最新版商务与经济学完整版术语表
(完整版)商务英语词汇大全
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商务英语词汇大全(一)economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in)cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 贡市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,贡shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 贡投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行贡par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club)二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场(加勒比贸易同盟)Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦贡市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three R's 读、写、算school year 学年term, trimester 学季semester 学期school day 教学日school holidays 假期curriculum 课程subject 学科discipline 纪律timetable 课程表class, lesson 课homework 家庭作业exercise 练习dictation 听写spelling mistake 拼写错误(short)course 短训班seminar 研讨班playtime, break 课间,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课course (of study)学业student body 学生(总称)classmate, schoolmate 同学pupil 小学生student 大学生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁听生swot, grind 用的学生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者(总称)teachers 教师(总称)primary school teacher 小学老师teacher lecturer 大学老师professor 教授schooling 教授,授课assistant 助教headmaster 校长(女性为:headmistress)deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长rector 校长dean 教务长laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员beadle, porter 门房,学校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue 文学教师(蔑称)of school age 教龄beginning of term 开学matriculation 注册to enroll, to enroll 予以注册to take lessons (学生)上课to teach (老师)上课to study 学习to learn by heart 记住,掌握to revise, to go over 复习test 考试to test 考试to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试convocation notice 考试通知examiner 考试者board of examiners 考试团examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试question 问题question paper 试卷crib 夹带(美作:trot)to pass an examination (或exam), 通过考试pass, passing grade 升级prizegiving 分配奖品to fall an examination 未通过考试failure 未考好to repeat a year 留级degree 学位graduate 毕业生to graduate 毕业project, thesis 毕业论文General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书(美作:high school diploma)holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生(美作:holder of a high school diploma)doctorate 博士学位doctor 博士competitive examination 答辩考试Chinese 语文English 英语Japanese 日语mathematics 数学science 理科gymnastics 体育history 历史algebra 代数geometry 几何geography 地理biology 生物chemistry 化学physics 物理physical geography 地球物理literature 文学sociology 社会学psycology 心理学philosophy 哲学engineering 工程学mechanical engineering 机械工程学electronic engineering 电子工程学medicine 医学social science 社会科学agriculture 农学astronomy 天文学economics 经济学politics 政治学commercial science 商学biochemistry 生物化学anthropology 人类学linguistics 语言学accounting 会计学law, jurisprdence 法学banking 银行学metallurgy 冶金学finance 财政学mass-communication 大众传播学journalism 新闻学atomic energy 原子能学civil engineering 土木工程architecture 建筑学chemical, engineering 化学工程accounting and statisics 会计统计business administration 工商管理library 图书馆学diplomacy 外交foreign language 外文botany 植物major 主修minor 辅修school 学校kindergarten 幼儿园infant school 幼儿学校primary school, junior school 小学secondary school 中学high school, secondary school 专科学校business school 商业学校technical school 工业学校technical college 专科学校(university)campus 大学university 大学boarding school 供膳宿的学校day school 日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生academy 专科学院faculty 系hall of residence 学校公寓classroom 教室lecture theatre 阅览室(美作:lecture theater)amphitheatre 阶梯教室(美作:amphitheater)staff room 教研室headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校长办公室(assembly)hall 礼堂library 图书馆playground 操场desk 课桌blackboard 黑板(a piece of)chalk 粉笔slate pencil 石板笔wall map 挂图skeleton map 廓图,示意图globe 地球仪text book 课本dictionary 词典encyclopedia 百科全书atlas地图集satchel 书包exercise book 练习本rough not book 草稿本(美作:scribbling pad)blotting paper 吸墨纸tracing paper 描图纸squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸(fountain)pen 自来水笔biro, ballpoint (pen)圆珠笔pencil 铅笔propelling pencil 自动铅笔pencil sharpener 铅笔刀,转笔刀ink 墨水inkwell 墨水池rubber, eraser 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 计算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圆规Ministry of Labour 劳工部(美作epartment of Labor)labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所(美作:Employment Bureau)labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬seasonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作assembly line work 组装线工作(美作:serial production)workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application(for a job)求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期labour costs, labour input 劳力成本fluctuation of labour 劳力波动(美作f labor)worker 工作者permanent worker 长期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人员employee 职员clerk, office worker 办公室人员salary earner 雇佣工人workman 工人organized labour 参加工会的工人skilled worker 技术工人unskilled worker 非技术工人specialized worker 熟练工人farm worker 农场工人labourer worker 农业工人day labourer 日工seasonal worker 季节工collaborator 合作者foreman 工头trainee, apprentice 学徒工apprenticeship 学徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 专家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级trade union 工会(美作:labor union)trade unionist 工团主义者trade unionism 工团主义guild 行会,同会,公会association, society, union 协会emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward (工厂的)工会代表(美作:union delegate)delegate 代表representative 代表works council 劳资联合委员会labour law 劳工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间overtime 业余时间remuneration 报酬pay, wage, salary 工资wage index 工资指数minimum wage 最低工资basic wage 基础工资gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 实际收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 计时工资monthly wages 月工资weekly wages 周工资piecework wage 计件工资maximum wage 最高工资(美作:wage ceiling)sliding scale 按物价计酬法payment in kind 用实物付酬daily wages 日工资premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励payday 发工资日, 付薪日pay slip 工资单payroll 薪水册unemployment benefit 失业救济old-age pension 退休金,养老金collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罢工striker 罢工者go-slow 怠工(美作:slow-down)lockout 停工(业主为抵制工人的要求而停工)staggered strike 阶段性罢工strike picket 罢工纠察队员strike pay 罢工津贴(由工会给的)strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者down tools, sit-down strike 静坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者(个人)the unemployed 失业者(集体)to discharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇dismissal 开除,解雇to terminate a contract 结束合同,结束契约negotiation 谈判collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist 接待员typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员pilot 驾驶员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员secretary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演talent 星探actor 男演员actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 俗学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家painter 画家musician 音乐家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 设计家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师dressmaker 女装裁剪师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师tailor 西装师傅beautician 美容师model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局长taxi driver 出租车司机clerk 店员mailman 邮差newspaper boy 报童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新闻评论人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 卖花人baker 面包师greengrocer 菜贩fish-monger 鱼贩butcher 肉贩shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店员stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌station agent 站长porter 行李夫car mechanic 汽车修理师architect 建筑师civil planner 城市设计师civil engineer 土木技师druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师guide 导游oil supplier 加油工(public)health nurse 保健护士dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工forman 工头doctor 医生nurse 护士宏观经济的macroeconomic通货膨胀inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的solvent合同contract汇率exchange rate紧缩信贷tighten credit creation私营部门private sector财政管理机构fiscal authorities宽松的财政政策slack fiscal policy 税法tax bill财政public finance财政部the Ministry of Finance平衡预算balanced budget继承税inheritance tax货币主义者monetariest增值税VAT (value added tax)收入revenue总需求aggregate demand商务英语词汇大全(二)货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recessiona period when the economy of a country is not successful, business conditions are bad, industrial production and trade are at a low level and there is a lot of unemployment经济好转turnabout复苏recovery成本推进型cost push货币供应money supply生产率productivity劳动力labor force实际工资real wages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-push inflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pull inflation双位数通货膨胀double- digit inflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronic inflation治理通货膨胀to fight inflation最终目标ultimate goal坏的影响adverse effect担保ensure贴现discount萧条的sluggish认购subscribe to支票帐户checking account货币控制工具instruments of monetry control 借据IOUs(I owe you)本票promissory notes货币总监controller of the currency拖收系统collection system支票清算或结算check clearing资金划拨transfer of funds可以相信的证明credentials改革fashion被缠住entangled货币联盟Monetary Union再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading欧元euro公共债务membership criteria汇率机制REM储备货币reserve currency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市bull market非凡的牛市a raging bull规模经济scale economcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-ask spreads 期货(贡)futures经济商行brokerage firm回报率rate of return贡equities违约default现金外流cash drains经济人佣金brokerage fee存款单CD(certificate of deposit营业额turnover资本市场capital market布雷顿森林体系The Bretton Woods System经常帐户current account套利者arbitrager远期汇率forward exchange rate即期汇率spot rate实际利率real interest rates货币政策工具tools of monetary policy银行倒闭bank failures跨国公司MNC (Multi-National Corporation)商业银行commercial bank商业票据comercial paper利润profit本票,期票promissory notes监督to monitor佣金(经济人)commission brokers套期保值hedge有价证券平衡理论portfolio balance theory外汇储备foreign exchange reserves固定汇率fixed exchange rate浮动汇率floating/flexible exchange rate货币选择权(期货)currency option套利arbitrage合约价exercise price远期升水forward premium多头买升buying long空头卖跌selling short按市价订购贡market order贡经纪人stockbroker国际货币基金the IMF七国集团the G-7监督surveillance同业拆借市场interbank market可兑换性convertibility软通货soft currency限制restriction交易transaction充分需求adequate demand短期外债short term external debt汇率机制exchange rate regime直接标价direct quotes资本流动性mobility of capital赤字deficit本国货币domestic currency外汇交易市场foreign exchange market国际储备international reserve利率interest rate资产assets国际收支balance of payments贸易差额balance of trade繁荣boom债券bond资本captial资本支出captial expenditures商品commodities商品交易所commodity exchange期货合同commodity futures contract普通贡common stock联合大企业conglomerate货币贬值currency devaluation通货紧缩deflation折旧depreciation贴现率discount rate归个人支配的收入disposable personal income 从业人员employed person汇率exchange rate财政年度fiscal year企业free enterprise国生产总值gross antional product库存inventory劳动力人数labor force债务liabilities市场经济market economy合并merger货币收入money income跨国公司Multinational Corproation个人收入personal income优先贡preferred stock价格收益比率price-earning ratio优惠贷款利率prime rate利润profit回报return on investment使货币升值revaluation薪水salary季节性调整seasonal adjustment关税tariff失业人员unemployed person效用utility价值value工资wages工资价格螺旋上升wage-price spiral收益yield补偿贸易compensatory trade, compensated deal 储蓄银行savings banks欧洲联盟the European Union单一的实体a single entity抵押贷款mortgage lending业主产权owner''''s equity普通股common stock无形资产intangible assets收益表income statement营业开支operating expenses行政开支administrative expenses现金收支一览表statement of cash flow贸易中的存货inventory收益proceeds投资银行investment bank机构投资者institutional investor垄断兼并委员会MMC招标发行issue by tender定向发行introduction代销offer for sale直销placing公开发行public issue信贷额度credit line国际债券international bonds欧洲货币Eurocurrency利差interest margin以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款leveraged loan权利股发行rights issues净收入比例结合net income gearing外贸中常见英文缩略词1 C2 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打11 PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等12 WT(weight)重量13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重14 N.W.(net weight)净重15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单16 EA(each)每个,各17 W (with)具有18 w/o(without)没有19 FAC(facsimile)传真20 IMP(import)进口21 EXP(export)出口22 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的25 M/V(merchant vessel)商船26 S.S(steamship)船运27 MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨28 DOC (document)文件、单据29 INT(international)国际的30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表31 INV (invoice)发票32 PCT (percent)百分比33 REF (reference)参考、查价34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递35 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传37 RMB(renminbi)人币38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记39 PR或PRC(price)价格40 PUR (purchase)购买、购货41 S/C(sales contract)销售确认书42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证43 B/L (bill of lading)提单44 FOB (free on board)离岸价45 CIF (cost,insurance补充:CR=credit贷方,债主DR=debt借贷方(注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。
商务术语完整版
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市场营销1. 市场份额(Market share):指一个企业的销售量或销售额在市场同类产品中所占的比重。
2.互补品(Complement goods):指两种商品必须互相配合才能共同满足消费者的同一种需要。
3. 核心产品(Core product):指向顾客提供的产品的基本效用或利益。
4. 经济成本(Economic cost):指由于课税而使纳税人被迫改变经济行为所造成的效率损失。
5.弹性预算(Flexible budget):指以预算期间可能发生的多种业务量水平为基础,分别确定与之相应的费用数额而编制的能适应多种业务量水平的费用预算。
6. 市场增长率(Growth rate of market):指产品或劳务的市场销售量或销售额在比较期内的增长比率。
7. 收入效应(Income effect):指由商品的价格变动所引起的实际收入水平变动,进而由实际收入水平变动引起的商品需求量的变动。
8. 间接贸易(Indirect trade):指商品生产国与商品消费国通过第三国进行买卖商品的行为。
9. 相关成本(Interrelated cost):指对企业经营管理有影响或在经营管理决策分析时必须加以考虑的各种形式的成本。
10. 直线职权(Line authority):直线人员所拥有的包括发布命令及执行决策等的权力,也就是通常所指的指挥权。
11. 产品线扩展(Line extension):指企业现有的产品线使用同一品牌,当增加该产品线的产品时,仍沿用原有的品牌。
12. 目标管理(Management by objectives):以目标为导向,以人为中心,以成果为标准,而使组织和个人取得最佳业绩的现代管理方法。
13. 边际收益(Marginal benefit):指增加一单位产品的销售所增加的收益,即最后一单位产品的售出所取得的收益。
14. 市场渗透(Market penetration):指实现市场逐步扩张的拓展战略。
11个商务术语 -回复
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11个商务术语-回复什么是商务术语?商务术语是在商业环境中使用的特定词汇和短语,用于描述商务活动和交流。
这些术语在商业领域中广泛使用,帮助人们更准确地传达和理解商务信息。
了解和应用商务术语对于在商业世界中成功地沟通和交流至关重要。
本文将介绍11个常用的商务术语,并详细解释它们的含义和用法。
一. 利润和损益表利润和损益表是一种用于记录和显示公司盈利和亏损情况的财务报表。
它显示了公司在一定时间内的收入、成本和利润。
这种报表是帮助企业主和投资者了解公司经营情况的重要工具。
二. 资本预算资本预算是企业为了购买资产或进行大规模投资项目而分配的资金的计划。
它通常是根据预计的投资回报率和现金流的分析来制定的。
资本预算帮助企业管理和规划资金使用,确保资源被有效地分配。
三. 市场营销策略市场营销策略是企业为了推广和销售产品或服务而制定的计划。
它包括市场调研、目标市场确定、产品定位、定价、促销和广告等方面。
市场营销策略的目标是提高产品或服务的市场份额和销售额。
四. 现金流量现金流量是衡量企业现金进出的资金流动状况。
它包括来自销售和投资的现金收入,以及用于付款和投资的现金支出。
现金流量报告帮助企业监控和控制资金,确保有足够的资金来支付开支和投资。
五. 供应链管理供应链管理涉及从原材料供应商到最终消费者之间的产品和服务流动的管理和协调。
它包括采购、生产、配送和客户服务等环节。
供应链管理旨在优化整个供应链的效率和成本,提高产品的交付和客户满意度。
六. 战略规划战略规划是企业为实现长期目标而制定的计划和行动方案。
它涉及确定组织愿景、确定目标、分析内外部环境、制定战略选择和实施战略措施等。
战略规划帮助企业在竞争激烈的市场中保持竞争优势。
七. 人力资源管理人力资源管理是指企业管理和开发员工的活动和职能。
它包括招聘、培训、绩效管理、员工福利和劳动法规方面的工作。
有效的人力资源管理可以帮助企业获得优秀的员工,并提高员工绩效和满意度。
11个商务术语 -回复
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11个商务术语-回复商务术语是商业领域中常用的术语和术语。
这些术语涉及到商务交流、市场营销、企业管理等方方面面。
在本文中,我将详细介绍11个常用的商务术语,并逐步解释它们的含义和用法。
1. 销售额(Sales Revenue):销售额是指企业在一定时间内通过销售产品或提供服务所产生的全部收入。
它是衡量企业盈利能力和市场竞争力的重要指标之一。
2. 市场份额(Market Share):市场份额是指一个企业或产品在特定市场中的销售额占总市场销售额的比例。
市场份额是衡量企业在特定市场中的竞争地位的指标,通常与竞争对手进行比较。
3. 总成本(Total Cost):总成本是指企业在生产和销售产品或提供服务过程中所发生的所有成本的总和。
它包括直接成本(如原材料和人工成本)和间接成本(如管理和营销费用)。
4. 利润率(Profit Margin):利润率是指企业在销售额中实现的利润的百分比。
它是衡量企业盈利能力的指标,较高的利润率通常意味着企业的经营效益较好。
5. 市场调研(Market Research):市场调研是指通过收集、分析和解释市场数据来了解市场需求、竞争环境和客户行为的过程。
市场调研是制定市场营销策略和做出商业决策的重要基础。
6. 品牌认知(Brand Awareness):品牌认知是指消费者对某个品牌的知晓程度和记忆程度。
品牌认知是企业建立品牌影响力和忠诚度的重要因素。
7. 客户关系管理(Customer Relationship Management,CRM):客户关系管理是指通过有效管理和应对客户需求,建立和维护良好的客户关系的一系列活动和策略。
CRM有助于提供个性化的客户服务和促进销售。
8. 营销渠道(Marketing Channel):营销渠道是指产品从制造商到最终消费者之间的经销路径。
它包括制造商、批发商、零售商和最终消费者等环节。
选择合适的营销渠道对于产品的销售和市场推广至关重要。
最新版商务与经济学完整版商数公式
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第四章--微分Rules of Differentiation1.基本求导公式(1)(C)'=0 p252(2)(x n)’=nx n-1 p245(3)P333 与复合函数求导结合(e x)’=e x(e mx)=e mx*mlnmx=1/mx*m(4)(lnx)'=1/x p334(5)h(x)=cf(x) then h’(x)=cf’(x) p2512.导数的四则运算加法和减法法则h(x)=f(x)+g(x) then h’(x)=f’(x)+g’(x) P252乘法法则(uv)’=u’v+uv' P278(u、v为可导函数)商法则(u/v)'=(u'v-uv')/v2 △ P2813.The chain rule链式法则p276(复合函数求导)如果y是一个关于u的函数,u本身是关于x的函数,则:dy/dx=dy/du * du/dx4.反函数求导法则设函数y=f(x)在某一区间单调、连续,又在该区间内一点x处导数f'(x)存在且不为零,则反函数x=u(y)在对应点y处存在导数u'(x),且有u'(x)=1/f'(x)4.1和4.2高中学过导数的跳过~4.3边际函数Marginal Functions主要任务:三个领域中的应用1.收益和成本--计算边际收益MR(marginal revenue)和边际成本MC(marginal cost)主用公式:2.2:p129/p131/p132*P与Q的关系式(题目中会给出)若P(price价格)为常数,P与Q(quantity 数量)无关,则为完全竞争市场;若P为关于Q的表达式,则为垄断市场,P 随Q的增加而下降。
