2. Seven Waste 七大浪_

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Seven_Waste_七大浪废

Seven Wastes
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Example
搬运的浪费
物料储存区距离使用单位非常远
( 仓库到针车19线有 100 米的距离 )
仓库
结果: 我们必须通知搬运员去哪里取料我们需要额外的库存区我们需要额外的物料搬运员和设备
Seven Wastes 14
等待的浪费
定义：人、机器或产品在 “睡觉” 影响：时间、空间、劳力、潜在的报废、 $$$ 原因：不清楚或没有标准，布置等 • 范例 …………..?
Seven Wastes
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Waste of Waiting (People) 人的等待
In the above photo, why was this waste generated? 在这个例子中,为什么浪费会产生呢?
Seven Wastes 16
Waste of waiting (machine) 机器的等待
Seven Wastes
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多余制程的浪费
定义：在加工或组装产品中，做一些对顾客品质期望不必要的操作工序 • 影响：时间、成本、劳力、$$$ • 原因：不清楚或没有标准范例 …………..?
Seven Wastes
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Waste of Over-Process 多余制程的浪费
What causes this waste? 计算半成品的数量. 为什么会产生这样的浪费呢 ?
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不可避免的不增加价值活动 Incidental 没有增加价值，但在当前的技术及生产条件下无法避免的生产活动。
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浪费(不增加价值) Non Value Added – 没有增加价值（改变材料的形状、形式或功能），且可以立刻消除的活动。
Seven Wastes

Lean

1.4.7 Defect Production Waste 不良品的浪费
Making defect during production cause severe line interruption 制造不良品可导致生产操作缓慢受阻 Need to rework or scrap. This costs money and slow down production x xx Rejects 不合格品需返工或报废, 需返工或报废造成金钱浪费及影响生产进度
Taichi Ohno (1912-1990)
former Vice President, Toyota Motor Company, President, Japan Industrial Management Association Chairman, Toyoda Spinning and Weaving Co. Ltd
Lean Transformation Program
Lean
History of LEAN
Mass Production
Scientific Management 1900->
Toyota Production System
1950->
Lean Enterprise
2000->
1
1. 2. 3. 4.
The 7 Wastes in Manufacturing Plant 制造企业的7 制造企业的7种浪费
1. Overproduction Waste 过量生产的浪费 2. Standby Waste 等待的浪费 4. Processing Waste 生产过程的浪费 5. Inventory Waste 库存的浪费 6. Motion Waste 动作的浪费

01 Lean basic training 精益基础知识培训

➢ From 1930s to 1970s, Kiichiro Toyoda, Eiji Toyota, Taiichi Ohno,
3 1970 TOYOTA Production System 丰田生产方式
invented the Toyota Production System. 20世纪30-70年代，丰田汽车的丰田喜一郎，丰田英二，大野耐一，发明了丰田生产系统。
01 Lean basic training 精益基础知
识培训
Agenda 议程
1. Introduction to Lean 精益介绍 2. Basic Lean method & tools 基本精益方法及工具 3. Key success factors of lean Implementation 实施精益的关键成功因素
1.4 Seven waste 七大浪费 1.5 Value added, direct/indirect waste 增值，直接/非直接浪费
1
28.01.2
Wuhu © Continental AG
13
3
021
Important Literature about Lean Thinking 有关精益思想的重要文献
则就会被吃掉。
Every morning a lion wakes up… … it knows it must outrun the slowest gazelle or it will starve to death. 每天早晨狮子醒来的时候，它知道它必须跑得比最慢的羚羊快，否则就会饿死。
4
28.01.2
《改变世界的机器》，1990，詹姆斯·沃麦克，丹尼尔·琼斯和丹尼尔·罗斯 • “Lean Thinking” (1996) by James Womack and Daniel Jones 《精益思想》，1996，詹姆斯·沃麦克，丹尼尔·琼斯 • “Lean Solution” (2005) by James Womack and Daniel Jones 《精益解决方案》，2005，詹姆斯·沃麦克，丹尼尔·琼斯

湘少版五年级英语下册第二学期期中期末测试卷

湘少版五年级下册英语期末检测题一、补充并抄写下列单词句子1.T hey are waiting for a car.2.Draw a bird above the chimney.3.How did you come here?二、给下列汉语选择正确的英语翻译1.a bove the chimney __________ 6.穷人__________2.in front of the car__________ 7.在屋顶上__________3.wait for__________ 8.在公交汽车上__________4.behind the tree__________ 9.在树后面__________5.read in the bed__________ 10.小心__________三、按要求改写句子1.play on the road .(改为否定句)______________________________________________2.There is a rubbish bin on the desk.(改为一般疑问句）______________________________________________3.Don’t hide behind the door.(改为肯定句)3.Can you draw a rabbit for me ?(改为祈使句)______________________________________________4.Don’t be rude.Always be ________.(写出划线词的反义词)四、选择正确的选项。

（）1.He __________ swimming.A.likesB. loveC. look（）2.Don't put __________ feet on the seat.A. yourB. youC. yours（）3.-----Where __________ you on Saturday?------I was sick.A. wereB. wasC. are（）4.-----Who __________ second?------I was second.A.wereB. wasC. is（）5.-----__________is my book?-----It's on the table.A.WhoB. WhereC. What（）6.----- __________is your birthday?-----It's on the fifth of April. A.What B. Which C. When（）7.Children's Day is ______the first of June.A.inB. atC. on（）8.They are __________home.A.go toB. going toC. going五、找出不同的类。

