非谓语动词与从句
非谓语动词与从句的转换
知识讲解知识点1：不定式〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。
(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you)(2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)..2.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语)(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.).3.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding).4.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up.(=that grew up).5.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that)(2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…).6.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(1).I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game).知识点2：动名词〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(1).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.(2).Mary’s not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad. 被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly..2.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕再句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier)..3.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul.=(that I’ll serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam.=〔that he hasn’t prepared his lessons fo r the exam〕.(3).The difficulty is Mary’s being caught between the two trees.=〔that Mary is caught between the two trees〕..4.【考查点】：介词＋动名词〔短语〕，相当于一个从句(1).He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was…)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won).知识点3：分词〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：分词〔短语〕作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan..2.【考查点】：分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1).Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.(=If weather permits)(2).The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again.(=When the dark clouds had disappeared)(3).The monitor being ill we’d better put the meting off.(=As the monitor was ill)(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), I’d b uy the black dress.(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better.(6).He came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back)..3.【考查点】：分词短语，相当于一个状语从句(1).On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, I’ll te lephone you.〔时间〕(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her．〔时间〕(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he became a great fighter.〔原因〕(4).Not having received(=Because I hadn’t received an answer, I wrote to him again.〔原因〕(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better.〔条件〕(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didn’t pride.(让步).4.【考查点】：分词短语作状语，可表伴随，结果，相当于and 的并列句，也可和with 转换(1).He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)(2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him).5.【考查点】：分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).He found the windows broken.(=He found that the windows were broken.)(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion).知识点4：特殊转换1.【考查点】：动名词复合结构相当于从句(1).Sophia’s having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didn’t surprised us.(2).I can’t bear his (him) staying up so late(=that he stays up so late).(3).We encourage students’ living in the school(=that students live in the school).(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic)..2.【考查点】：there+being+其他成分(1).There being nothing to do, we played games.(=Because there was nothing to do) (原因)(2).They closed the store, there being no customers.(=Because ther was no customers) (原因).四、例题精析【例题1】Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. entered【答案】B【解析】容易误选A。
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换非谓语动词和从句可以相互转换，那么如何将复合句改为简单句呢？首先，需要分清主从复合句，然后取消从句，一般要把引导从句的连词去掉。
例如，将"When he was waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"改为"Waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"。
其次，如果从句的谓语动词是主动式，就要把谓语动词改为现在分词；如果从句的谓语动词是被动式，就要把谓语动词改为过去分词，并且要注意时态的变化。
例如，将"After he had finished his homework。
he went home"改为"Having finished his homework。
he went home"。
另外，使用分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果主从句的主语不一致，在取消掉从句变为-ing或-ed形式时，要把从句的主语保留，其它部分和以前的改法一样。
例如，将"As it was hot。
we went swimming"改为"It being hot。
we went swimming"。
需要注意的是，在使用分词短语作状语时，它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
在很多情况下，它都表示一种伴随的动作或表示一种原因。
例如：1.If the weather allows。
I will go there.2.After the rain ped。
XXX.3.His XXX。
and he prepared to return to his institute.4.With so many comrades absent。
XXX.From the above examples。
we can see that the present participle (-ing) usually indicates an n that is happening at the same time as the main verb in the sentence。
非谓语动词与从句的转化简化(课堂PPT)
5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句
1）On arriving =as soon as I arrive
there ,I will telephone you(时间).
2）(while) waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her(时间).
疑问句 1.简单句 祈使句
句
感叹句
表语从句
子 的 2.并列句
主语从句
分
名词性 宾语从句
类
从句
同位语从句 <=>非谓
3.主从复合句 定语从句
语动词
状语从句
非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换:英语中的 非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分， 也是英语学习的一个难点。非谓语动词作句子成分 时与相应的从句有着千丝万缕的联系，它们之间可 以有条件的进行相互转换。
your advice. =that I haven’t accept 2）He suggests us making better
use of the school library. =that we (should) make better
3)He found the street lined
=that the street was lined
=while I was waiting
3）Educated by the Party, he became =As he was a great fighter(原因). educated
4) Not having =Because I hadn’t
received an answer, I wrote again.(原因).
