 使…浮上水面;使（鸟）飞起;复活;发酵riskn. 危险，冒险;保险额;被保险人或物 vt. 冒…的危险;使…冒风险（或面临危险）restn. 休息;剩余部分;支持物;宁静，安宁 vt.& vi. （使）休息;（使）倚靠[支撑] vi. 休息;静止;停止;安心researchn. 研究，追究;探讨，探测;调查;探索vi. 做研究;探究;（从市场调研中）得出所预测的结果 vt. 从事…的研究，为…而做研究reportn. 报告;成绩报告单;传闻;流言蜚语 vt.& vi. 报道;公布;宣告 vt. 告发，举报;使报到exercisen. 练习;运动，训练;运用;典礼 vi. 锻炼，训练，练习vt.锻炼（身体某部位）;使焦虑，使忧虑;实行，发挥（作用）;运用returnv. 回转，返回;复发，又来;送还;言归正传 n. 归来，返乡;来回票, 利润,，汇成;赢利;统计表adj. 返回的, 回程的, 报答的, 反向的, 重现的hostn. [计算机]主机;主人，东道主;节目主持人;酒店业主 vt. 当主人;主办宴会，主持节目;款待，做东 vi. 做主人，做东道主ridevt.& vi. 乘，骑，驾n.（乘坐汽车等的）旅行;乘骑;（乘车或骑车的）短途旅程;供乘骑的游...vt. （骑马、自行车等）穿越;搭乘;飘浮recordn. 履历, 档案, 诉状, 最高纪录, 报告, 唱片vt. 记录, 标明, 将...录音 vi. 录音, 被录音 adj. 创纪录的...progressn. 进步;前进;[生物学]进化;（向更高方向）增长 v. （使）进步，（使）进行;发展;促进 vi. 发展;（向更高方向）增进partn. 部分;零件;作用;角色 vt. 使分裂;拆移;使分开vi. 分开;分离;分岔sleepvi.& linkv. 睡，睡觉 vi. 睡，睡觉;睡眠状态vt. 为…提供床位;提供住宿;以睡觉打发日子valuen. 价值，价格;意义，涵义;重要性;（邮票的）面值 vt. 评价;重视，看重;估价，给…定价tien. 关系;领带，绳子;平局;束缚，限制vt.（用线、绳等）系;（在线、绳上）打结;连接;与…成平局 vi. 打结，系上;平局;被用带（或绳子等）系住traden. 贸易;行业;<美>顾客;买卖 vt.& vi. 交易，经商vt. 交换;经营…交易，做…的买卖treatn. 款待;招待;乐事;乐趣 vt. 处理;探讨;对待;请（客） vt.& vi. 请客，款待supportvt. 支持;帮助;支撑;维持n. 支撑;支持者;[数学]支集;支撑物smoken. 烟;吸烟vi. 冒烟;抽烟;快速 vt. 用烟熏制;吸（烟），抽smelln. 嗅觉;气味;臭味;发出臭气的人[东西]vt.& vi.& linkv.嗅，闻;闻出，发觉，查出;发出…的气味tourn. 旅行，观光;巡回演出;任职期;轮班 vt. 到…旅游;在…巡回演出 vi. 观光;巡回namen. 名字;名声;有…名称的;著名的人物vt. 确定;决定;给…取名;说出…的名字 adj. 著名的;据以取名lastn. 末尾;最后;上个;鞋楦（做鞋的模型）vt. 经受住;到…之后;够用;足够维持（尤指某段时间） adj. 最近的;最后的;最不可能的;惟一剩下的colorn. <美>颜色，色彩;肤色，脸色，血色;颜料，染料;本质v.<美>给…涂颜色;改变…的颜色;粉饰，渲染，使带上色彩;脸红reply. 回答，答复;反应;报复（行动）;[法律]答辩vi.[法律]（原告对被告）答辩;反响;作答;（以行动）做出反应 vt. 回应，作出反应cookvt.& vi. 烹调;编造;篡改;密谋 vt. 烹调;煮 vi. 烹调;做菜wonderadj. 奇妙的;钦佩的;远超过预期的 n. 惊奇;奇观;奇人;奇迹vt. 对…感到好奇;惊奇;感到诧异;想弄明白patternn. 模式;花样，样品;图案;榜样，典范 vt. 模仿;以图案装饰 vi. 形成图案paintn. 颜料，涂料;绘画作品;胭脂等化妆品;色彩，装饰 vt. 涂色于;绘画;（用语言，文字等）描写;擦脂粉等 vi. 描绘;绘画;化妆bootn.长靴，皮靴;防护罩;[多用于英国]行李箱;[俚语]解雇，激动vt. 穿（靴）;踢;[俚语]解雇;[计算机科学]引导 vi. 帮助或益处pityn. 怜悯;同情;可惜的事;憾事 vt. 对…表示怜悯;对…感到同情billn. 账单;钞票;清单;广告vt. 安排;给…开账单;为…发提（货）单;把…登录在账 vi. 鸟嘴相接触turnvt.& vi. 使转动;旋转;使改变方向;使不适 vt. 使变酸;使变换;使变为n. 翻转;（路线或方向的）改变;机会fairadj. 公平的;合理的;晴朗的;美丽的 adv. 公平地;直接地;清楚地;正大光明地n. 集市，庙会;商品交易会，展览会;美人，美丽的事物totaladj. 总计的（金额等）;全部的;完全的;绝对的 n. 总计，总数;全体数量vt.& vi. 总计达，计算…的总数adultadj.成熟的;（智力、思想、行为）成熟的;成年人的;成年的 n. 成年的人或动物secretn. 秘密，机密;秘诀;奥秘adj. 秘密的，机密的;神秘的;隐秘的presentadj. 现在的;目前的;出席的;[语法学]现在时的 n. 现在;礼物;瞄准pinkadj.粉红色的;淡红色的;略带左翼政治观点的;与同性恋者有关的 n. 粉红色;典范;香石竹;顶点，极度 vt. 刺、扎;打出小孔图案;戳patientadj. 有耐性的;能容忍的 n. 患者;病人;病号generaladj. 大致的;综合的;总的，全体的;普遍的 n. 上将;一般;一般原则;常规goldn. 金，黄金;金色;金币;金饰品adj. 金（制）的，含金的;金色的;金本位的specialadj. 特殊的;专门的;专用的;重要的 n. 专车;特价;特刊;特约稿cleanadj. 清洁的;整齐的;新的;正派的vt.& vi. （使）清洁;变干净;除去…的灰尘;使…干净 vi. 清扫correctadj.正确的;合适的;（举止言谈）符合公认准则的;符合公认的准则的 vt. 改正;[数学、物理学]校正;（试卷）改错;批改 vi. 纠正错误;调整;校准（常与 for 连用）bornvt. b ear 的过去分词;支撑，支持;亲自携带，运输 vi. 结果，生产;和…有关adj. 出生的，出身于…的;天生的，天赋的clearadj.清楚的，明白的;清晰的，明亮的;清澈的;明确的;无罪的，不亏心的 adv. 完全地;清晰地;整整 vi. 变明朗;变清澈closeadj. 紧密的;亲密的;亲近的 vt. 关;结束;使靠近 vi. 关;结束;关闭openadj.敞开的，开着的;公开的，公共的;坦率的;有议论余地的 vt.& vi. （打）开;开始;睁开;启动 n. 户外，野外;空旷;公开sparevt.节省，俭省;不用，抽出，省掉;宽恕，饶（命），救命，使某人免遭（... adj.多余的，剩下的（钱等），空闲的（时间等）;预备的，备用的，替换... n.备用零件，备用轮胎;节省，俭省;〈美〉（头两个球把十柱打得）全倒...separatevt.& vi. 分开;（使）分离;区分;隔开 vt. 分离（混合物）;分居;分类;割开 vi. 分手;断裂;（夫妻）分居;断绝关系doubleadj. 双的;两倍的;两面派的;双人用的 vt. 使加倍;把…对折;重复 vi. 加倍，加倍努力;快步走firen. 火，燃烧物;火灾;射击，发射;热情vt.& vi. 开火，射击;燃烧;引爆炸药;充满热情 vt. <口>解雇;射（箭）;激励;射出（子弹）lightn. 光，光明;发光体;日光，黎明;<诗>视力，眼神 vt. 使发光;点燃;使容光焕发 vi. 点燃;发光，发亮mostadv. 最，最多（大）;much 的最高级;非常，很;几乎 adj.many 的最高级;最多的，最大的;大概的;大多数的，大部分的 n. 最大限度;大部分;大多数人freeadj. 自由的;免费的;免税的;空闲的 adv. 免费地;自由地，无拘束地;一帆风顺地 vt. 免除;释放;使自由;解救welladv. 好;很;好意地;高高兴兴地 adj. 健康的;井的;良好的;恰当的 int. （用于表示惊讶，疑虑，接受等）firmadj. 坚固的，坚牢的;坚定的，坚决的;严格的;确定的 vt.& vi. 使坚固;使坚实n. 商号，商行;公司;企业;工作集体stepn. 步，脚步;步骤，手段;步调;级别vt.& vi. 举步，行走;踩，踏上;跨入;轻快地走 vi. 踏，踩;走setvt. 放置，安置;使处于某位置;使坐;坐落vi.（日、月等）落山;[常后接forth,out,off 等]出发;凝结;衰落 n. 凝固;（一）套;布景;集noticen. 注意;布告;警告;预告 vt.& vi. 注意vt. 通知;留心;关照;注意到callv. 呼唤，喊叫;召唤，叫来，召集;下令，命令;打电话给 n. 喊叫，大声喊;电话联络;必要，理由;要求lievi. 躺;摆放，位于;处于…状态;存在，内含n. 谎言，谎话;状态，位置;栖息处，隐藏处;停止的位置pointn. 点;要点;得分;标点vt. （意思上）指向;削尖;加标点于;指路 vi. 表明;指向crashvt.& vi. （使）猛撞，（使）撞毁 vi. 撞坏;猛冲直撞;发出巨响;突然失败n.破产;撞车事故;（机器或系统，尤指计算机或计算机系统的）崩溃;突...signn. 记号，符号;信号，暗号;手势;预兆vt.& vi. 签名，签字;用信号表示;画十字于;打手势causen. 原因;动机;（某种行为、感情等的）理由;缘故 vt. 成为…的原因;导致;引起;使遭受minepron. (I 的所有格)我的（东西） n. 矿;矿井;地雷;水雷 vt.& vi. 在…中开采，开采plantn. 植物，草木;设备;工厂;庄稼 vt. 种植;安，插;建设，布置;移民于armn. 臂;武器;[复数]战事;权力vi. 准备（斗争），准备行动(against)vt. 装备（防御工事）;准备（攻击或迎击）;配备;防护speedn. 速度;快速;昌盛;（汽车的）变速器，排挡 vt.& vi. 急行，加速vi. 超速;加速;迅速前行;兴隆blown. 殴打，打击;吹风，一阵风;意外的灾害;吹奏（声） vt.& vi. （风）吹;（轮胎等）爆炸 vt. 吹，吹气;使爆炸;奏出，演奏;使气喘sightn. 视力;看见;视野;景象vt. 看见，发现;瞄准;观察;调准瞄准器 vi. （用仪器）瞄准;观察pressvt. 压，按;逼迫;紧抱 vi. 压;逼迫;重压n. 强迫征兵;新闻报道，出版物;压榨;印刷机（厂）sleepvi.& linkv. 睡，睡觉 vi. 睡，睡觉;睡眠状态vt. 为…提供床位;提供住宿;以睡觉打发日子slipvi.滑，滑脱;犯过失，出错;（时间）不知不觉地过去;（健康状况等）变差 vt. 使顺利滑动;摆脱;放松，松开 n. 跌倒，失足;纸条;失误，口误;事故leadvt. 领导;引导;指挥 vi. 领导;导致;用水砣测深 n. 铅;领导;榜样;枪弹fallvi. 掉下，落下;下降，降低;摔倒，跌倒;倒塌，崩溃 vt. 阵亡;突然倒下n. 降落，下降;瀑布;秋天; （摔跤中）双肩着地covervt. 覆盖，遮蔽;采访，报导;涉及;包括n.盖子，覆盖物;（书等的）封面;隐蔽，遮蔽;（保险公司的）保险 vi. 代替;覆盖coachn. 教练;（铁路）旅客车厢;长途客运汽车;四轮大马车 vt.& vi. 训练;辅导;指导;burnvt.& vi.& linkv. （使）燃烧vt.& vi. 使用某物为燃料;烧毁;烧坏;烧伤n. 烧伤，烧痕aimvt. 瞄准;对准;踢向;挥向vi. 旨在;以…为目标;致力于;决定 n. 目的;目标;瞄准whileconj. 在…期间;与…同时;虽然;而 n. （一段）时间vt.消磨，打发（时间）;（愉快而懒散地）度过时间（常与 away 连...hardadj. 困难的;硬的;有力的;努力的 adv. 努力地;猛力地;严重地;沉重地 n. 英〉硬海滩，登陆处mindn.心，精神，心力，知，智力，智慧;心胸，头脑，人;愿望，目的，意向... vi. 介意;注意vt. 专心于;介意;愿意做;照顾mattern. 事件;（讨论、考虑等的）问题;重要性;物质 vi. 要紧，重要;化脓;有重大影响;有重要性troublen. 麻烦;烦恼;故障;动乱 vi. 费心;烦恼 vt. 麻烦;使烦恼;折磨。
题型突破03 选词填空之钓鱼方略(核心考点精讲精练)(原题版)
题型突破03 选词填空之钓鱼方略（核心考点精讲精练）【近年真题考点分布】✧选词填空题文体以说明文为主✧题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。
【思维导图】【知识梳理】（一）词汇分析2021年春考2021年秋考2022年春考2022年秋考2023年春考2023年秋考✧主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词；✧动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
✧名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。
✧副词考察较少，难度不大。
它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。
✧每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。
要注意积累派生词。
（二）解题步骤第一步，判断方框内单词词性。
有多个词性的都标出来，不确定词性的先不标。
doing和done可以不标。
第二步，略读抓中心。
略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。
第三步，填词入空。
分为三小步：1、确认空处可填词性，2、同性词筛选，3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain ___11___. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s ___12___. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then ___13___ adapt as situations change.For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___ everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in ___16___ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can ___17___ problems and organize responses.Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rulesand repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.The central ___18___ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal ___19___. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ___20___ shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.（上海市闵行(文绮)中学2023-2024学年高三下学期5月月考英语试题）Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940.The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine 1 , and how many have been generated through “augmentation(增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has 2 .“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades, from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades 3 ,” says Autor.However, that finding is only one of the study’s 4 .The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S.censusjob categories in relation to a(n) 5 look at the text of U.S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, toquantifythe effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940.To determine this, Autor and his colleagues 6 through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. That allowed them to 7 links between new technologies and their effects on employment.From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter(排字工人) tended toget automated. But at the same time, more workers — 8 roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department heads, and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been 9 by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period.There was a more 10 , and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.（一）（2024年宝山区二模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.products, such as cigarettes, have been ___31___ to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the ___32___ smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.Despite being ___33___ as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating ___34___ used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) ___35___ addictive substance.HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and ___36___ their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk ___37___ review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers.The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers ___38___ and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your ___39___. Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportivesocial environments, coping strategies and professional help are ___40___ for overcoming these things and living a smoke-free life.（二）（2024年崇明区二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How often do you exercise? A new ___31___ from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression, even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and 15 minutes to 2.5 hours of ___32___ aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week or some combination of the two.Adults who took a walk for what ___33___ to 2.5 hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all, the study found. But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all, according to researchers. “In this study, a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n) ___34___ decrease in risks of depression,” the study says. The researchers analyzed 15 studies with nearly 200,000 participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an 18% lower risk of depression ___35___ with adults who did not exercise, the study says. Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25% lower risk of depression than those who did not. Exercising more than the r e c o m m e n d e d a m o u n t h a r d l y____36____d e p r e s s i o n r i s k,a c c o r d i n g t o r e s e a r c h e r s.Many ___37___ of exercise can lead to improved mental health. For example, working out can increase circulation (血液循环) to the brain and ___38___ the central nervous system, leading to what many refer to as a “runners high,” the study says. More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body ___39___, which can cause a person to be more social, researchers say.Nearly 5% of adults in the U.S. report regular feelings of depression, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among the study participants, researchers estimate that 1 in every 9 cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise ____40____, the study says.（2018上海春考）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.addressB. fascinationernedD. imposingE.offensiveF.originallyG.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.sweptPalaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture.Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, hefortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles hebuilt allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened byEnglish ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation foroffensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations.Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord's strength.（2023年1月·上海高考真题）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.B.digesting B.distinctionC.examineD.identicalE.interveningF.liveG. mixture H.perspective I.shock J. space K. textingCommunication-a Thing of the Past?We all think we communicate all the time, and that's true. There's also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix--everything we're saying when we're not saying anything. But there’s a (n) (31 ) _______between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I'm quite well connected-there's Twitter Facebook,Instagram, Snapchat, email, iEverything (!), but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared, (32) __________back to someone else, and answer their question.. . Sometimes I feel like a cross between Siri and a mad juggler. Nothing seems to go in and I'm always mixing people up--asking someone how their band is going when they can’t play an instrument or how the job searchis going when someone’s just written to say how depressed they are that they can't find a job.So it was quite a ( n ) (33 )__________ to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal, no internet and no "Communication”at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower,more inverted and far more interesting. We were a group of 12,a ( n)(34)__________of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas, (35 )__________dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their (36 )__________entirely! We shared ideas and theories , plots of books and plays and city trips we'd been on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before , because you couldn't say, "It's a great film, you should google it later. " Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short ( 37 )__________of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I'd met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life.I don't think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate (38 )__________. The brevity of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn't challenge you to ( 39 )__________your feelings and motives enough. "Liking” something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something? It's a (n) (40)__________response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thoughts are unique. If we're not careful , perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper level.。
上海市2024年高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼)