1*TR=PQ(TR总收益-total revenue,P-price,Q-sales of Q goods)2*π=TR-TC(π利润profit,因以用p表示price,所以此处用π表示profit)3*TC=FC+(VC)Q(TC总成本-total cost,FC固定成本-fixed cost,VC可变成本-variable cost)4*AC=TR/Q(AC平均成本-average cost)4.3公式1* MR=TR'边际收益是总收益对需求量的导数 p262同理,MC=TC'边际成本是总成本对产出的微分p267(一定将TR、TC写成关于Q的表达式而非关于P的表达式,求导后才是MR、MC)2*Δ(TR)≈MR×ΔQ p264 ΔTR的近似计算公式2. 生产--计算劳动边际产出MP L(marginal product of labour);证明边际产出递减规律MP L=dQ/dL边际产出是产出对劳动的微分(Q关于L的函数)(Q产量-output,L劳动力-labour)若证明边际产出递减规律,则再对MP L求导,证明其恒<0)3. 消费和储蓄--计算边际消费倾向MPC(marginal propensity to consume)和边际储蓄倾向MPS(marginal propensity to save)用到1.6内容Y国民收入-national income,C消费-consumption,S储蓄-savingsC=aY+b(0<a<1,a为边际消费倾向即MPC)Y=C+SMPC+MPS=1MPC=C'(Y) MPS=1-MPC4.5弹性Elasticity主要任务:1.计算弧弹性和点弹性;需求函数的价格弹性Price elasticity of Demand(经济学中一般用来衡量需求的数量随商品的价格的变动而变动的情况)☆因需求函数中P上升(价格)时,Q(需求数量)下降,即ΔP>0时,ΔQ<0,为使E符号位正,求时需加负号E= -需求变化的百分数/价格变化的百分数☆弧弹性Elasticity averaged along an arc(题目给出两点,两点平均,不用求导)E=-ΔQ/ΔP * P/QΔQ=Q2-Q1,ΔP=P2-P1 , P=(P1+P2)/2 ,Q=(Q1+Q2)/2☆点弹性Elasticity at a point(在一点的弹性,需求此点的导数)E=-Q’P *P/QQ’P=1/P’Q供给函数的价格弹性Price Elasticity of Supply除了应去掉负号外与需求函数价格弹性公式都相同因供给中P(价格)上升时,Q(企业产出数量)上升,即ΔP>0时,ΔQ>0,E为正,故前不用加负号△此节特别注意正负号问题,不能漏加,也不能少加,Demand有负号,Supply 没有(供给与需求中,P、Q关系,涉及1.3内容p53)2.求出E后,判断供给和需求函数是缺乏弹性、单位弹性还是富有弹性E<1 inelasricE=1unit elasticE>1 elastic3.公式变形,求出E后,由价格变化ΔP/P*100%求需求或供给ΔQ/Q*100%,或P、Q反过来求也一样4.6经济函数的最优化1.求驻点stationary pointf '(x)=02.求局部最大maximumf ''(x)<03.求局部最小minimumf ''(x)>04.拐点f ''(x)=o5.计算并证明在劳动平均产出的最大点处MP L=AP L6.计算并证明在利润π最大点处MR=MC(π'=0,π'=MR-MC , π''=MR'-MC'<0,MR'<MC')(p312的例题,和第一章的收税问题结合,比较好~很值得一看!参考1.2 p55例题用到公式市场均衡时,Q S=Q D=Q*对企业单位商品征税t:需求函数不变,供给函数由P=cQ s+d,变为P=cQ s+d+t △重要,注意t加在等式的右边政府总税收T=tQ*)求极值就求导,一阶导数为0,→stationary point,然后再求二阶导数,证明其是max或min4.7经济函数的进一步优化主要任务:1.没有价格歧视price discrimination时,函数都用Q表示,用已证明的在利润π最大点处MR=MC,且MR'<MC'解题,计算利益最大时,两种商品的价格2.有价格歧视时,为了方便,可以TR、TC、π都用P表示,用π'=0,计算两种商品的价格(黄万阳老师就这么做的,跟课本上不同,但其实原理都一样)4.8AP L=Q/LAP L’=0AP L’’<0,max,AP L’’>0,min仍为求极值问题,只不过求导用了乘法、除法和链式法则而已,若考了,知道怎么求导,注意一下求导的时候仔细点就ok,此节不做重点,看p338例题第三章--金融数学Mathematics of Finance3.1百分数percentages主要任务:1.使用百分数表示各种东西,初中内容而已,果断跳过2.求指数时,被选择的基期年份的值为100,指数=相对基期的比例因子*100,求出然后进行各年间的比较index number=scale factor form base year*100(P187也有个小公式,不写了,不一定能出大题,有兴趣的童鞋看一下)3.Inflation通货膨胀△annual rate of inflation年通货膨胀率(上一年所选定的商品和劳务价格在本年度平均变化的百分比)nominal data名义值(最初的原始数据)real data真值(又叫实际值,是考虑到通货膨胀后调整过的数据)比较名义价格与实际价格的上涨p189例题3.2 Compound interest 复利公式1.S=P(1+r/100)nP-本金principal,S-终值future value,r-年复利,t-时间△注意题目所给interest一般就是以年为单位的年复利r%,一般r%<0.有一年复利,半年复利,季度复利,每月复利,每周复利,即根据年利率将其分成2份、4份、12份、52份。
BEC商务英语经济词汇
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【BEC商务英语和你日常生活息息相关的常用经济词汇】献给准备BEC考试和热爱英语的同学更新中……来源:刘哲夫Jeff的日志Market share 市场份额 business line (scope of business)营业范围Business volume (sale volume)营业额 by product 副产品 chain debts 三角债Premium wage 奖励工资 complete plant 成套设备 financial statement 财政报告Clearance sale 清仓甩卖 finished process goods (semi-manufactured goods)半成品 economic restructuring 经济改组Clause 条款 rock bottom 最低的例如:rock bottom price 最低价 delivery note 送货单trade deficit 逆差 trade surplus 顺差 date of availability 可到职时间(简历里要用)letter of application 求职申请信 letter of recommendation 推荐信Foreign funded enterprises 外资企业 state owned enterprises 国有企业 pri vate enterprises 私有企业Defense expenditures 国防开支 labor saving节省劳动力的 ballot rigging 选举舞弊(anti)Dumping (反)倾销 debt ridden 负债累累的 death duty 遗产税For the attention of sb 由某人亲启(信函) fictitious bill 空头支票favorable condition 有利条件 initial capital(fund)创业基金、资金 flow char t 流程图作业图Hand bill =leaflet 传单 trail period 试用期 internships 实习期royalty 版权税专利费 initial payment 首付比如买房子的首付 economic indicator 经济指标Opportunity cost 机会成本 premature consumption 超前消费 job title 工作头衔Listed company 上市公司 livelihood 生计谋生之道 monetary unit 货币单位denomination 面值 appreciate (货币)升值 depreciate = devalue(货币)贬值night shift 晚班夜班investment trust 投资信托公司 industrial dispute 劳资纠纷 first hand 第一手资料 secondary data 二手资料interest free 无息的 housing allowance 住房补贴 housing loan 住房贷款money spinner 摇钱树赚钱的生意 haggle 讲价砍价 union 工会 hand fee/ charg e 手续费opportunity cost 机会成本 trade price 批发价 retail price 零售价refund of duty 退税(in)eligible product (不)合格产品 froth (bubble)经济泡沫market segment 市场细分 market report 市场报告 pay day 发薪日 pay slip 工资条工资单e commence 电子商务 binding force 约束力 heavy tax 重税 tax free 免税的horizontal integration (国家间经济关系的)横向合并 insurance coverage 保险范围self employed 个体经营 backlog 积压 handling capacity (港口)装卸能力futures (goods)期货 on approval 包退试用的例如:I bought a LED on approval y esterdaystarting salary 起薪入职薪金 free offer 赠品 profit sharing 利润分红loss ratio 赔付率(指保险公司在一定时期内赔偿保险损失额与收到的保险费间的比率)pass on 转嫁例如:the losses of the worldwide economic downturn were passed on th e developing countrysale representative 销售代表 sale territory 销售领域范围 industrial accident 工伤import barrier 进口关税壁垒 face value 字面意义表面价值 bad debt (会计)坏账,指那些收不回来的账面back office 后勤部门 economic take off 经济起飞 professionals(talent)market 人才市场factory price 出厂价 bail out 政府财政救助 per capita 每人按人均分配的例如:China is the third largest economic complex but the but the per capita income is v e ry low!Patent office 专利局 intellectual property right 知识产权 rebate (kickback)回扣Market oriented 市场导向 performance related pay 绩效工资 quotation 行情报价Quotation table 行情表 maternity leave 产假 effective money 硬币 market mechanis m 市场机制lock up (资金)套牢 downsize 裁员 redundancy pay 裁员补贴遣散费 payroll 工资表exclusive agency 独家代理商 exclusive interview 独家专访 program rating 节目收视率economic sanction 经济制裁 membership 会员身份 telemarketing 电话销售legal aid 法律援助 horizontal competition 同行竞争水平竞争 operating performan ce 经营业绩out of stock 脱销 multinational 多国的跨国的例如:as we all know Dell inc is a multinational companyCash cop 经济作物 endowment assurance 养老保险 panic buying 抢购(因战争、经济危机等社会因素引起的)Bilateral 双边的例如:双边贸易 bilateral trade equal opportunity 均等机会 wo rkaholic 工作狂 taxpayer 纳税人 moorage 港口停泊费 journeyman =temp 短工临时工Imitation brand 冒牌 negotiable 可谈判、可商榷的 deputy manager 副经理 exhibito r 参展商force majeure=act of god 不可抗力 reinstate 复职 idle cost 闲散资金 user fri endly 易操作的例如:this interface is user friendlyexpansion project (业务)扩展计划 parent company 母公司 subsidiary company 子公司date of expiry(deadline)截止日期 multi purpose 多功能 pawn ticket 当票surcharge 附加费例如:燃油附加费 fuel surcharge middleman 中间人 export subsidi es 出口补贴bank lending银行贷款 multi-industry 多种经营的例如:multi indusatry cooperation 从事多种经营的公司(micro) macroeconomic (微观)宏观经济 financial institution 金融机构keynote address 政策性演讲比如温家宝在夏季达沃斯论坛上阐述我国经济政策的演讲embezzlement 挪用公款 household consumption 家庭消费 pyramid selling 传销,金字塔型销售purchasing power 购买力 advanced payment 预付款 clock on/off 上/下班 joint ve nture 联合投资advertising agency 广告公司 advertising campaign 广告活动 foreman 领班 caution money 保证金established brand 畅销品牌 press conference 新闻发布会 transfer duty 过户税established international practice 国际惯例 mass produce 大量生产批量生产 price war 价格战encash 兑现(支票) on stop shopping 一次性采购 jingle 顺口溜 branch ofice 办事处office hours 办公时间 mean price 平均价格 necessities 生活必需品 economic stimul us package经济刺激计划 installment 分期付款 tycoon 大亨 moral hazard 道德风险(由于投保人不可靠可能遭受的风险)monopoly 垄断 maternity leave 产假 maternity pay 产假工资mandatory 强制性的 leagal holiday 法定假日 L/G( letter of guarantee ) 信用担保书labour intensive 劳动密集型 technology transfer 技术转让 earmark 专项拨款pubilc spending (政府)公共消费公共支出 public treasury 国库non refundable 不可退换的 IOU(i owe you)欠条 saturation (市场、需求)饱和pillar industry 支柱产业 economic restructuring 经济重组 preferential tariff ra tes.特惠的关税率。
商务术语完整版
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商务术语完整版商务术语在现代商业交流中起着至关重要的作用,它们是商务沟通不可或缺的组成部分。
本文将全面介绍商务术语的定义和用法,以增进读者对商务交流的理解。
首先,我们来了解商务术语的定义。
商务术语是指在商业领域常用的特定词汇或短语,用于描述商务活动、解释商业概念或交流商业观点。
这些术语通常具有明确的含义,被商界人士广泛采用。
接下来,我们将介绍一些常见的商务术语及其用法。
这些术语可以根据其用途和领域进行分类。
1. 销售与营销术语(1)市场调研(Market Research): 指对市场进行系统的调查研究,以收集与分析与产品或服务相关的数据,为企业的决策提供依据。
(2)目标市场(Target Market): 是指企业将产品或服务所针对的特定消费者群体。
企业需要确定目标市场,以便将有限的资源集中投入到最有潜力的市场。
2. 财务术语(1)资产负债表(Balance Sheet): 描述了企业在特定时间点上的资产、负债和净资产状况。
它通过列出企业的资产和负债来衡量企业的财务健康状况。
(2)经营利润(Operating Profit): 是指企业在正常经营活动中所获得的利润,即扣除直接成本和间接费用后的净利润。
3. 国际贸易术语(1)出口(Export): 指将产品或服务从本国销售给国外,以获取收入和扩大市场份额。
(2)进口(Import): 指从国外购买产品或服务,并引进到本国市场。
4. 人力资源术语(1)招聘(Recruitment): 是指企业根据需求,在特定时期内寻找和吸引合适的人才加入企业。
(2)绩效评估(Performance Appraisal): 是指根据明确的标准和指标对员工的工作表现进行评估和反馈,以便提供改进和奖励机制。
5. 项目管理术语(1)甘特图(Gantt Chart): 是一种用于展示项目各个任务的时间轴图,以便团队成员和项目经理能够更好地了解项目的进度和关键任务。
(2)风险管理(Risk Management): 是指在项目进行过程中识别并评估潜在的风险,并制定应对措施来降低或消除风险的过程。
商务英语词汇大全