非谓语动词与状语从句的转化
非谓语动词与状语从句的转化非谓语动词与状语从句的转化状语从句是同学们在初中就掌握的内容，现将非谓语动词与状语从句之间转换的规律作一归纳，帮助大家更好地掌握非谓语动词。
一、非谓语动词与时间状语从句间的转换。
1 .当主、从句的主语一致，主、从句的谓语动作同时或L乎同时发生时，且从句中谓语动词是主动语态，可用现在分词的一般式转换。
如：When they heard the news，they jumped with joy.Hearing the news，they jumped with joy.当他们听到这则消息时，高兴得跳了起来。
2 .当主、从句的主语一致，从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前或从句中谓语动词是完成时，可用现在分词的完成式转换。
如：After he(had)returned home，he began to work.Having returned home，he began to work.回到家以后，他开始工作。
3 .当主、从句主语一致时，由after，before，since，as soon as等引导的从句可分别用after/before/since/on加动名词短语转换。
如：Since I saw you last，I have been ill.Since seeing you last，I have been ill.自从我上次见你后，就一直在生病。
As soon as he heard this，he couldn’t help crying.On hearing this，he couldn’t help crying.他一听到这事，不禁哭了起来。
4 .当主、从句主语一致时，以when，while引导的从句，也可用when /while加现在分词短语转换。
如While we were walking along the river, we heard someone shouting.While walking along the river，we heard someone shouting当我们正沿着河走时,我们听到有人喊叫。
非谓语动词和从句的转换PPT课件
in a serious traffic confusion in the
whole area.
WWhihleilheWewwoororkkrikinneggd in the factory, he was
an advanced worker.
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WheWnhitenisSsseeeeeennn from the hill, the park looks very beautiful .
Tom kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his job.
=so as not to lose his job.
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非谓语动词和从句的转换
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I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换
1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句
7
Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
(= As we were so poor …) Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him. (=Though the stone weighed almost one hundred jin, …)
The boy lost in thought is my brother.
The boy who is lost in thought is my brother.
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2. v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句
I found the room broken into and a lot of things stolen.
非谓语动词和从句的转换优秀课件
一、什么叫做非谓语动词
在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为： 谓语动词和非谓语动词。 谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。
二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：
不定式 （to do） 现在分词 （doing） 过去分词 （done） 动名词 （doing）
1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上 连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意义更 明确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末)
2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于 句首或句末，也可置于句中)
3. 条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件 状语从句。(多置于句首)
If we weIrfegGgiivviveeennn more time , we could do it much better .
He was Wwarned of the danger, bhuet he still went skating on the ice.
但是,有些分词作状语是独立结构,不与句子的主语 产生联系;常见的有:judging from, generally
While waiting at the dentist’s, I read the whole of a short story. (=While I was waiting … ) Before being in the army, he was an engineer.
(= Before he was in the army, …) __H_av_in_g__fi_ni_sh_e_d__(finish) my work, I went to
非谓语动词和从句
有fionrisnhoetd, t必he须w用orwk.hether
He doesn’t know whether they will plant
注tr意ees:从on句S用atu正rd常ay的o陈r n述ot句. 语序.
主句是过去时， 从句是过去性质时态
妈妈在洗衣服的时候，爸爸在看报纸。
My mum _w_a_s_d_o_i_ng__s_o_m_e_w_a_s_h_i_ng____
_w__h_il_e_ dad _w_a_s_r_e_a_d_in_g__ne_w_s_p_a_p_e_rs.
他去上班时，一边开车一边听音乐。
He is listening to music w__hi_le__ he _is__d_r_iv_in_g__to__w.ork
Sb + be + adj. + to do sth
5. 制止这些捕杀很艰难. __I_t_ is hard _to__s_t_op___ the killing.
6.它们的水常常不宜饮用,因为我们给污染了.