1.2024届上海市宝山区高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼) F.costly A.processG.crucial B.impacting H.highly C.appearance I.legal D.linked J.pause E.assessmentK.marketed Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades.Traditional tobacco products,such as cigarettes,have been 31to a wide range of health problems,including cancer,heart disease,respiratory (呼吸的)disorders and others.According to a survey,78.3percent of smokers start smoking before age 20.Taiwan Province of China has raised the 32smoking age to 20or above.By instituting this change,they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.Despite being 33as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes,heated tobacco products (HTPs)are stillconsidered tobacco.As such,they pose significant dangers to human health.The heating 34used in these products35addictive releases harmful chemicals and poisons,including tar (焦油),carbon monoxide and nicotine,a(n)substance.HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking.To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and36their health,Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 37review mechanism.Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured,imported and sold to consumers.The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 38and encourage them to quit.Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases,including cancer,heart disease,and breathing problems.Quitting smoking can also improve your 39.Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth.Quitting can lead tohealthier skin,whiter teeth and fresher breath.Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell.By stopping tobaccouse,your senses recover,leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.Unfortunately,quitting tobacco isn't easy.Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness,irritability (易怒)and difficulty concentrating.Supportive social for overcoming these things and living a smoke-freeenvironments,coping strategies and professional help are40 life.答案：31.D 32.I 33.K 34.A 35.H 36.B 37.E 38.J 39.C 40.G上海市2024年高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼)A.activateB.amountedparedD.energeticE.guidelinesF.identif yG.image H.influenced I.respects J.review K.substantialExercise Can Help Prevent Depression,Study FindsHow often do you exercise?A new31from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression,even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in2.5to5hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and15minutes to2.5hours of32aerobic(有氧的)exercise per week or some combination of the two.Adults who took a walk for what33to2.5hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all,the study found.But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all,according to researchers.“In this study,a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n)34 decrease in risks of depression,”the study says.The researchers analyzed15studies with nearly200,000participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an18%lower risk of depression 35with adults who did not exercise,the study says.Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25%lower risk of depression than those who did not.Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly36 depression risk,according to researchers.Many37of exercise can lead to improved mental health.For example,working out can increase circulation (血液循环)to the brain and38the central nervous system,leading to what many refer to as a“runners high,”the study says.More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body39,which can cause a person to be more social,researchers say.Nearly5%of adults in the U.S.report regular feelings of depression,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Among the study participants,researchers estimate that1in every9cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise40,the study says.答案：31.J32.D33.B34.K35.C36.H37.I38.A39.G40.EA.floode dB.leapsC.increasinglybinesE.reflectsF.emphasizingG.pioneering H.crafted I.technical J.unexpectedly K.classicChinese animations(动画)are boomingThe“Black Cat Detective”,released40years ago,was a childhood favorite for many Chinese.Since then,Chinese cartoons have come a long way.While“Black Cat Detective”was simply drawn,current cartoons feature_____31_____ advances and fascinating plots.One example is“Boonie Bears:Time Twist”,a family-friendly adventure released in February,with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar,a_____32_____animation studio now owned by Disney.These recent_____33_____in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office.“Ne Zha:Birth of the Demon Child”was the most well-received film in China in2019,_____34_____beating out“Avengers: Endgame”,a superhero movie by Marvel Studios.In the1960s,China’s animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films_____35_____into the Chinese market,dominating both domestic television and cinema screens.As a result,Chinese animators _____36_____began to work for western studios.However,things changed in2015with the release of“Monkey King: Hero is Back”,a breakthrough for Chinese animation.This film,based on the timeless_____37_____“Journey to the West”,signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry.The main character,the Monkey King,is depicted(刻画)as going through a mid-life crisis,which_____38_____the director’s view that cartoons are not just for children.Light Chaser Animation,a Beijing-based studio,has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China.Its production“30,000Miles from Chang’an”_____39_____elements of Chinese culture,history,and legends with aesthetic(美学的)feeling of Tang dynasty poetry.Indeed,traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations,_____40_____the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation.Like other industries,cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added“Chinese characteristics”.答案：31-35IGBJA36-40CKEDFScience in Image sOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world,but they should be offthe menu for hungry worms --which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat.Nowresearchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use aparticular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫).The mushrooms,which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood,then 31the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most32animals these mushrooms encounter.So I think,33,this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,”says study senior author.The study team of geneticists,biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow34the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells,killing them.This35differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work,the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue,finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up.They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of36compound that disappears into air when disturbed.When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37analyzed the nearby air,they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny,special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface.When nematodes touch the mushrooms,these structures 38their gas,disturbing the worms’cell walls to cause immobility and death.The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study,“we underestimated the 39to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,”notes Nick Talbot,a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich,England.The study demonstrates “a very 40approach,”he adds.“These organisms are really difficult to work on,and Dr.Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”答案：31.B 32.C 33.E 34.G 35.H 36.K 37.J 38.D 39.F 40.IA.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freeze H.mechanism I.novel J.subsequently K.unstable Oyster mushroomOpenAI Unveils A.I.that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping VideosLast April,a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos.The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing.But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly__31__videos sooner.Just10months later,OpenAI has revealed a similar system,Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie.OpenAI is among the many companies__32__to improve this kind of instant video generator.The technology could__33__the work of experienced moviemakers.It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online__34__,making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet.In an interview,the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s__35__.The intention here is to give a(n)__36__of what is likely to happen soon,so that people can see the capabilities of this technology.Like other generative A.I.technologies,OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data—in this case,videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain.OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from,except to say the training included both__37__available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders.The company says little about the data used to train its technologies,most likely because it wants to__38__an advantage over competitors.Sora generates videos in__39__to short descriptions.Though the videos can be impressive,they may include strange and__40__images.The system,for example,recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie—but the cookie never got any smaller.答案：31-40AHJBC FGEIDThe Curious World of BatsNot all bats are unbelievably adorable,like the one below.Many of them have___31___faces and large ears that help them“see”in the dark,using echo location(回声定位).But all bats are,without adoubt,___32___creatures.Scientists are typically reluctant to___33___about bats because they make up sucha large and diverse group of winged animals.With nearly1,500species,bats___34___about one-fifth of all mammal(哺乳动物)species on Earth.But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are,in not-so-scientific terms,very odd.“They break all the___35___,”said Cori Lausen,a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada.Being able to fly is just one of their___36___,since mammals rarely fly.Apart from that,bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows—as slow as one beat per minute.Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep,known as“torpor”,for a few hours a day or even for weeks to___37___energy when it’s cold or food is unavailable.And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies,some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year.For how much energy they need,it’s also surprising that many bat species,including most of those in the US,rely on insects alone for food.They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them.A mom that is___38___a baby can catch more than4,000insects in one night.Oddly,although bats can fly,they can’t easily take off from a(n)___39___position,like most birds and insects do. That’s one reason why they hang upside down—bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling.“For them,it’s not upside down,”Frick said.“It’s flight-side ready!”While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals,scientists are___40___the alarm.In North America,more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline.Climate change,they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction.答案：31-40BDIJK EAFCHWill AI allow humans to play a part?Rebecca used to have a regular job,translating a fashion brand’s website into German.One day a big change happened.The company(31)______to using machine translation.She kept the job,and it still paid the bills;however, she was now there to check and(32)______whatever was produced by the computer.But there was a complaint.“What it meant,(33)______,was that we humans were training a machine,”she says.Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt,each pair of skinny jeans,was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her.With the(34) ______of chat programs that can imitate humans,the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means.What will it do for our jobs if many once(35)______professions—law,accountancy,medicine—disappear?What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most(36)______—intelligence—has become the cheapest product on the planet?Translators,for good and ill,don’t have to wonder.“You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a(37)______of the world,”says Nicki Bone,chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting.Not all of them are adjusting.“Of course,we have our(38)______,”but she adds,“There are also opportunities,and optimists.”The speed of change,though,has been(39)______.Increasingly,says Bone,she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass,rather than translators of the raw material.For some,that’s fine.“People will say,‘OK,instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour,I’m working at many more words per hour,but for a much lower rate.’Some are happy to take on.Some won’t,as a matter of principle.”As we are(40)______at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing,translators are,compared with the rest of the professions,sensitive.Anyway,this technology is here to stay.答案：31~40KJAHI FGDCBA new way to reduce poachingResearchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns（犀牛角）with radioactive material,a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.Poachers（偷猎者）killed394rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year,government data shows,with public and private game__31__lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there.While the toll was a third lower than in2019and the sixth__32__drop,illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about20,000of the animals in the country—the world’s biggest population.Thousands of__33__sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material__34__into the horns,according to James Larkin,a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg,who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security.“A whole new__35__of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,”he said.Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning,dyeing and removing the horns,have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.Known as The Rhisotope Project,the new anti-poaching__36__started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid（氨基酸）into two rhinos’horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the animals’bodies. Also,__37__studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material.Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine,as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer,__38__ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.“If we make it radioactive,these people will be hesitant to buy it,”Larkin said.“We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company,the University of Witwatersrand,scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project.If the method is__39__feasible,it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept,then we will be making this whole idea__40__to whoever wants to use it,”Larkin said.