英文版产业经济学教程第4章价格歧视

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Kinds of arbitrages
Possibility of price discrimination is related with possibility of arbitrage.
• One kind of arbitrage is related with transferability of goods.
《Harry potter》in painly packed edition vs. deluxe edition ,eg.
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• At the same time, we can’t say providing different quality goods to different consumers means no discrimination.
• In much case, discrete price maybe only reflect traffic cost and sales cost fee. And in certain case, universal price means discrimination on the contrary (fixed fee in bus eg.).
• The concept of “identical” goods： BMW in USA is the same to in German?
• General equilibrium theorist may point out with some excuse，goods delivered in different time, different location and different state or different quality is different goods, so scope of pure price discrimination is very limited.
ECNU Oriental Real Estate College
Chapter 4 Price discrimination
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4.1 Definition
• A prevalent marketing skill and economic phenomena. preferential price or quantity discount. eg.
• Sometimes people will think that if firms charge different price on different consumers for the same goods, it means price discrimination. But this understanding is incomplete.
2、the ability of effective market segmentation. 3、ensure of no arbitrage.
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Market segmentation
Can we find a right way to conduct market segmentation（the result must be related to price elasticity and WTP(willing to pay) • status • gender • age • Location • time • use • Purchasing amount
• Reason of providing service in different quality (such as classed cabin in aircrafts and trains) partly is to get consumers surplus by segmenting consumers into different groups
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Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
• Price discrimination means one firm sales the identical goods to different consumers with different net price.(Philips,1983)
Net price, subtract product difference from goods price.
• If transaction cost is low, price discrimination will encounter arbitrage, namely low-price consumers will buy for reselling to high-price consumers.
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Conditions of price discrimination
1、firms must has market power.
We often confine it in monopoly or oligopoly market, only when firms can price higher than marginal cost, can they charge different price on different consumers. Locay and Rodriguez,1992：competitive firms is possible to practice price discrimination, if consumers purchase in group unit.
• If price differentiation just reflects the cost difference of supplying to different consumers, we deem price discrimination doesn’t exist.
• Ratio test