化工专业英语单元操作
化学工程与工艺专业英语第16-21单元翻译
Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying第十六单元蒸发、结晶和干燥1.蒸发蒸发器是利用加热来浓缩溶液,或是利用热把溶解的固体从饱和溶液沉淀析出以对之回收。
蒸发器是有着特殊规定的再沸器,以用于分离气液两相,或当固体物质沉淀或结晶析出时,用于除去该固体物质。
在一些应用中,尤其当提供足够的干舷时,简单的釜式再沸器就足够了。
管式的蒸发器或是水平的或是垂直的,或长或短;液体可位于管内或管外,循环可以是自然循环或是以泵或推进器驱动的强制性循环。
自然循环型的蒸发器是最常见的。
强制循环型循环器非常适合于处理粘性或腐蚀性的物料,但是购置和维修的费用高。
在长管式垂直设计中,由于蒸发,液体处于在环流或膜流中,相应地,该蒸发器称之为升膜式蒸发器。
在降膜式蒸发器,液体分布于蒸发器的顶部,然后以流体的形式向下流。
静压头可忽略,压降只不过是汽流的摩擦力,传热效果较好。
由于接触时间短以及两相分离完全,降膜式蒸发适合于热敏性物料。
长管式蒸发器(或是自然循环或是强制循环)用得最广泛。
管的直径范围从19~63 mm,长度12~30 ft。
排管式蒸发器管长3~5 ft,它的中央降压管的面积与该管的横截面积相等。
有时,排管式蒸发器中的循环以推进器来驱动。
在某些类型的蒸发器中,固体直到它们达到所需的尺度时才开始循环。
在蒸发器的设计和操作时,热经济是一个主要考虑因素。
因为离开的蒸汽的潜热没有被利用而是丢弃,所以单效蒸发器浪费能量。
然而,利用多效蒸发器可以回收和再次利用大部分潜热。
已经开发了各种各式的蒸发器以用于特殊工业中的特殊应用。
蒸发器的设计可分成如下基本类型:直接加热蒸发器该类型的蒸发器包括盐池和浸泡燃烧装置。
浸泡燃烧蒸发器可应用于那些由燃烧产物引起的溶液污染可接受的场所。
长管蒸发器在该类型蒸发器中,液体以薄膜的形式在长的垂直的热的蒸发管中流动,既可用降膜式蒸发器又可用升膜式蒸发器,处理能力大,适合于低粘度的溶液。
环境工程专业英语词汇
环境工程专业英语词汇Aabacterial 无菌的abatement 减少,减小,取消,消除abnormal blooming of plankton 浮游生物异常繁殖absolute alcohol 无水酒精absolute temperature 绝对温度absorb 吸收absorbent 吸收剂;吸收性的absorption 吸收abundant precipitation 过量降水abysmal deposit 深海沉积物accelerator 加速澄清池,机械澄清池,加速器access 接近,(出)入口,使用或接近的方法、机会或门路,捷径accessory 附件,附属品accidental error 偶然误差acclimate 服水土,适应环境,适应气候acclimatization 驯化,(对环境条件的)适应accommodate 使适应,调节,接纳,容纳,供应,提供acetic acid 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acid fog 酸雾acidify 酸化(作用)acidity 酸度,酸性acid-proof material 耐酸材料acoustic construction 隔声构造acoustic fatigue 声致疲劳acquisition 获得,取得,采集acrid 辛辣的,腐蚀性的act 法规,法案,条例,行为,动作activated biofilter 活性生物滤池activated carbon 活性碳activated silica 活性硅土activated sludge 活性污泥activation 活化,激活active chlorine 活性氯activity 活性,活度,放射性,功率adaptable species 适应性强的物种adaptation 适应,匹配,采用,改编(本),修改,适应性,适应力additive 附加物,添加剂;加成的adherence 粘附adhesion 粘附力adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adjustment 调节,调准,控制,安装admixture 掺合物,杂质adsorbate 被吸附物,吸附质adsorbent 吸附剂;吸附的adsorber 吸附器,吸附剂adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线advanced treatment 高级处理,深度处理aerated contact bed (submerged contact aerator) 曝气接触床(淹没式接触曝气池)aerated lagoon 曝气氧化渠aerated spiral-flow grit channel 曝气螺旋流沉砂槽aeration 曝气aeration blower 曝气鼓风机aerobic 好氧的,好气的,需氧的,有氧的aerobic biological treatment process 好氧生物处理法,需氧生物处理法aerobic decomposition 好氧分解,需氧分解aerosol 气溶胶aesthetically 从审美角度看affinity 亲和力,亲和势affluent 支流afforestation 造林(计划),绿化after burner 火舌燃烧炉,后燃烧装置,补燃器agar 琼脂agglomerate 使聚集,使成团aggressive pathogen 侵袭性病原体air compressor 空压机,压气机air conditioner 空调器air