2019年湖南长沙市中考英语试卷以及解析答案

2019年湖南长沙市中考英语试卷I．听力技能（两部分，共5小题，计20分）第一节听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共5小题，计5分）1．（1分）Where did Jim go last weekend？A．The science park．B．The countryside．C．The city library．2．（1分）How often does the boy play basketball？A．Every day．B．Twice a week．C．Twice a month．3．（1分）What's the weather like now？A．Rainy．B．Sunny．C．Snowy．4．（1分）When will Mary have a picnic？A．On Friday．B．On Saturday．C．On Sunday．5．（1分）What color does the girl like best？A．Green．B．Blue．C．Yellow．第二节听下面6段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共6小题，计15分）6．（2分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）What will the man do next？A．Leave right away．B．Stay for dinner．C．Catch a train．（2）How long will it take the man to get to the station？A．Half an hour．B．One hour．C．One and a half hours．7．（2分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）When will they go for a trip？A．In June．B．In July．C．In August．（2）How long will they stay there？A．For five days．B．For a week．C．For a month．8．（2分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）What is the second gift for Cathy？A．A skirt．B．A car．C．A computer．（2）What's the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Husband and wife．B．Boss and secretary．C．Father and daughter．9．（3分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）What is John doing at the moment？A．Cleaning the kitchen．B．Watching TV．C．Writing an email．（2）How old is Mark？A．Seven．B．Eight．C．Nine．（3）What makes John unhappy？A．His mother's strictness．B．His brother's laziness．C．His uncle's arrival．10．（3分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）Who helped Bob to make progress in math？A．Jack．B．Lucy．C．Tony．（2）Which subject has become Lucy's favorite？A．Math．B．History．C．Physics．（3）What are the speakers mainly talking about？A．History classes．B．Talent shows．C．Special memories．11．（3分）听第六段对话，回答下列小题．（1）In which country do children pick up things on their first birthdays？A．China．B．Mexico．C．America．（2）When do girls in Mexico have a special birthday celebration？A．At age 15．B．At age 18．C．At age 21．（3）What is often put on the top of a cake for the 21st birthday？A．A candy．B．A coin．C．A key．II．知识运用（两部分，共10小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空．（共10小题，计10分）12．（1分）_______ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island!（）A．What B．What a C．How13．（1分）Keep trying，______ you might surprisingly find hidden abilities within you．（）A．but B．and C．or14．（1分）Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ______ environmental protection，and we learned something about recycling of waste．（）A．on B．at C．to15．（1分）﹣﹣﹣I can't find Sarah．Where is she？﹣﹣﹣She ______ for tomorrow's Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home．（）A．prepares B．will prepareC．is preparing16．（1分）﹣﹣﹣So sorry，I took your school T﹣shirt by mistake．But where is _______？﹣﹣﹣Don't worry．Let me help you find it．（）A．yours B．his C．mine17．（1分）I ______ abroad for several years，but I have never regretted my final decision to move back to my motherland．（）A．am living B．lived C．have lived18．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Perfect photos! Good skills!﹣﹣﹣Thank you．They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone．In fact，I am not skillful at all．（）A．took B．were takenC．will be taken19．（1分）Of the two physics problems，Martha just finished ______ one．（）A．the most difficult B．the least difficultC．the less difficult20．（1分）China is getting better at making hi﹣tech products ______ can be bought in all parts of the world．（）A．who B．which C．what21．（1分）Life is like a story．What matters is not how long it is but______．（）A．how good it is B．how good is itC．what good it is第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案．（共1小题，计10分）22．（10分）Thanksgiving was just around the corner．The menu（菜谱）had been set．The shopping list was made．（1）seemed perfect．I could taste turkey and mashed potatoes（火鸡和土豆泥）．Pictures of different pies，fruit and vegetables came into my mind．I couldn't （2）!The day before Thanksgiving my dad called a family meeting．He said we needed to practice being （3）．"We are going to （4）at a homeless shelter（收容所）on Thanksgiving Day．" I couldn't believe this was happening．So we wouldn't cook our own Thanksgiving dinner？The holiday wouldn't be the same．I thought the day would be ruined（糟蹋）．The next morning，we got up （5）．I followed my father to the shelter with my sleepy eyes．I had no great expectations and felt （6）all the way．As soon as we arrived，we got to work．There was so much to be done．But all I could think about was the dinner I couldn't enjoy．However，those thoughts soon （7）．Over the next few hours，I watched hundreds of people come through the shelter．For some，this was the only hot meal they would eat that week．For others，it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal．The shelter was filled with （8）．Through this experience，I learned that Thanksgiving is a time to think about your blessings（祝福）and look for ways to bless others．When I gave up what I had wanted，I discovered how much I have．It is much better to （9）than to receive．In the end，that Thanksgiving became an （10）experience．（1）A．Something B．Everything C．Nothing（2）A．wait B．care C．understand（3）A．creative B．nervous C．thankful（4）A．rush out B．help out C．check out（5）A．early B．late C．suddenly（6）A．excited B．good C．down（7）A．appeared B．disappeared C．rose（8）A．stress B．joy C．fear（9）A．give B．take C．waste（10）A．uncomfortable B．unreasonable C．unforgettableⅢ．阅读技能（四部分，共2小题，计48分）第一节图表理解阅读下面的图表，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计10分）23．（4分）（1）The Yum Restaurant stays open for in total．A．two hoursB．three hoursC．five hours（2）From the menu above，we know that．A．bread and butter goes with startersB．there are four kinds of different ice creamC．the desserts are available for both lunch and dinner24．（6分）LAUGH YOUR HEAD OFFIf you are a huge fan of stand﹣up comedy（脱口秀），you'll have an amazing afternoon at EZ Comedy Club!The greatest live show ever is coming to town!Do you want to be part of the live audience（观众）？Recording TimeFriday，July 12th，2019Recording Location（位置）361，3rd Ave，New Haven，CTHow to join the audience？Please email us the following information at：ezccaudience2019@yahoo．comName，ID number，phone number，one recent photo．PS：Please check your inbox for our email．Please show this email to the ticket office．（1）If you are accepted as part of the audience by EZ Comedy Club，you can．A．perform thereB．watch a live showC．record your own comedies（2）Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the poster（海报）？A．The host of the show．B．The way to join the audience．C．Recording time and location．（3）We can infer（推断）from the poster that the show could be．A．very seriousB．quite funnyC．kind of boring第二节短文理解阅读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计20分）25．（10分）Recently，a junior high school sent several students back home because they broke the school uniform（校服）rules．Should students wear school uniforms？The Young World magazine held a discussion on this topic（话题）．Kennedy：The school uniform is very important，because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard．It also helps prevent school bullying（欺凌）．If everyone wears the same clothes，it is impossible to laugh at other people's clothing．Manson：The uniform has to be earned（获得）through efforts．Students should start school with no uniforms．As they make progress at school，they start wearing it．I always think children need to be proud of their school．The uniform is important for that．So，make students earn it! If they don't perform well，they should not be allowed to get one．Moorhead：In my opinion，kids don't have to wear uniforms．There should be more choices open to kids in education．They ought to develop their own independence and just be themselves．Their personalities would be expressed through their own clothes at school．And different dress could be one way of showing their understanding of beauty．Besides，they make the school lively and colorful．Patrick：I can see the advantages of wearing school uniforms．They play a very important role in managing schools．However，a school should not depend heavily on uniforms to improve students' behaviors．Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence（信心）is more important．（1）What does the writer mean to do in Paragraph 1？A．Present an opinion on a subject．B．Introduce a topic for discussion．C．Provide a way to solve problems．（2）What is Kennedy in the second paragraph？A．A student．B．A teacher．C．A parent．（3）In Manson's opinion，．A．students have the right to get school uniforms for freeB．students should be encouraged to earn school uniformsC．students performing well needn't wear school uniforms（4）According to Patrick，what is more important？A．Managing schools by uniforms．B．Improving students' behaviors．C．Helping students express themselves confidently．（5）We can learn from the text that．A．Kennedy can't stand school uniformsB．Moorhead is against school uniform rulesC．the writer holds the same opinion as Patrick's26．（10分）It is believed that Huck Finn is based on（基于）a childhood friend of Mark Twain's．In fact，Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character（虚构的角色）on a real ﹣life person．Severus Snape / John NettleshipSeverus Snape is a skillful wizard（巫师）teaching magic in Harry Potter．The writer，J．K．Rowling，once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers．The teacher turned out to be John Nettleship，who taught Rowling chemistry．At first，Nettleship felt surprised．"I know I am a strict teacher，" he said．"But I don't think I am asbad as Snape!" On second thoughts，however，he said that he was so ill﹣tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad．Also，he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab．That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans．Alice / Alice LiddellFamously，Lewis Carroll's Alice in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is based on Alice Liddell．Carroll was close to the Liddell family．One day，ten﹣year﹣old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story．Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole．The little girl liked the story so much that she asked him to write it down．And the rest is history．Dill / Truman CapoteIn To Kill a Mockingbird，Harper Lee based Dill on her childhood friend，Truman Capote．Capote once said，"Lee was my best friend．Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird？I'm a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived!"（1）Snape and Nettleship have something in common EXCEPT．A．their jobsB．their looksC．their hobbies（2）What does the underlined word "ill﹣tempered " mean in Paragraph 3？A．沉着冷静的B．优柔寡断的C．脾气暴躁的（3）What made Carroll decide to create Alice's Adventures in Wonderland？A．Alice Liddell's requirement．B．His great interest in rabbits．C．His experience of travelling．（4）Being a character of To Kill a Mockingbird，Truman Capote felt．A．proudB．unsatisfiedC．surprised（5）The text is mainly about．A．purposes of writing fictional storiesB．introductions to famous writers' childhood friendsC．characters of fictional stories from real﹣life persons第三节语篇补全阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文．选项中有一项为多余选项．（共1小题，计8分）27．（8分）Summer is here．One of the best ways to cool off on a hot summer day is to jump intoa swimming pool．Swimming is great exercise，and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way tohave fun with friends．（1），so it's important to stay safe as you do it．Here are a few things you can do to swim safely．•Swim only in areas set for swimming．Don't swim unless there is a lifeguard（救生员）on duty．If you're on a beach near the ocean，this is especially important．In some places，fast currents（急流）can sweep swimmers away without warning．So if a sign says "no swimming"，please take care．•Be careful when diving（跳水）into the water headfirst．Most pools have deep ends where diving is safe．In natural water，don't dive unless you know that the water is deep enough．（2），causing injury（伤害）or death．•Make sure you have a partner with you．Nobody knows what will happen while you are swimming．If something goes wrong，you can get help from that person as soon as possible．In this situation，（3）．•Pay close attention to children's safety．Kids who don't know how to swim should wear life jackets．But by themselves they arenot enough，（4）．If you have a pool at home，put a fence（围栏）around it in case children fall in．