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商务英语词汇大全一、基本商务术语1. 商务活动(Business Activity)2. 市场营销(Marketing)3. 销售额(Sales Revenue)4. 成本(Cost)5. 利润(Profit)6. 投资回报率(Return on Investment, ROI)7.SWOT分析(Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)8. 目标市场(Target Market)9. 市场细分(Market Segmentation)10. 定位(Positioning)二、商务谈判术语1. 谈判(Negotiation)2. 合同(Contract)3. 报价(Quotation)4. 还价(Counteroffer)5. 成交(Close the Deal)6. 付款方式(Payment Terms)7. 交货期(Delivery Time)8. 质量保证(Quality Assurance)9. 售后服务(Aftersales Service)10. 合作伙伴(Business Partner)三、商务函电术语1. 询盘(Inquiry)2. 报盘(Offer)3. 订单(Order)4. 发票(Invoice)5. 装箱单(Packing List)6. 信用证(Letter of Credit, L/C)7. 汇票(Bill of Exchange)8. 托运单(Shipping Order)9. 提单(Bill of Lading)10. 保险(Insurance)四、人力资源术语1. 招聘(Recruitment)2. 简历(Resume)3. 面试(Interview)4. 培训(Training)5. 薪资(Salary)6. 福利(Benefits)7. 绩效考核(Performance Appraisal)8. 晋升(Promotion)9. 劳动合同(Labor Contract)10. 职业规划(Career Planning)五、企业运营术语1. 企业战略(Corporate Strategy)2. 企业文化(Corporate Culture)3. 组织结构(Organizational Structure)4. 部门(Department)5. 团队协作(Teamwork)6. 项目管理(Project Management)7. 生产计划(Production Plan)8. 供应链管理(Supply Chain Management)9. 库存(Inventory)10. 客户关系管理(Customer Relationship Management, CRM)六、财务与会计术语1. 财务报表(Financial Statements)2. 资产(Assets)3. 负债(Liabilities)4. 所有者权益(Owner's Equity)5. 现金流(Cash Flow)7. 资产负债表(Balance Sheet)8. 利润分配(Profit Distribution)9. 折旧(Depreciation)10. 纳税(Taxation)七、国际贸易术语1. 进口(Import)2. 出口(Export)3. 贸易壁垒(Trade Barrier)4. 关税(Tariff)5. 配额(Quota)6. 原产地证明(Certificate of Origin)7. 贸易术语(Trade Terms,如FOB、CIF等)8. 国际支付(International Payment)9. 外汇(Foreign Exchange)10. 世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization, WTO)八、市场营销策略术语1. 市场调研(Market Research)2. 产品生命周期(Product Life Cycle)3. 广告(Advertising)4. 促销(Promotion)5. 公关(Public Relations)6. 品牌战略(Brand Strategy)7. 网络营销(Internet Marketing)8. 社交媒体营销(Social Media Marketing)9. 客户满意度(Customer Satisfaction)10. 忠诚度计划(Loyalty Program)九、企业管理术语1. 领导力(Leadership)2. 决策(Decision Making)3. 风险管理(Risk Management)4. 企业伦理(Business Ethics)5. 知识管理(Knowledge Management)6. 创新能力(Innovation Capability)7. 企业形象(Corporate Image)8. 危机管理(Crisis Management)9. 持续改进(Continuous Improvement)10. 企业社会责任(Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR)十、电子商务术语2. 在线支付(Online Payment)3. 网络安全(Network Security)4. 顾客评价(Customer Review)6. 网络营销策略(Online Marketing Strategy)7. 搜索引擎优化(Search Engine Optimization, SEO)8. 率(Clickthrough Rate, CTR)9. 转化率(Conversion Rate)通过这些词汇的积累,您将能够在商务交流中更加得心应手,展现出您的专业素养和沟通能力。
最新商务类高频词组中口经济、金融、税收类词汇
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商务类高频词组中口经济、金融、税收类词汇商务类高频词组(中口经济、金融、税收类词汇)1.economist 经济学家2.socialist economy 社会主义经济3.capitalist economy 资本主义经济4.collective economy 集体经济5.planned economy 计划经济6.protectionism 保护主义7.autarchy 闭关自守8.economic channels 经济渠道9.economic fluctuation 经济波动10.economic depression 经济衰退11.economic stability 经济稳定12.economic policy 经济政策13.economic recovery 经济复原14.holding company 控股公司15.trust 托拉斯16.economic trend 经济趋势17.economic situation 经济形势18.infrastructure 基本建设19.standard of living 生活标准,生活水平20.purchasing power, buying power 购买力21.scarcity 短缺22.stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气23.initial capital 创办资本24.fixed assets 固定资产25.circulating capital, working capital 流动资本26.available capital 可用资产27.reserve 准备金,储备金28.allocation of funds 资金分配29.working capital fund 周转基金30.revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金31.reserve fund 准备金32.buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金33.investment 投资,资产34.self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给35.money 货币36.issue 发行37.ready money 现钱38.cash 现金39.banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)40.to pay (in) cash 付现金41.domestic currency, local currency本国货币42.convertible currencies 可兑换货币43.exchange rate 汇率,兑换率44.foreign exchange 外汇45.floating exchange rate 浮动汇率46.free exchange rates 汇兑市场47.runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀48.deflation 通货紧缩49.capital flight 资本外逃50.stock exchange corporation 证券交易所51.stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所52.quotation 报价,牌价53.share 股份,贡54.shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东55.dividend 股息,红利56.investment trust 投资信托57.stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司58.income gain 股利收入59.bull 买手, 多头60.bear 卖手, 空头61.opening price 开盘62.closing price 收盘63.hard times 低潮64.business recession 景气衰退65.doldrums 景气停滞66.dull 盘整67.raising limit 涨停板68.break 暴跌69.Wall Street 华尔街70.short term loan 短期贷款71.long term loan 长期贷款72.medium term loan 中期贷款73.interest 利息74.rate of interest 利率75.redemption 偿还76.insurance 保险77.mortgage 抵押78.allotment 拨款79.drawing 提款,提存80.allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴81.cost 成本,费用82.expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出83.upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用84.transport costs 运输费用85.social charges 社会负担费用86.contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用87.apportionment of expenses 分摊费用88.income 收入,收益89.earnings 利润,收益90.gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益91.profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率92.yield 产量收益,收益率93.increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值94.taxation system 税制95.taxation 征税,纳税96.fiscal charges 财务税收97.value added tax 增值税98.income tax 所得税99.tax-free 免税的100.taxpayer 纳税人。
商务术语
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术语: 1.The special Economic Zone 经济特区 2.a well-placed source 一位高层消息灵通人士3.infrastructure 基础设施 4.capital stock 实际资本 5.consumer goods 消费品 6.preferential tax rate 优惠税率 7.cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业 8.ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区 9.entrepreneurship 企业家精神 10.means of production 生产资料 11.stock-taking 评估 12.Allocation of resources 资源配置13.macroregulation and control 宏观调控 14.fiscal policies 财政政策 15.tight monetary policy 紧缩的货币政策 16.working capital 运营资本 17.basic policy 基本国策 18.technical transformation 技术革新二、词语释义: 1.in piecemeal form: piece by piece; gradually 逐渐的 2.showpiece: a prime or outstanding example 典范 3.pipedream: fantasy; daydream; dream that cannot be realized 白日梦 4.from scratch: from the very beginning 从零开始,从最初开始5.grassroots: basic level 基层 6.the dust settles: the confusion ends 尘埃落定 7.in the driver’s seat: in the dominant position1.A clearly confident China has rolled up a large section of its bamboo curtain, declared itself “open to the outside world” and hung signs on nearly all its cities inviting foreign investors to come and do serious business. 明显地,满怀信心的中国卷起了大部分的竹幕,并宣布向外部世界开放,打出邀请外国投资者来它所有的城市投资项目的招牌。
商务术语
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国际商务英语术语Lesson one国际贸易(国内贸易)international / domestic business 当事人party关税区customs area货币currency兑换conversion经济全球化economic globalization企业enterprise有形贸易(无形贸易)(in-)visible trade商品贸易(服务贸易)commodity / service trade国内生产总值GDP国际投资International business外商直接投资FDI回报return资产asset证券投资portfolio investment东道国(投资国)host / home country股票stock债券bond大额存单certificate of deposit国际许可international licensing许可授予方(许可使用方)licenser / licensee特许经营franchising特许授予方(特许使用方)franchiser / franchiser知识产权intellectual property商标trade-mark品牌brand name公司标志logo版权copy-right专利patent产权(版权或专利)使用费royalty关税customs duty非关税壁垒non-tariff barrier已认可商品或服务established product or service管理合同management contract生产合同(承包生产)contract manufacturing“交钥匙”工程turn-key project红利bonus专业知识或技能expertise预算budget“建设、经营与移交”工程BOT承包商contractor投资商investorper capita income 人均收入per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费主义income distribution 收入分布infrastructure 基础设施staple goods 大路货invoice (开)发票creditor country 债权国OECD 经合组织,经济合作与开发组织Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development CIS 独联体,独立国家联合体ASEAN 东盟,东南亚国家联盟NIEs 亚洲四小虎factors of production 生产要素区域)经济一体化(regional) economic integration自由贸易区free trade area关税同盟Customs Union关税税率tariff rates结算settlement北美自由贸易协定NAFTA共同市场common market货币流通banknotes circulation卡特尔cartel亚太经合组织APEC石油输出国组织OPEC经济联盟economic union政治联盟political union欧盟EU欧洲委员会European Commission部长理事会Council of Ministers双部长会议Dual-Ministerial Meeting配额限制quota restrictions欧洲共同体European Community荷比卢三国Benelux南方共同市场Mercosur欧洲煤钢共同体ECSC欧洲经济共同体EEC欧洲原子能共同体EURATOM高官会议SOM贸易投资便利化自由化TILF经济技术合作ECOTECH政治实体political entity主权国家sovereign state多极化multi-polarization分委员会sub-committee区域经济territory economies环太平洋圈Pacific Rim领导人非正式会议Informal Meeting of Economic Leade Lesson股东share-holder经济全球化economic globalization董事会board of directors投入input经济环境economic environment总部head-quarters分公司branch / subsidiary母公司parent子公司affiliate投资国home country东道国host country跨国公司MNC跨国企业MNE规模经济economy of scale数量的增多和规模的增大increase and growth(除去通货膨胀后的实际收入) revenue adjusted for inflation Lesson five服务/劳务services初级产品primary commodity专业化specialization绝对利益absolute advantage比较利益comparative advantage资本capital土地和劳动力land & labor农产品farm produce稀缺资源scarce resourcesLesson 6关税tariff配额quota进口关税import duty出口关税export duty从价税ad valorem duty从量税specific duty混合关税(复税)compound duties退税draw-back(非)关税壁垒(non-)tariff barrier s最惠国待遇MFN treatment税率表(税则)tariff schedule普惠制GSP合理的成本reasonable costs关税区customs area关税同盟Customs UnionLesson seven交易deal贸易术语;交易条件trade terms贸易惯例trade practices可转让negotiable电子数据交换EDI清关,结关customs clearance发运,发送dispatch / despatch国际商会ICC滚装滚卸的roll on-roll off国际贸易术语解释通则Incoterms可转让的装运单据negotiable transport document 工厂交货EXW货交承运人FCA装运港船边交货FAS转运港船上交货FOB跟单信用证统一惯例UCP成本加运费价CFR成本、保险费加运费价(“抵岸价”) CIF运费付至CPT运费、保险费付至CIP边境交货DAF目的港船上交货DES目的港码头交货DEQ进口国完税后交货DDP进口国完税后交货DDULesson eight询盘,询价quotation报价inquiry / enquiry有效期validity (period)发盘,报盘,出价offer(反)还盘(re-)counter-offer报盘人,发盘人offerer接盘人,受盘人offeree销售(采购)合同sales contract / purchase contract 销售(采购)确认书sales (purchase) confirmation 寄售consignment缔约方contracting (contraction) parties业务范围,经营范围(business) line仲裁arbitration合同正文contract proper货号article number首次询价a