gauge 气压计air hammer 气压锤air header 空气干管air inflow 进气量air intake 进气孔air mass 气团air polluntant emission inventory 空气污染物排放清单air pollution surveillance 空气污染监视air release valve 放气阀,释压阀air relief installation 排气设备air sparger 曝气器air stripping 气提airborne 空气中的,空降的,空运的airborne pathongenic organism 空气致病生物体air-lift pump 空气升水泵,气提泵airview 鸟瞰,鸟瞰图alcohol 乙醇,酒精aldehyde 醛algae 藻类algal bloom 水藻繁盛alignment 成直线,调准,准线,直线性,结盟,联合alkali consumption 碱消耗(量) alkali earth 碱土alkaline 碱性的alkalinity 碱度alkalization 碱化alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) 烷基苯磺酸盐alluvial deposit 冲积物,冲积层alum 矾,明矾aluminate 铝酸盐aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝ambient air quality standard 环境空气质量标准ambient noise 环境噪声amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonia nitrogen 氨氮ammonia stripping 氨的气提,气提法除氨ammonification 氨化作用,加氨ammonium 铵amphoteric ion exchange resin 两性离子交换树脂anabolism 合成代谢,组成代谢anaerobic 厌氧的,厌气的,无溶解氧的anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process 厌氧-缺氧-好氧法analysis of variance 方差分析analytical balance 分析天平anemometer 风力计,风速计anemoscope 风向仪anhydrous 无水的animal community 动物群落anion 阴离子,负离子anionic surface active agent 阴离子表面活性剂annual depreciation 年折旧annual precipitation 年降水量anode 阳极,正极anodize 阳极氧化,阳极处理anoxic 缺氧的antagonism 对抗(作用),拮抗(作用)antibiotics 抗菌素,抗生素antifreezing agent 防冻剂aperture 孔径,隙缝,小孔apparatus 仪器,装置apparent activation energy 表观活化能appreciable 明显的,相当可观的appurtenance (常用pl. ) 附属物,设备,配件,附属建筑,附属装置aquatic 水的,水生的,水上的aquatic habitat 水生环境aquatic community 水生群落aquatic life 水生生物aqueduct 水道,渠,导水管aqueous 水的aqueous ammonia 氨水aqueous solution 水溶液aquifer 蓄水层,(地下)含水层,含水地层arbitrary 独裁的,专制的,专横的,任意的,随机的,独立的aromatic 芳香的,芳烃的;芳香剂arsenic 砷artery 动脉,运输线artifical wetland (constructed wetland )人工湿地(系统)artificial fibres 人造纤维asbestos 石棉ascendingvelocity 上升速度ash content 灰分ash conveyer 灰渣输送带ash handling equipment 除尘设备asphyxiate 使(人)窒息、闷死aspiration 吸气,吸入,吸出,愿望,渴望,志向aspiration ventilation 排气通风(法)assay 分析,化验assembly 装配,组合;机组assimilate 同化,吸收assimilative respiration 同化呼吸associated mineral 伴生矿物atmospheric dispersion 大气弥散,大气分散atmospheric emission 大气排放物atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收分光光度测定法atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry 原子荧光光谱atomization 喷雾,喷雾法,雾化attenuation 衰减,减弱,减轻,减少,减小attraction 引力,吸引attrition 磨损,损耗autoclave 高压锅,高压釜automatic flushback 自动反冲洗automatic valveless gravity filter 自动无阀重力流滤池,无阀滤池automobile exhaust 汽车尾气,汽车废气autotroph(e) 自养生物,自营性生物autotrophic 自养的,自我营养的,无机营养的available chlorine 有效氯available