答案：31-35DEKFA36-40IGCJBA.contrastB.instructe dC.concentratingD.potentialE.touchingF.playedG.better H.specialized I.spot J.follow K.tracing Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at PartiesIf you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party,make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.To explore how background music affects the way we 31conversations,researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31individuals aged 21and 33.During the experiment,participants listened to 72minutes of an audiobook (有声读物),which the pair used as a replacement for32on someone talking,while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.For half of the experiment,the participants were asked to focus on 2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man.The rest of the time,they were told to focus on four background songs,which were similarly33for 2minutes at a time.This34in voices aimed to assess participants’ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.During the experiment,all the participants wore35caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains.This 36of electrical activity was the key.It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently theseindividuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when37to do so.The finding revealed that the participants could 38turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.Following the task,the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills,such as the capacity to 39whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same.Notably,those with lower musical scoresdemonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks,suggesting a(n)40link between musical ability and attention management skills.答案：31.J 32.C 33.F 35.H36.K 37.B 38.G 39.I 34.A 40.D上海市浦东新10.2024届区A.backfirepensateC.exten 小猫钓鱼高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十()d D.impressive E.meaningfulF.measureG.needleH.overallI.perceiveJ.punishmentK.typicallyWhy You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose WeightMany of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting(or restarting)exercise regimens(练身计划)in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds.Unquestionably,aiming to be more active is good.But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well__31__.For starters,exercise—at least the kind most of us do—is__32__ineffective for weight loss.Take walking,for example.A150-pound person who walks briskly for30minutes will burn,on average,around140calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.Studies__33__show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for30minutes a day,five days a week—the amount recommended for good health—typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.When moderate exercise is added to diet,the results are equally not__34__.Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.In studies where exercise has produced__35__weight loss,participants burned at least400to500calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that,sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to exert that much effort,our bodies often__36__by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism,effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into__37__.How many times have you heard someone say(or said yourself)“I’ll need to do extra exercise”after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner?The point is that we’re more likely to__38__exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress.Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.Of course,the benefits of physical activity__39__well beyond these.It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases.It can also improve sleep and boost energy.By all means,striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health.But to improve the odds of success,focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally—and forget about how it moves the__40__on the scale.答案：31-35AKHDE36-40BJICGA.empowersB.termedC.interactio nD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingA New Era of Creative PartnershipsIn a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI,researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof.Jacob Sherson,director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence,together with international partners,discuss research and societal(31)______of creativity and AI.The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity,the interaction between humans and machines towards what is(32)______a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面)that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best(33)______each other.Rafner comments:To date,most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer(34) ______and focus on the abilities of the AI,and the interaction design and dynamics.While these(35)______are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法)and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product,there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity(36)______over the past decades in the psychological sciences.“Right now,we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative?One reason for this is that(37)______creativity is not set in stone.When investigating human only,machine only,and human-AI co-creativity,we need to consider the type and level of creativity under(38)______,from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention;(39)______,it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like,what are the similarities and differences in human cognition,behavior,motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能)between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.We,(40)______,don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines,because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear.Looking ahead,researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding,towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.答案：31-35D B A C E36-40G K F H JA.accompaniedB.allowedC.feasiblyD.fueledE.intensityF.optionG.promptingH.routin eI.surgically J.underlying K.variedBrain Signals for Lasting PainBrain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity31patients’lasting pain.That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other32.“We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,”said Prasad Shirvalkar,lead researcher on the project at the University of California.Lasting pain affects nearly28million adults in the UK alone,and the causes are33,ranging from cancer to back problems.That being the case,lasting pain has34a rise in taking powerful painkillers.But no medical treatments work well for the condition,35experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.For the latest study,Shirvalkar and his colleagues36implanted electrodes(电极)into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs.The devices37the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions—the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset.Several times a day,the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the38of pain,meaning how strong the pain was,and then record their brain activity.These scientists,armed with the survey responses and brain recordings,found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical signals in their OFC.“We found very different brain activity 39severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,”said Shirvalkar.The finding may explain,at least in part,why40painkillers are less effective for lasting pain.“The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”答案：31-35JFKDG36-40IBEAHA.conservationB.relocat eC.momentarilyD.programE.criticalF.initiativeG.ensureH.permanentlyI.additionalJ.reserveK.unexpectedA team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga,grantee of The Explorers ClubDiscovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation,discovered three newcryptozoic(living underground)snakes dwelling under graveyards(墓地)and churchesin remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.It was an exploration that led to the most(31)_______of places.First published in the journal,Zookeys,Arteaga and his team named the smallbrown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and(32)_______of remote cloud forests in the tropics.The Discovery Ground Snake(Atractus discovery)was found underground in a small graveyard.Two(33)_______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school.Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to(34)_______to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants(35)_______,a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond.The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures,and(36)_______the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP),a(n)(37)_______seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin,grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin.Through conservation organization Re:wild,the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of(38)_______habitat throughout the world.“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,”says Arteaga.“We have already started the process of establishing a nature(39)_______to protect the ground snakes.This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles,even if it meant (40)_______disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”答案：31-35KAIBF36-40GDEJC。
2019届上海中考英语专题冲刺专题二：小猫钓鱼试卷及答案
2019年中考英语专题冲刺（二）----小猫钓鱼该题型考查学生词汇应用；，题量总共8道，分值8分，每道题一分。
五选四将词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用。
(1)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力以考查动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，也考查连词、介词、短语等；(2)考查词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；(3)逻辑方面考察上下文联系。
高频考查词汇1.判断词性的技巧：a.如何判断需要选择名词：a/an/the+n.,adj.+n.,vt.+n.即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。
Eg:①When a friend stops talking to you for a day or two,your mind will get crazy with the____46_____thatperhaps you did something wrong.(2015普陀区一模)keys:A.thoughts②It will have bad____50_____on you as you start to focus your energy on others but not yourself.(2015普陀区一模)keys: B.effects③Gradually,the talented young man went from being a supporting actor to a__49___movie star.(2015松江区一模)keys:A.successfulb.如何判断需要选择动词：的宾语，空格处应为及物动词；n./pron.vi.adv./prep.即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配；n./pron.link v./be.adj.即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词；to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词Eg:①We want to be well-liked by those around us and not to____49_____any unnecessary trouble.(2015普陀区一模)keys:E.Create②When caring about others’opinions is taking control of your life,maybe it’s time for you to stop and____51_____what you really want and make some changes.(2015普陀区一模)keys: E. Consider③Much of the action48______at the same time----the man in prison running away, the policemen runningafter them and planning to catch them.(2015奉贤区一模)keys: C.took placec.如何判断需要选择形容词：adj.n.或n.adj.即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词；be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。
上海高考英语词汇小猫钓鱼解析
小猫钓鱼从2008年起，词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用（通称小猫钓鱼）。
试卷10道词汇题以10选9的方式分别考察了动词，形容词，名词，副词，还包括现在分词和过去分词的形式。
2014年语法选择取消之后，词汇题增加了一个空，改成了11选10。
通常做题时间不超过12分钟，10分钟之内完成为佳。
1、选词填空的特点1) 文章不会太长(350词左右)；一般来说第一句是文章主题句并且不设空；一般每隔10－30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群。
文章中会挖出十个空，但是给出了十一个单词，让学生选择填空使文章完整，这就是新题型轮廓。
2) 方框中词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读理解难度。
实际上是将词汇的使用和完形阅读紧密结合的一道题目。
【事实上很多同学词汇关过不了，11个词汇有一半以上不认识，这样肯定无法选出正确答案。
但是如果仅有一两个不认识，掌握了一定的技巧，完全可以做到全对。
】2、选词填空的考点1) 词汇方面以实词为主也就是指名词、动词、形容词、副词。
2) 语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力。
3) 逻辑方面考察上下文联系3、解题点拨：1) 最关键的是要改变孤立的记忆单词的不良学法，做到词不离句，句不离篇，做到词汇的情景使用。
页脚内容12) 不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文衔接和本句的语法结构，因为选一个就少一个，一发而动全身。
3) 要专门记忆些高难词汇，也就是拼写很长词汇，比如：prohibited, withdraw, delicately之类。
4) 要想到这些词汇是不是有些固定用法。
★第一步：略读全文，定中心考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的问题。
文章大概在220词--250词左右，用1分钟左右的时间略读即可。
要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。
和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。
上海高考英语词汇小猫钓鱼解析(可打印修改)
小猫钓鱼从2008年起，词汇的考查放在了语篇中，着重强调语法和词汇知识在特定情景中的应用（通称小猫钓鱼）。
试卷10道词汇题以10选9的方式分别考察了动词，形容词，名词，副词，还包括现在分词和过去分词的形式。
2014年语法选择取消之后，词汇题增加了一个空，改成了11选10。
通常做题时间不超过12分钟，10分钟之内完成为佳。
题型特征1、选词填空的特点1)文章不会太长(350词左右)；一般来说第一句是文章主题句并且不设空；一般每隔10－30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群。
文章中会挖出十个空，但是给出了十一个单词，让学生选择填空使文章完整，这就是新题型轮廓。
2)方框中词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读理解难度。
实际上是将词汇的使用和完形阅读紧密结合的一道题目。
【事实上很多同学词汇关过不了，11个词汇有一半以上不认识，这样肯定无法选出正确答案。
但是如果仅有一两个不认识，掌握了一定的技巧，完全可以做到全对。
】2、选词填空的考点1) 词汇方面以实词为主也就是指名词、动词、形容词、副词。
2) 语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力。
3) 逻辑方面考察上下文联系3、解题点拨：1)最关键的是要改变孤立的记忆单词的不良学法，做到词不离句，句不离篇，做到词汇的情景使用。
2)不要孤立的看文章，一定注意句子的上下文衔接和本句的语法结构，因为选一个就少一个，一发而动全身。
3) 要专门记忆些高难词汇，也就是拼写很长词汇，比如：prohibited, withdraw, delicately之类。
4) 要想到这些词汇是不是有些固定用法。
解题步骤★第一步：略读全文，定中心考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的问题。
文章大概在220词--250词左右，用1分钟左右的时间略读即可。
要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。
和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。
2021年上海高中英语 小猫钓鱼100篇：第67篇
【词汇讲解】 1. deteriorate v. to become worse 恶化，变坏 例： She was taken into hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated. 她是在上周病情突然恶化时被送进医院的。 2. complementary adj. useful or attractive together 补充的；互补的；补足的 例： complementary colours/flavours/skills 互补色／风味／技能 My family and my job both play an important part in my life, fulfilling separate but complementary needs. 家庭和工作都是我生活中重要的组成部分，它们互为补充，满足我不同的需要。 3. chronic adj. (especially of a disease or something bad) continuing for a long time （尤指疾病或不好的事物）慢性的，长期的 例： chronic diseases/conditions 慢性病 chronic arthritis/pain 慢性关节炎／长期的疼痛 4. fatigue n. extreme tiredness 疲惫，劳累 例： She was suffering from fatigue. 她劳累不堪。 5. vegan n. a person who does not eat or use any animal products, such as meat, fish, eggs, cheese, or leather 严格素食主义者（不食用或不使用任何动物产品） 例： Vegans get all the protein they need from nuts, seeds, and cereals. 严格的素食主义者从坚果、瓜籽和谷物中获得他们所需的全部蛋白质。
高中英语外刊--高一下小猫钓鱼语篇精选112篇(学生版)-尖子生必备