first inquiry实盘firm offer虚盘non-firm offer商品交易会trade fair已履行的合同executed contract待履行的合同executory contract合同争议的解决dispute settlement诉讼law suit (legal action, litigation)Lesson nine对销贸易、反向贸易counter trade极度通货膨胀hyperinflation德国国家银行Reichsbank进出口合同cross-border contract贸易保护主义protectionism金融市场financial market清算系统、清算制度clearing system实际头寸net position补偿贸易compensation trade贸易信贷往来账户trade credit accounts易货贸易barter反向购买、互购贸易counter purchase回购贸易buyback竖式的、涉及生产销售全过程的vertical中央计划经济国家centrally planned economies 竞争性贬值competitive devaluation大众汽车公司V olkswagen施乐公司Xerox Corporation加工贸易processing trade寄售consignment租赁贸易leasing trade拍卖auction代理agency货币市场money market贴现市场discount market资本市场capital market有价证券市场securities market证券交易所stock Exchange外汇市场foreign exchange market黄金市场gold market欧洲支付联盟EPU贸易信贷往来账户trade credit accounts外汇短缺foreign exchange shortages政策目标policy objectiveLesson ten债务人(债权人)debtor (creditor)借方debit财务状况financial standing / status / strength资信可靠状况credit worthiness分阶段付款periodic payments预付现金cash in advance汇票draft出票人drawer受票人drawee收款人、领款人payee即期汇票sight draft远期汇票usance draft光票clean draft跟单汇票documentary draft跟单托收documentary collection记账交易open account付款交单D/P承兑交单D/A即期付款交单D/P at sight远期付款交单D/P after sight货物所有权title to the goods货物所有权ownership to the goods保险单(insurance) policy汇付remittancelesson eleven信用证letter of credit (L/C)申请人applicant / opener / principal开证行issuing/establishing/opening bank受益人beneficiary往来行correspondent bank通知行advising bank保兑行confirming bank付款行paying bank议付行negotiating bank修改amendment偿付reimbursement单价unit price分批装运partial shipment转运trans-shipment跟单信用证统一惯例UCP以…为受益人in the favor of sb (in sb’s favor; with sb as the beneficiary) 载货船只The carrying vesselLesson twelve延期付款deferred payment无偿还能力insolvent光票信用证Clean Credit跟单信用证Documentary Credit可撤销信用证Revocable Credit不可撤销信用证Irrevocable Credit保兑信用证Confirmed Credit不保兑信用证Unconfirmed Credit即期信用证Sight Credit远期信用Usance Credit可转让信用证Transferable Credit不可转让信用证Non-Transferable Credit 无汇票信用证Non-Draft Credit循环信用证Revolving Credit非贸易结算non-trade settlement(票据)到期maturity使…国有化nationalize主要银行leading bank资金周转capital turn-over面值face value贴现discountLesson thirteen单据documents单据的制作或使用documentation提货take delivery of佣金commission折扣discount唛头、运输标记shipping marks提(货)单bill of lading承运人carrier货主、发货人shipper承运人consignor运输,运费carriage收货人consignee到货通知人、被通知人notify party应支付的、可支付的payable空运(提)单airway bill(铁路)收货单railway bill保险单(大保单)insurance policy保险单(小保单)insurance certificate 路运单、货运收据cargo receipt商业发票commercial invoice合法持有人legal holder海关发票customs invoice领事发票consular invoice领事签证consular visa装船通知shipping advice品质证书certificate of quality量证书certificate of weight数量证书certificate of quantity健康证书certificate of health消毒证书certificate of disinfection产地证书certificate of origin兽医证书veterinary certificate装箱单packing list记名提单straight bill of lading装运港port of shipmenLesson fourteen制成品finished products放松管制deregulation生产率productivity节约成本cost economies中间产品、半成品intermediate products 自然产品领域natural product provinces 存货、库存inventory物流logistics承运人carrier托运人(货主)consignor / shipper运输transportation货物运输freight transportation收货人consignee零库存just-in-time inventory system公共承运人common carrier契约承运人contract carrier自有承运人private carrier代表性的运载工具representative carriers 生产方式production approachlesson fifteen被保险人,投保人(the) insured保险人,承保人(the) insurer索赔claim客户,主顾client保证金margin提取,支取draw危险,风险jeopard文献,说明书literature保险公司insurance company已知的保险费known premium货物保险cargo insurance海上保险marine insurance损失的价值values exposed to loss腾出资金release of funds经纪人broker统筹的资金,共同的款项poorlesson sixteen始发港port of origin无效的voidable赔偿原则indemnity破产ruin可保利益insurable interest价格条件、买卖条款terms of sale全险、一切险、综合险All Risks最大诚信原则principle of utmost good faith代位求偿原则subrogation分摊原则contribution转运费forwarding charges平安险F. P.A.水渍险W.P.A. (or W.A.)受到负面影响adversely affected不可抗力force majeure近因原则proximate cause of the loslesson seventeen汇率、兑换率exchange rate金本位制gold standard钉住、挂钩peg储备货币reserve currency清洁浮动、自由浮动clean float肮脏浮动、管理浮动dirty float贴现率discount rate游资、热钱、闲置资金idle funds(汇率)直接标价direct quote / quotation(汇率)间接标价indirect quote / quotation买入价buying rate卖出价selling rate中间价medial rate平价(货币的票面价格)par value大萧条Great Depression特别提款权SDRs国际收支BOP国际收支赤字/国际收支盈余(顺差)BOP deficit / favorable BOP 外汇管制Foreign exchange control固定汇率/浮动汇率Fixed exchange rate / Flexible exchange rate 按比例Pro rataLesson eighteen资金financial resources提供资金finance收益、赢利earnings私营经济private sector股权投资equity investment优惠期、宽限期grace period基础建设资金capital infrastructure世界银行集团World Bank Group国际复兴开发银行IBRD国际发展协会IDA国际金融公司IFC多边投资担保机构MIGA国际货币基金组织IMF国际清算银行BIS经济结构调整economic restructuring投票权voting power借款权borrowing power黄金份额gold tranche黄金储备gold reserve备用(信贷)安排standby arrangement份额quota of IMF特别提款权SDLesson nineteen收益、利润returns客户流动customer mobility库存、存货inventory免税期tax holiday绿地战略green-field strategy并购acquisition合资企业joint ventureLesson twenty投资者investor有价证券securities资金finance普通股equities经纪人,掮(qián)客broker股票买卖经纪人jobber保护,防御hedge亏空,不足short-fall证券交易stock exchange长期资本long-term capital二级资本市场secondary capital market原始资金的筹措primary capital raising交易场地market floor证券商market maker挂牌证券交易市场listed market所得税income tax金边证券、优等证券gilt-edged stocks / securities期权options合算、成本低廉cost-effective公共部门融资缺口public sector borrowing requirement 账目、账簿books增值税value added tax (V AT)机构投资者institutional investorLesson twenty one最惠国条款MFN clause普惠制GSP非歧视的non-discriminate缔约方contracting party关税配额tariff quota与贸易相关的trade-related生活水平standard of living充分就业full employment关税减让tariff concession乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round反补贴措施counter-veiling measures反倾销anti-dumping国民待遇national treatmentLesson twenty two免责条款、豁免条款escape clauses联合国大会UN General Assembly无形贸易invisibles无差别待遇non-discrimination principle / treatment贸易条件terms of trade国际经济新秩序new international economic order差别待遇differential treatment特惠税preferential customs tariffs技术转让transfer of technology。
商务专业词汇
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商务专业词汇1. 供应链管理:指企业在采购、生产、配送等环节中进行协调管理的一种方法。
2. 交易:指商务活动过程中的买卖、合作、合同签订等各种行为。
3. 货币:指国家政府发行的流通货币。
4. 市场调查:指商家对市场进行各种形式的调查研究,以确定商品需求和市场趋势等。
5. 商业模式:指商业企业盈利的方式和方式。
6. 营销:指企业为达到销售目的而采取的一系列推销手段和策略。
7. 客户关系管理:指企业针对客户进行调查和管理,以便更好地维护客户关系。
8. 国际贸易:指不同国家之间的商品、服务、知识或资本流动的商业活动。
9. 产业链:指一种由生产环节、销售环节、营销环节组成的商业运作模式。
10. 竞争优势:指企业在市场竞争中凭借自身特色获得的优势,如成本优势、产品差异化等。
11. 微信支付:一种手机支付平台,用户可以通过微信扫描店铺的二维码从而完成支付。
12. 电子商务:指利用计算机网络技术进行商品买卖、金融会议、服务提供等各种商务活动。
13. 广告:指企业采用各种方式和媒介向公众传递宣传信息的活动。
14. 品牌:企业的商标、商业形象和产品特色共同构成的企业形象。
15. 成本控制:指企业为达到更好的经济效益,通过降低成本来增加利润的一种措施。
16. 创新:指企业在产品、技术、管理等方面进行创新转变以提高竞争力。
17. 利润:指企业在销售商品、提供服务等过程中所获得的净收益。
18. 营销渠道:指企业在销售产品的过程中通过一定的渠道将产品推销到消费者手中的途径。
20. 会计:指企业的财务管理和记录等方面的业务制度和法规。
21. 人力资源管理:指企业对员工进行招聘、培训、薪酬结构管理等方面的管理活动。
22. 经济学:一门涉及经济系统、经济事务、经济规律和经济决策等方面的学科。
23. 企业文化:指企业内部形成的共同价值观、工作风气和行为方式等一系列文化因素和管理实践。
24. 税务:指企业应纳税收的规定及其相关的法规。
商务术语
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8,stocks(股票)
9,bonds(债券)
10,maturity(到期)
11,certificate of deposit(大额存单,定期存款)
12,licensing(许可经营)
13,franchising(特许经营)
14,trade mark(商标)
8.DAF Delivered At Frontier 边境交货
9.DES Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货
10.DEQ Delivered DDU :Delivered Duty Unpaid 未完税交货
12.DDP : Delivered Duty Paid 完税后交货
1,gross national product(GNP)(国民生产总值)
2,gross domestic product(GDP)(国内生产总值)
3,national income(国民收入)
4,per capita income(人均收入)
5,per capita GDP(人均GDP
6,PPP(purchasing power parity)(购买力平价)
15,patent(专利)
16,royalty(专利使用费,许可使用费,版税)
17,copyright(版权)
18,management contract(管理合同)
19,licenseor(给予许可的人)
20,licensee(接受许可的人)
21,franchiser(给予特许的人)
(5)economic environment: 经济环境
国际商务必备-经济学中英文词汇及释义
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Economist绝对优势(Absolute advantage)如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多,那么,这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、逆向选择(Adverse choice)在此状况下,保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
3、选择成本(Alternative cost)如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源,它所能生产的价值就是选择成本,也可以称之为机会成本。
4、需求的弧弹性(Arc elasticity of demand)如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值,P2 和Q2 为第二组值,那么,弧弹性就等于-(Q1-Q2)(P1+P2)/(P1-P2)(Q1+Q2)5、非对称的信息(Asymmetric information)在某些市场中,每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如,在旧车市场上,有关旧车质量的信息,卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
6、平均成本(Average cost)平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost)平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
8、平均产品(Average product)平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
9、平均可变成本(Average variable cost)平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
10、投资的β(Beta)β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言,它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时,一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