head 可用水头average yearly loading capacity 年平均负荷容量axial flow 轴流azo dye 偶氮染料azotification 固氮(作用)Bbackfill 回填backflow 回流background noise 背景噪声,本底噪声background survey 本底调查back-pressure valve (check valve) 单向阀backwash cycle 反冲周期bacteria coli 大肠杆菌bacterial colony 细菌菌落bacterial population 细菌种群bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriological examination 细菌检验bacteriologically 按细菌学的观点baffle 挡板baffle board 挡板,隔音板baffled reaction chamber 隔板式反应室bag filter 袋滤器,袋式过滤器baghouse 布袋,滤袋室,滤袋装置baghouse precipitator 布袋除尘器ball mill 球磨机band dryer (污泥)带式干化机band screen (belt screen) 带式格网,带条滤网bar screen 格栅barometer 气压计barrel 桶,桶状物basicity 碱度,盐基度batch 分批的,间歇(式)的batch centrifuge 间歇式离心机batch distillation 分批蒸馏batchwise operation 分批式操作be laden with 充满,携带,含有beaker 烧杯bearing capacity 承重能力belt filter press (污泥)带式脱水机bench 工作台,实验桌,板凳bench-scale 小型的,实验室(规模)的bench scale test 小型试验,实验室试验,模型试验beneficiation 废物回收加工benzene 苯bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐,重碳酸盐bind 粘合,束缚,堵塞bioassay 生物鉴定,活体鉴定biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量biocoenosis 生物群落biodegradable 可生物降解的biodegradation 生物降解(作用)bio-disc 生物转盘biofilter 生物滤池biogeophysical 生物地球物理的biological filter loading 生物滤池负荷(率)biological phosphate removal 生物除磷酸盐biology 生物学biolysis 生物分解(作用)biomass 生物体群,生物量bioremediation 生物修复bioscrubber 生物洗涤器,生物涤气器biosorption 生物吸附,生物吸收biosphere 生物圈biota 生物群biotic community 生物群集,生物群落biotope 群落生境,环境条件均匀的地方black liquor 黑液(一般指纸浆厂废液)blank assay 空白试验,空白检定blast 鼓风bleaching liquid 漂白液blind ditch 暗沟block diagram 方块图bloom 大量增殖,旺发boiling point depression 沸点降低bomb calorimeter (炸)弹式量热器booster pump 增压泵botanic 植物的boundary layer 边界层branch 支线,支管,分支管brand 标记,牌子breakthrough 穿透,贯穿,泄漏brewery 啤酒厂brine 海水,盐水broth culture 肉汤培养,肉汤培养物bubble aeration 气泡曝气bubbling tower 起泡塔Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗bucker excavator 斗式挖掘机bucket dredger 斗式挖泥船buffer 缓冲液,缓冲剂buffer capacity 缓冲能力,缓冲容量building drain 建筑物内污水总管,建筑排水管building sewer (house sewer) 建筑物外污水总管bulking of activated sludge 活性污泥的膨胀buoyancy force 浮力burette 滴定管bypass 旁通管,超越管,旁路Ccabinet 箱,柜,橱cage rotor 笼式转子cake conveyer 滤饼输送带cake of filter-press 滤块,污泥压滤饼calcination 煅烧,焙烧calcium lime (calcium oxide, CaO) 石灰,生石灰calcium sulphate 石膏,硫酸钙calibration 校准,标定,定标calorie 卡(路里)calorific value 热值capillarity 毛细管作用,毛细现象capillary 毛细管;毛细的,毛细管的capillary suction time 毛细空吸时间(测定污泥过滤性)capital cost 基本(建设)投资,投资费,资本值capital repair 大修(理)carbonaceous compound 含碳化合物carburetor 汽化器carcinogen 致癌物,致癌因素cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病carrier 