Their water isn’t g_o_o__d__ _t_o__d_r_i_n_k___. because we’ve __m_a_d__e__ _i_t__ d__ir_t_y_. 7. 很多人决定不考虑这些. Many peopled_e_c_id_ e__n_o_t _tothink about it. 8. 很多动物无处生存.
tell sb (not) to do agree to do stop to do
即可用动名词，也可用动词不定式作宾语的：
停止正做的事情 stop doing sth 停止正做的事情去做另一件事 stop to do sth (还没做)记得要做某事 remember to do sth 记得做过某事（已经做）remember doing sth 忘记去做某事 forget to do sth 忘记做过某事 forget doing sth
非谓语动词&从句
非谓语动词非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。
一、动词不定式1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done进行式to be doing不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。
例如：They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作同时）She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）m sorry to have kept you waiting.2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
如：I /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。
例如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.注:不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式被动式，例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.不定式的否定式 not to do2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。
例如：1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?Can you give us some advice on what to do next?4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.I didn’t notice them come in.注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to,其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth. help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.5）不定式作定语：作后置定语,位于被修饰词后如：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?He is the man to depend on/to believe in.不定式作定语,与被其修饰的词可构成逻辑上的以下关系:a.动宾关系 e.g. I have a lot of work to do.b.主谓关系 e.g. He is always the first to help me.c.其它关系(多为固定搭配) e.g. tell me a way to solve the problem.6）状语： in order toA．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.to注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
非谓语作定语和定语从句的区别
非谓语作定语和定语从句的区别
非谓语动词作定语和定语从句在语法结构和表达方式上有一些区别，具体如下：
1. 语法结构：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词包括动词的现在分词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed)和不定式(to do)，它们可以在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。
非谓语动词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面。
- 定语从句：定语从句是一个句子，由关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)引导，用来修饰先行词(即被修饰的名词或代词)。
2. 表达方式：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词作定语可以提供更简洁、紧凑的表达方式。
它可以通过一个动词形式来描述被修饰词的特征、状态或行为。
- 定语从句：定语从句可以提供更详细、具体的信息，通过一个完整的句子来描述被修饰词的性质、特点或关系。
3. 语义和功能：
- 非谓语动词作定语：非谓语动词作定语主要强调动作或状态，它们可以表示正在进行的动作(-ing 形式)、已完成的动作(-ed 形式)或将要进行的动作(to do 形式)。
- 定语从句：定语从句可以提供更丰富的语义信息，包括对被修饰词的进一步解释、限定或描述。
总的来说，非谓语动词作定语和定语从句在语法结构和表达方式上有所不同。
非谓语动词作定语更简洁，强调动作或状态；而定语从句更详细，提供更多的语义信息。
在使用时，需要根据具体语境和表达需要选择合适的结构。
非谓语动词语与从句的关系课件
条件状语从句转换为非谓语动词
条件状语从句
注意事项
表示动作发生的条件，如"if"、 "unless"、"provided that"等。
非谓语动词表示的动作应是主句动作 的条件或假设。
转换方法
将条件状语从句转换为非谓语动词， 如"If possible, we will go to the park tomorrow."（如果可能的话， 我们明天会去公园。）
02
非谓语动词在句子中可以作为主 语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和 补足语。
分类：不定式、动名词、分词
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不定式
表示未发生的动作或行为，常用于表示目的、结果或条件。不定式可以
作为主语、宾语、表语和定语。
02
动名词
表示正在进行的动作或行为，常用于表示进行时态。动名词可以作为主
语、宾语和表语。
03
分词
表示完成的动作或行为，分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示正在
THANKS
感谢观看
时间状语从句
表示动作发生的时间，如"when" 、"before"、"after"、"while"等
。
转换方法
将时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词 ，如"Having finished his homework, he went to bed."（ 完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。）
注意事项
非谓语动词表示的动作应在主句动 作之前发生。
进行的动作或行为，过去分词表示已经完成的动作或行为。分词可以作
为定语、状语和补足语。
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非，但通常放在句末，以强调其动作 或状态。
从句+非谓语动词
•反之，留：•来自所有格／宾格／普通格＋分词
• （４） 连词：随意。
练习
• Ｔｏｍ拒绝了我的邀请，这让我很生气。 Tom refused my invitation, which made me angry. Tom's refusing my invitation made me angry.