11、债券收益(Bond yield)债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
12、收支平衡图(Break-even chart)收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。
收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
13、预算线(Budget line)预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。
商务与经济统计关键术语与重要公式
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关键术语统计学(Statistics)收收集、分析、表述和解释数据的艺术和科学。
数据( Data)收被收集、分析和解释的事实与数字。
数据集(Data set)一特定研究中所有收集的数据。
个体( Elements )从中收集数据的实体。
变量( Variable)个体的某种令人感兴趣的属性。
观测值( Observation )为单个个体获取的度量集。
品质数据(Qualitative data)为一个体的性质提供标记或名称的数据。
品质数据可能是非数值或数值型的。
品质变量(Qualitative variable)有关品质数据的变量。
数量数据(Quantitative data)表明某事多少的数据。
数量数据总是数值型的。
数量变量(Quantitative variable)有关数量数据的变量。
截面数据(Cross-sectional data)在同时或近似相同时点收集的数据。
时间序列数据( Time series data)在几个连续期间收集的数据。
描述统计学(Descriptive statistics)用于汇总数据的表、图和数值方法。
总体(Population )一特定研究中所有感兴趣个体的集合。
样本( Sample )总体的一个子集。
统计推断(Statistical inference)利用从一个样本获得的数据对总体性质进行估计或假设检验的过程。
频数分布(Frequency distribution) 对一数据集的表格汇总法,显示若干无重叠组别中每一组的项目频数(或个数)。
相对频数分布(Relative frequency distribution) 一数据集的表格汇总法,显示在若干无重叠组别中每一组的项目总数的相对频数,即分数或比例。
百分数频数分布(Percent frequency distribution) 一数据集的表格汇总法,显示几个无重叠组别中每一组的项目总数的百分率。
条形图(Bar graph) 一种图形方法,描述在品质数据的频数分布、相对频数据分布或百分数频数分布中表示的信息。
商务英语词汇大全 最新版本
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商务英语词汇大全(一)economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票(美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in)cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 贡市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,贡shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 贡投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行贡par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club)二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场(加勒比贸易同盟)Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦贡市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所instruction, education 教育culture 文化primary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育higher education 高等教育the three R's 读、写、算school year 学年term, trimester 学季semester 学期school day 教学日school holidays 假期curriculum 课程subject 学科discipline 纪律timetable 课程表class, lesson 课homework 家庭作业exercise 练习dictation 听写spelling mistake 拼写错误(short)course 短训班seminar 研讨班playtime, break 课间,休息to play truant, to play hooky 逃学,旷课course (of study)学业student body 学生(总称)classmate, schoolmate 同学pupil 小学生student 大学生schoolboy 男生schoolgirl 女生auditor 旁听生swot, grind 用的学生old boy 老生grant, scholarship, fellowship 奖学金holder of a grant, scholar, fellow 奖学金获得者school uniform 校服teaching staff 教育工作者(总称)teachers 教师(总称)primary school teacher 小学老师teacher lecturer 大学老师professor 教授schooling 教授,授课assistant 助教headmaster 校长(女性为:headmistress)deputy headmaster, deputy head 副校长rector 校长dean 教务长laboratory assistant, lab assistant 实验员beadle, porter 门房,学校工友games master, gym teacher, gym instructor 体育教师private tutor 私人教师,家庭教师pedagogue 文学教师(蔑称)of school age 教龄beginning of term 开学matriculation 注册to enroll, to enroll 予以注册to take lessons (学生)上课to teach (老师)上课to study 学习to learn by heart 记住,掌握to revise, to go over 复习test 考试to test 考试to take an examination, to sit an examination, to do an examination 参加考试convocation notice 考试通知examiner 考试者board of examiners 考试团examination oral, written examination 口试,笔试question 问题question paper 试卷crib 夹带(美作:trot)to pass an examination (或exam), 通过考试pass, passing grade 升级prizegiving 分配奖品to fall an examination 未通过考试failure 未考好to repeat a year 留级degree 学位graduate 毕业生to graduate 毕业project, thesis 毕业论文General Certificate of Education 中学毕业证书(美作:high school diploma)holder of the General Certificate of Education 中学毕业生(美作:holder of a high school diploma)doctorate 博士学位doctor 博士competitive examination 答辩考试Chinese 语文English 英语Japanese 日语mathematics 数学science 理科gymnastics 体育history 历史algebra 代数geometry 几何geography 地理biology 生物chemistry 化学physics 物理physical geography 地球物理literature 文学sociology 社会学psycology 心理学philosophy 哲学engineering 工程学mechanical engineering 机械工程学electronic engineering 电子工程学medicine 医学social science 社会科学agriculture 农学astronomy 天文学economics 经济学politics 政治学commercial science 商学biochemistry 生物化学anthropology 人类学linguistics 语言学accounting 会计学law, jurisprdence 法学banking 银行学metallurgy 冶金学finance 财政学mass-communication 大众传播学journalism 新闻学atomic energy 原子能学civil engineering 土木工程architecture 建筑学chemical, engineering 化学工程accounting and statisics 会计统计business administration 工商管理library 图书馆学diplomacy 外交foreign language 外文botany 植物major 主修minor 辅修school 学校kindergarten 幼儿园infant school 幼儿学校primary school, junior school 小学secondary school 中学high school, secondary school 专科学校business school 商业学校technical school 工业学校technical college 专科学校(university)campus 大学university 大学boarding school 供膳宿的学校day school 日校,无宿舍学校,走读学校day student who has lunch at school 提供午餐的走读学生academy 专科学院faculty 系hall of residence 学校公寓classroom 教室lecture theatre 阅览室(美作:lecture theater)amphitheatre 阶梯教室(美作:amphitheater)staff room 教研室headmaster's study, headmaster's office 校长办公室(assembly)hall 礼堂library 图书馆playground 操场desk 课桌blackboard 黑板(a piece of)chalk 粉笔slate pencil 石板笔wall map 挂图skeleton map 廓图,示意图globe 地球仪text book 课本dictionary 词典encyclopedia 百科全书atlas地图集satchel 书包exercise book 练习本rough not book 草稿本(美作:scribbling pad)blotting paper 吸墨纸tracing paper 描图纸squared paper, graph paper 坐标纸(fountain)pen 自来水笔biro, ballpoint (pen)圆珠笔pencil 铅笔propelling pencil 自动铅笔pencil sharpener 铅笔刀,转笔刀ink 墨水inkwell 墨水池rubber, eraser 橡皮ruler, rule 尺slide rule 计算尺set square 三角板protractor 量角器compass, pair of compasses 圆规Ministry of Labour 劳工部(美作epartment of Labor)labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所(美作:Employment Bureau)labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬seasonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作assembly line work 组装线工作(美作:serial production)workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application(for a job)求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期labour costs, labour input 劳力成本fluctuation of labour 劳力波动(美作f labor)worker 工作者permanent worker 长期工, 固定工personnel, staff 人员employee 职员clerk, office worker 办公室人员salary earner 雇佣工人workman 工人organized labour 参加工会的工人skilled worker 技术工人unskilled worker 非技术工人specialized worker 熟练工人farm worker 农场工人labourer worker 农业工人day labourer 日工seasonal worker 季节工collaborator 合作者foreman 工头trainee, apprentice 学徒工apprenticeship 学徒artisan, craftsman 工匠specialist 专家night shift 夜班shortage of labour, shortage of manpower 缺乏劳力working class 工人阶级proletarian 无产者proletariat 无产阶级trade union 工会(美作:labor union)trade unionist 工团主义者trade unionism 工团主义guild 行会,同会,公会association, society, union 协会emigration 移,移居employer 雇主,老板shop steward (工厂的)工会代表(美作:union delegate)delegate 代表representative 代表works council 劳资联合委员会labour law 劳工法working day, workday 工作日full-time employment, full-time job, full-time work 全天工作part-time employment, part-time job, part-time work 半日工作working hours 工作时间overtime 业余时间remuneration 报酬pay, wage, salary 工资wage index 工资指数minimum wage 最低工资basic wage 基础工资gross wages 全部收入net, real wages 实际收入hourly wages, wage rate per hour 计时工资monthly wages 月工资weekly wages 周工资piecework wage 计件工资maximum wage 最高工资(美作:wage ceiling)sliding scale 按物价计酬法payment in kind 用实物付酬daily wages 日工资premium, bonus, extra pay 奖励payday 发工资日, 付薪日pay slip 工资单payroll 薪水册unemployment benefit 失业救济old-age pension 退休金,养老金collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的协议retirement 退休claims 要求strike 罢工striker 罢工者go-slow 怠工(美作:slow-down)lockout 停工(业主为抵制工人的要求而停工)staggered strike 阶段性罢工strike picket 罢工纠察队员strike pay 罢工津贴(由工会给的)strikebreaker, blackleg 破坏罢工者down tools, sit-down strike 静坐demonstration, manifestation 示威sanction 制裁unemployment 失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业underemployment 不充分就业unemployed man 失业者(个人)the unemployed 失业者(集体)to discharge, to dismiss 辞退,开除,解雇dismissal 开除,解雇to terminate a contract 结束合同,结束契约negotiation 谈判collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判receptionist 接待员typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员pilot 驾驶员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员secretary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演talent 星探actor 男演员actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 俗学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家painter 画家musician 音乐家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 设计家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师dressmaker 女装裁剪师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师tailor 西装师傅beautician 美容师model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局长taxi driver 