带菌者,载体cascade级联catabolism 分解代谢catalysis 催化(作用)catalyst 催化剂cataphoresis 电泳catchment 集水区域cathode protection 阴极保护cation 阳离子,正离子cation-exchange softener 阳离子交换软水器cationic surface active agent (cationic surfactant) 阳离子表面活性剂caustic (quick) lime 生石灰,石灰caustic 腐蚀性的,苛性的;苛性药,氢氧化物caveat (防止误解的)说明cavitation 空蚀作用,气蚀作用,空穴作用cavity 空腔cell 小室,细胞,电池,盒cell mass 细胞块cellular protoplasm 细胞原生质cellular 细胞的,多孔的,蜂窝状的cementation 胶结(作用)centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计centrifugal 离心的cesspool 污水池channel improvement 河道整治characteristic curve of pump 泵的特性曲线characterization 表征,性能描写charcoal 木炭charge 电荷;充(水、气、电等)chart 图表check 核对,阻止,制动装置,支票,联单checklist (核对用的)清单chelating reagent 螯合剂,chemical 化学的;化学品,化学制品chemical engineering unit operation 化工单元操作chemical nomenclature 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical resistance 耐化学性,化学抗性chemical stoichiometry 化学计量学chloride 氯化物chloride ion 氯根离子chlorinate (使)氯化,用氯消毒,用氯处理chlorinated lime 漂白粉chlorine feed unit 投氯设备,加氯单元chloroform 氯仿chlorophyll 叶绿素cholera 霍乱chromatography 色层(分离)法chronic pollution 慢性污染,长期污染chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验cinder 煤渣,焦渣circulator clarifier 水力(循环)澄清池cistern 蓄水池,贮水器cite 引用,引证clamp 夹子clarificant 澄清剂clarification 澄清,净化classifier (结合沉砂池的)洗砂机,分级机clay 粘土cleaner production 清洁生产climate modification 人工影响气候climatic anomaly 气候异常clinker (煤燃烧后留下的)渣滓,熔渣,熔块closet 盥洗室cloudiness 混浊性,浊度coagulant 混凝剂,凝聚剂coagulant aids 助凝剂coagulation 混凝,凝聚coalesce 凝结,凝聚,合并cocurrent extraction 并流萃取code of practice 工作规程,业务法规cold wave 寒潮coli test 大肠菌试验coliform 大肠的,大肠菌的coliform bacteria 大肠菌,大肠杆菌collecting trough 集水槽collection of classificated refuse 垃圾分类收集collection works 取水构筑物collector 集尘器,浮选促集剂,集电器,集水槽colloid 胶体colloidal 胶态的colony 菌落,群体color cast 色调color index 色度color-developing agent 显色剂colorimeter 比色计colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法colour (color) 色,色度column plate 塔板combined available residual chlorine 化合性有效剩余氯combined sewage 合流污水,混合污水combined sewage system 合流下水道系统combustion 燃烧commercial formulation 生产配方commercial scale 工业规模commercial waste 商业废物,商业废水commercial 商业的,工业(用)的,大批生产的commercially 大批地commingle 混合,搀和comminute 使细碎,粉碎comminutor 磨碎机,粉碎机common grate 普通格栅communicable disease 传染病community 团体,界,全体居民,地区,社区,居民区,城镇,共同性,共有性,生物种群,群落community pollution 居民区污染,城市污染compaction 压实,压缩,致密化compactor truck 垃圾打包卡车compartment 间,室compensation 补偿,抵消,赔偿,平衡,调整completely miscible 完全混溶的complex 络合物complex ion 络离子component 组分,成分,分力,部件composite sample 