高一下小猫钓鱼语篇精选112篇（学生版）A. roughlyB. consultingC. addingD. qualificationsE. setbacksF. particularlyG. belongingH. postponingI. perspectiveJ. respondentsK. recordShen Y u recently resigned from the kindergarten where she worked for two months, waving goodbye to her first job after graduating from university last year and knowing she would suffer (1) looking for a job again.“The 3,000 yuan ($471) monthly salary didn’t pay me back for my years of study, and I didn’t get a sense of (2) from the job,” said the 23-year-old Shanghai native, who has a bachelor’s degree in financial management. Shen is among the (3) 8 percent—or 600,000—of last year’s college graduates who have failed to find a job. Apart from some who opted to study abroad, the rest were (4) a job, according to the 2015 annual report on Chinese college graduates’ employment released by MyCOS, an education data and (5) company. The data was collected in the second half of last year.“Seen from the (6) of the current job-hunting season, the proportion of those who decided to delay the working world may be a little higher,” said Zhou Haiwang, deputy director of the Institute of Urban and Population Development Studies at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, (7) that the number of this group has been increasing in recent years. According to an online poll conducted by Jiefang Daily, more than 70 percent of (8) have relatives or friends who put off work after graduation, taking time to look for ideal jobs or mulling entrepreneurial plans. A total of 1,000 Shanghai residents participated in the poll .Unemployed young people nowadays have higher education (9) and longer periods of unemployment, according to Ying Hongqing, deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau. The number of college graduates has continued to climb for the past 15 years, and reached a (10) 7.49 million this year. This year’s job-hunting season saw 220,000 more graduates than the previous year, but slowing economic growth means diminished recruitment by companies.A well-established distinction in memory theory..A. comfortableB. attemptC. involvesD. negotiateE. impulsesF. differentlyG. testH. ceasesI. experiencesJ. apparentlyK. normalA well-established distinction in memory theory is that between short-term and long-term memory. The former refers to our ability to do such things as remember telephone numbers long enough to dial them; the latter concerns the wide range of ways in which (1) can affect behavior many years later. Given the two different kinds of ability, it is reasonable to hypothesize (猜测) that each is represented (2) in the brain. An experiment was designed to (3) the hypothesis that long-term memory implies a chemical change in the brain cells while short-term memory (4) patterns of impulses in circuits of nerve cells.One group of rats was taught to run through a maze (迷宫). Five minutes after learning the task, they were cooled to 50℃, the temperature at which all electrical activity in the brain (5) They were then kept at this temperature for 15 minutes before being allowed to return to their (6) temperature. They were then run through the maze again. A second group of rats were taught to run the same maze, and then immediately cooled to 50℃for 15 minutes. After being allowed to return to their normal temperature, a/an (7) was made to run the second group through the maze again. It was found that rats in the first group had no difficulty with the maze the second time, suggesting that they did not have to relearn the task. Rats in the group which was cooled immediately after learning the maze, on the other hand, could not (8) the maze successfully, i.e., they (9) could not remember what they had learned. It was concluded from this experiment that short-term memory is unlike long-term memory. Short-term memory involves electrical (10) since at a temperature where electrical activity ceases, there is no memory. Long-term memory, in contrast, is unaffected by the disruption of electrical activity and may involve structural changes in brain cells.Bottled water seems like a harmless and convenient..A. boiledB. particularC. influenceD. potentiallyE. processF. flexibleG. convincedH. storedI. amountsJ. availableK. dangerouslyBottled water seems like a harmless and convenient product of today’s world. However, the truth is that the results of bottling water aren’t all good. Bottled water advertisements have people (1) that bottled water is healthier than tap water. However, in most cases, it isn’t. Bottled water is (2) for long periods of time at warm temperatures. As bottles age, the chemical used to make plastic (3) gets into the water. Microorganisms can also grow in thisenvironment at high rates. Health officials are particularly concerned about how these effects(4) children, the elderly, and other weak individuals. In fact, they say that infants in(5) should never be given bottled water unless it is (6) first. Furthermore, some bottled water companies actually use the same tap water or well water that is (7) to the general public. A few companies have been found using water sources (8) close to poisonous sites. Environmentalists have even more concerns. Millions of barrels of oil are used in the production, transportation, and storage of bottled water. This places a strain on limited natural resources and creates vast (9) of greenhouse gases. Additionally, a single plastic bottle can take over 1,000 years to break down. Before you buy your next bottle of water, remember that the (10) that produces it is often expensive, unhealthy, and bad for the environment. Then, ask yourself if that’s something you really want to buy.Chinese online video websites used to operate..A. trulyB. toleratesC. netD. airsE. originalF. appealG. owe H. assumed I. quickly J. attracted K. popularityChinese online video websites used to operate as supplementary broadcast platforms for TV stations. But now (1) programs independently produced by some major video sites have achieved unparalleled success. Domestic superhero parody film Jian Bing Man has just become the sixth Chinese film in history to (2) more than 1 billion yuan at the box office. This is largely due to the success of online mini-series Diors Man, which (3) on Sohu and was created by Dong Chengpeng, who directs and is the leading actor in both the series and film. Since the show went online in 2012, Dong’s funny satirical style has quickly (4) a large group of followers to the show. The film gives diehard fans a chance to show their support for Dong. As an Internet catchphrase goes, “We (5) Dong a film ticket.” Besides taste-tailored storytelling, online platforms have another (6) They’re inclusive. Talk shows, debate programs, reality TV—any format that sells can be put online. “The Internet is a more open platform. It doesn’t draw conclusions, nor does it try to educate. It (7) different voices,” Jiang Bin, general manager of iQiyi’s program development center, told China Daily about the (8) of self-made programs such as the website’s talk show Morning Call. The year 2014 was called “the first year of the era of online shows.” But back then many (9) online shows only starred new faces and looked about as cheap as their budgets. But now all these preconceptions are being shattered. 2015 is (10) giving Web series a shiny new coat of paint.The Case of the Bone Marrow Buyer..A. painfulB. seeminglyC. regeneratesD. positionE. prayingF. disorderG. immediateH. procedureI. typicallyJ. prohibitedK. challengeThe Case of the Bone Marrow BuyerAll Doreen Gummoe could do was hope. Her daughter Jordan Flynn had been born with Fanconi anemia, a rare inherited blood (1) that destroys bone marrow and makes sufferers highly susceptible to cancer. In spring 2012, when Jordan was 14, doctors found preleukemia cells in her blood. Without a(n) (2) bone marrow transplant, she would likely die within months.(3) , siblings are the most viable donors, but Jordan’s brothers weren’t matches. In 2005, Gummoe had given birth to twin girls, Julia and Jorja, who also have Fanconi anemia. Someday, they will likely each need transplants as well. Gummoe, who lives in Lewiston, Maine, turned to the National Marrow Donor Program’s registry, (4) to find a willing donor for Jordan in the 2 percent of people who are registered. Sometimes a donor isn’t willing to undergo the (5) even if he or she is a match. Years ago, transplants required a (6) biopsy in the pelvic bone. Today, the method, apheresis, involves connecting donors to a machine that draws blood, harvests stem cells, and returns the blood, which naturally (7) the stem cells that have been removed.“If there were compensation (补偿) for bone marrow donors, that might put more people in the registry,” says Gummoe. “There’d be a better chance of finding a donor.” However, according to 1984’s National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA), buying and selling organs, including bone marrow, is illegal. So in 2009—two and a half years before Jordan would need her transplant—Gummoe became the lead plaintiff in a lawsuit filed against the U.S. attorney general to (8) the law.“It’s legal for people to pay for blood, sperm, and eggs,” argues Jeff Rowes, attorney for Institute for Justice, the nonprofit, public-interest law firm that filed the suit. “Plus, it’s crazy to lump in bone marrow with solid organs, like kidneys, that a donor can’t grow back.”The government responded that “statute (法律) plainly classifies ‘bone marrow’ as an organ for which compensation is (9) .” Furthermore, by enacting NOTA into law, Congress took the (10) that “human body parts should not be viewed as commodities.”Would you believe that drinking water is one of the most healing things…A. necessarilyB. claimsC. functioningD. measuresE. averageF. consumptionG. botheringH. obviously I . addition J. questionable K. raiseWould you believe that drinking water is one of the most healing things you can do for your body? It’s true as long as it is pure, alkaline（碱性的）water. Yet most water is acidic. Water that (1) less than 7 on the PH scale is acidic. Water that is higher than 7 is alkaline. To support life, water needs to be on the alkaline side of the range, much like our bodies. Drinking pure, alkaline water is important to great health. I believe that most of the disease (2) people in the Western world couldn’t occur in a PH-balanced body. Most tap water is highly acidic due to the (3) of various chemicals. Don’t assume that bottled water is (4) a better choice than tap water. Most bottled water is of (5) quality and largely made up of tap water plus the off-gassing of chemicals from the plastic in which it is stored. Most bottled water is extremely acidic, making it harmful to your health and the health of the planet, too. Water filtration（过滤）is a necessary part of our modern life. There are many water filtration systems that get rid of some of the harmful chemicals, but few systems that also (6) the PH of water to increase its healing powers. Every company (7) that its systems are the best. I’ve spent some time trying to find affordable water filtration systems. Every cell in your body depends on enough water to ensure proper (8) It’s important to drink between 12 and 20 cups of alkaline water each day. Every person has individual needs but if you are smaller than (9) and in excellent health, your water needs will obviously be lower than someone who is fat and in poor health. As your health problems improve and you lose any extra weight, you can reduce your water (10) to 12 cups each day.Among the note-taking forms in today’s US schools..A. complicatedB. suitableC. understandD. regularlyE. instantF. accessG. divideH. normallyI. obtainJ. symbolsK. referAmong the note-taking forms in today’s US schools, the Cornell method is widely recommended. Providing a form for concentrating and organizing notes, the Cornell method sets up a system to direct students to (1) the paper into two columns. The note-taking column, which isusually on the right, is twice the size of the key word column on the left. The student should leave five to seven lines blank, at the bottom of the page. Notes from a lecture or teaching occupy the note-taking column which (2) contain the main ideas of the textbook or lecture. Most (3) ideas and long sentences are avoided while (4) or abbreviations（缩写）are preferred instead. To assist with future reviews, (5) thoughts or questions should be noted down as soon as possible so that the students may (6) to these points for reflection or further research. The key-word column is a(n) (7) place to note down these ideas. These ideas may later turn into potential research results as students are always encouraged to reflect on the notes (8) or go deep into the questions further. Within 24 hours after the note-taking, the student must revise and then produce a short summary in the bottom space. Such move helps him to (9) the topic better. When preparing for a test, the student has (10) to a brief but detailed record of the previous classes.A. basicB. applicantsC. extraordinaryD. distinguishE. privateF. contributeG. exposeH. shiftedI. challengesJ. specialtyK. favoredMany of us grow up dreaming of becoming an astronaut. Ever wonder what it takes to be one? Take NASA for example.In order to catch NASA’s eye, would-be astronauts must not only stand out in required skills and pass physical and psychological exams, but also find unique ways to (1) themselves from the harsh competition. NASA’s requirements for becoming an astronaut have changed over the years. Originally, it (2) candidates with a military flight background, with at least 1,000 hours spent in command of a jet aircraft. In 1978, however, NASA (3) its focus to a more varied group of astronauts: scientists and engineers with at least three years of experience in their respective fields. During the years of shuttle missions, everyone had a (4) some would focus on robotics, others on spacewalks or maintenance. To work on the space station, astronauts must be able to perform all tasks, which encourage (5) to acquire different experiences. Jeanette Epps, an astronaut, studied aerospace engineering, worked at Ford Motor Company and took a job with the CIA before joining NASA. She says astronauts’ varied backgrounds (6) to their ability to adapt and learn anything quickly. After ensuring that candidates are U.S. citizens and that they satisfy (7) education and experience requirements, the selection committee enters a gray area. “We’re not really looking for one thing, just a good mix of things,” said Duane Ross, the manager for astronaut candidate selection and training. To the committee, candidates who take on (8) outside of the workplacedemonstrate curiosity and energy. Many astronauts who don’t have a military background do hold a(n) (9) piloting license. Some