现在分词作状语
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Heated, water turns into steam
*When heated, water turns into steam. =When water is heated, water turns into steam.
5.The teacher stood there and he was surrounded by many students.
现在分词短语 作让步状语
5.The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.(并列句)
*The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking.
*Laughing and talking, the children came into the classroom.
主动形式 一 般 式 完 成 式 被动形式
doing
being done having been done
having done
He came into the classroom, talking and laughing.
doing 作状语，表示分词的动作与谓
语动作同时发生
Having finished his work, he went home.
分词作状语功能表
表示的范围 1.时间 2.原因 3.条件 4.让步 相当的状语从句 时间状语从句 原因 状 语从句 条件 状 语从句 让步状 语从句 没有合适的状语从句
5.方式/伴随
A.现在分词作状语学与练
把划线部分改写成分词短语
并说明其功能 1.1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.
2.Because he was moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.
*Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy. *过去分词短语作原因状语
3.If I were given one more chance, I would like to tell the girl, “I love you.”….
分词的动作发生在谓语动词 的动作之前
一、分词做状语
1、现在分词的一般式（doing）与句中主 语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动 作同时发生或者在其后发生。 2、完成式（having done）与句中主语构 成逻辑上的主谓关系，先与谓语动作而发 生。 3 过去分词（done）同动词现在分词的完 成形式（having been done）均与句中主 语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先与谓语动 词发生。
正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
对比练习
1. ________many times , but he still C couldn't understand it . 2. _______many times , he still couldn't A/B understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. He been told 3. ______from space , the earth looks A blue . 4.______from space , we can see the B earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See
*分词作状语时，为使状语含义更
加明确，有时在过去分词(现在分 词）前
可加上适当连词如：while， when，once，if，unless，as if， though
*Once used, the car will never be sold again. (once “一旦……”)
=Once it is used, the car will never be sold again.
having done 作状语，表示分词的动作先
于谓语的动作发生
B.过去分词作状语学与练
把下列划线部分改写成分词短语, 并 说明其功能 1.When she was asked why she did it, she began to cry. *从句的动词用的是被动语态 *Asked why she did it, she began to cry. *过去分词短语作时间状语 *过去分词的动作由主语承受
Seeing their teacher, the students stood up. *现在分词短语作( 时间状语 ) *现在分词动作的发出者是(句子主语)
أ- -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个 时间状语从句：
注意：现在分词所表示的动作与主句 的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由 连词when, while引出。现在分词一 般位于句首。 如：
*The teacher stood there (,)surrounded by many students
= Surrounded by many students, the teacher stood there. *过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语
Having been told many times, he didn’t make the same mistake. Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.
2.Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. *现在分词短语 作原因状语
3.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.
*Given one more chance, I would like to tell the girl , “ I love you.”…. *过去分词短语作条件状语
4.Although they had been defeated many times， they continued to fight. *Having been defeated many times, they continued to fight. =Although defeated many times, they continued to fight. *过去分词短语作让步状语
1.After they had finished their homework,
they went home.
Having finished their homework, they went home.
*现在分词短语作(时间状语 )
*Having finished their homework表现的动 作在went home( 之前),故用分词的 ( 完成式 ).
Working harder at English, you will make greater progress. *现在分词短语 作条件状语
4.Although they felt very tired， they kept running.
*Feeling very tired, they kept running.
• 1. As he had eaten too much for supper, he couldn’t go to sleep.
Having eaten too much for supper, he couldn’t go to sleep.
• 2.This book became well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages. •Having been translated into many different languages, this book became well known all over the world .
*现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语
*不可改成相应状语从句
现在分词作状语代替状语从句
-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示
时间、原因、结果、条件、 让步、方式或伴随情况等，
注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。 即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就 是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。
现在分词的时态和语态
注意2：
--- ing形式（短语）的否定形式 常在其（ 前面 ）加not /never等。
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.
If they had been given more attention
see ________ Seeing from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match box.
Seen ________from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.
现在分词的独立成分
有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子， 不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有： generally(frankly,honestly…) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从…判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of（谈到）,considering(考虑到，鉴于）等
分词作状语
现在分 词
状语
过去分词
其 逻辑 doing 主语必 与主语为 须与句子 主动关系 主语保持一致
HFra Baidu bibliotekaring the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. When they heard the bad news
doing
与主语为 主动关系
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
注意1：
分词（短语）做状语时，分词前面可以 加上连词，但是分词和句子之间不能用 并列连词(如but，and，so)，因为并列连 词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只 是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之 间可用逗号。
例如: 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
• When he read the book, he nodded from time to time. When reading the book, he nodded from time to time. When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood. Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
选修六 Unit 5 Grammar
现在分词作状语
千万要注意V-ing 形式的规则哟！
不能单独作谓语， 没有人称和数的 变化，可以有自 己的宾语和状语。 还有时态和语态 的变化。
分词作状语
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。
分词 作状语 伴随 让步 原因 条件 结果 时间 方式
*When heated, water turns into steam. =When water is heated, water turns into steam.