混合样品,复合样品composite wastewater sample 混合废水样品composition 组成,成分,结构compost 把……做成堆肥,施堆肥于;堆肥compound fertilizer 复合肥料comprehensive utilization 综合利用compressed air 压缩空气concentrator 浓缩器concerted reaction 协同反应concrete 混凝土condensation 冷凝,凝结,缩合(作用),缩聚(作用)condensation polymerization 缩聚condensation reaction 缩合反应conditioning 调理(使污泥便于脱水)conductivity 传导性,传导率confined water 禁闭水confluence 汇流处,合流congeal 冻结,凝固conical type clarifier 圆锥形澄清池conjunction 联结,结合,连结connate water 原生水conservation 保护,守恒,保持conservation of energy 能量守恒consistence 稠性,相容性,一致性console 控制台consolidation tank (污泥)浓缩池constant rate pump 计量泵constant-head tank 恒水头水池constant-rate period 恒速阶段contact biological filter 接触生物滤池contact oxidation method 接触氧化法container 集装箱continental climate 大陆性气候continental drift 大陆漂移continuum 连续区,连续体contour line 等高线,等值线contour of water table 等水位线contracted weir 收缩堰contraction 收缩,收缩率convalescent 恢复期的convection 对流converging-diverging duct section 收缩-扩大管截面conveyer (conveyor) 传送机conveyor-type scraper 环链板刮泥器coordinate 坐标(系);坐标的coordination 配位correction 校正,改正,纠正correlation 相关(性)corridor 走廊,流槽corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂cost 费用,成本cost benefit evaluation 费用-收益评价,成本-效益评价counter current (counterflow)逆流counter force 反作用力counterweight 平衡重,对重covalent bond 共价键covered sludge drying bed 有盖的污泥干化床crack 裂缝cracker 破碎机cradle 支架,机架criterion (criteria) 准则,标准critical 临界的,极限的critical compressive force 临界压力critical point 临界点cross conveyor 横向传送刮板cross current 错流,正交流cross cut test 正交试验cross section 断面,剖面,截面crucible 坩锅crush 破碎crusher 破碎机,砸碎机crystallization 结晶culprit 罪魁祸首, 肇事原因culture 培养基,培养微生物的成长culture medium 培养基,培养物curing 固化,硫化,熟化,处理current repair 小修(理)curve 曲线cycle 循环,周期cyclone 旋流,旋风,气旋器,旋风分离器,旋风除尘器cyclone dust collector 旋风集尘器cyclone scrubber 旋风涤气器cyclone separator 旋风分离器cylinder 钢瓶,(氧)气瓶,圆筒体cytoplasm 细胞质Ddaily flow 日流量,逐日流量dairy waste 牛奶场废水[废物] damped balance 阻尼天平deactivation 钝化作用deaeration unit 脱气装置deafening effect 隔声效果debris 有机残渣,腐质,残骸decantation 倾析,倾泻上层液decay 腐烂,衰变dechlorination 脱氯decibel 分贝decking 盖板,铺面,支撑板declining growth phase 生长衰落期decolorize 漂白de-emulsification 解乳化,破乳化defacing 磨损,损伤外观defecation 澄清deficiency 缺乏deficit 亏空,赤字defoam 去沫,去泡沫defoaming agent 消泡剂,去泡剂deforestation 滥伐,砍伐森林degasification 脱气作用deglaciation 冰消(作用)degradation 降解(作用)dehydration 脱水(作用),去水deionized water 去离子水,无离子水deliquescence 潮解demister 除雾器denitrification 反硝化,脱氮,脱硝(作用)denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densely inhabited district 人口密集区deodorization 除臭作用deoxygenation 