从句+ 非谓语动词
从句
• 一，两大步骤： • 1，外部关系（主干）：从句在主干中的成分。 • 2，内部关系（从句）：引导词+句子
• 二，引导词的决定因素： • 1，汉语意思 • 2，在从句中充当的成分。（与从句完整性的匹配）
• 三，分类 • 主谓宾系表定状补 • 主宾表定状补
• 主宾表补，同位语-----名词性从句= n. • 定语从句 = adj. （修饰名词的） • 状语从句 = adv. （修饰动词的）
• 四，句中成分（语法功能） • 主谓宾系表定状补 • 主宾表定状补
主语 宾语
表语 定语
状语
补语
doing
todo
doing； done
主语 宾语
表语 定语
状语
补语
doing
√
√
√√
todo
√√
√√
√
√
doing； done
√√ √ √
练习
从句PK 非谓语动词
• 1,
优点
缺点
非谓语动 简洁 词
从句
详细
歧义 繁琐
• 2, 决定因素: • （１）汉语意思: 动词－－－非谓语动词 • （２）句式的多样性．
• ３，定语从句－－－－－分词作定语 • （１） ｖ． • （２） 变形。
三大从句和非谓语动词学习
• 宾语: He promised to stop taking drugs.
• 宾补: His great wish is to see his team win the World Cup.
• 表目的 She stood up to be seen better. • 表原因 I am glade to know you have a good job. • 表结果 He got to the station only to find that his father was dead.
主语从句
分句在句中做主语 1. What caused the fire is still a mystery. 2. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
• How the book will sell depends on its author. • Why he left abruptly is not known to any of us.
（二）带主语：其主语≠主句主语，也就是通常所 说的“独立主格”结构。独立主格中having been, being的可省略。 1. My work (being) done, I went to bed. 2. The purse not yet (having been) found, we went to the police. -ed独立主格也可由with引出： They sat in the room with his curtains drawn.
宾语从句
分句在句中做宾语 1. We never doubt that he is honest. 2. Can you tell me who is responsible for the fire?
非谓语动词和从句
非谓语动词和从句1.非谓语动词谓语（狭义）：主要指动词，关于主语的情况，可表示动作，也可以表示状态，受主语的人称和数的限制。
Time flies.She doesn’t like the idea.You shouldn’t look down upon this kind of work.非谓语动词：在句中不能单独作谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
它不受主语的人称和数的限制，但有语态（主动与被动）和时态（一般式；完成式；进行式）的变化；否定式一般将not 直接放在非谓语动词之前。
1.1动词不定式肯定形式： A 主动语态 B 被动语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式否定形式：not/never to do1.1.1不定式有两种，即带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。
I’ve come to seek your advice.What you said made me think.大多数情况下，不定式都带to, 但在特殊情况下，动词不定式的to要省略。
1.1.2动词不定式的用法：主语（it作形式主语）：To cheat in exams is punishable.注意：此时，动词不定式常常放在句子后面，而用it 作形式主语。
It is punishable to cheat in exams.宾语：动词宾语：I hope to be back in a couple of days.介词宾语：They desire nothing but to go home.宾补：I want him to be my assistant.I ordered him not to enter this room without permission.表语：His wish was to be a skillful worker.定语：Do you have anything to say?状语：I was delighted to receive your letters. （原因）We started early to avoid being late. (目的)He grew up to be a famous scholar. (结果)You would make a big mistake to take his bribe. (条件)独立成分，用来修饰整个句子，句子状语。
非谓语动词及从句转换
=so as not to lose his job.
非谓语动词和从句的转换
I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换
1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句
2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that 引导的宾语从句
I remember having paid him for his work.
I remember that I have paid him for his work. He suggests our making better use of the school library.
We will study in the house facing south.
We will study in the house that / which faces south. The man talking to my teacher is my father.
The man who / that is talking to my teacher is my father.
While waiting at the dentist’s, I read the whole of a short story. (=While I was waiting … ) Before being in the army, he was an engineer.