And if a child disappears，check the pool first．A．skilled kids may forget green handsB．so an adult should always be presentC．But swimming can also be dangerousD．a few seconds can make a big differenceE．Or you could hit your head on the bottom第四节阅读表达阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题．（共1小题，计10分）28．（10分）I am Canadian．I started learning French when I was 10 years old．But my whole experience with the language was in the classroom．All of that changed，however，during my last summer of high school．As a 17﹣year﹣old girl，I flew across the country by myself for the first time! I headed for Quebec to live in the province with a French﹣speaking host family，who didn't speak any English．And I would learn French at a local school．On the first day of school，all of us students were given a test to determine（测定）our language level．We were required to speak only French all summer．I made every effort to communicate in a second language by making new friends，seeingmovies and even ordering food from restaurants in French．Though I couldn't understand most of it at the very beginning，the whole experience was exciting and refreshing．On weekends，my classmates and I took trips to different places around the province．On one trip，we went whale watching on the St．Lawrence River．Even though it was raining，we could see huge whales swimming around our boat．The most memorable part of our trip was a visit to historic Quebec City．I walked along the stone streets，took pictures of the European﹣style（欧式的）buildings，and learned some stories there．Finally my efforts paid off! At the end of the summer，I was able to communicate pretty well．I couldn't wait to go back to school and talk with my French teacher．Being fully immersed（沉浸）in a French﹣speaking environment was a valuable learning experience．And it could be the main reason for my improvement in French．（1）When did the writer fly alone for the first time？（2）How did the local school determine the students' language level？（3）Did the writer enjoy the experience of communicating in French？（4）What did the writer think of the visit to historic Quebec City？（5）What could be the main reason for the writer's improvement in French？IV．写作技能（三部分，共1小题，计32分）第一节语篇翻译阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文．（共1小题，计10分）29．（10分）Do you enjoy hitting the books？It doesn't mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand．That may be reasonable if you don't understand something inside your books．Hitting the books just means that you are studying hard．You can learn a lot when you hit the books．（1）Especially before exams，most students spend a lot of time hitting the books to get good grades．This is just one example of expressions that can't be understood by taking them apart（分开）word by word．Expressions like this are called idioms（习语）．They are an important part of a culture's language．Languages and cultures are closely connected．One example of an idiom in the Chinese language is "dui niu tan qin"，or "to play the lute（拨弦乐器）to a cow．" （2）这意味着某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者．Let's get back to idioms that begin with the word "hit"．（3）There are many of them in English，but it's not that easy for you to understand．One common idiom you may hear in English is "hit the road"．It means to leave or to go．You can say，"Hey，I need to hit the road．Can we talk about this another time？" Or simply，"It's time to hit the road．" When you are tired and you want to go to bed，you can say，"I need to hit the hay（干草）．" It means you want to go to sleep．（4）That's because a bed was often a big bag with hay inside in the past．（5）习语使你的语言生动而有趣．Let's hit the road to learn some and try to use them．（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）第二节情景交际通读下面的对话，根据上下文补全对话内容．（共1小题，计10分）30．（10分）A：Hey，Joy．This is Steve，calling from the Tianmenshan Mountain of Zhangjiajie!B：Hi，Steve．You are already in Zhangjiajie？! Great to hear you! So （1）？A：Oh，amazing! You know，Zhangjiajie is famous for its steep（陡峭的）mountains，which are quite different from those in our country．B：Really？（2）？A：No．Instead of walking，we took the cable car（缆车）．B：That was also an exciting experience，I suppose．（3）？A：For five days．My dad will have an important meeting next Monday．Work comes first．B：What a pity! Given more time，you could visit more places of interest．How about the food there？A：（4）! As a real foodie（吃货），I enjoy all kinds of traditional food here．And so do my family．B：You do？A：Yes．And tomorrow we are going to visit Huanglongdong．It is said to be one of the most beautiful karst caves（溶洞）in the world and it has interested so many travellers．B：Fantastic! Could you please tell me more about it when you are back？A：（5）．I'll see you in a few days．Talk to you soon．B：Thank you．Have a nice journey!第三节书面表达（计12分）31．（12分）假如你是李华，你们班输了上周的篮球赛．Henry认为是他未能投进最后一球所造成的，有的队友也因此而责怪他．请你写一封英文邮件安慰他，谈谈你对此事的看法，并就如何取得队友的理解提出建议．要求：（1）80词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；（3）信中不得出现真实人名和校名．Dear Henry，I learned that you are feeling sorry and upset because of losing the basketballgame________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________2019年湖南长沙市中考英语试卷答案与解析I．听力技能（两部分，共5小题，计20分）第一节听下面5段对话．每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共5小题，计5分）1．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略2．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略3．【分析】略【解答】A【点评】略4．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略5．【分析】略【解答】C【点评】略第二节听下面6段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有2-3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．（共6小题，计15分）6．【分析】略【解答】AC【点评】略7．【分析】略【解答】BA【点评】略8．【分析】略【解答】CC【点评】略9．【分析】略【解答】CAB【点评】略10．【分析】略【解答】ABC【点评】略11．【分析】略【解答】AAC【点评】略II．知识运用（两部分，共10小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空．（共10小题，计10分）12．【分析】在橘子岛上进行野外旅行是多么有趣啊！【解答】根据句子结构可知是感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，语境中fun是不可数名词，乐趣，句型结构为：What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！故选：A．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答13．【分析】一直努力，你可能会很惊讶地发现你所隐藏的潜能．【解答】A表示但是，B表示和，C表示或者．根据题干可知一直努力，你可能会很惊讶地发现你所隐藏的潜能，该句是"祈使句，and/or陈述句"，且句子前后是并列顺承关系，则应用and．故选：B．【点评】本题考查连词辨析，基础题，熟悉所给单词的含义，再根据题干即可作出选择．14．【分析】昨天我们的校长发表了关于环境保护的演讲，我们学到了一些回收废物的方法．【解答】on"关于、在…之上、在…时候"；to"朝、到、对于"；at"在、以、向"，三者都是介词．．由题干"昨天我们的校长发表了关于环境保护的演讲，我们学到了一些回收废物的方法．"可知，空格是"关于"，用on，因此答案应是on．故选：A．【点评】本题考查时间介词的用法，在熟知所供词的含义基础上，根据句意，从而判断出正确答．15．【分析】﹣﹣我找不到莎拉．她在哪里？﹣﹣她正在为明天的兴城杯演讲比赛做准备．【解答】根据问句"我找不到莎拉．她在哪里？"结合答句可知用现在进行时，句意：她正在为明天的兴城杯演讲比赛做准备．故选：C．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答16．【分析】非常抱歉，由于错拿了你的校服体血衫．不过我的在哪？﹣﹣别急，我帮助你找到．【解答】yours 你的，mine我的；his他的，名词性物主代词，相当于一个形容词性物主代词加上名词的意思．从非常抱歉，由于错拿了你的校服体血衫．不过我的在哪？故用mine．故选：C．【点评】解答本题的关键是正确区分和使用物主代词．17．【分析】我在国外住了几年．但我从来没有后悔过我做出的回到祖国的决定．【解答】本题考查的是一般过去时的相关知识．所给的时态：A．am living 现在进行时；B．lived 一般过去时；C．have lived 现在完成时（现在已经不在国外住了，也没有强调国外居住对说话时的影响，所以不能选此答案）．分析：从but后的句意可知说话人已经不再国外住了，因此在国外住已经是过去了，应该用过去时．故选：B．【点评】解答本题时，要正确区分一般过去时和现在完成时的用法．18．【分析】﹣﹣完美的照片！很好的技巧！﹣﹣谢谢．我的华为手机拍的照片．事实上，我根本没有技巧．【解答】主语they指代photos，与动词take是被动关系，拍照片发生在过去，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，was/were +过去分词故选：B．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答19．【分析】两个物理问题，玛莎刚刚做出不太难的那道．【解答】根据句意：两个物理问题，玛莎刚刚做出不太难的那道．Of the two是两者作比较，用比较级．less difficult不那么难．故选：C．【点评】熟悉形容词比较级和最高级的用法，结合题意，给出答案．20．【分析】中国越来越擅长制造高科技产品，它们可以在世界各地买到．【解答】根据句意：中国越来越擅长制造高科技产品，它们可以在世界各地买到．考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是products，指物，作主语，关系代词用which．故选：B．【点评】熟悉关系代词的基本用法，结合题意，给出答案．21．【分析】生活就像一个故事．重要的不是它有多长，而是它有多好．【解答】根据句子结构可知是感叹句，what修饰名词，排除C选项；how修饰形容词/副词，How+形容词+主语+谓语！故选：A．【点评】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案．（共1小题，计10分）22．【分析】我对感恩节期待已久，不料爸爸在感恩节的前一天说感恩节的时候要到收容所去帮助那里的人做事情，我很不情愿．后来的事情证明，这是一个难以忘记的感恩节．【解答】（1）B考查代词；Something某事；Everything一切事情；Nothing没有什么事情．根据The menu（菜谱）had been set．The shopping list was made．因此可知这句话的意思是"一切似乎都是那么完美．"故选B．（2）A考查动词．wait等待；care关心；understand理解．根据上文"Pictures of different pies，fruit and vegetables came into my mind．" couldn't wait是固定搭配，意思是"等不及了"因此可知这句话的意思是"我迫不及待了．"故选A．（3）C考查形容词．creative有创造力的；nervous紧张的；thankful感激的．根据上文"Theday before Thanksgiving my dad called a family meeting．"因此可知这句话的意思是"我们要练习一下如何感恩．"故选C．（4）B考查动词短语．rush out冲出去；help out帮助…做事；check out结账．根据空格后面的词语是"at a homeless shelter（收容所）"因此可知这句话的意思是"我们在感恩节的时候将要帮助收容所的人做些事．"故选B．（5）A考查副词．early早地；late晚的；suddenly突然．根据下文"my sleepy eyes"因此可知这句话的意思是"第二天早上，我们起的很早．"故选A．（6）C考查形容词．excited兴奋的；good好的；down 沮丧的．根据上文" I had no great expectations"因此可知这句话的意思是"我对此没有大的期望，一路上感到很沮丧．"故选C．（7）B考查动词．appeared出现；disappeared消失；rose举起．根据下文"Over the next few hours，I watched hundreds of people come through the shelter．For some，this was the only hot meal they would eat that week．For others，it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal．" 因此可知这句话的意思是"然而，这些想法很快就消失了．"故选B．（8）B考查名词．stress压力；joy快乐；fear恐惧．根据上文"For some，this was the only hot meal they would eat that week．For others，it was the first time to eat a Thanksgiving meal．"因此可知这句话的意思是"这个收容所充满了快乐．"故选B．（9）A考查动词．give给；take拿走；waste浪费．根据上文"When I gave up what I had wanted，I discovered how much I have．"因此可知这句话的意思是"给予要比收到更好一些．"（10）C考查形容词．uncomfortable不舒服的；unreasonable不合理的；unforgettable难忘的．根据上文" Through this experience，I learned that Thanksgiving is a time to think about your blessings（祝福）and look for ways to bless others．"因此可知这句话的意思是"最后这个感恩节成了一个难以忘却的经历．"故选C．【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，从中找出最符合短文的选项，就可以确定正确答案．Ⅲ．阅读技能（四部分，共2小题，计48分）第一节图表理解阅读下面的图表，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计10分）23．【分析】本文介绍了Y um饭店的菜单、价格和营业时间等．【解答】1．C．细节理解题．根据"Lunch served 12：30 ﹣2：30 p．m．Dinner served6；00 ﹣9：00 p．m．"可知，午饭在12：30到下午2：30提供，晚饭在晚上6点到9点提供，共营业5个小时．故选C．2．A．细节理解题．根据"All starters are served with bread and butter"可知，所有的开胃菜都配上面包和黄油，所以说通过上面的菜单，我们知道面包和黄油是和开胃菜一起的．故选A．【点评】阅读中注意文后的问题，然后带着问题再读短文，找出与答题内容相关语句，反复阅读，反复分析，然后确定答案．阅读中要善于从短文信息中总结推测出所需答案，注意所填答案与短文中相关语句的关系，与相关单词短语的关系．24．【分析】本文主要为脱口秀节目进行广告．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据The greatest live show ever is coming to town!可知，最宏大的节目就要到我们镇，可知成为观众可以观看现场节目．故选：B．（2）A．细节理解题．根据Recording Time Friday，July 12th，2019．录制时间星期五，2019年7月12日；Recording Location（位置）361，3rd Ave，New Haven，CT．录制地点为：361，3rd Ave，New Haven，CT．因此，本文谈到了节目录制的时间和地点．根据How to join the audience？Please email us the following information at．可知，怎样加入？请发送邮件．可知本文谈到了怎样加入这个节目组．这样只能选A项．故选：A．（3）B．细节推断题．根据you'll have an amazing afternoon at EZ Comedy Club!你在EZ Comedy Club，将会有一个神奇的下午．可知，这个节目会很有趣．故选：B．【点评】阅读中注意文后的问题，然后带着问题再读短文，找出与答题内容相关语句，反复阅读，反复分析，然后确定答案．阅读中要善于从短文信息中总结推测出所需答案，注意所填答案与短文中相关语句的关系，与相关单词短语的关系．第二节短文理解阅读下面的短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子．（共2小题，计20分）25．【分析】《青年世界》杂志就学生是否应该穿校服这个话题展开了讨论．不同的人对此有不同的看法．文章介绍了几种观点．【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据文中"Should students wear school uniforms"可知，学生是否应该穿校服？故知本段目的是引出话题，故选B．2．A．细节理解题．根据文中"The school uniform is very important，because it always reminds me that I am supposed to go out of my way to study hard"可知，校服很重要，因为它总是提醒我，我应该尽最大努力学习．故知他是个学生．故选A．3．B．细节理解题．根据文中"The uniform has to be earned（获得）through efforts"可知，必须通过努力来获得校服．故选B．4．C．细节理解题．根据文中"Teaching them how to express themselves with confidence （信心）is more important"可知，教他们怎样自信地表达自己的观点更重要．故选C．5．B．推理判断题．根据文中"In my opinion，kids don't have to wear uniforms"和"There should be more choices open to kids in education "可知，我认为，儿童不必穿校服．儿童教育中应该给予更多选择，故知他反对校服制度．故选B．【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．26．【分析】有很多作者就像马克•吐温一样是根据生活中的真实人物创作作品中的人物的．本文说的是几组作品中的人物与真实人物．【解答】1．C．细节理解题．根据文中"Also，he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab"可知，他（内特尔希普）还经常留长发，实验室乱糟糟．故选C．2．C．词义理解与猜测题．根据文中"On second thoughts，however，he said that he was so ill﹣tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad"可知，他重新考虑后说，自己脾气很坏，大多数学生避免使他生气．故知"ill﹣tempered"意思是"脾气很坏的"，3．A．细节理解题．根据文中"One day，ten﹣year﹣old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story"和"Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole"可知，有一天，10岁的爱丽丝请卡罗尔给她讲个故事．卡罗尔开始创作著名的爱丽丝童话，以及在她跌进兔子洞之后发生的事情．故选A．4．A．细节理解题．根据文中"I'm a character in that story"和"The story takes place just in the town where we lived"可知，我是故事中的人物，故事就发生于我们居住的城镇．故知杜鲁门•卡波特感到很骄傲．故选A．5．C．主旨大意题．根据文中"In fact，Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character （虚构的角色）on a real﹣life person"可知，有很多作者就像马克•吐温一样是根据生活中的真实人物创作作品中的人物的．故知本文说的是作品中的人物与真实人物．故选C．【点评】首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案．第三节语篇补全阅读下面的短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项补全短文．选项中有一项为多余选项．（共1小题，计8分）。