脱氧,脱除溶解氧,消氧dephenolizing 除酚,脱酚deposit 沉淀物,沉积物deposition 沉积(作用),沉积物depreciation 折旧depressant 抑制剂depression 减压,降低,抑制,洼地desalination 海水淡化,脱盐(作用)desiccant 干燥剂desiccating agent 干燥剂desulfurization from exhaust 从尾气脱硫detection limit 检出极限detention time 停留时间,逗留时间,滞留时间detergent 洗涤剂,去垢剂detritus 杂粒dialysis 渗析,膜析(渗透离析法)diaphragm 膜片,隔膜differential gauge 压差计diffused aeration 扩散式曝气(法)digester 消化池,煮解器digestion 消化dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 冲淡,稀释dimensionless 无因次的,无量纲的dioxin 二恶英direct-flow demineralization 自流式脱矿质discharge 流出,排出量,排放,放电discharge area 过水面积discharge capacity 流量,排水量,排放量discharge permit 排污许可(证)discharge rate 流量率,排水率,排放率,排放速率discipline 学科,科目discrete settling 离散沉降,单粒沉降dish aerator 浅盘式曝气器disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒(作用),灭菌(作用)disintegrator 破碎机,碎裂机dismantle 拆开,拆散dismutation 歧化(作用)dispersate 分散质dispersed-air flotation 弥散空气浮选dispersion 分散(作用),弥散(作用)displacement 置换,位移disposal (废弃物)处理,处置disposal of refuse in land fills 垃圾填埋处置dissociation 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 溶解dissolved oxygen sag curve 溶解氧下垂曲线,氧垂曲线distillation 蒸馏(作用)distributing trough 配水槽,布水槽diurnal variation 昼夜变化,(周)日变DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧dome aerator 圆罩式曝气器domestic demand 生活用水量,居民用水量domestic fecal sewage (家庭)粪便污水domestic refuse 家庭垃圾domestic sewage 生活污水domestic waste 家庭废水,生活废水,家庭垃圾downcomer 下水管,落水管downstream 顺流的,在下游的;顺流地,在下游地draft 草图,通风,汲出,汲水,引通draft fan 引风机draft tube 引通管,引水管drag (流体对悬浮颗粒的)摩阻,曳力drain pit (drain sump) 排水坑drain tile 瓦管drainage 排水,排水设备,排出的水draw 汲,吸,拉,拖dredge 挖掘,清淤dress water 选矿水drought 干旱,旱灾dry weather flow (合流沟管)晴天流量,干季(七天以上无雨)流量dryer 干燥器drying oven 烘箱dual water supply 分质供水durability 耐久性duration 期间,历时durationday 日照长度dust 尘dust cloud 尘云dust fog 尘雾dwelling 住宅,住所dye 染料dyestuff 染料Eeasement 附属建筑物ecological perspective 生态学观点ecological crisis 生态危机ecology 生态学effervescence 起泡,液沸(现象)effervescing 泡腾,起泡,鼓泡(作用)efficient rotation (农作物)有效轮作effluent 出水,出流,排出物ejection 喷射ejector 喷射器,射流器,喷射泵electric precipitation 电除尘electrode potential 电极电位electrodialysis 电渗析electrogalvanizing 电镀锌electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质,电解液electrolytic dissociation (ionization) 电离electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁流量计electromotive forces 电动势electrophoresis 电泳electroplating 电镀electrostatic precipitator 静电除尘器element 要素,元素,单元,单体,元件,部件,组成部分,(pl.)