are enthusiastic mountain climbers, scuba divers or skiers. Others are musicians, dancers, or play competitive sports. Choosing to (10) themselves to different, extreme environments counts as another way to stand out from the crowd.A. reassuresB. wellC. distinguishD. encounterE. objectsF. inoffensiveG. revealsH. afterwardsI. implicationJ. genuineK. unpleasantTelling Tales“Here’s a nice bit of gossip!” Do I have your attention? Probably. We listen, but (1) we often feel terrible with ourselves. That’s the problem with gossip: it’s something that as a social species we are primed to enjoy, but it can also be (2) and harmful. Not all gossip is bad. Small talk establishes relationships and (3) the other person that our intentions are friendly. So gossip, in the sense of exchanging bits and pieces of news about ourselves and others, can be perfectly (4) If I say to you, “Let’s meet for coffee and have a bit of a gossip,” I’m inviting you to a social (5) in which two people chew the fat. There is nothing wrong with that: life would be very dull if we were unable to talk about what goes on around us. But it’s not that simple. If we say that somebody is a gossip, we do not mean that he or she enjoys gentle social chat: it carries a crueler (6) A true gossip enjoys spreading stories about other people --- stories in which others do not usually come out (7) The gossip is one who spreads bad gossip; good gossip is still fine, but it’s not what gossips spread. The distinction between good and bad gossip is not always clear. It would be easy if we could (8) the two by saying that bad gossip is just about people; but innocent gossip may be about people too. The best way to tell the difference is to look at the intention behind the remarks. Bad gossip (9) itself in its desire to make the (10) of the story look foolish. It also intrudes on their privacy. So we all know the difference. Now then, did you hear about ...A. calmingB. regularC. doableD. electronicsE. fuelF. hookG. incredibly H. maintain I. mindlessly J. treat K. weaponsHere are four simple, healthy and, dare we say, fun ways to help you slim down and stay healthy. Have your cake …for breakfast Aside from being depressing, the way to (1) weight loss isn’t by feeling deprived. Scientists say that people who started off the day with a (2) felt fuller and more satisfied, and that led to their sticking with the program as the day went on. Being hungry is no way to start your day, so (3) up with protein and a mouthful of something sweet. And most of all, enjoy! Sleep your way to weight loss Dr. Andrew Calvin, one expert of Mayo Clinic study, is quoted as saying, “If individuals are seeking to maintain a healthy weight or to lose weight, they should seek to get enough sleep on a (4) basis.”If you find it tricky to wind down at night, turn off the (5) and engage in relaxing activities, like taking a bath or listening to (6) music. Journal to drop pounds The best (7) for a dieter? Pen and paper! Women who wrote down everything they ate lost more weight than those who didn’t track their food intake. Journaling makes you accountable and more aware of what you’re eating, so it makes sense that it’ll keep you from (8) chewing if you aren’t actually hungry.Even a tiny bit of exercise helps your health Even 20 to 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the weeks (broken up into smaller chunks is fine) reduces your risk for all sorts of physical ills. And even 20 minutes a week can improve your mood. That really stuck with me. It’s easy to criticize ourselves or burn out if we make goals that are (9) hard to achieve, but walking a few times a week is (10) – and meaningful, too.A. dipB. commonC. desiredD. additionE. embarrassingF. carefullyG. muddyH. fedI. accessJ. raisingK. benefitDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Ducks offer certain advantages over hens. Ducks are immune to some (1) diseases found in hens. Some breeds of duck produce bigger eggs than hens. In (2) ducks lay eggs over a longer season than hens do. Poultry (禽类) keepers with gardens have less to worry about if they keep ducks rather than hens because the former are unlikely to dig up plants and destroy roots. While both hens and ducks (3) the garden by eating pests, hens are known to damage grass beds. Ducks, on the other hand, will search for insects more (4) Only very delicate plants are at risk from the broad, webbed feet of ducks .Like all water birds, ducks need (5) to water, and duck keepers typically provide this by building a pond. Something this large is not absolutely necessary,however, ducks need only to be able to (6) their heads in the water to keep their nose clean. If a pond is provided, though, it is important to keep baby ducks away from it until they are old enough to put up with the cool temperature of the water. When (7) ducks, one has to consider just how many the land will support. The rule is generally about 100 ducks per acre. If more than this proportion is introduced, there is a risk of pressing the soil, which can lead to (8) conditions for long periods as the rain is not easily absorbed into the ground. While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given a greater quantity of food, especially if regular eggs are (9) An adult duck will eat between 170 to 200 grams of food a day. If the ducks live near grass and a pond, they will be able to find for themselves approximately 70% of their daily dietary requirements in warmer months but less than half that in colder times. Therefore, it is important that they be (10) on enough food, such as grain, every day.A. relationshipB. principalC. issuingD. restedE. accustomedF. composedG. matchingH. arrangementI. principleJ. accompaniedK. importanceThe silent film era lasted from 1895 to 1936. Though we are (1) to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent,” the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as a necessary accompaniment (伴奏). When the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were (2) by piano on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special (3) to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the disharmony of playing lively music to a serious film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in (4) their pieces to the mood of the film.As movie theaters grew in number and (5) a violinist would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras (管弦乐队) were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program (6) entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the (7) qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown (if indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then), the musical (8) was normally improvised (临时准备) in the greatest hurry. To help overcome this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishing su gestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909, for example, the Edison Company began (9) their films with such indications of mood as “pleasant,” “sad” and “lively.” The suggestions became clearer, and so appeared the musical sheetcontaining indications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next. Certain films had music especially (10) for them. The most famous of these early special scores (乐谱) was that composed and arranged for D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation which was shown in 1915.A. efficientlyB. stillC. equallyD. balanceE. dragF. angleG. makeH. physicallyI. approachJ. positionK. allowWe need more men in our hospital, not as doctors, but as nurses. Over the last few years, I have found that having male nurses is a real bonus, and they definitely have a place in our hospital. There are several reasons for wanting male nurses here, not only because half the population in our country is male. Men (1) excellent carers and are (2) good at taking care of others. In fact, many men take good care of their children, wives, parents, sisters, brothers, and even their nieces and nephews. Another reason that men can become great nurses is that in general, men are (3) stronger than women. Male nurses can help (4) heavy objects, or if, for example, a patient cannot move from the waist down, male nurses can help move the patient into a comfortable (5) Also, male nurses can be a great help in keeping patients (6) while they receive painful treatment, such as when bandages covering wounds are changed. Another advantage to having male nurses is that they see things from a different (7) from women and bring a male way of thinking to problem-solving. This allows the hospital to work more effectively than if we only (8) problems one way. Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, which helps patients recover faster. Currently, only 7 percent of our nursing staff are men; this number is far too low, and the problem requires correction. Having more male nurses will help create a positive (9) between male and female staff, and it will (10) patients the choice of a male or female carer. I am determined to take on more male nurses here at Central Hospital. I will be organizing an open day soon to allow interested young men to visit our hospital and find out more about nursing. Hopefully, we will have more male nurses in our hospital soon!A. alarmingB. normalC. roughlyD. expandE. restoredF. contributingG. damagedH. exactlyI. sweepJ. doubtK. recoverySea ice off Antarctica and in the Arctic is at record lows for this time of year after declining by twice the size of Alaska in a sign of rising global temperatures, climate scientists say. Against a trend of global warming and a steady retreat of ice at earth’s northern tip, ice floating on the Southern Ocean off Antarctica has tended to (1) in recent years. But now it is shrinking at both ends of the planet, a development (2) scientists and to which a build-up of man-made greenhouse gases, an El Nino weather event that this year unlocked heat from the Pacific Ocean, and freak natural swings, may all be (3) “There are some really crazy things going on,” said Mark Serreze, director of the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado, saying temperatures in parts of the Arctic were 20 degrees Celsius (36°F) above (4) some days in November. Worldwide, this year is on track to be the warmest on record. Combined, the extent of polar sea ice on Dec. 4 was about 3.84 million square kilometers (1.48 million square miles) below the 1981-2010 average, according to NSIDC satellite measurements. That is (5) the size of India, or two Alaskas. Antarctica’s expanding sea ice in many recent years has been a big theme for those who (6) global warming is man-made. John Turner of the British Antarctic Survey said chilly westerly winds that (7) around the continent, perhaps insulating it from the effects of global warming, were the weakest for November in two decades. That may have let more heat seep (热渗透) south, he said .A (8) of the high-altitude ozone layer over Antarctica, which led to cooler air over the continent when it was (9) by now-banned industrial chemicals, may also be a factor. But Turner said it was hard to pinpoint (10) what was happening. “When we began getting satellite data from 1979 the sea ice started to decrease. Everyone said it was global warming ... but then it started to increase again,” he said.A. doubleB. intenseC. PressuresD. StockE. AgricultureF. TrappedG. WithdrawalH. AvailabilityI. driveJ. ExpandingK. risingThroughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more (1) will these conflicts be when people fight over the Earth’s most indispensable resource—water? We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the (2) of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct. Less than three percent of the planet’s (3) is fresh water, and almost two-。
高中英语外刊--小猫钓鱼(解析版)-尖子生必备 (2)
小猫钓鱼A. platformB. compareC. involvingD. self-promotionalE. internationallyF. agedG. conductedH. observation I engaging J signal K. dissatisfiedWitnessing friends' vacations, love lives and work successes on Facebook can cause envy and trigger feelings of misery and loneliness, according to German researchers.A study (1) jointly by two German universities found widespread envy on Facebook, the world's largest social network that now has over one billion users and the biggest (2) for social comparison.The researchers found that one in three people felt (3) with their lives after visiting the site."We were surprised by how many people have a negative experience from Facebook," researcher Hanna Krasnova told the reporters."From our (4) vacation photos were the biggest cause of envy. Social interaction was the second most common one as users could (5) how many "likes" or comments they received with those of their friends.”They also found that people (6) in their mid-30s were most likely to envy others. These feelings of envy were found to make some users boast about their achievements on Facebook. Men were shown to post more (7) content on Facebook to let people know about their accomplishments while women stressed their good looks and social lives.The researchers based their findings on two studies (8) 600 people. They said the respondents in both studies were German but they expected the findings to hold (9) as envy is a universal feeling and possibly impact Facebook usage."Our findings (10) that users frequently see Facebook as a stressful environment, which may, in the long-run, endanger platform sustainability(持续发展)," the researchers concluded.【参考答案与解题思路】■1.G考查点是动词conduct解析：本题答案是conducted，考查固定搭配conduct a study，另外，根据句子成分分析，答案需要分词做后置定语，所以此处填conducted。
高中英语外刊--小猫钓鱼43篇(学生版)-尖子生必备