八大浪费China_Waste Walk_Gemba tools

Waste Walk_Gemba Tools
BE: Mike VH Hill DT SQE: Mack Hu/Gilbert Yuan
Task
Transportation Inventory Motion Waiting Over-Production Over-Processing Defects Handoffs
Build ahead of demand 生產在需
求之前 Large lot sizes or batch processing 大批量的生產
The Seven Wastes Business Processes
製程的七種浪費
Processing 加工
Excessive information gathering 過多的收集信息 Installing/deinstalling 安裝 Reconfiguration 重新配置 Entering same information into 2 systems. 將同樣信息輸入兩個系統 Going through DSN tree for Resolution code when not using DSN for troubleshooting. 當不使用DSN解決糾紛時通過DSN tree下載決議代碼.
Examples舉例說明
Product/work design 產品/工作設計 Product presentation 產
品呈遞
Transportation to line轉移至產線 Access to materials接觸材料
THE SEVEN WASTES
Defects缺失、不良
Over Processing 多餘的加工

4 精益生产3大敌人与7种浪费-学员手册2008-05

4.精益生产3大敌人与7种浪费 4 精益生产3大敌人与7种浪费 The 3 Enemies & 7 Wastes
上海梅赛德斯奔驰车辆技术有限公司MB SIM Technology Co., Ltd. Co Ltd
2008.05
识别并消除浪费Identification & Elimination of Waste

Local Optimization 局部优化 Unreliable Processes 不可靠的过程 Unreliable Suppliers 不可靠的供应商 Unleveled Schedules 非均衡计划 Poor Communication 信息交流不畅通 Long Changeovers 换时间换型时间太长 Low machine uptime 低的设备可利用率 Overproduction 过量生产 p
Just-In-Case Logic 万需要的想法万一需要的想法 True Customer Requirements Undefined or Unclear 顾客的真正需求没有定义或不清楚 Redundant Steps 重复的工步 Lack of Operator Training 缺乏操作者培训 Overproduction 过量生产
Any A supply l in excess of one piece flow 任何超过单件流的供应
尊重版权®,未经同意,请勿外传
06.05.2008
15
过度库存浪费Waste of Excess Inventory
Waste of Inventory: Root Causes f C 库存: 根因
The 3 Enemies:
精益生产3大敌人:

七大污染的种类英文

Seven Major Types of Pollution in English IntroductionPollution is a global issue that affects the environment, living organisms, and human health. There are various types of pollution that occur due to human activities and natural processes. In this document, we will discuss seven major types of pollution in English, including air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, light pollution, thermal pollution, and radioactive pollution. Each type of pollution has its own causes, effects, and potential solutions. Understanding these types of pollution is crucial in order to develop sustainable practices and promote a clean and healthy environment.1. Air PollutionAir pollution refers to the contamination of the air by harmful gases, particulate matter, and pollutants. It is primarily caused by industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, burning of fossil fuels, and agricultural activities. The impacts of air pollution include respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, global warming, and damage to ecosystems. To mitigate air pollution, it is important to promote cleaner technologies, increase the use of renewable energy sources, and implement stricter emission standards.2. Water PollutionWater pollution occurs when pollutants such as chemicals, industrial waste, sewage, and oil contaminate the water bodies. It can have severe consequences on aquatic life, ecosystems, and human health. The sources of water pollution include industrial discharges, improper waste disposal, and agricultural runoff. Preventive measures include the implementation of strict pollution control measures, wastewater treatment, and proper disposal of hazardous materials.3. Soil PollutionSoil pollution refers to the contamination of the soil with toxic substances, including heavy metals, chemicals, and pesticides. It can occur due to improper waste disposal, use of contaminated water for irrigation, and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. Soil pollution has negative effects on soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and human health. Soil remediation techniques, organic farming practices, and proper waste management can help reduce soil pollution.4. Noise PollutionNoise pollution is the excessive or disturbing noise that disrupts the environment and affects human health. It is caused by various sources such asindustrial activities, transportation, construction sites, and loud music. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise can lead to hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances, and communication difficulties. Noise barriers, noise insulation, and proper urban planning are some measures to control and reduce noise pollution.5. Light PollutionLight pollution refers to the excessive or misdirected artificial light that alters the natural light environment. It occurs due to poor lighting design, excessive outdoor lighting, and urbanization. Light pollution negatively impacts ecosystems, disrupts wildlife behavior, and affects human sleep patterns. To reduce light pollution, it is important to use efficient lighting fixtures, promote responsible lighting practices, and raise awareness about the consequences of excessive artificial light.6. Thermal PollutionThermal pollution is the increase in water temperature in lakes, rivers, and oceans due to human activities. It occurs primarily through the discharge of heated water from industries and power plants. Thermal pollution can harm aquatic ecosystems, reduce dissolved oxygen levels, and affect the reproduction and survival of aquatic organisms. Implementing cooling technologies, optimizing power plant operations, and using alternative cooling methods can help minimize thermal pollution.7. Radioactive PollutionRadioactive pollution refers to the contamination of the environment with radioactive substances. It occurs from nuclear power plants, uranium mining, and improper disposal of radioactive waste. Radioactive pollution can have severe health effects, including radiation sickness, genetic mutations, and increased risk of cancer. Proper management of nuclear facilities, safe disposal of radioactive waste, and adherence to strict safety protocols are necessary to prevent radioactive pollution.ConclusionPollution in its various forms poses significant threats to the environment and human well-being. Understanding the types, causes, and effects of pollution is essential for implementing effective measures to prevent and mitigate its adverse impacts. By adopting sustainable practices, promoting renewable energy sources, and raising awareness, we can work towards a cleaner and healthier environment for present and future generations. Let us all contribute to combating pollution and preserving the planet for a sustainable future.。