出租车司机clerk 店员mailman 邮差newspaper boy 报童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新闻评论人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 卖花人baker 面包师greengrocer 菜贩fish-monger 鱼贩butcher 肉贩shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店员stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌station agent 站长porter 行李夫car mechanic 汽车修理师architect 建筑师civil planner 城市设计师civil engineer 土木技师druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师guide 导游oil supplier 加油工(public)health nurse 保健护士dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工forman 工头doctor 医生nurse 护士宏观经济的macroeconomic通货膨胀inflation破产insolvency有偿还债务能力的solvent合同contract汇率exchange rate紧缩信贷tighten credit creation私营部门private sector财政管理机构fiscal authorities宽松的财政政策slack fiscal policy 税法tax bill财政public finance财政部the Ministry of Finance平衡预算balanced budget继承税inheritance tax货币主义者monetariest增值税VAT (value added tax)收入revenue总需求aggregate demand商务英语词汇大全(二)货币化monetization赤字deficit经济不景气recessiona period when the economy of a country is not successful, business conditions are bad, industrial production and trade are at a low level and there is a lot of unemployment经济好转turnabout复苏recovery成本推进型cost push货币供应money supply生产率productivity劳动力labor force实际工资real wages成本推进式通货膨胀cost-push inflation需求拉动式通货膨胀demand-pull inflation双位数通货膨胀double- digit inflation极度通货膨胀hyperinflation长期通货膨胀chronic inflation治理通货膨胀to fight inflation最终目标ultimate goal坏的影响adverse effect担保ensure贴现discount萧条的sluggish认购subscribe to支票帐户checking account货币控制工具instruments of monetry control 借据IOUs(I owe you)本票promissory notes货币总监controller of the currency拖收系统collection system支票清算或结算check clearing资金划拨transfer of funds可以相信的证明credentials改革fashion被缠住entangled货币联盟Monetary Union再购协议repo精明的讨价还价交易horse-trading欧元euro公共债务membership criteria汇率机制REM储备货币reserve currency劳动密集型labor-intensive贡交易所bourse竞争领先frontrun牛市bull market非凡的牛市a raging bull规模经济scale economcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价bid-ask spreads 期货(贡)futures经济商行brokerage firm回报率rate of return贡equities违约default现金外流cash drains经济人佣金brokerage fee存款单CD(certificate of deposit营业额turnover资本市场capital market布雷顿森林体系The Bretton Woods System经常帐户current account套利者arbitrager远期汇率forward exchange rate即期汇率spot rate实际利率real interest rates货币政策工具tools of monetary policy银行倒闭bank failures跨国公司MNC (Multi-National Corporation)商业银行commercial bank商业票据comercial paper利润profit本票,期票promissory notes监督to monitor佣金(经济人)commission brokers套期保值hedge有价证券平衡理论portfolio balance theory外汇储备foreign exchange reserves固定汇率fixed exchange rate浮动汇率floating/flexible exchange rate货币选择权(期货)currency option套利arbitrage合约价exercise price远期升水forward premium多头买升buying long空头卖跌selling short按市价订购贡market order贡经纪人stockbroker国际货币基金the IMF七国集团the G-7监督surveillance同业拆借市场interbank market可兑换性convertibility软通货soft currency限制restriction交易transaction充分需求adequate demand短期外债short term external debt汇率机制exchange rate regime直接标价direct quotes资本流动性mobility of capital赤字deficit本国货币domestic currency外汇交易市场foreign exchange market国际储备international reserve利率interest rate资产assets国际收支balance of payments贸易差额balance of trade繁荣boom债券bond资本captial资本支出captial expenditures商品commodities商品交易所commodity exchange期货合同commodity futures contract普通贡common stock联合大企业conglomerate货币贬值currency devaluation通货紧缩deflation折旧depreciation贴现率discount rate归个人支配的收入disposable personal income 从业人员employed person汇率exchange rate财政年度fiscal year企业free enterprise国生产总值gross antional product库存inventory劳动力人数labor force债务liabilities市场经济market economy合并merger货币收入money income跨国公司Multinational Corproation个人收入personal income优先贡preferred stock价格收益比率price-earning ratio优惠贷款利率prime rate利润profit回报return on investment使货币升值revaluation薪水salary季节性调整seasonal adjustment关税tariff失业人员unemployed person效用utility价值value工资wages工资价格螺旋上升wage-price spiral收益yield补偿贸易compensatory trade, compensated deal 储蓄银行savings banks欧洲联盟the European Union单一的实体a single entity抵押贷款mortgage lending业主产权owner''''s equity普通股common stock无形资产intangible assets收益表income statement营业开支operating expenses行政开支administrative expenses现金收支一览表statement of cash flow贸易中的存货inventory收益proceeds投资银行investment bank机构投资者institutional investor垄断兼并委员会MMC招标发行issue by tender定向发行introduction代销offer for sale直销placing公开发行public issue信贷额度credit line国际债券international bonds欧洲货币Eurocurrency利差interest margin以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款leveraged loan权利股发行rights issues净收入比例结合net income gearing外贸中常见英文缩略词1 C2 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单4 D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单5 C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制7 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等9 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打11 PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等12 WT(weight)重量13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重14 N.W.(net weight)净重15 C/D (customs declaration)报关单16 EA(each)每个,各17 W (with)具有18 w/o(without)没有19 FAC(facsimile)传真20 IMP(import)进口21 EXP(export)出口22 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的25 M/V(merchant vessel)商船26 S.S(steamship)船运27 MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨28 DOC (document)文件、单据29 INT(international)国际的30 P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表31 INV (invoice)发票32 PCT (percent)百分比33 REF (reference)参考、查价34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递35 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传37 RMB(renminbi)人币38 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记39 PR或PRC(price)价格40 PUR (purchase)购买、购货41 S/C(sales contract)销售确认书42 L/C (letter of credit)信用证43 B/L (bill of lading)提单44 FOB (free on board)离岸价45 CIF (cost,insurance补充:CR=credit贷方,债主DR=debt借贷方(注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。
商务术语
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商务术语non-trade settlement(非贸易结算)——payment of an account not related to trade maturity(到期日,偿还日)——date when a document,or a draft,or debt,stock,becomes due for paymentleading bank(大银行;主要银行)——most important bank;major bank or prime bankcapital turnover(资金周转率;资金周转额)——total value of capital movement in a year divided by the average value of capital movementface value(面值)——value written on a coin or banknote or share certificatediscount 1.to reduce prices to increase sales(打)折扣;2.to sell(bills of exchange,etc.)for less than the value written on them in order to cash them before their maturity date(汇票等)贴现deferred payment(延期付款)——money paid later than the agreed dateinsolvent(无偿还能力的;破产的)——not be able to pay debts;bankruptdocuments(单据)——paper,form,book,etc.giving information about sth.,evidence or proof of sth.提供有关某事物的信息或用于证明该事物的文件,表格,文书等take delivery of(提货)——receive the goodscommission(佣金)——payment to sb.for selling goods which increases with the quantity of goods sold.因售出货物而付给某人的款项,该款项随出售货物量的增加而增加discount(折扣)——amount of money that may be taken off the full amount.从某事物的价格中扣去的数目shipping marks(唛头,运输标记)——what is printed on the outer packing of goods as symbol for identification in the course of transportation.印刷在货物外包装上为便于运输过程中识别的标记bill of lading(提单)——list giving details of a ship's cargo.列有船上货物具体情况的单据,提货单carrier(承运人)——the person or company that carries goods for payment.有偿承运货物的人或公司shipper(货主,托运人)——the person who arranges for goods to be shipped.安排货物托运的人consignor(托运人)——the party in the bill of lading who arranges for the goods to be shipped.提单中托运货物的一方carriage(运输)——(the cost of)transporting goods from one place to another指货物由一地到另一地的运输(费用)consignee(收货人)——the party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped.提单中收到货物的一方notify party(被通知人)——the party to be advised after arrival of the goods at the port of destination.指货物到达目的港后被通知的一方payable(应支付的,可支付的)——that must or may be paidairway bill(空运提单)——airway bill of lading i.e.list giving details of air cargo.列有空运货物具体情况的单据insurance policy(保险单)——a document used for covering possible risks.用于投保可能出现的危险的单据commercial invoice(商业发票)——a document which is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.对货物的质量,数量,单价和总价作一般性说明的单据legal holder(合法持有人)——a person who is allowed by the law to have sth.at his disposal or in his possession.通过法律手段取得对某物所有权的人insurance certificate(保险证书)——official printed or written statement that may be used as proof or evidence of insurance.作为保险证明的官方文件customs invoice(海关发票)——是进口国要求出口商按进口国海关规定的格式填写的一种单据consular invoice/visa(领事发票/签证)——由进口国领事签发的发票,作用与海关发票相似。
大学商务与经济数学-术语
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20XX年复习资料大学复习资料专业:班级:科目老师:日期:术 语系数 一个代数表达式中变量的乘数,比如表达式247x yz +中的数字4和7 坐标 确定一个点相对于一组坐标轴位置的一组数字截距 图形与坐标轴的交点线性方程 形如y=ax+b 的方程原点 坐标轴的交点线性联立方程组 (通常)具有相同的方程个数和未知数个数的一组线性方程。