小猫钓鱼A. platformB. compareC. involvingD. self-promotionalE. internationallyF. agedG. conductedH. observation I engaging J signal K. dissatisfiedWitnessing friends' vacations, love lives and work successes on Facebook can cause envy and trigger feelings of misery and loneliness, according to German researchers.A study (1) jointly by two German universities found widespread envy on Facebook, the world's largest social network that now has over one billion users and the biggest (2) for social comparison.The researchers found that one in three people felt (3) with their lives after visiting the site."We were surprised by how many people have a negative experience from Facebook," researcher Hanna Krasnova told the reporters."From our (4) vacation photos were the biggest cause of envy. Social interaction was the second most common one as users could (5) h ow many "likes" or comments they received with those of their friends.”They also found that people (6) in their mid-30s were most likely to envy others. These feelings of envy were found to make some users boast about their achievements on Facebook. Men were shown to post more (7) content on Facebook to let people know about their accomplishments while women stressed their good looks and social lives.The researchers based their findings on two studies (8) 600 people. They said the respondents in both studies were German but they expected the findings to hold (9) as envy is a universal feeling and possibly impact Facebook usage."Our findings (10) that users frequently see Facebook as a stressful environment, which may, in the long-run, endanger platform sustainability(持续发展)," the researchers concluded.To Pan Yuwei, the novels on her smartphone make her daily (1) a pleasure. But these aren’t normal stories. The 21-year-old student is one of more than 300 million readers of Chinese online literature. Mostly under 30, they favor (2) like romance, wuxia (stories about heroes and martial arts) and science fiction.And the market is only going to get bigger. It has grown by more than 20 percent annually since 2012 to nine billion yuan. Tencent’s China Literature, the country’s largest online publishing company, is trying to go public（上市）, raising as much as $800 billion for potential service expansion.But how did Chinese-online literature become so popular? Shao Yanjun, a professor at Peking University’s Chinese department, shares his understanding. He said one of the reasons is that Chinese online literature provides a (3) of pure internet culture. Writers create content online; platforms publish novels online; fans gather, read and share stories online.Anotherr (4) feature of Chinese online literature lies in its interactive reading experience. Writers often publish their work chapter by chapter. Sometimes, they develop stories based on suggestions from readers. Pan, the student, remembers a time when many readers wanted two characters in a novel to become romantically (5) The writer finally wrote it into the story. “I turn to Kindle for serious books. For fun and freedom, I go to Chinese online literature,” said Pan. “When reading on Kindle and other traditional platforms, you are facing a single (6)When reading Chinese online novels, you join a big community.”Chinese online literature has been popular for a while but only recently did it become profitable. It all began when , a brand under China Literature’s wing today, brought in the country’s first online reading payment system. Under the system, readers pay to become VIPs and (7) the newest chapters. Part of the profit goes to the writers. This positively affects the quality of writing, said Prof. Shao.Now, Chinese online literature is going (8) The overseas market has (9) since 2015, mainly led by two translated websites, Wuxia World and Gravity Tales. The number of monthly active users has climbed to four million. Readers are from more than 100 countries, with North Americans (10) for one-third of the total.The success does much to contribute to China’s self-confidence abroad. “America has Hollywood; Japan has animation; Korea has TV drama,” said Prof. Shao. “In the future, China will have online novels.”All Alice Waters wanted was breadA. revolutionB. forceC. sparkingD. criticsE. struckF. organicG. finances H. dedication I. committing J. Flavor K. contentAll Alice Waters wanted was bread, jam and lettuce that tasted real, with a cup of good coffee or a glass of wine on the side. The founder of Chez Panisse, th e California restaurant famous for launching the farm-to-table movement, certainly didn’t plan to start a (1)Returning to the United States in 1965 after studying in France, Waters missed the delicious food and community of the little cafes where she spent most of her time. “ The United States was a land of frozen food, so eating even just fresh bread and jam was a revelation to me,” says Waters. “ And spending time in restaurants with friends…it was very important to me.”One day, an idea (2) Waters that maybe her cooking and sense of community could help her make some money. Believing they could do anything, she and a group of friends raised money, found a house in Berkeley and opened a little restaurant called Chez Panisse in 1971. Most ingredients Waters could find were from industrial farms. They tasted totally different from the ones her parents planted during World War II and the ones she had enjoyed in France. Thus, she began a search for suppliers who would grow good ingredients.“I was looking for taste. And I couldn’t find taste until I met the local (3) farmers who were growing vegetables for (4) ” Waters recalls. “ I realized that I would be dependent on them for the success of my restaurant.”At first, the (5) were a disaster. If any of the ingredients didn’t taste right, chefs threw them out. Staff had to taste the wine to sell it. That meant thousands of dollars of winedisappeared on a regular basis. People who offered ingredients were given meals in trade.But Chez Panisse had lines out of the front door from the very first night. Waters’ sense of taste and her (6) to making the best food possible kept people coming back. It didn’t take long for Chez Panisse to catch the attention of foodies. Throughout its existence, the restaurant has earned the highest praise of many (7) It has sometimes been called the best restaurant in America.Now 72, Waters is not (8) with staying at home and cooking in her kitchen. Last September, she flew to Washington, D.C., to meet members of Congress to discuss the benefits of free lunch for all schoolchildren.Many people have called Waters unrealistic over the course of her 45-year fight for good food. Nevertheless, her single-mindedness ended up (9) a farm-to-table movement. “ She didn’t start Chez Panisse to change the world,” said Marion Nestle, a New York University nutrition professor. “ But what she did was absolutely revolutionary. She’s a (10) and deserves every bit of recognition that comes her way.”Scientists Advise Low-Salt Diet Not for EveryoneA. targetedB. questionsC. abnormallyD. concernedE. offsetsF. outletG. intakeH. correctlyI. contraryJ. recommendedK. moderationLow-salt diets are actually harmful to our bodies, a recent study found. These diets may actually increase the risk of developing heart disease, or even cause death. These findings, says WebMD, a public health website, are (1) to the popular wisdom that has long said low-salt diets are healthy.Scientists at McMaster University's Population Health Research Institute, working with researchers from Hamilton Health Services, conducted the study. They examined medical information about 130,000 people from 49 countries. The scientists, led by Andrew Mente of McMaster University, wanted to find out if the relationship between salt, strokes and heart disease is different for those who have high blood pressure. They found that no matter whether one has high blood pressure or not, low sodium (2) increased the risk of stroke, heart attack and death.The study goes on to suggest that only certain people should be (3) about reducing sodium in their diets. "The findings ... emphasize the importance of reducing salt intake among people with hypertension and who eat food with high levels of sodium," Mente said. McMaster University's Martin O'Donnell, the study's co-author, said in a press release in May 2016, "This study adds to our understanding of the relationship between salt intake and health. The study also (4) the correctness of present guidelines that recommend low salt intake foreveryone."He noted, "An approach that recommends salt in (5) particularly focused on those with hypertension, appears more in-line with current evidence." Mente added that the current general recommendations relating to the maximum healthy salt intake seems too low, especially since they do not consider an individual's blood pressure."Low sodium intake reduces blood pressure modestly, compared to average intake, but low sodium intake also has other effects." "One of those effects includes harmful elevation of particular hormones - and this (6) any benefits. The main issue is not whether very low sodium intake lowers blood pressure, but whether it results in improved health," Mente said. In the McMaster University study, the researchers found that only around 10% of people had high levels of both hypertension and sodium consumption. In general, health experts consider a high level of sodium consumption to be over 6 grams daily. Mente pointed out that this indicates that many people around the world are taking in healthy amounts of salt. He also said that efforts should be (7) at reducing salt intake among the people who are most likely to get hypertension and who take in high amounts of salt. Mente does not agree with the current strategy of reducing sodium intake in almost all countries. However, he would accept efforts to reduce salt intake in some areas, such as China or Central Asia, where the average salt consumption is (8) high.At present, Canadians normally consume about 4 grams of sodium daily. But there are recommendations that they should lower this amount to less than 2.3 grams each day. U.S. guidelines for sodium intake are for people under 50 to have less than 2.3 grams a day. For those over 51 and persons of any age who are African American or have hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease, the U.S. guidelines suggest having less than 1.5 grams a day.In Kenya, the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation recommends general reduction of salt intake to levels below 5 grams as (9) by the World Health Organization. This is as a measure to reduce the risk of hypertension and other non-communicable diseases. Less than 5% of people in the world consume such low levels of sodium. Kenyans are the lowest consumers of salt, averaging 4 grams a day. The WebMD report says Elliott Antman, past president of the American Heart Association (AHA) criticized Mente's study. Antman says the study does not (10) measure sodium intake, and it should not make Americans stop worrying about salt. The American Heart Association continues to recommend less than 1.5 grams of sodium per day from all sources," he said. Most Americans get more than 3.4 grams of sodium a day.Always changingA. comfortB. creditC. principleD. changeE. survivabilityF. terrificG. organize H. combining I. comfortable J. determine K. chanceDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Please excuse me if I'm a little pensive today. Mark is leaving, and I'm feeling kind of sad. You probably don't know Mark, but you might be lucky enough to know someone just like him. He's been the heart and soul of the office for a couple of year (1) exemplary professional skills with a sweet nature and gentle disposition. He's never been all that interested in getting (2)for the terrific work he does. He just wants to do his job, and to do it superbly well.And now he's moving on to an exciting new professional opportunity. It sounds like it could be the (3) of a lifetime, and we're genuinely, sincerely pleased for him. But that doesn't make it any easier to say goodbye to a dear friend and trusted colleague.Life has a way of throwing these curve balls at us. Just when we start to get (4) with a person, a place or a situation, something comes along to alter the recipe. A (5) neighbor moves away. Someone in the family graduates.A child finds new love and loyalties through marriage. The family's principle bread-winner is laid off.Our ability to cope with change and disruption (6) to a great degree, our peace, happiness and contentment in life. But how do we do that? Philosophers have considered the question for centuries and their responses have been varied. According to the author of the Biblical book of Ecclesiastes (7) can be found in remembering that “to everything there is a season, and a time to every purpose under heaven.” Kahlil Gibran urged his listeners to “let today embrace the past with remembrance, and the future with longing.”A friend of mine who works for the government is fond of reminding his fellow bureaucrats that “ (8) depends upon adaptability.” And then there's Chris the California surf-rat, who once told me that the answer to life's problems can be summed up in four words: “Go with the flow.” “It's like surfing,” Chris explained. “You can't the (9) ocean. Waves just happen. You ride 'em where they take you, then you paddle back out there and catch the next one. Sure, you're always hoping for the perfect wave where you can get, like, you know, totally tubular. But mostly you just take 'em the way they come. It's not like you're trying to nail Jell-O to a tree, you know?” I'm not exactly sure, but I think Chris was saying that life is a series of events—both good and bad. No matter how deft your organizational skill there will always be life-influencing factors over which you have no control. The truly successful person expects the unexpected, and is prepared to make adjustments should the need arise—as it almost always does.That doesn't mean you don't keep trying to make all your dreams come true. It just means that when things come up that aren't exactly in your plan, you work around them—and then you move on. Of course, some bumps along the road of life are easier to take than others. A rained-out picnic, for example, is easier to cope with than the sudden death of a loved one. But the (10) is the same.“Change, indeed, is painful, yet ever needful,” said philosopher Thomas Carlyle. “And if memory has its force and worth, so also has hope.” We're going to miss Mark, just like you'll miss that graduate, that neighbor or that newly-wed. But rather than dwell on the sadness of our parting, we'll focus on our hopes for a brighter future—for him, and for us. And then we'll go out and do everything we can to make that future happen until ourplans change—again.Genetically modified apple that won’t turn brown coming soonNew genetically modified apples designed by a synthetic-biology company are being released this fall but won't be labeled as GMOs.They're called Arctic apples, (1) genes have been changed from their original Golden Delicious state to ensure that after the fruits are cut open and exposed to the air, their flesh won't turn brown in color.The development company, Okanagan Specialty Fruits, says the apples may be on sale (2) bagged slices in up to 400 stores this season throughout the Midwest and Southern California. The fruit won't bear the standard "produced with genetic engineering" label because of a 2016 law(3) ( allow) codes to be visible on the packaging that link to a website with information on(4) the fruit was made.The apples were made using a technique called gene silencing. The Okanagan team (5) (engineer) the fruit's DNA to produce less enzyme (polyphenol oxidase) that causes the white, inner flesh to brown so that the new and improved slices will stay fresh for up to three weeks. Although there are only about 250 acres of Arctic apple trees currently planted across the U.S.,the team hope GMO fruits (6) reduce waste and increase apple sales overall.