Seven MODAS七种浪费

Characteristics 特征 • Inventory Stockpiles / 物料堆积 • Extra Equipment / 多余设备 • Extra Storage Racks / 多余货架 • Extra Manpower / 多余人力 • Additional Floor Space / 多余空间 Causes 原因 • Incapable Processes / 加工能力不够 • Lack of Communication / 沟通不够 • Long changeover / 换型时间长 • Low Uptimes / 工时利用率低 • Lack of Stable / Consistent Schedules 缺乏稳定的生产计划
Eliminate Wastes 消除七种浪费 • • • • • • • Correction 返工 Overproduction 过量生产 Conveyance 搬运 Motion 多余动作 Waiting 等待 Inventory 库存 Processing 过程不当
Definition of Wastes 什么是浪费？
一切物料搬运
活动
Waste of Material Movement Conveyance 物料搬运
Characteristics特征:
• • • • • Extra Fork Trucks Multiple Storage Locations Extra Facility Space Incorrect Inventory Counts Opportunity for Damage 多余的叉车，空间，物品损坏
• Incapable Processes / 能力不足 • Operator Control Error / 操作不当 • Insufficient Training / 培训不足

精益七大浪费7waste

2
概述
从客户的角度
增值的行为必须符合下面三个条件：必须是客户认为重要并且愿意为之付钱必须是经过加工流程后，产品形态发生变化必须是一次通过的，无返工
3
概述
4
概述
识别浪费小游戏：
下面是一份消音器更换账单，请找出其中增值的活动？
$7
填写服务单
$7
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
寻找零件
$5
移动汽车
$7
15 分钟休息
即使是最好的工艺流程，也会产生一些动作，这些动作是非增值的，属于浪费，但是属于无法避免的伴生动作
伴生动作是指当前工艺流程中无法避免的，比如取件，装卸，开机动作，等待，但是像走动，提升，下降，找料等待，则是纯粹的浪费
动作浪费带来的影响：
消耗体力，容易疲惫安全风险生产时间的浪费
17
七大浪费：动作浪费
改善方法：
生产方式由批量生产向拉动生产转变提升问题解决能力，不断暴露问题，解决问题换模速度改善多做市场调研，提高预测准确率
22
七大浪费：过度加工的浪费
过度加工的浪费：
对产品多余的加工，超出客户期望值的部分
需要多余的人工和设备，需要多余的水，电，气等能源增加了设备的损耗增加管理等成本
23
七大浪费：过度加工的浪费过度加工的浪费一般有：
提供较高品质的产品，例如超过客户要求的标准不必要的工艺步骤（普通车削三遍才能完成的工作改良后车两遍就能符
合要求）习惯性的零件的全检（可以是每隔几天做一次检查）过度的包装等等
改善方法：
正确理解客户的技术要求，严格按照技术要求加工零件对自身技术的不信任，提高技能提高标准化程度，做好作业指导书
操作员在等待机器完成周期性工作的时候，等待就产生了，但实际上现代的设备在自动加工过程中，具有又防错功能，不需要专人照看

seven habits【转帖,谢谢别人的总结】

seven habits(高效人士的七个习惯)1. Be Proactive2. Begin with the end in mind3. Put the first things first4. Think win-win5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood6. Synergize7. Sharpen the saw这两天除了Research，还参加了香港浸会大学的《the 7 Habits of Highly Effective People》（高效能人士的七个习惯）的培训（全英文的，一共三天，每天4个小时）。

做下笔记，谈点想法，简要的，重要的。

有启发的句子还是值得品味一下的。

每次看的时候能自省一下，效果就到了。

具体能否做到，那是各人的事。

实话说，这7个习惯列出来真的没什么大不了：1. Be Proactive2. Begin with the end in mind3. Put the first things first4. Think win-win5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood6. Synergize7. Sharpen the saw你看到了有特殊的感觉么？我是没有的。

不过，I see and I remember, I do and I understand。

知道和理解是两回事，完全是两回事。

第一天，主要是熟悉这7个习惯，并且会背，清楚彼此之间的关系。

这个关系很重要。

注意以下的这几个词：Dependence -- Independence -- Interdependence依赖到独立到相互依赖。

最开始我们依赖别人，那么最明显的情况就是说出来的话以“你/你们”开头。

简单的说就是万事先找外因，怪罪也是从外因开始。

之后，我们受到良好的教育，知道这样是不对滴，那么就提倡“独立”，倡导个人的成功，那么在1、2、3的习惯下，我们知道应该积极，主动，做事有始有终，把握事情的轻重缓急（也就是英语的Not important, Important, Not Urgent, Urgent）。

人教版八年级上学期英语《期末考试试卷》附答案解析

人教版英语八年级上学期期末测试卷学校________ 班级________ 姓名________ 成绩________第一部分选择题I.完形填空阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中能填入相应空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑Once there was a young businessman. He always thought that he was____1____ for failing so many times in doing business in different fields. In the end, he came to____2____Socrates, a famous philosopher(哲学家), how to succeed.Socrates said ___3___but took him along to a river. He___4___pushed the young man into the river. At first, the businessman thought Socrates was joking so he didn't take it seriously. He was a good____5____so he floated(漂浮) himself in the water in a relaxing way. Without telling him, Socrates___6___into the river and pulled his head into water. At that moment, the young man got really ___7___. The nature of saving himself made him use up all his strength to get out of Socrates and climb to the ___8___“I nearly went to death!”" The businessman ____9____with great anger. Socratesreplied, “I just want to tell you whatever you do, do everything possible. Only like that canyou ___10___your own success.”1. A. happy B. unlucky C. unusual2. A. challenge B. teach C. ask3. A. something B. nothing C. everything4. A. suddenly B. slowly C. angrily5. A. player B. businessman C. swimmer6. A. jumped B. fell C. looked7. A. pleased B. frightened C. confident8. A. bank B. island C. tree9. A. smiled B. answered C. shouted10. A. win B. achieve C. understandII. 阅读理解阅读下列短文, 从下面每小题的A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将相应的字母编号涂黑。