它们的解由同时满足所有方程的未知数的值组成。
直线的斜率 也被称为倾斜度,指x 增加一单位时,y 的变化量。
X 轴 由左向右的水平坐标轴Y 轴 由下向上的垂直坐标轴消元法 通过方程组中某一个方程的若干倍加上或者减去另一个方程的若干倍,消去方程组中的未知数的方法互补品 消费者同时消费的一对商品。
其中任意一种商品的价格上升时,两种商品的需求都会下降。
减函数 对于一个函数,()y f x =,x 值增加时y 值下降。
需求函数 反映需求数量与包括价格在内的影响需求的各种因素之间关系的函数。
应变量 该变量的值取决于自变量的取值;在函数()y f x =中,应变量为y 。
内生变量 取值由模型决定的变量。
均衡 供给数量与需求数量相等的状态。
外生变量 取值在模型外确定的变量。
函数 每个输入数字x 都对应唯一确定的输出数字y 的法则。
增函数 对于一个函数,()y f x =,x 值增加时y 值也增加。
自变量 该变量的值决定应变量的取值;在函数()y f x =中,自变量为x 。
劣等品 收入增加时需求量减少的商品。
反函数 与已知函数f 具有相反作用的函数,记作1f -,当()y f x =时,1()x f y -=。
建模 创造一种用于表示(简化)某些实际的经济现象的数学理论的过程。
参数 影响数学表达式特定值但不影响其通式的常数,例如2ax bx c ++中的常数a ,b 和c 。
替代品 两种可以相互替代的商品。
其中一种商品的价格上升时,另一种商品的需求量随之上升。
正常品 收入增加时需求量也增加的商品。
商务英语词汇术语
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商务英语词汇术语国际贸易词汇术语价格术语world / international market price 国际市场价格FOB (free on board) 离岸价C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价freight 运费wharfage 码头费landing charges 卸货费customs duty 关税port dues 港口税import surcharge 进口附加税import variable duties 进口差价税commission 佣金return commission 回佣,回扣price including commission 含佣价net price 净价wholesale price 批发价discount / allowance 折扣retail price 零售价spot price 现货价格current price 现行价格/ 时价indicative price 参考价格customs valuation 海关估价price list 价目表total value 总值贸易保险术语All Risks 一切险F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of Odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险Shortage Risk 短缺险T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Strikes Risk 罢工险贸易机构词汇WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定贸易方式词汇stocks 存货,库存量cash sale 现货purchase 购买,进货bulk sale 整批销售,趸售distribution channels 销售渠道wholesale 批发retail trade 零售业hire-purchase 分期付款购买fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市unfair competition 不合理竞争dumping 商品倾销dumping profit margin 倾销差价,倾销幅度antidumping 反倾销customs bond 海关担保chain debts 三角债freight forwarder 货运代理trade consultation 贸易磋商mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解partial shipment 分批装运restraint of trade 贸易管制RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差special preferences 优惠关税bonded warehouse 保税仓库transit trade 转口贸易tariff barrier 关税壁垒tax rebate 出口退税TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒进出口贸易词汇commerce, trade, trading 贸易inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易international trade 国际贸易foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易,外贸import, importation 进口importer 进口商export, exportation 出口exporter 出口商import license 进口许口证export license 出口许口证commercial transaction 买卖,交易inquiry 询盘delivery 交货order 订货make a complete entry 正式/完整申报bad account 坏帐Bill of Lading 提单marine bills of lading 海运提单shipping order 托运单blank endorsed 空白背书endorsed 背书cargo receipt 承运货物收据condemned goods 有问题的货物catalogue 商品目录customs liquidation 清关customs clearance 结关贸易伙伴术语trade partner 贸易伙伴manufacturer 制造商,制造厂middleman 中间商,经纪人dealer 经销商wholesaler 批发商retailer, tradesman 零售商merchant 商人,批发商,零售商concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人,特许权获得者consumer 消费者,用户client, customer 顾客,客户buyer 买主,买方carrier 承运人consignee 收货人外贸常用词汇-------------------国际贸易----------------------出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制import quotas自由贸易区free trade zone对外贸易值value of foreign trade国际贸易值value of international trade普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT-------------------价格条件----------------------价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price 码头费wharfage总值total value 卸货费landing charges金额amount 关税customs duty净价net price 印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues回佣return commission 装运港port of shipment折扣discount, allowance 卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price 目的港port of destination零售价retail price 进口许口证import license现货价格spot price 出口许口证export license期货价格forward price现行价格(时价)current price prevailing price国际市场价格world (International)Market price离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价)C&F-cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost, insurance and freight--------------------交货条件----------------------交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间time of delivery 定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter 托运人(一般指出口商)shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space 油轮tanker报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\L选择港(任意港)optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船shipment during Jan./Feb.或Jan./Feb. shipment在......(时间)分两批装船shipment during....in two lots在......(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月,每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------订单indent 订货;订购book; booking电复cable reply实盘firm offer递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer发盘(发价) offer发实盘offer firm 询盘(询价)inquiry; enquiry指示性价格price indication速复reply immediately参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation不受约束without engagement业务洽谈business discussion限**复subject to reply **限* *复到subject to reply reaching here **有效期限time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同purchase contract销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to sellers confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmation------------------贸易方式------------------------INT (拍卖auction)寄售consignment招标invitation of tender 投标submission of tender一般代理人agent总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade(或抵偿贸易)compensating/compensatory trade(又叫:往返贸易)counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent-------------------品质条件-----------------------品质quality 原样original sample规格specifications 复样duplicate sample说明description 对等样品counter sample标准standard type 参考样品reference sample商品目录catalogue 封样sealed sample宣传小册pamphlet 公差tolerance货号article No. 花色(搭配)assortment样品sample 5% 增减5% plus or minus代表性样品representative sample大路货(良好平均品质)fair average quality--------------------商检仲裁-----------------------索赔claim争议disputes罚金条款penalty 仲裁arbitration不可抗力force Majeure仲裁庭arbitral tribunal产地证明书certificate of origin品质检验证书inspection certificate of quality重量检验证书inspection certificate of weight (quantity)**商品检验局**commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B)品质、重量检验证书inspection certificate---------------------数量条件-----------------------个数number 净重net weight容积capacity 毛作净gross for net体积volume皮重tare毛重gross weight溢短装条款more or less clause-----------------------外汇-------------------------外汇foreign exchange 法定贬值devaluation外币foreign currency 法定升值revaluation汇率rate of exchange浮动汇率floating rate国际收支balance of payments 硬通货hard currency直接标价direct quotation软通货soft currency间接标价indirect quotation 金平价gold standard买入汇率buying rate通货膨胀inflation卖出汇率selling rate固定汇率fixed rate金本位制度gold standard 黄金输送点gold points铸币平价mint par 纸币制度paper money system国际货币基金international monetary fund黄金外汇储备gold and foreign exchange reserve汇率波动的官定上下限official upper and lower limits of fluctuation。
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Glossary
Adjustment coefficient T he constant of proportionality in the simple macroeconomic model in which the rate of change of national income is assumed to be proportional to excess expenditure.
Algebraic f raction Ratio of two expressions: p(x)/q(x) where p(x) and q(x) are algebraic expressions such as ax2+bx+c or dx+e.
Annual percentage rate (APR)This is the equivalent annual interest paid for a loan, taking into account the compounding over a variety of time periods.
Annual rate of inflation T he percentage increase in the level of prices over a 12-month period.
Annuity A lump-sum investment designed to produce a sequence of equal regular payments over time.
Anti-derivative A function whose derivative is a given function.
Arbitrary constant A letter representing an unspecified constant in the general solution of a differential equation.
Arc elasticity Elasticity measured between two points on a curve.
Arithmetic progression A sequence of numbers with a constant difference between consec-utive terms; the n th term takes the form a+bn.
Autonomous consumption and savings The levels of consumption and savings when there is no income.
Autonomous consumption multiplier T he number by which you multiply the change in autonomous consumption to deduce the corresponding change in, say, national income. Average cost Total cost per unit of output: AC =TC/Q.
Average product of labour Output per worker: AP L=Q/L.
Average revenue Total revenue divided by quantity: TR/Q=PQ/Q=P.
Balanced budget multiplier The number by which you multiply the change in government expenditure to deduce the corresponding change in, say, national income, assuming that this change is financed entirely by a change in taxation.。