(基本)原理,基础elevated 高架的elevated reservoir 高地水库elevated tank 高位水箱elevation 高度,高程,海拔elevator 提升器,升降机elimination 去除,消除,消去elutriation 淘洗embrittlement 脆化emergency basin 备用池emergency bypass 事故旁路emergency outlet 事故出水口emergency water supply 应急给水,事故给水emission 散发,排放,排放物emission standard 排放标准empirical equation 经验方程emulsification 乳化emulsify 乳化emulsion 乳浊液enclosure 围档物,围墙endogenous phase 内生相(发生于体内的)endogenous respiration (细胞新陈代谢的)内源呼吸endothermic 吸热的engender 产生,造成,引起enmeshment 网捕,使陷入网中enrichment 富集entrap 收集,捕集,诱捕,截留entropy 熵environmental disruption 环境破坏environmental disturbance 环境破坏environmental impact 环境影响environmental monitoring 环境监测enzyme 酶equalization 均衡equipment availability 设备完好率erecting diagram 安装图erosion 侵蚀,冲刷,冲蚀eruption 喷发ester 酯estuary (沿海的)河口etch 蚀刻,侵蚀,蚀刻剂ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇,酒精etherification 醚化(作用)ethylene 乙烯eutrophication 富营养化evacuate 抽真空,抽出,排出(气)evaluation 评价evaporation 蒸发evergreen shrub 常绿灌木evolution 进化,演化,发育enclosure 围挡物exclude 排除excrement 排泄物,粪便exhaust 抽空,排尽,废气,排出的气;排出的,废的exhaust duct 排气导管exhaust fan 排风扇exhaust gas 尾气,废气,排气exhausted liquid 废液exogenous 外生的(有机体外的),外源性的exothermic 放热的expenditure of energy 能量消耗exploitation 开发,开采,利用,运行,操作,剥削exposure 暴露,曝露,接触,照射exposure dose 接触剂量exposure to pollutant 曝露于污染物中,接触污染物extended aeration 延时曝气(法)extraction 萃取,提取Ffabric filter 布袋过滤器facility 设施facultative 兼性的facultative aerobe 兼性好氧菌,兼性需氧菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌气菌,兼性厌氧菌fallout measurement 散落物测定fall overturn 秋季翻转fat and oil 脂和油(油脂)fat trap 聚油脂阱fault 故障fauna 动物群feed 进料feeding installation 供水装置,投加装置fell trees 砍树,伐木felling operation 伐木工作fen 沼泽fermentation 发酵fertilizing value of sludge 污泥的肥料价值field 田地,现场,……场field observation 野外观察field survey 现场调查filament 纤丝,丝状体filamentous organisms 含丝状体的生物体fill 填满,填筑fill and draw 间歇式,注排法filler 填料filter 滤池,过滤filter aid 助滤剂filter medium 滤料,过滤介质filter paper 滤纸filter press 压滤机filter run 过滤周期,滤池运行周期filter screen 滤网filtrate 滤液(从污泥脱水滤出的)filtration 过滤final clarifier 最后澄清池,终沉池fine gravel 细卵石fine screen 细筛finish 光洁度,涂层,面层finished product 成品finishing 精修,精制,精加工,最终加工fire hydrant 消火栓first approximation 一级近似first order reaction 一级反应fish culture in stream 河道养鱼fishery 渔业,水产业,渔场fittings 配件,零件fixation of nitrogen 氮固定,固氮fixed matter 固定物质,不挥发物质fixed-bridge scraper 固定桥下刮泥器(用于辐射沉淀池)fixture 装置,工件夹具flammability 可燃性,易燃性flange 法兰,凸缘,突缘flash mixer 快速混合器,闪急混合器flask 烧瓶flat bottom 平底flat floor 平底flexible tube 软管floatation 漂浮,浮选floating scum 浮渣floating-cover digester 浮盖式消化池floc 絮凝物,絮粒,絮体,绒粒(俗称矾花)flocculant 絮凝剂flocculation 絮凝(作用)flooded area洪泛区,淹没地面flora 植物群flotation 浮选,气浮flow diagram 流程图flow meter 流量计flow