烟台2024年08版小学三年级上册T卷英语第二单元测验试卷

烟台2024年08版小学三年级上册英语第二单元测验试卷考试时间：100分钟（总分:100）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、How many days are in a week?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight答案：C2、听力题：The _____ (river/ocean) is deep.3、听力题：Rivers can carve out ______ over millions of years.4、填空题：I appreciate my parents’ love and ____.5、听力题：The __________ is the part of a plant that holds leaves and flowers.6、What is the capital of Canada?A. TorontoB. OttawaC. VancouverD. Montreal答案: B7、填空题：A _______ (小松鼠) gathers nuts for winter.8、听力题：The lamp is ___ (bright/dim).9、What is the primary color of a banana?A. GreenB. YellowC. BrownD. Red答案:B10、选择题：What is the name of the famous singer known as the "King of Pop"?A. Elvis PresleyB. Michael JacksonC. PrinceD. Madonna11、What is the capital of Brunei?A. Bandar Seri BegawanB. Kuala BelaitC. SeriaD. Tutong答案: A12、What instrument do you blow into?A. GuitarB. FluteC. PianoD. Drums13、听力题：A ____ burrows underground and is often seen in backyards.14、What is the capital city of Vietnam?A. Ho Chi Minh CityB. HanoiC. Da NangD. Nha Trang15、听力题：A ________ is a geographic region defined by its climate.16、填空题：I love _______ (听故事) from my grandma.17、 (Silk) Road connected China with the Mediterranean. 填空题：The ____18、What is the name of the famous mountain range in North America?A. AndesB. RockiesC. AlpsD. Himalayas答案：B19、填空题：I have a toy _____ that can sing.20、听力题：A sound that is high-pitched has a high ______ (frequency).21、填空题：The _____ (植物) is very green.22、What is the capital of Egypt?A. CairoB. AlexandriaC. LuxorD. Giza答案: A23、填空题：The _____ (生态意识) encourages responsible plant care.24、填空题：The hamster runs in its _______ (仓鼠在它的_______里跑).25、听力题：The girl has a beautiful ________.26、听力题：Respiration is a process that occurs in ________.27、What is the name of the famous ancient structure in Greece?A. ParthenonB. ColosseumC. Great WallD. Taj Mahal答案: A28、听力题：The ______ helps us learn about the environment.29、听力题：The chemical formula for calcium sulfate is _______.30、听力题：The teacher is _____ (kind/strict) to us.31、What do we call the process of changing from a caterpillar to a butterfly?A. MetamorphosisB. TransformationC. EvolutionD. Growth答案:A32、填空题：The main component of air is _______. (氮气)33、听力题：An __________ reaction absorbs heat from the environment.34、What is the term for a young goat?A. CalfB. KidC. FoalD. Lamb答案:B35、填空题：The toy train is on the ______.36、What do you call a place where you can borrow books?A. StoreB. LibraryC. SchoolD. Office答案: B37、填空题：My dog is very _______ (忠诚) to me.38、What is the primary function of the heart?A. To breatheB. To pump bloodC. To digest foodD. To filter waste答案：B39、听力填空题：An interesting place I have visited is __________, and I liked it because __________.40、听力题：The ________ (house) is very big.41、What do you call a person who studies stars?A. BiologistB. AstronomerC. ChemistD. Geologist答案:B42、What is the name of the largest desert in the world?A. Sahara DesertB. Gobi DesertC. Kalahari DesertD. Arabian Desert答案:A43、填空题：My ________ (玩具名称) is a fun friend.44、填空题：The country known for its fjords is ________ (挪威).45、听力题：The chemical symbol for iron is ______.46、填空题：My _____ (外婆) loves to bake.47、听力题：The chemical formula for ferric chloride is _____.48、听力题：The capital of Tuvalu is __________.49、听力题：The chemical symbol for francium is _______.50、听力题：The ____ is a colorful fish that can swim in aquariums.51、填空题：My ________ (玩具名称) helps me practice my spelling.52、听力题：The _____ (沙滩) is sunny.53、What is the capital of Iceland?A. ReykjavikB. AkureyriC. EgilsstaðirD. Ísafjörður答案: A54、What is the capital city of Australia?A. SydneyB. CanberraC. MelbourneD. Brisbane答案:B55、What do you call the process of water turning into vapor?A. PrecipitationB. EvaporationC. CondensationD. Freezing答案:B56、填空题：The ancient Romans used _______ to build their structures. (砖)57、填空题：The ________ (海洋研究) unveils mysteries of the deep.58、填空题：The __________ (历史的传承) shapes future identity.59、填空题：The __________ (文艺复兴) was a period of great cultural change in Europe.60、What is the opposite of "hot"?A. ColdB. WarmC. BoilingD. Scorching61、听力题：The _____ (bridge) is strong.62、What is the past tense of "eat"?A. EatenB. AteC. EatingD. Eats答案:B63、What is the main ingredient in soup?A. WaterB. SaltC. SugarD. Oil答案: A64、How many continents are there in the world?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. Eight65、填空题：A parrot can ______ (模仿) human speech.66、填空题：The _____ (植物) can grow in various climates.67、What do we call the person who writes stories?A. AuthorB. EditorC. ReaderD. Publisher68、填空题：My sister loves __________ (参与学校活动).69、What do you call a house made of ice?A. IglooB. CabinC. TentD. Castle70、填空题：My _______ (猫) catches mice.71、What is the name of the famous American singer known for her hit song "Rolling in the Deep"?A. Alicia KeysB. Mariah CareyC. AdeleD. Taylor Swift答案: C72、What is the capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis?a. Basseterreb. Charlestownc. Sandy Pointd. Cayon答案:a73、听力题：My brother is a ______. He enjoys doing magic tricks.74、听力题：The classroom is ______ (full) of students.75、What is the name of the ocean between Africa and Australia?A. Atlantic OceanB. Indian OceanC. Arctic OceanD. Pacific Ocean答案：B76、听力题：She has a ________ (passion) for helping others.77、Which animal hops and has a pouch?A. KangarooB. RabbitC. SquirrelD. Mouse答案:A78、Which day comes after Monday?A. SundayB. TuesdayC. WednesdayD. Thursday79、填空题：A _____ (小猫) loves to play with pom-poms.80、zero waste) movement aims to eliminate waste. 填空题：The ____81、Where does the President of the United States live?a. The White Houseb. The Capitolc. The Pentagond. The Courthouse答案:a82、What is the sound a cat makes?A. BarkB. MeowC. RoarD. Moo答案:B83、What is the capital of the Czech Republic?A. PragueB. BudapestC. BratislavaD. Warsaw答案: A. Prague84、Which animal can swim and fly?A. FishB. BirdC. DuckD. Dog答案:C85、听力题：We are going to ________ a picnic.86、How many weeks are in a year?A. 48B. 50C. 52D. 54答案: C87、填空题：The ______ (蜘蛛) spins a web to catch its ______ (昆虫).88、What is the primary color of a pumpkin?A. GreenB. OrangeC. YellowD. Brown89、填空题：在中国历史上，________ (unification) 是一个重要的主题。

《老人与海》英语词汇表

from
prep.从…起；(表来源)从；(表原因)由于
its
pron.[it的所有格]它的
reflection
n.反射，反映，映像；深思，考虑
tropic
n.(pl.)热带(地区)；回归线
were
v.(are的过去式)是，在
cheeks
[cheeks ]
ran
v.(run的过去式)跑
well
ad.好，令人满意地；很int.哎呀，好啦，嗯
everything
pron.每件事，一切，所有事物
about
ad.在周围，大约prep.关于；在周围a.准备
except
conj.,prep.只是；要不是；除...之外
eyes
n.视力，目力
same
a.相同的prop.相同的人(或物) ad.同样地
color
n.颜色，彩色；颜料；肤色v.给…着色，染
mast
n.桅杆；杆，天线杆
patched
[patched ]
flour
n.面粉，粉；粉状物质
sacks
[sacks ]
looked
[looked ]
like
v.喜欢prep.象；比如a.相象的n.象…一样
flag
v.(用特殊记号)标出(某物,以引起特别注意)
permanent
n.永久(性)的，固定(性)的
coiled
[coiled ]
lines
n.线条；诗句，台词
or
conj.或，或者(表示选择)；即，大约；否则
gaff
n.大鱼钩；鱼叉
harpoon
n.(捕鲸的)鱼叉
sail
n.帆；航行vi.航行；启航vt.航行；飘过

JCMS简介(入门培训)

每件物品都放置在指定的地方
5S是一切改善活动的基础，是精益生产的前提 5S is the base for all improvement, is the precondition for LEAN
Standard Operations 标准化作业
Operators do the same SEQUENCE of work each time. 操作员每次都按同样的次序工作
D-0 Awareness 识别问题 D-1 Define the Team 明确队伍 D-2 Define the Problem 明确问题 D-3 Contain the Problem 遏制问题 D-4 Identify the Root Cause 确认根本原因 D-5 Implement Corrective Action 实施纠正措施 D-6 Verify Corrective Action 验证防范措施 D-7 Prevent Reoccurrence 预防再度发生 D-8 Follow-up and Reward the Team 后续工作和奖励队伍
Kaizen is Continuous Improvement. Kaizen 改善是一种持续不断的改进活动。
Ongoing, incremental changes that have positive impact 体现在不断增长的正面影响
Kaizen Events are 3-5 day sessions where multiple Kaizens are identified and executed. Kaizen 改善活动通常以3到5天为一周期，在这个过程中要确定和执行几个Kaizen。
---- doing more to the product than the customer requested对产品做客户要求之外的操作。 ➢ Waiting 等待

Lean thinking精益思想

The New Way of Thinking about Cell 新思维方式 The New Way of Creating Production Line/Cell
Open room
Things to Consider 应考虑的事物
About the machines
机台设备要求
Use small flexible machines

七种浪费
Seven Classes of Waste

过量生产 Waste of overproduction 库存 Waste of inventory 运输 Waste of transportation 等待 Waste of waiting 动作 Waste of motion 不必要的过程 Waste of overprocessing 次品 Waste of correction
Old Way of Thinking About Cell 一贯的老的方式

1. Machines/Equipment 2. Tooling yout/Flow
Our Old Way of Thinking About Creating a Production Line/Cell
4.动作的浪费 Waste of Motion
Definition 定义:
Any movement of people or machines which
does not contribute value to the product or
service.
任何对生产和服务没有带来价值的人员或机器的运动。
动作的浪费 Waste of Motion