(= Before he was in the army, …) __H_av_in_g__fi_ni_sh_e_d__(finish) my work, I went to
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非谓语动词相关从句非谓语动词概述：非谓语动词与名词性从句非谓语动词与定语从句非谓语动词与状语从句There are some people insisting that they shouldn’t learn English.非谓语动词概述：动名词Ving；现在分词Ving; 过去分词ved; to do不定式分词短语从本质上而言：是由动词派生而来的形容词。
如，a sleeping baby, a used car, a frightening experience, a frightened child, etc.A baby who is sleeping.A car which is usedving形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作Ved形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：表示被动的动作或已完成的动作The fallen leavesThe falling leavesThe custom fascinates me.The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books.The baby will sleep until eight.Try not to wake a sleeping baby.Some movies are rated X.Children shouldn’t see X-rated movies. My leg was broken in three places.My broken leg is healing slowly.The sinking ship= the ship that was sinking The sunken ship=the ship that has sunken. Falling leaves=Fallen leaves=现在分词的完成时态：表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前。
Having doneThe students had solved most of the problems without any help.Having solved most of the problems without any help, the students were exhilarated. After they have solved most of the problems without…………………………..动名词Ving；既有动词的特征，可以带宾语，也有名词的特征可以充当句子的主语，宾语，定语，补语。
They are considering buying the house before the prices go up.Getting mad at others means other people are getting control of your emotions.A sleeping car; a swimming pool; a reading room.A sleeping boy; a swimming woman; a reading student5. 动名词的复合结构：这种结构常在句中作主语或宾语。
Tom’s coming home at last was a great consolation.Do you mind my making a suggestionMary insisted on my reading the letter.动名词的被动式和完成式I still remember being taken to the zoo for the first time.I remember my parent’s taking me to the zoo for the first time.I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.7. to do不定式To err is human; to forgive, divine.I hope to see you again.I think it hard to answer the question in a word.I have a letter to write.二、非谓语动词与各分句1. 动名词、不定式与名词从句：由陈述句变来的，即由that引导的名词性从句一般转化成动名词来表达，通常采用动名词复合结构的形式。
由疑问句变来的，即由whether 或what等引导的名词从句一般简化为不定式。
主语从句That John won the marathon surprised us. John’s winning the marathon surprised us. That he lost the game came as a surprise to everybody.His losing the game came as s surprise to everybody.同位语从句There was no chance that Davy would come from the battle alive.There was no chance of Davy coming from the battle alive.We were greatly encouraged by the news that China had launched another man-made satellite.We were greatly encouraged by China’s launching another man-made satellite.宾语从句(看从句的动词)I consider that I will emigrate to America in the future.I consider emigrating to America in the future.Jane’s mother insisted that she should go swimming with her brother.Jane’s mother insisted on her going swimming with her brother.I hope that I can drive to work in my own car.I hope to drive to work in my own car.She can’t decide whether she should go with him or stay home.She can’t decide whether to go with him or stay home.I don’t know what I should do.I don’t know what to do.Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.2、与定语从句（只有当关系词在定语从句中作主语时，才能把定语从句简化为短语）The people who were responsible for the incident were all punished.The girl who was standing in the cornerThe girl who is standing in the cornerThe girl who stood in the cornerThe girl who stands in the corner都可简化为：the girl standing in the corner. 所以简化后的表达不准确。
一般说来，被the only, the last, the next序数词和最高级形容词修饰的名词，其后所接的定语从句往往用不定式来替换。
You are the only one that can understand me.You are the only one to understand me.The next train that arrives is from New York. The next train to arrive is from NY.Clint was the second person that fell into this trap.3、与状语从句1. 状语从句与分词：特点主句与从句主语必须一致才可以简化。
如果不一致可以用独立主格结构来简化。
A tighter can’t be tamed unless it is caught very young.A tighter can’t be tamed unless caught. After I finished my home work, I fed the dog. Having finished my home work, ….After finish my home work, …..While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.（用独立主格简化）While the teacher being lecturing to the class,I fell asleep.2. 状语从句与不定式：能够简化为不定式的状语从句一般只有目的状语从句。
在英语中作目的状语几乎成了不定式的专属功能。
I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quite.I turned off the TV in order for my roommate to study in peace and quite.The teacher raised his voice in order that the students in the back could hear more clearly.。