京剧

【京剧介绍】

中国京剧是中国的"t国粹"t，已有200年历史

Peking opera of China is a national treasure with a history of 200 years.

京剧用歌舞演绎故事，是包括文学、音乐、舞蹈、武术、美术、杂技等各艺术行类的综合体现。

Beijing Opera perform the story by singing and dancing,,which include literature, music, dance, martial arts, fine arts, acrobatics and so on various art class.

它具有综合性、虚拟性、程式性三大艺术特征。

artistic features: comprehensive, virtual, programming

京剧的行当有：“生、旦、净、丑”。

In Peking opera there are four main types of roles: sheng (male) dan (young female), jing( painted face,male), and chou (clown, male or female)

京剧的四功五法分别是：“唱、念、做、打”和“手、眼、身、法、步”。

Peking Opera got five methods are: "sing, read, do," and "hands, eyes, body, method, step".

京剧历史history

京剧之名始见于清光绪二年（1876）的《申报》，历史上曾有皮黄、二黄、黄腔、京调、京戏、平剧、国剧等称谓，清朝乾隆五十五年（1790年）四大徽班进京后与北京剧坛的昆曲、汉剧、弋阳、乱弹等剧种经过五、六十年的融汇，衍变成为京剧，是中国最大戏曲剧种。

In the 55th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty(1790) ,the four big Huiban opera Troupes entered the capital and combined with Kunqu opera, Yiyang opera, Hanju opera and Luantan in Beijing's thearetical circle of the time. Through a period of more than half a century of combination and integration of various kinds of opera there evolved the present Peking opera, the biggest kind of opera in China.

京剧形成以来，涌现出大量的优秀演员，他们对京剧的唱腔、表演，以及剧目和人物造型等方面的革新、发展做出了贡献，形成了许多影响很大的流派。

The types of facial make-up s in Peking opera are rich and various, depicting different characters and remarkable images, therefore they are highly appreciated. Moreover there are numerous fixed editions of facial make-up.

梅兰芳是京剧艺术最卓越的表演艺术家之一。

Mei lanfang is one of the most outstanding performing artists of Beijing Opera art.

Contribution:

Mei Lanfang visited Japan in 1919 so that Peking opera has become more and more popular with people all over the world, and it has made an excellent contribution to cultural exchange between China and the West, to friendly association and to improvement of solidarity.