7 Waste Training Material(7大浪费)

• Upsets Customers • Occupies more Resources • Chokes Flow
Motion
Over Processing Transportation
Waiting
Rework is the failure of “do it right the first time ” Scrap is the failure that beyond rework or repair
Rework/ Scrap Over Production Inventory
• Creates Delay • Increased Opportunity for More Defects • Occupies More Resources
Motion
Over Processing
Transportation
training
changeover
process imbalance process downtime machines planning issues capability incompetence quality
Materials holding up but do not add value
Rework/ Scrap Over Production Inventory Under utilizing people or materials while a process completes a manufacturing cycle
Motion
Over Processing
Transportation
Waiting
Processing beyond what is needed

上海市元培学校小学英语六年级上册期末试卷含答案

上海市元培学校小学英语六年级上册期末试卷含答案1．There is not much water. We should ______ water. ( )A．waste B．reuse C．make2．—Do you know the news? ( )—Yes, Mrs Brown ______ me ______ it yesterday.A．told; for B．says about C．told; about3．______ invented the compass. ( )A．The Chinese B．The British C．The Americans4．It was an _____ fashion show, we were all very _____. ( )A．excited; exciting B．exciting; exciting C．exciting; excited5．_____ the Earth, we should save water and energy. ( )A．To protect B．Protect C．protecting6．It ______ cloudy in the morning. But it ______ sunny now. ( )A．is; is B．was; is C．was; was7．The Easter holiday, _________ and the summer holiday are the main school holidays in the UK. ( )A．the Thanksgiving holiday B．the Christmas holiday C．the Halloween holiday 8．We usually _______ on Chinese New Year’s Eve. ( )A．buy a Christmas tree B．have a big dinnerC．eat rice dumplings9．The weather became _______, so we could fly kites. ( )A．windy B．cloud C．rainy10．Each student ______ an email ______ Miss Fox at Christmas. ( )A．wrote; for B．write; to C．writes; to11．一般情况下，下列哪个句子读降调？( )A．Would you like some juice? B．Did the show go well? C．What can we do to make Ganyu clean?12．Ten years ago, Mr Zhang ________ his friends. ( )A．writes letters for B．wrote letters to C．wrote letters for 13．Thanksgiving is a very important holiday in ______. ( )A．The PRC B．the UK C．the US14．There ______ any rubbish on the ground. ( )A．is B．aren’t C．isn’t15．It was ______ last Monday and it ______ all day. ( )A．raining; rainy B．rained; raining C．rainy; rained二、用单词适当形式填空16．Chinese National Day is on ______ (one) of October.17．I ______ (finish) primary school next year.18．Mike _____ (not like) fruit two years ago.19．The boy behind me is _____ (write) a letter.20．—Is it often __________ (rain) in summer there?—Yes, there's a lot of rain.21．What can we do ______ (keep) our classroom clean?22．The sign means “No ______ (smoke)”.23．I like ______ (live) in the city.24．People use water ________ (wash) hands.25．It's not a good idea to use too many ___________ (plastic) ___________ (box). 26．There were black _________ (cloudy) in the sky on Sunday afternoon.27．Plant ______ (many) trees, they help ______ (keep) the air clean.28．There’s a __________ (rain) season here. It often __________ (rain).29．__________ (they) bodies are too hard. Please don’t hit __________ (they).30．People __________ (use) telephones __________ (call) their friends many years ago.三、完成句子31．The king didn’t wear a ny clothes in the street. A little boy ________ at _______. (嘲笑他) 32．There are many m_______ in China. There are old things in them.33．Rubbish makes the streets ______________ (又脏又乱).34．In many places, there is not m_______ water. We shouldn’t waste wate r.35．Did the show ______ (进展顺利)?36．The weather b______ sunny just now. Let’s go climbing, Tom.37．Black _________ (烟雾) from some factories makes the air dirty.38．Let’s go to the c_________ shop and buy a new coat for Dad.39．They are the children of you r son or daughter. They’re your g_________.40．What are you going to do for the winter _____ (假期)?四、完形填空41．We have only __41___ Earth. We get land, air and water __42___ the Earth. We should take care of them. We __43___ keep them clean. Farmers grow food on land. Food from dirty land is__44___ for us. We should keep land __45___. We cannot build too __46___ houses. There is not much land on Earth for farming. We should save land. Water is useful. We drink it and use it__47___ many things. But there __48___ much water in many places. In some places, dirty water from factories __49___ the rivers dirty. People shouldn't __50___ water.41、A．a B．two C．one42、A．to B．from C．for43、A．should B．shouldn't C．cannot44、A．good B．healthy C．bad45、A．clean B．dirty C．messy46、A．much B．any C．many47、A．to do B．do C．doing48、A．is B．was C．isn't49、A．make B．makes C．making50、A．save B．waste C．wasting五、阅读判断42．A small boy and his father are having a walk in the country. Suddenly, it begins to rain very hard. They don’t have umbrellas with them and there is no place to hide from (躲避) the rain. Their clothes are all wet and the small boy is not feeling very happy.They are walking in the rain. The boy is thinking. “Why does it rain, Dad? It isn’t very nice, is it?” the boy ask s. “Grain (谷物), fruit and vegetables can’t grow without the sunshine. They can’t grow without the rain either,” his father answers.“Grain, fruit and vegetables are not on the road, are they? So why does it rain on the road?”41、The man and his son have umbrellas with them on a rainy day. ( )42、The small boy is very happy on the rainy day. ( )43、Grain, fruit and vegetables can’t grow without the rain. ( )44、Their clothes are not all wet. ( )45、The boy thinks it shouldn’t rain on the road. ( )六、阅读理解43．Hello, boys and girls. My name is Kangkang. I’m from Tianjin. I’m in No.1 Middle school.My mother works in No.1 Middle School. She teaches Chinese. My father is a doctor in hospital. They both work hard.On Sunday my mother and I often do some shopping. My mother says she will buy me a red coat. But I don’t like red. I want a yellow one. My mother agrees (同意) me. I am happy.My father doesn’t like shopping at all. He likes animals best. He often takes me to the zoo. My favorite animal is panda. I think pandas are very cute. This Sunday morning my father will go to the zoo with me.I love my parents very much. They love me too. I have a happy family.51、Kangkang’s mother is a _____. ( )A．doctor B．nurse C．teacher52、What colour does Kangkang like? ( )A．Red B．Yellow C．Black53、_____ likes animals best. ( )A．Kangkang’s mother B．Kangkang C．Kangkang’s father54、_____ is Kangkang’s favorite animal. ( )A．The monkey B．The panda C．The elephant55、There are (有) _____ people in Kang kang’s family. ( )A．two B．three C．four七、选择题44．Bill is seven years old. He is polite(有礼貌的). So his friend and his parents like him very much. It is Saturday today. Bill is at home. He is watching TV and his sister is doing her homework. At eleven, his father comes back with some oranges. Bill likes oranges very much and he wants to eat one. His mother asks,” Which orange do you want, Bill?”“The biggest (最大的) one, Mum.”“What?” says his mother. “You should be polite and want the smallest(最小的)one.”“Sh ould I tell a lie (说谎) just to be polite, Mum?”56、Is Bill polite? ( )A．Yes, he is. B．No, he isn’t.C．He is polite. D．Yes, he does.57、How many people are there in Bill’s family? ( )A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Many.58、What is Bill doing? ( )A．Watching TV. B．At home. C．Doing homework. D．Playing computer games.59、What time does his father come back? ( )A．At seven. B．At nine. C．At ten. D．At eleven.60、Which orange does Bill like? ( )A．The smallest one. B．The red one. C．The biggest one. D．The green one.八、选择题45．Hi! Dear friends! I’m Sam. Please come and meet my family! Look, this is a photo of my family. This is my father. He is tall and strong. He is a bus driver. But he usually goes to work by subway. This is my mother. She is a maths teacher. Her school is near, so she goes to work by bike. Look at the tall boy. He is my brother. He is a basketball player. The man and the woman are my uncle and aunt. My uncle is a doctor and my aunt is a nurse. They work in the same hospital. They go to work in their car. Oh, look! The girl in front of them is my cousin. We are in the same school. We go to school by school bus.61、Sam’s father is a ______. ( )A．worker B．driver C．farmer62、Sam’s mother goes to work ______. ( )A．by bike B．by subway C．by car63、______ work in the same hospital. ( )A．Sam’s parents B．Sam’s grandparents C．Sam’s uncle and aunt64、Sam’s cousin goes to school ______. ( )A．by bike B．by car C．by school bus65、There are ______ people in Sam’s family. ( )A．five B．six C．seven九、选择题46．The Grade 3 students at Sunshine Primary School collected a lot of empty(空的)bottles. In July, they are going to take the bottles to a recycling centre(回收中心). They are going to sell(卖) the bottles and buy some books for the school library.Kate made a bargraph(柱状图) to show the number of the bottles they collected. This is the bargraph.66、In November, the students collected _______ empty bottles. ()A．80 B．60 C．4067、The students collected _______ more bottles in December than in January. ()A．10 B．20 C．3068、From the bargraph, we know that the students picked up the same number of bottels in_______ and _______. ()A．October; February B．September; April C．January; March69、Why do the students collect empty bottles? ()A．Because they want to do something for their school.B．Because they like empty bottles very much.C．Because they want to use the bottles to make other things.70、What are the Grade 3 students going to do? ()A．They are going to buy a lot of empty bottles from the recycling centre.B．They are going to buy some books for the school library.C．They are going to sell the bottles in the market.47．“We’re going to move,” Jimmy said to Mr. James, her teacher, with tears(眼泪) in her eyes. “Dad lost his job and now we don’t have enough money to live in our house.” Pam was walking by and just heard Jimmy’s talk with Mr. James.In the lunchroom Pam met Carol and said, “I’ve got something to tell you about Jimmy.” As she started to tell Carol about Jimmy’s dad, several other classmates stopped to listen. Pam felt bad telling what she had heard but she went on anyway.After school, Pam saw some of her classmates are talking to Jimmy. “Where does your dad work?” one of the boys asked. Jimmy’s face turned red. She left without an swering. Pam felt terrible, because she didn’t mean to hurt Jimmy. And she hadn’t thought that some of the classmates would make jokes and laugh at Jimmy about her father’s losing the job. Pam didn’t know what she could do to help Jimmy.66、The story wants to tell us ________. ( )A．It’s difficult to move away B．girls don’t like to talk to boys C．student’s report to the teacher D．secrets are hard to keep67、Jimmys family had to move because ________. ( )A．her father lost his job B．they had a better place to live inC．her classmates were not kind enough D．her father changed his job68、Jimmy’s face turning red show that she didn’t ________. ( )A．feel well enough B．know the answerC．want to talk about her father D．want to leave others69、Pam felt very sorry ________. ( )A．and wanted to do something for Jimmy B．but went to laughing at JimmyC．so she stopped to listen to others D．and left without answering70、The whole story happened ________. ( )A．in class B．during and after schoolC．at Mr. James’s office D．in the lunchroom【参考答案】上海市元培学校小学英语六年级上册期末试卷含答案1．B解析：B【详解】句意：水不多，我们应该______使用水。