(7) some experts believe that the Arctic apple's GMO status isn't harmful,many groups opposing GMOs (8) (start) protesting the apples. An organization called Friends of the Earth claimsthat they're "understudied, unlabeled and unnecessary." Right now, apple slices (9) (treat)with calcium and vitamin C can be purchased off Amazon with the promise of not browning (10) they arrive on the customer's doorstep. And, a little bit of lemon juice is an easier and more natural way to prevent cut apples from turning color for a few hours.Sea ice off Antarctica and in the Arctic is at record..A. alarmingB. normalC. roughlyD. expandE. restoredF. contributingG. damaged H. exactly I. sweep J. doubt K. recoverySea ice off Antarctica and in the Arctic is at record lows for this time of year after declining by twice the size of Alaska in a sign of rising global temperatures, climate scientists say.Against a trend of global warming and a steady retreat of ice at earth’s northern tip, ice floating on the Southern Oceanoff Antarctica has tended to (1) in recent years.But now it is shrinking at both ends of the planet, a development (2) scientists and to which a build-up of man-made greenhouse gases, an El Nino weather event that this year unlocked heat from the Pacific Ocean and freak natural swings may all be (3) “There are some really crazy things going on,” said Mark Serreze, director of the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado, saying temperatures in parts of the Arctic were 20 degrees Celsius (36°F) above (4) some days in November. Worldwide, this year is on track to be the warmest on bined, the extent of polar sea ice on Dec. 4 was about 3.84 million square kilometers (1.48 million square miles) below the 1981-2010 average, according to NSIDC satellite measurements. That is (5) the size of India, or two Alaskas. Antarctica’s expanding sea ice in many recent years has been a big theme for those who (6) global warming is man-made.John Turner of the British Antarctic Survey said chilly westerly winds that (7) around the continent, perhaps insulating it from the effects of global warming, were the weakest for November in two decades. That may have let more heat seep (热渗透) south, he said. A (8) of the high-altitude ozone layer over Antarctica, which led to cooler air over the continent when it was (9) by now-banned industrial chemicals, may also be a factor. But Turner said it was hard to pinpoint (10) what was happening. “When we began getting satellite data from 1979 the sea ice started to decrease. Everyone said it was global warming... but then it started to increase again,” he said.Early spring in Washington, D.C. is a sight to behold. People come from all over the world to watch the cherry blossom trees burst into bloom along the banks of the Potomac River (波托马克河) watershed, making plans several months in advance. This year, though, spring has come to Washington several days too early! The cherry trees (1) （reach) peak bloom (when more than 70 percent of the trees are fully flowering) on March 25—more than ten days early! By the end of the week, though, the flowers were mostly gone from the trees. Every year millions of visitors crowd Washington’s tidal basin in early April (2) （watch) over 3,000 cherry trees simultaneously burst into flower to herald spring. In Washington, the National Park Service (3)（celebrate) the Cherry Blossom Festival annually not only to celebrate spring but also to renew the friendship of two nations. The friendship between the United States and Japan (4) (endure) for more than a century. (5) leaders have come and gone, and despite the horrors of the World Wars, the association between the two nations has stood the test of time. This friendship was symbolized in 1912 (6) an incredible gift of 3,000 cherry blossom trees (7) was given to Washington by Tokyo. To the Japanese, the blossoms are (8) sign of good fortune and an emblem of love and affection. The blossoms, however, have a (9) (deep) meaning to the philosophical Japanese. (10) the cherry flowers have a short lifespan of just about 14 days, the delicate flowers symbolize the fleeting nature of the human life. Usually when the flowers bloom in Tokyo, the buds appear on Washington’s cherry trees as well.Hudson Dunn has always been an active boysA. giganticB. pressC. modificationD. recommendedE. diagnosedF. rigorG. pursuits H. reminder I. Impulsive J. labeled K. medication Hudson Dunn has always been an active boy.His daycare teaches called him “demanding” and “independent.” In preschool, he preferred singing and daydreaming to learning the ABCs. By the time he was in kindergarten, he often came home crying.“It created an environment in the classroom where he was (1) a bad kid,” said his mom, Jenine Dunn. Hudson has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD----one of the most commonly (2) mental health disorders in children. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates 11 percent of American kids have ADHD.A recipe for trouble The list of symptoms for kids who have ADHD reads like a recipe for problems in school: trouble paying attention and completing tasks; being fidgety, talkative and (3) difficulty following rules, making friends and keeping track of things----like homework or class materials. Increasing academic demands have only made it harder for kids with ADHD, argues Dr. Jeffrey Brosco, professor of clinical pediatrics at the University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine. “We’ve increased the academic demands, but we’ve also reduced our demands for allowing children to figure out how to spend their time,” Brosco said. “ Young children learn best by play and by creative kinds of (4) and not just practice with reading, writing and arithmetic.”Dunn said the academic (5) of kindergarten definitely contributed to the difficulties her son, Hudson, faced in school. “There’s very little free time for imagination. They want these kids in kindergarten sitting at a desk for seven hours a day,” she said. “ It creates an incredible amount of stress.” He weaves between their desks, offering nonstop praise. “ I like the way you’re raising your hand without calling out,” he tells one. “Thank you for using your materials appropriately,” he says to another. It comes every 30 seconds or so, a pleasant (6) for every tiny thing done right. Because for McArthur’s students, every moment spent sitting in class and following the rules is a monument achievement. Implementing behavior (7) strategies in the classroom takes time----time that teachers don’t often feel like they have. Every moment spend fixing bad behavior, praising good behavior or redirecting a student to the task at hand is a moment of teaching that is lost. World-renowned ADHD researcher, Dr. William Pelham and his team focus on behavior modification because, he says, it works. Combined with parent training, Pelham has found that starting with behavior-based treatment rather than (8) is more effective and costs less. His findingsled the CDC to change the (9) course of treatment for children with ADHD.Still, children in Florida are far more likely to receive medicine over therapy.“ The problem is that there is no pharmaceutical company for better classroom management practices. There is no pharmaceutical company for better parenting programs. So you don't have (10) industries helping parents and helping teachers,” Pelham said.The founder of Chez Panisse…A. revolutionB. forceC. sparkingD. criticsE. struckF. organicG. financesH. dedicationI. committingJ. flavorK. contentAll Alice Waters wanted was bread, jam and lettuce that tasted real, with a cup of good coffee or a glass of wine on the side. The founder of Chez Panisse, the California restaurant famous for launching the farm-to-table movement, certainly didn’t plan to start a (1) Returning to the United States in 1965 after studying in France, Waters missed the delicious food and community of the little cafes where she spent most of her time. “ The United States was a land of frozen food, so eating even just fresh bread and jam was a revelation to me,” says Waters. “And spending time in restaurants with friends…it was very important to me.”One day, an idea (2) Waters that maybe her cooking and sense of community could help her make some money. Believing they could do anything, she and a group of friends raised money, found a house in Berkeley and opened a little restaurant called Chez Panisse in 1971. Most ingredients Waters could find were from industrial farms. They tasted totally different from the ones her parents planted during World War II and the ones she had enjoyed in France. Thus, she began a search for suppliers who would grow good ingredients.“I was looking for taste. And I couldn’t find taste until I met the local (3) farmers who were growing vegetables for (4) ” Waters recalls. “I realized that I would be dependent on them for the success of my restaurant.”At first, the (5) were a disaster. If any of the ingredients didn’t taste right, chefs threw them out. Staff had to taste the wine to sell it. That meant thousands of dollars of wine disappeared on a regular basis. People who offered ingredients were given meals in trade.But Chez Panisse had lines out of the front door from the very first night. Waters’ sense of taste and her (6) to making the best food possible kept people coming back. It didn’t take long for Chez Panisse to catch the attention of foodies. Throughout its existence, the restaurant has earned the highest praise of many (7) It has sometimes been called the best restaurant in America.Now 72, Waters is not (8) with staying at home and cooking in her kitchen. Last September, she flew to Washington, D.C., to meet members of Congress to discuss the benefits of free lunch for all schoolchildren.Many people have called Waters unrealistic over the course of her 45-year fight for good food. Nevertheless, her single-mindedness ended up (9) a farm-to-table movement. “She didn’t start ChezPanisse to change the world,” said Marion Nestle, a New York University nutrition professor. “But what she did was absolutely revolutionary. She’s a (10) and deserves every bit of recognition that comes her way.”What your eyes say about your health?A. namelyB. undiagnosedC. symptomsD. commentingE. unintentionalF. underdevelopedG. abnormalH. diagnosisI. concentratingJ. ageK. give awayYou knew your eyes were responsible for seeing and adding to your looks, but did you know that they tell a lot about your health too?It’s true——your eye doctor can spot several problems that might easily slip out of your general doctor’s notice. So now, getting that yearly eye exam might be even more important than you thought.What exactly can your eyes not-so-secretly (1) t hat might be important for you to know? Here’s what you might notice.1. Yellow spotsWhat It Means: According to the American Diabetes Association, an?estimated?30 million people had diabetes in 2015 (roughly 9 percent of the population). Of these, experts estimate that a good 7 million are (2) They don’t even know that they have this debilitating condition.In this case, your eye doctor will probably be the one to notice. While mild (3) can easily get shrugged off or dismissed, eye exams will often reveal the truth.You may have diabetic retinopathy, a condition where diabetes affects the circulation in your eye. Your eye doctor may see tiny hemorrhages and yellow deposits dotting your eye, and may recommend further testing to confirm a (4) 2. Cloudy eyesWhat It Means: If you’re noticing a cloudy look in your eye or clouded vision, you probably have a cataract. Most people get cataracts as they (5) but you can get them as a young adult too.If you are younger, cataracts may mean a deeper health condition; so you’ll want to look into the possibilities. For instance, both diabetes and a tumor can cause cataracts.3. The sleepy lookWhat It Means: If you always look sleepy because of your droopy eyelids, you could have one of several underlying conditions. In young children, a common cause is an (6) eye muscle.The weak muscle can also lead to a problem called lazy eye, where the brain actually favors giving sight to one eye. Lazy eye can eventually affect your sight as your eye becomes “out of practice.” If caught early, your eye doctor can work to correct it.More seriously, though, sleepy eyes can indicate a stroke or cancer, both of which could weaken the eye muscles. If your eyes droop on both sides, you may have an autoimmune disease called myasthenia gravis. This disease can be serious and needs treatment right away.4. Dips and kinksWhat It Means: This。
高考英语一轮复习 外刊阅读 小猫钓鱼选词填空全 素材