5.The teacher stood there and he was surrounded by many students.
现在分词短语 作让步状语
5.The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.(并列句)
*The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking.
*Laughing and talking, the children came into the classroom.
主动形式 一 般 式 完 成 式 被动形式
doing
being done having been done
having done
He came into the classroom, talking and laughing.
doing 作状语，表示分词的动作与谓
语动作同时发生
Having finished his work, he went home.
分词作状语功能表
表示的范围 1.时间 2.原因 3.条件 4.让步 相当的状语从句 时间状语从句 原因 状 语从句 条件 状 语从句 让步状 语从句 没有合适的状语从句
5.方式/伴随
A.现在分词作状语学与练
把划线部分改写成分词短语
并说明其功能 1.1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.
2.Because he was moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.
*Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy. *过去分词短语作原因状语
3.If I were given one more chance, I would like to tell the girl, “I love you.”….
分词的动作发生在谓语动词 的动作之前
一、分词做状语
1、现在分词的一般式（doing）与句中主 语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动 作同时发生或者在其后发生。 2、完成式（having done）与句中主语构 成逻辑上的主谓关系，先与谓语动作而发 生。 3 过去分词（done）同动词现在分词的完 成形式（having been done）均与句中主 语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先与谓语动 词发生。
正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
对比练习
1. ________many times , but he still C couldn't understand it . 2. _______many times , he still couldn't A/B understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. He been told 3. ______from space , the earth looks A blue . 4.______from space , we can see the B earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See
*分词作状语时，为使状语含义更
加明确，有时在过去分词(现在分 词）前
可加上适当连词如：while， when，once，if，unless，as if， though
*Once used, the car will never be sold again. (once “一旦……”)
=Once it is used, the car will never be sold again.
having done 作状语，表示分词的动作先
于谓语的动作发生
B.过去分词作状语学与练
把下列划线部分改写成分词短语, 并 说明其功能 1.When she was asked why she did it, she began to cry. *从句的动词用的是被动语态 *Asked why she did it, she began to cry. *过去分词短语作时间状语 *过去分词的动作由主语承受
Seeing their teacher, the students stood up. *现在分词短语作( 时间状语 ) *现在分词动作的发出者是(句子主语)
أ- -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个 时间状语从句：
注意：现在分词所表示的动作与主句 的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由 连词when, while引出。现在分词一 般位于句首。 如：
*The teacher stood there (,)surrounded by many students
= Surrounded by many students, the teacher stood there. *过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语
Having been told many times, he didn’t make the same mistake. Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.
2.Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. *现在分词短语 作原因状语
3.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.
*Given one more chance, I would like to tell the girl , “ I love you.”…. *过去分词短语作条件状语
4.Although they had been defeated many times， they continued to fight. *Having been defeated many times, they continued to fight. =Although defeated many times, they continued to fight. *过去分词短语作让步状语
1.After they had finished their homework,
they went home.
Having finished their homework, they went home.
*现在分词短语作(时间状语 )
*Having finished their homework表现的动 作在went home( 之前),故用分词的 ( 完成式 ).
Working harder at English, you will make greater progress. *现在分词短语 作条件状语
4.Although they felt very tired， they kept running.
*Feeling very tired, they kept running.
• 1. As he had eaten too much for supper, he couldn’t go to sleep.
Having eaten too much for supper, he couldn’t go to sleep.
• 2.This book became well known all over the world after it had been translated into many different languages. •Having been translated into many different languages, this book became well known all over the world .
*现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语
*不可改成相应状语从句
现在分词作状语代替状语从句
-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示
时间、原因、结果、条件、 让步、方式或伴随情况等，
注：从句的主语和主句的主语必须一致。 即-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就 是整个句子的主语，并表示主动的关系。
现在分词的时态和语态
注意2：
--- ing形式（短语）的否定形式 常在其（ 前面 ）加not /never等。
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.
If they had been given more attention
see ________ Seeing from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match box.
Seen ________from the top of the building, the house looks like a match box.
现在分词的独立成分
有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子， 不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有： generally(frankly,honestly…) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从…判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of（谈到）,considering(考虑到，鉴于）等
分词作状语
现在分 词
状语
过去分词
其 逻辑 doing 主语必 与主语为 须与句子 主动关系 主语保持一致
HFra Baidu bibliotekaring the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. When they heard the bad news
doing
与主语为 主动关系
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
注意1：
分词（短语）做状语时，分词前面可以 加上连词，但是分词和句子之间不能用 并列连词(如but，and，so)，因为并列连 词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只 是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之 间可用逗号。
例如: 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
• When he read the book, he nodded from time to time. When reading the book, he nodded from time to time. When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood. Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
选修六 Unit 5 Grammar
现在分词作状语
千万要注意V-ing 形式的规则哟！
不能单独作谓语， 没有人称和数的 变化，可以有自 己的宾语和状语。 还有时态和语态 的变化。
分词作状语
状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。
分词 作状语 伴随 让步 原因 条件 结果 时间 方式