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Seven Wastes 12
两个一角硬币
搬运的浪费
定义：从一个地方到另一地产品的移动 (靠手拿、推车、输送带、卡车等) 影响：时间、成本、设备、劳力、潜在的品质问题原因：工厂布置、单元设计 ..? 范例 ………… …………..?
MOVE IT OVER THERE UNTIL WE NEED IT
Seven Wastes
3
你会这些付钱吗？
面饼？酱料？面馅？盒子？掉在地上的馅料？烤炉的电？一夜没关烤炉耗用的电？电话费？没事干的员工？
Seven Wastes
4
NOS Focuses on the Customer 关注客户
The Customer is the ONLY one who defines the VALUE of the product. 客户是唯一定义产品价值的人。 Anything not adding Value to the product is WASTE. 任何不增加价值的活动就是浪费
23
Waste of Inventory 库存的浪费
In process Inventory 在制品库存
是否可以减少在制品, 建立超市概念和运作 Component W/H 半成品库存
Seven Wastes 24
库存的海洋 - “海水与礁石"
库存的海洋
生产排程停机长距离搬运品质生产线不平衡厂商的交期问题换模时间长旷工沟通问题工作环境
Ask yourself: Would the Customer pay for this?
Seven Wastes
5
Waste
�浪费是
-任何花费时间、使用资源及占用空间却不给客户所需求的产品或服务增加价值的活动
Seven பைடு நூலகம்astes
6
三种活动的分类
• 增加价值 Value Added – 任何改变了材料的形状、形式或功能以达成客户需求的活动。
等待搬运多余制程
库存动作不良
Seven Wastes
11
How to Remember the 7 Wastes 记住七大浪费
Transportation Waiting Over-processing Defects Inventory Movement or Motion
Extra-production (or Overproduction)
必要
保持
减少
尚不存在
消除！
Seven Wastes
8
Why Remove Wastes?
• If you want to lose weight or train to run a marathon, would you eat the following foods?
•
Why is it essential that we focus on eliminating waste?
Seven Wastes
9
客户需要更短的交期
客户订单
浪费
时间
X
产品出货
X
客户订单
WASTE
产品出货
精益生产协助缩短从接单到产品出货的整个交期.
时间
Seven Wastes
10
七大浪费
过量生产提前生产或生产了多于客户需求的产品。通常这种浪费会产生其他形式的浪费，比如由于处理过多的库存而引起的冗员、存储空间、及搬运的成本。员工唯一能做的事情就是监视机器的运转，或者等待着去进行下一道工序，等待工具、零件、材料，等等。在一道工序内需要将在制品（WIP）搬运到另一个地点，或者需要把材料、部件或成品在仓库（及在工序间）搬进搬出。在加工部件的生产过程中需要采取不必要的工序。这些导致效率低下的工序是由于产品设计、有瑕疵的工具及流程设计而引起；同时还会造成不必要的动作浪费及不良品的浪费。多余的原材料、在制品或成品库存会引起较长的生产交期、仓储呆料、物料损坏、搬运以及增加仓储的成本和交货的延期。在工作过程中，除了对部件进行的增加价值的活动外，其他的非增加价值活动，如站起来拿物料、起身寻找材料、堆叠材料、工具，等等。生产不良品及对不良品进行修正的生产活动，如返修不良品、报废、修复不良品所进行的补足生产。
Seven Wastes 七大浪费
03F 7Waste.ppt.ppt
NOS House Foundations
消除浪费
5S/目视管理
TPM
平准化
Seven Wastes
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学习目标
Understand Waste Definition 理解浪费的定义 e 理解浪费的七 � Understand the Seven forms of Wast Waste 种形式 � Identify examples of each 识别每种浪费的例子 � Understand steps to eliminate waste 理解消除浪费的步骤
Bond Gap
Paint Touch-up
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库存的浪费
• 定义：耗用更多材料 (原物料、在线在制品、成品) • 影响：等待时间、资金紧张、劳力、搬运、 $$$ 、潜在的品质问题、掩盖住问题 • 原因：过量生产, 某些流程需要的时间比较少范例……………….?
Seven Wastes
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不可避免的不增加价值活动 Incidental 没有增加价值，但在当前的技术及生产条件下无法避免的生产活动。
•
浪费(不增加价值) Non Value Added – 没有增加价值（改变材料的形状、形式或功能），且可以立刻消除的活动。
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三种活动的分类
增加价值
不增加价值
不必要
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Example
搬运的浪费
物料储存区距离使用单位非常远
( 仓库到针车19线有 100 米的距离 )
仓库
结果: 我们必须通知搬运员去哪里取料我们需要额外的库存区我们需要额外的物料搬运员和设备
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等待的浪费
定义：人、机器或产品在 “睡觉” 影响：时间、空间、劳力、潜在的报废、 $$$ 原因：不清楚或没有标准，布置等 • 范例 …………..?
•
•
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现场练习
浪费的种类 1) 提前/过量生产 2) 等待现场实例影响？如何改善？改善前后的对比,附图片
3) 搬运
4) 多余制程
5) 库存
6) 动作
7) 不良
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Seven Wastes
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Waste of Waiting (People) 人的等待
In the above photo, why was this waste generated? 在这个例子中,为什么浪费会产生呢?
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Waste of waiting (machine) 机器的等待
Seven Wastes
成
品
原料材
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库存的海洋 -
“海水与礁石"
库存的海洋
生产排程停机长距离搬运品质生产线不平衡厂商的交期问题换模时间长旷工沟通问题
工作环境
减少库存，暴露库存所掩盖的问题。
Seven Wastes
成
品
原材料
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库存的海洋 -
“海水与礁石"
库存的海洋
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多余制程的浪费
裁斷
點料在裁斷檢驗包裝點料半成品倉庫點料在針車
針車
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丰田公司与“消除浪费”
•
Muda – 浪费 – 七大浪费，即本课程所讨论的内容。 Muri – 超负载 – 员工或机器的工作负荷或压力超出其正常负荷水平。 Mura – 不平衡 – 员工之间的工作负荷不平衡。
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Waste of Overproduction
过量生产的浪费
Why is it generated? 为什么会产生这样的浪费呢?
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过量生产的浪费
倉庫
更多库存 = 更多资金進 5500prs 出 1500prs
• 更多不良 • 額外處理 • 額外空間
结果
• 額外機器 • 額外文件作業 • 多人 • 額外費用
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不良的浪费
定义：制造必须补修、重工或报废的不良品影响：时间，劳力，$$$ 原因：不清楚或没有标准，不正确的机台设定 ..? 范例 ………… …………..?
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Defect Examples
生产排程停机长距离搬运品质生产线不平衡厂商的交期问题沟通问题旷工
换模时间长
工作环境
通过问题解决活动可以使生产航行顺利，同时减少库存。
Seven Wastes
成
品
原材料
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动作的浪费
定义：人或机器因素造成不符人因工程或额外的移动
影响：时间、人因问题、劳力、 $$$ 原因：作业流程, 布局、机台设定 ? 范例…………………… ……………………?
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Waste of Motion
动作的浪费
Pick up the below box to make FITwist and pick up parts from flo FO w rack 根据先进先出的原则, 需要拿起底下的箱子转动身体从物架取料