外刊阅读：小猫钓鱼1Elevated body temperature helps certain types of immune cells to work better, evidence suggestsA.devoteB. mediateC. infectedD. involvedE. replicateF. mildG. dramatically H. conserved I. enhanced J. maintained K. temporarilyWith cold and flu season almost here, the next time you're sick, you may want to thank your fever for helping fight off infection. That's because scientists have found more evidence that elevated body temperature helps certain types of immune cells to work better."An increase in body temperature has been known since ancient times to be associated with infection and inflammation," said Elizabeth A. Repasky, Ph.D., a researcher (31) ______ in the work from the Department of Immunology at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, New York. "Since a febrile response is highly (32) ______ in nature (even so-called cold blooded animals move to warmer places when they become ill) it would seem important that we immunologists (33) ______ more attention to this interesting response."Scientists found that the generation and differentiation of a particular kind of lymphocyte, known as a "CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell" (capable of destroying virus-infected cells and tumor cells) is (34) ______ by mild fever-range hyperthermia. Specifically, their research suggests that elevated body temperature changes the T-cells' membranes which may help (35) ______ the effects of micro-environmental temperature on cell function. To test this, researchers injected two groups of mice with an antigen, and examined the activation of T-cells following the interaction with antigen presenting cells. Body temperature in half of the mice was raised by 2 degrees centigrade, while the other half (36) ______ a normal core body temperature. In the warmed mice, results showed a greater number of the type of CD8 T-cells capable of destroying (37) ______ cells."Having a fever might be uncomfortable," said John Wherry, Ph.D., Deputy Editor of the Journal of Leukocyte Biology, "but this research report and several others are showing that having a fever is part of an effective immune response. We had previously thought that the microbes that infect us simply can't (38) ______ as well when we have fevers, but this new work also suggests that the immune system might be (39) ______ enhanced functionally when our temperatures rise with fever. Although very high body temperatures are dangerous and should be controlled, this study shows that we may need to reconsider how and when we treat most (40) ______ fevers."（355）（https:///releases/2011/11/111101130200.htm）四、核心词汇：i nvolved conserved devote enhanced1mediate maintained infected replicatetemporarily mild dramatically elevatedinflammation injected activation functionally外刊阅读：小猫钓鱼7The WHO just declared the coronavirus a pandemic. Here’s what that means.A.concernedB.trackC.assessmentD.increasinglyE.sweptF.respondpletely H.identified I.contributed J.substantial K.definingIn a press conference Wednesday morning, WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said what has been increasingly obvious for weeks: The novel coronavirus that has (31) ______ the world, infecting more than 120,000 people in more than 100 countries, is a pandemic. “WHO has been assessing this outbreak around the clock and we’re deeply (32) ______ both by the alarming levels of spread and severity and the alarming levels of inaction. We have therefore made the (33) ______ that Covid-19 can be characterized by “pandemic,” Tedros said, going on to argue that the designation did not mean the situation was hopeless: “All countries can still change the course of this pandemic.”2The news came after (34) ______ cases doubled in the US in the space of just two days, Chancellor Angela Merkel in Germany said that 60 to 70 percent of Germans could become infected, and Italy locked down its entire population and warned the world that they were running out of ICU capacity — while experts warned many other countries were on (35) ______ for large outbreaks and health care capacity issues.The rapid spread of the virus in more countries likely (36) ______ to the WHO’s decision to declare the disease a pandemic.But in recent days, that’s become (37) ______ untrue. There are now more than 40,000 cases outside China, 33 percent of all cases. There is (38) _______ community transmission in countries including Iran, Italy, and South Korean. The declaration that it is a pandemic doesn’t change any facts on the ground, but it reflects the WHO pulling out all the stops in their effort to get the world to (39) ______ to the situation with the seriousness it deserves.When it comes to (40) ______ a pandemic, things get a little more complicated.A “pandemic” disease sounds much scarier than a mere “outbreak.” But it’s important to remember that “pandemic” refers to how many parts of the world are dealing with an elevated rate of the disease — and, in theory, says nothing about how serious the disease is.核心词汇swept concerned assessment identified track contributed increasingly substantial respond defining completely elevated refers transmission declare severity3。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
基本兼类词汇总helpvt.& vi. 帮助;有助于，有利于vt. 治疗;避免;招待（客人）;给…盛（饭、菜）n. 帮助;助手;补救办法;有用stopvi. 停止;中断;逗留;（使）停止工作vt. 塞住;堵塞;阻挠;止付n. 停止;（管风琴的）音栓;停车站;bathn. 沐浴;洗澡;浴缸，澡盆;浸，泡，洗澡水vt.& vi. （给…）洗澡lovevt.& vi. 爱，热爱;爱戴;喜欢;赞美，称赞vt. 喜爱;喜好;喜欢;爱慕n. 爱情，爱意;疼爱;热爱;爱人，所爱之物thankvt. 谢谢，感谢;责怪，把…归于n. 感谢，谢谢，道谢的话usen. 用途;v使用能力;运用头脑（或身体）的能力suitn. 一套外衣;西装，套装;诉讼;恳求vt. 适合于（某人）;尤指服装、颜色等相配;合身;适宜vi. 合适，相称supportvt. 支持;帮助;支撑;维持n. 支撑;支持者;[数学]支集;支撑物wishv. 希望;想要;祝愿n. 愿望;希望;希望的事 ;祝福worryn. 烦恼，忧虑;担心;撕咬vi. 担心，焦虑;为…发愁;撕咬vt. 使烦恼;烦扰;撕咬workvt.& vi. 使工作;使运作;操作;使产生效果n. 工作，操作;著作;工厂;行为，事业vt. 使工作;操作;经营;使缓慢前进walkvt.& vi. 走;步行;散步n. 步行;步态;人行道;步行的路径vi. 行走;陪伴…走;徒步旅行;不翼而飞train n. 列车;行列;后果;顺序vt.& vi. 训练，锻炼，培养vt.教育;使（植物）朝某方向生长;[园艺学]修剪;把（枪口、照相机、灯...tasten. 体验;滋味;味觉;风味vt.& vi. 尝，品尝vt. 吃;喝;浅尝talkvt.&vi.说;讨论;说话;（用以强调款额、情况严重程度等）讲的是vt. 谈论;商谈;（用某种语言）讲n. 空话;交谈;话题swimn.& vi. 游泳vi. 眩晕vt. 浸;泡;洒满;充溢着studyn. 学习，研究;课题;书房;结论vi. 考虑;沉思;默想;努力vt. 想出;详细地检查;背诵（台词等）;为…费心思surprisevt. 使惊奇，使诧异;意外发现[撞见]，出其不意获得;突袭n.令人吃惊的事物;意想不到（或突然）的事;令人惊奇的事（或消息等）...visitvt.& vi. 访问;探望;参观;游览vi. 作客n. 访问，参观;逗留workvt.& vi. 使工作;使运作;操作;使产生效果n. 工作，操作;著作;工厂;行为，事业vt. 使工作;操作;经营;使缓慢前进actvt.& vi. 行动;做;表演;起作用n. 行为;动;（一）幕;（搭档）演出短节目的演员vt.饰;演（戏）;把（感情、事件等）表演出来;使举止与…相称lookvt.& vi. 看，瞧vi. 注意;面向;寻找;看起来好像n. 看;（尤指吸引人的）相貌;眼神;样子needvt. 需要;必须aux. 必须;不得不n. 需要;需要的东西;责任;贫穷starn.星;明星;（尤指旅馆或餐馆的）星级;星象（根据人出生时天体的位置...vt.（在文字等旁）标星号;用星（形物）装饰;点缀;使成辐射状开裂 vt.& vi. 主演soundn. 声音，声响;音调，声调;声波;嘈杂声vi. 响，发声;听起来，好像;回响;[音乐]乐器等被奏响 vt. 使出声，使发声;清楚地发出;宣布，发表;颂扬watchvt. 注视，注意;看守，监视;守候（机会等）;密切注意 n. 表;值夜，值班;看守，监视;值班人员 vi. 观看;注视;守候;看守playn. 比赛;游戏;戏剧;赌博vt.& vi. 玩;演奏;演出;参加比赛 vt. 扮演;担任，充当…的角色;演出;装扮dreamvi. 梦想;做梦;梦见;想到 vt.& vi. 做梦，向往 vt. 梦想;做梦;想到willn. 愿意;意志（力）;[法]遗嘱vt.决心要;将（财产等）遗赠某人;用意志力驱使（某事发生） vi. 愿意， 希望， 想要ordern. 命令;秩序;规则，制度;次序 vt. 命令;订购;整理 vi. 下订单practicen. 练习;实践;（医生或律师的）业务;惯例 vi. 实行;惯常地进行;练习;实习 vt. 实行，实践;执业;练习;惯常地进行fightvt.& vi. 战斗;斗争;打架;吵架 n. 打架;吵架;战斗;斗志wasten.浪费，白费，挥霍钱财;废料，废品，废物;荒地，荒芜;消耗（量），...vt.& vi. 徒劳;（使）损耗;（使）消瘦;浪费 vt. 破坏;干掉;（游戏或比赛中）大胜flash vt.& vi.使闪光，使闪烁;拍出，发出（电报等）;〈口〉炫耀n. 闪光;闪光灯下摄成的照片;一瞬间;浮华 adj. 闪光的，闪耀的，一闪而过的;浮华的;庞大的payvt.& vi. 付款;偿还;补偿;（对…）有利 vt. 给予;支付 n. 工资;薪水;报答bookn. 书;卷;课本;账簿 vt.& vi. 预订vt.登记;（向旅馆、饭店、戏院等）预约;立案（控告某人）;订立演出契约bandagen. 绷带 vt. 用绷带绑扎parkn. 公园;停车场 vi. 泊车，停车vt. 将…放置在某处;停车checkvt. 检查，核对;制止，抑制;在…上打勾 vi. 核实，查核;中止;打勾;[象棋]将一军 n. <美>支票;制止，抑制;检验，核对startn. 开始;动身;开动;起点 vt.& vi. 出发，启程vt. 起动;提出（问题）;开办;使开始breakvt.& vi. 打破;折断;弄坏;削弱vt. （使）破;打破（纪录）;（常指好天气）突变;开始 vi. （嗓音）突变;突破;破晓;（价格）突然下跌challengen. 挑战;盘问;质疑;怀疑 vt. 质疑;向…挑战vi. 提出挑战，要求竞赛（或竞争）;驳斥cheatvt. 欺骗，诈骗;误导，愚弄;躲避，逃脱vi.作弊，行骗;犯规;俚〉不忠;消磨，解（闷），消除（疲劳） n. 欺骗（行为）;骗子;雀麦;〈美俚〉反光镜changevt. 改变，变更;交换，替换;兑换;换衣服（床单） vi. 改变，转变;交换，互换;换衣，更衣 n. 变化，改变;交换，交替;零钱，找头;代替物coughvt.& vi. 咳嗽;（引擎等）发噗噗声;咳出 n. 咳，咳嗽;咳嗽病;（机关枪等的）连续发射声controlvt. 控制;管理;限制;支配n.支配权;操纵者;（对国家、地区、机构等的）管理权;（键盘上的）控...interestn. 兴趣，爱好;利害关系，利益;利息;趣味，感兴趣的事 vt.使产生兴趣;使参与，使加入;引起…的意愿;使产生关系hurryvt.& vi.仓促（做某事）;催促;（朝某方向）迅速移动;迅速处理n. 匆忙，急忙landn. 陆地;国家;地产;土地vt.& vi. （使）登岸;降临;使陷于（困境）;使不得不应付 vt. 自船上卸下;获得;捕到;钓到（鱼）kidn. <口>小孩;小山羊，小山羊皮制品 vt.& vi. 欺骗，戏弄，取笑 adj. 较年幼的;小山羊皮制的dealvt. [牌戏]分;分配;经营;施予 n. （一笔）交易;许多;待遇;发牌vi. 论述;（有效地或成功地）处理;惩处;交易markn. 痕迹;记号;（品质或情感的）标志;目标 vt. 作记号;表示;给…打分;在…留下痕迹 vi. 评分;注意;（比赛中）记分hitvt.& vi. 打，打击;碰撞vt. 击（球）;（在精神上）打击（某人）;猜中;迎合 n. 打，打击;碰撞;（演出等）成功;批评，讽刺fearn. 害怕;可能性;（对神等的）敬畏;忧虑vt. 畏惧;害怕;为…忧虑（或担心、焦虑）;敬畏（神等） vi. 害怕;忧虑;感到害怕;惧怕bow弓;鞠躬;船头;艏doubtn. 怀疑，疑虑;未确定 vt. 怀疑，疑惑vi. 不确定，不能肯定或怀疑costn. 价钱，代价;花费，费用;牺牲;[用复数][法律]诉讼费vi. 价钱为，花费;估计成本vt. 付出代价;估价;使丧失;使付出努力drivev. 驾驶;开车;驱动;迫使n. 驱车旅行;驱动力;车道;驱动器emptyadj.空的，空虚的，空洞的;空闲的，无效的，徒劳的;无聊的，愚蠢的;言... vt. （使）成为空的， 把…弄空;把…腾出来 vi. 成为空的;流空exchangen. 交换;交易;交易所;兑换（率） vt. 交换，互换;兑换;交换，调换vi.交换，替换;进行易货贸易，作物物交换;[金融业]（货币）交换，兑换fooln. 愚人，傻瓜;受骗者;有癖好的人;受愚弄的人 vt. 愚弄，欺骗;浪费，虚度;闹笑话;游手好闲 vi. 开玩笑;欺骗;戏弄gardenn. 花园，菜园;公园;供应点心的露天设施;大型公共礼堂 vt. 造园，开辟（一小片土地）作为花园;以花园装饰 vi. 从事园艺guardn. 警卫;狱吏，看守;护卫队;防护装置 vt. 保卫，守护;看守;加防护装置;谨慎使用 vi. 警惕;警卫heatn.热，热度，高温;热烈，激烈;（身体的）发烧，发热;发情 vt.&vi. 使温暖，使热;激发…的感情，使兴奋sensen. 感觉，官能;意识，观念;理性;识别力 vt. 感到;理解，领会;检测出honorn. 尊敬;敬意;荣誉;光荣 vt. 尊敬，给以荣誉hugvt.& vi. 热烈地拥抱，抱住，紧抱 vt. 紧靠…走;抱有，持有 n. 紧抱，热烈拥抱influencen. 影响;势力;有影响的人（或事物）;[占星学]星力 vt. 影响;感染;支配;对…起作用interviewn. 接见;采访;面试;会谈vt.& vi. 面试vt. 采访;访问;会见;（私下）提问kissvt. 接吻;轻拂;轻微碰撞 vi. 接吻;轻触n. 吻;轻触;小糖果;蛋白甜饼，球形饼干showern. 阵雨;淋浴;淋浴器;一大批vi. 下阵雨;似阵雨般降落;洒落;纷纷降落 vt. 大量地给予;抛洒，使纷纷降落showvt.& vi. 给…看;表现出;显露出;上演 vt. 说明;指示;表明;演示 n. 展览;显示;外观;表演knockn. 短促的敲打（声）;爆震声;敲击声;敲门（或窗等）声 vi. 猛烈敲击;与某物相撞;撞到了桌子vt. （心）怦怦跳;把…撞击成（某种状态）;批评liftvt.& vi. 举起，抬起 vt. 举起;提升;鼓舞;抬起 vi. 消散;升起;耸立shopn. 商店;工厂;办事处;购物vt.& vi. （到…）去买东西[购物];逛商店 vt. 购物;买东西listn. 清单，目录;倾斜;布边，布头;狭条 vt. 列出，列入;把…编列成表;记入名单内 vi. 列于表上littern. 杂物，垃圾;（一窝）幼崽;褥草;轿，担架 vt.& vi. 使杂乱;乱丢杂物;乱扔;使饱含lockn. 锁;水闸，船闸;（机器部件等的）锁定;一把，一撮 vt. 锁上;锁好，关好;使固定;隐藏 vi. 卡住，不动;纠结;僵硬不动mailn.邮件，邮政;邮政（制度）;邮务员，邮递员;〈古〉袋，旅行包vt. 邮寄;给…穿盔甲 vi. 投邮noten. 注意;笔记;注解;便条 vt. 注意;记录;对…加注释;指出milkn. 乳;牛奶;（椰子等植物的）白色汁液;乳液 vt. 产奶，挤奶;套出;榨取，压榨 vt. 榨取，勒索;产奶，出奶praisen. 赞扬，称赞;崇拜;赞词 v. 赞扬，赞美;歌颂;崇拜regretvt. 后悔，悔恨;遗憾，抱歉;悼念，哀悼 vi. 感到后悔，感到抱歉 n. 遗憾，惋惜;后悔，悔恨;哀悼requestn. 要求;需要;所请求的事物;申请书vt.（下级对上级的）请求;请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句]reviewn. 复习;回顾;（报刊的）评论;[法]复审 vt. 检验;复查;复习;评论 vi. 复习功课;写评论rushvi. （使）急速行进，仓促完成;猛攻;急速流动，奔腾 vt.突袭;（使）仓促行事;催促;（为物色、招募目的）特别关注 n. 冲;匆忙;繁忙的活动;涌动answervt.& vi. 答复; 解答; 答辩;适应 n. 回答;答案;反应;足以媲美的人scoren.得分，得分记录;[乐]总谱，乐谱;计算，百分数，成份;论点，理由，... vt.& vi. 得分;获胜，成功vi. 记分;刻痕;勾引，成功地用性勾引某人;走私volunteern. 志愿者，志愿兵;[军]义勇军;[植]自生植物;[林]先锋树种 adj. 自愿的，志愿的vt.&vi. 自愿去做;当志愿兵[义勇军]smilen. 微笑，笑容vt. 以微笑表示;以微笑完成 vi. 微笑;赞许;不在乎dancen. 跳舞;舞会;舞蹈艺术;舞曲 vi. 跳舞;手舞足蹈;摇晃;跳跃 vt. 使跳舞risevi. 上升;增强;（数量）增加;休会n.（数量或水平的）增加;兴起;（数量、价格、价值等的）增长;（日、...vt. 使…浮上水面;使（鸟）飞起;复活;发酵riskn. 危险，冒险;保险额;被保险人或物 vt. 冒…的危险;使…冒风险（或面临危险）restn. 休息;剩余部分;支持物;宁静，安宁 vt.& vi. （使）休息;（使）倚靠[支撑] vi. 休息;静止;停止;安心researchn. 研究，追究;探讨，探测;调查;探索vi. 做研究;探究;（从市场调研中）得出所预测的结果 vt. 从事…的研究，为…而做研究reportn. 报告;成绩报告单;传闻;流言蜚语 vt.& vi. 报道;公布;宣告 vt. 告发，举报;使报到exercisen. 练习;运动，训练;运用;典礼 vi. 锻炼，训练，练习vt.锻炼（身体某部位）;使焦虑，使忧虑;实行，发挥（作用）;运用returnv. 回转，返回;复发，又来;送还;言归正传 n. 归来，返乡;来回票, 利润,，汇成;赢利;统计表adj. 返回的, 回程的, 报答的, 反向的, 重现的hostn. [计算机]主机;主人，东道主;节目主持人;酒店业主 vt. 当主人;主办宴会，主持节目;款待，做东 vi. 做主人，做东道主ridevt.& vi. 乘，骑，驾n.（乘坐汽车等的）旅行;乘骑;（乘车或骑车的）短途旅程;供乘骑的游...vt. （骑马、自行车等）穿越;搭乘;飘浮recordn. 履历, 档案, 诉状, 最高纪录, 报告, 唱片vt. 记录, 标明, 将...录音 vi. 录音, 被录音 adj. 创纪录的...progressn. 进步;前进;[生物学]进化;（向更高方向）增长 v. （使）进步，（使）进行;发展;促进 vi. 发展;（向更高方向）增进partn. 部分;零件;作用;角色 vt. 使分裂;拆移;使分开vi. 分开;分离;分岔sleepvi.& linkv. 睡，睡觉 vi. 睡，睡觉;睡眠状态vt. 为…提供床位;提供住宿;以睡觉打发日子valuen. 价值，价格;意义，涵义;重要性;（邮票的）面值 vt. 评价;重视，看重;估价，给…定价tien. 关系;领带，绳子;平局;束缚，限制vt.（用线、绳等）系;（在线、绳上）打结;连接;与…成平局 vi. 打结，系上;平局;被用带（或绳子等）系住traden. 贸易;行业;<美>顾客;买卖 vt.& vi. 交易，经商vt. 交换;经营…交易，做…的买卖treatn. 款待;招待;乐事;乐趣 vt. 处理;探讨;对待;请（客） vt.& vi. 请客，款待supportvt. 支持;帮助;支撑;维持n. 支撑;支持者;[数学]支集;支撑物smoken. 烟;吸烟vi. 冒烟;抽烟;快速 vt. 用烟熏制;吸（烟），抽smelln. 嗅觉;气味;臭味;发出臭气的人[东西]vt.& vi.& linkv.嗅，闻;闻出，发觉，查出;发出…的气味tourn. 旅行，观光;巡回演出;任职期;轮班 vt. 到…旅游;在…巡回演出 vi. 观光;巡回namen. 名字;名声;有…名称的;著名的人物vt. 确定;决定;给…取名;说出…的名字 adj. 著名的;据以取名lastn. 末尾;最后;上个;鞋楦（做鞋的模型）vt. 经受住;到…之后;够用;足够维持（尤指某段时间） adj. 最近的;最后的;最不可能的;惟一剩下的colorn. <美>颜色，色彩;肤色，脸色，血色;颜料，染料;本质v.<美>给…涂颜色;改变…的颜色;粉饰，渲染，使带上色彩;脸红reply. 回答，答复;反应;报复（行动）;[法律]答辩vi.[法律]（原告对被告）答辩;反响;作答;（以行动）做出反应 vt. 回应，作出反应cookvt.& vi. 烹调;编造;篡改;密谋 vt. 烹调;煮 vi. 烹调;做菜wonderadj. 奇妙的;钦佩的;远超过预期的 n. 惊奇;奇观;奇人;奇迹vt. 对…感到好奇;惊奇;感到诧异;想弄明白patternn. 模式;花样，样品;图案;榜样，典范 vt. 模仿;以图案装饰 vi. 形成图案paintn. 颜料，涂料;绘画作品;胭脂等化妆品;色彩，装饰 vt. 涂色于;绘画;（用语言，文字等）描写;擦脂粉等 vi. 描绘;绘画;化妆bootn.长靴，皮靴;防护罩;[多用于英国]行李箱;[俚语]解雇，激动vt. 穿（靴）;踢;[俚语]解雇;[计算机科学]引导 vi. 帮助或益处pityn. 怜悯;同情;可惜的事;憾事 vt. 对…表示怜悯;对…感到同情billn. 账单;钞票;清单;广告vt. 安排;给…开账单;为…发提（货）单;把…登录在账 vi. 鸟嘴相接触turnvt.& vi. 使转动;旋转;使改变方向;使不适 vt. 使变酸;使变换;使变为n. 翻转;（路线或方向的）改变;机会fairadj. 公平的;合理的;晴朗的;美丽的 adv. 公平地;直接地;清楚地;正大光明地n. 集市，庙会;商品交易会，展览会;美人，美丽的事物totaladj. 总计的（金额等）;全部的;完全的;绝对的 n. 总计，总数;全体数量vt.& vi. 总计达，计算…的总数adultadj.成熟的;（智力、思想、行为）成熟的;成年人的;成年的 n. 成年的人或动物secretn. 秘密，机密;秘诀;奥秘adj. 秘密的，机密的;神秘的;隐秘的presentadj. 现在的;目前的;出席的;[语法学]现在时的 n. 现在;礼物;瞄准pinkadj.粉红色的;淡红色的;略带左翼政治观点的;与同性恋者有关的 n. 粉红色;典范;香石竹;顶点，极度 vt. 刺、扎;打出小孔图案;戳patientadj. 有耐性的;能容忍的 n. 患者;病人;病号generaladj. 大致的;综合的;总的，全体的;普遍的 n. 上将;一般;一般原则;常规goldn. 金，黄金;金色;金币;金饰品adj. 金（制）的，含金的;金色的;金本位的specialadj. 特殊的;专门的;专用的;重要的 n. 专车;特价;特刊;特约稿cleanadj. 清洁的;整齐的;新的;正派的vt.& vi. （使）清洁;变干净;除去…的灰尘;使…干净 vi. 清扫correctadj.正确的;合适的;（举止言谈）符合公认准则的;符合公认的准则的 vt. 改正;[数学、物理学]校正;（试卷）改错;批改 vi. 纠正错误;调整;校准（常与 for 连用）bornvt. b ear 的过去分词;支撑，支持;亲自携带，运输 vi. 结果，生产;和…有关adj. 出生的，出身于…的;天生的，天赋的clearadj.清楚的，明白的;清晰的，明亮的;清澈的;明确的;无罪的，不亏心的 adv. 完全地;清晰地;整整 vi. 变明朗;变清澈closeadj. 紧密的;亲密的;亲近的 vt. 关;结束;使靠近 vi. 关;结束;关闭openadj.敞开的，开着的;公开的，公共的;坦率的;有议论余地的 vt.& vi. （打）开;开始;睁开;启动 n. 户外，野外;空旷;公开sparevt.节省，俭省;不用，抽出，省掉;宽恕，饶（命），救命，使某人免遭（... adj.多余的，剩下的（钱等），空闲的（时间等）;预备的，备用的，替换... n.备用零件，备用轮胎;节省，俭省;〈美〉（头两个球把十柱打得）全倒...separatevt.& vi. 分开;（使）分离;区分;隔开 vt. 分离（混合物）;分居;分类;割开 vi. 分手;断裂;（夫妻）分居;断绝关系doubleadj. 双的;两倍的;两面派的;双人用的 vt. 使加倍;把…对折;重复 vi. 加倍，加倍努力;快步走firen. 火，燃烧物;火灾;射击，发射;热情vt.& vi. 开火，射击;燃烧;引爆炸药;充满热情 vt. <口>解雇;射（箭）;激励;射出（子弹）lightn. 光，光明;发光体;日光，黎明;<诗>视力，眼神 vt. 使发光;点燃;使容光焕发 vi. 点燃;发光，发亮mostadv. 最，最多（大）;much 的最高级;非常，很;几乎 adj.many 的最高级;最多的，最大的;大概的;大多数的，大部分的 n. 最大限度;大部分;大多数人freeadj. 自由的;免费的;免税的;空闲的 adv. 免费地;自由地，无拘束地;一帆风顺地 vt. 免除;释放;使自由;解救welladv. 好;很;好意地;高高兴兴地 adj. 健康的;井的;良好的;恰当的 int. （用于表示惊讶，疑虑，接受等）firmadj. 坚固的，坚牢的;坚定的，坚决的;严格的;确定的 vt.& vi. 使坚固;使坚实n. 商号，商行;公司;企业;工作集体stepn. 步，脚步;步骤，手段;步调;级别vt.& vi. 举步，行走;踩，踏上;跨入;轻快地走 vi. 踏，踩;走setvt. 放置，安置;使处于某位置;使坐;坐落vi.（日、月等）落山;[常后接forth,out,off 等]出发;凝结;衰落 n. 凝固;（一）套;布景;集noticen. 注意;布告;警告;预告 vt.& vi. 注意vt. 通知;留心;关照;注意到callv. 呼唤，喊叫;召唤，叫来，召集;下令，命令;打电话给 n. 喊叫，大声喊;电话联络;必要，理由;要求lievi. 躺;摆放，位于;处于…状态;存在，内含n. 谎言，谎话;状态，位置;栖息处，隐藏处;停止的位置pointn. 点;要点;得分;标点vt. （意思上）指向;削尖;加标点于;指路 vi. 表明;指向crashvt.& vi. （使）猛撞，（使）撞毁 vi. 撞坏;猛冲直撞;发出巨响;突然失败n.破产;撞车事故;（机器或系统，尤指计算机或计算机系统的）崩溃;突...signn. 记号，符号;信号，暗号;手势;预兆vt.& vi. 签名，签字;用信号表示;画十字于;打手势causen. 原因;动机;（某种行为、感情等的）理由;缘故 vt. 成为…的原因;导致;引起;使遭受minepron. (I 的所有格)我的（东西） n. 矿;矿井;地雷;水雷 vt.& vi. 在…中开采，开采plantn. 植物，草木;设备;工厂;庄稼 vt. 种植;安，插;建设，布置;移民于armn. 臂;武器;[复数]战事;权力vi. 准备（斗争），准备行动(against)vt. 装备（防御工事）;准备（攻击或迎击）;配备;防护speedn. 速度;快速;昌盛;（汽车的）变速器，排挡 vt.& vi. 急行，加速vi. 超速;加速;迅速前行;兴隆blown. 殴打，打击;吹风，一阵风;意外的灾害;吹奏（声） vt.& vi. （风）吹;（轮胎等）爆炸 vt. 吹，吹气;使爆炸;奏出，演奏;使气喘sightn. 视力;看见;视野;景象vt. 看见，发现;瞄准;观察;调准瞄准器 vi. （用仪器）瞄准;观察pressvt. 压，按;逼迫;紧抱 vi. 压;逼迫;重压n. 强迫征兵;新闻报道，出版物;压榨;印刷机（厂）sleepvi.& linkv. 睡，睡觉 vi. 睡，睡觉;睡眠状态vt. 为…提供床位;提供住宿;以睡觉打发日子slipvi.滑，滑脱;犯过失，出错;（时间）不知不觉地过去;（健康状况等）变差 vt. 使顺利滑动;摆脱;放松，松开 n. 跌倒，失足;纸条;失误，口误;事故leadvt. 领导;引导;指挥 vi. 领导;导致;用水砣测深 n. 铅;领导;榜样;枪弹fallvi. 掉下，落下;下降，降低;摔倒，跌倒;倒塌，崩溃 vt. 阵亡;突然倒下n. 降落，下降;瀑布;秋天; （摔跤中）双肩着地covervt. 覆盖，遮蔽;采访，报导;涉及;包括n.盖子，覆盖物;（书等的）封面;隐蔽，遮蔽;（保险公司的）保险 vi. 代替;覆盖coachn. 教练;（铁路）旅客车厢;长途客运汽车;四轮大马车 vt.& vi. 训练;辅导;指导;burnvt.& vi.& linkv. （使）燃烧vt.& vi. 使用某物为燃料;烧毁;烧坏;烧伤n. 烧伤，烧痕aimvt. 瞄准;对准;踢向;挥向vi. 旨在;以…为目标;致力于;决定 n. 目的;目标;瞄准whileconj. 在…期间;与…同时;虽然;而 n. （一段）时间vt.消磨，打发（时间）;（愉快而懒散地）度过时间（常与 away 连...hardadj. 困难的;硬的;有力的;努力的 adv. 努力地;猛力地;严重地;沉重地 n. 英〉硬海滩，登陆处mindn.心，精神，心力，知，智力，智慧;心胸，头脑，人;愿望，目的，意向... vi. 介意;注意vt. 专心于;介意;愿意做;照顾mattern. 事件;（讨论、考虑等的）问题;重要性;物质 vi. 要紧，重要;化脓;有重大影响;有重要性troublen. 麻烦;烦恼;故障;动乱 vi. 费心;烦恼 vt. 麻烦;使烦恼;折磨。