pattern 流型flow rate 流量,流速flow sheet 流程图flue gas 烟道气,烟气flue gas desulfurization system 烟气脱硫系统fluidized bed 流化床flume 水槽,斜槽flush (强液体流)冲洗,清洗,冲水flushback 反冲洗fly ash 燃烧的烟尘,飞灰foam 泡沫;起泡沫,发泡沫foam recycle 泡沫(再)循环,泡沫回流food-borne illness 由食物传染疾病forced draft (draught) cooling tower 强制通风冷却塔forced ventilation 强制通风,机械通风foreign gas 杂质气体forest conservancy 森林保护forest deterioration 森林破坏formaldehyde 甲醛formation 地(岩)层fossil fuel 矿物燃料,化石燃料fractional distillation 分馏fractionation 分馏,分级,分数化free (available) chlorine 游离(有效)氯free labor 无偿劳动free radical 游离基,自由基fresh water 淡水fresh water aquiculture 淡水养殖friability 易碎性,脆性friction 摩擦full scale 实物尺寸的,大规模的,工业规模的,全刻度的fume 烟,烟气fuming nitric acid 发烟硝酸fungal component 共生菌fungi(pl.)菌类fungus (单数)菌,真菌furrow 沟槽Ggadget 小装置gage (gauge) 表,计,规尺galvanic cell 原电池galvanization 镀锌gamma ray detector γ 射线探测器garbage 垃圾,废料,污物,厨余,食品加工废物gas collector 集气罩,气体收集器gaseous waste 废气gasification 气化gel 凝胶,冻胶gene 基因gene conversion 基因转换gene duplication 基因复制genesis 成因,起源genus 类,种类geologic survey 地质调查geological examination 地质调查,地质勘测geosphere 陆界,陆圈,岩石圈germ 细菌,病菌germicidal 杀菌的germicide 杀菌剂germination 发芽,生长,产生,晶核化,长晶核gland 压盖(俗称“格兰”),密封装置glucose 葡萄糖grab sample 临时样品,单一样品grade of grain 颗粒级配grade of slope 坡度gradient 坡度,梯度grain size 颗粒大小,粒度grain size grading 粒径分级gram-equivalent weight 克当量Gram-positive 格兰阳性,革兰氏阳性grand canyon 大峡谷granular 粒状的,颗粒的graph 标绘图,线图graphical symbol 图例,图解符号graphite 石墨grate 格栅gravel 卵石,砾石gravimetric analysis 重量分析gravimetry 重量分析法gravity filtration 重力过滤gravity flow 自流,重力流gravity separator 重力沉降分离器gravity thickening 重力增稠grease content 油脂含量grease trap 油分离阱,油脂捕集器green belt 绿化地带green-house effect 温室效应grinder 磨碎机grinding 磨碎grit (污水中的)粗砂,杂粒,硬渣grit chamber 沉砂池,杂粒池gross 总的,粗的ground vegetation 地面植被gypsum 石膏Hhabitat (动植物)生活境地,栖息地handling 处理,输送,装卸handling operation 装卸操作[作业] handling characteristic 处理特性harvest 收成,产量,收获(物,量);收获,收割haul 搬运,运程,运输量;用力拖(或拉),搬运,运输hauling charges 运费hauling equipment 运输设备hazardous 有害的,危险的hazardous waste 危险废物heat insulation 隔热heat release 放热heavily polluted 严重污染的herbicide 除草剂hereditary variation 遗传变异heterogeneous 非均匀的,多相的heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌high (low) flush tank 高(低)冲洗水箱high lift pump 高压泵high-rate 高负荷(率)的,高速的high-rate composting 高速[高效]堆肥high-rate digestion 高速[高效]消化hi-volume sampler 大体积取样器holder 储罐,夹具,架座holding tank 储料罐,收集槽homeostasis 生物体中的平衡homogeneous 均相的,均匀的,单一的hood 通风橱horizontal flow 平流hose 软管,水龙带household refuse 家庭垃圾humic acid 腐殖酸humidification 增湿(作用)humidity 湿度hybrid reaction 混合反应hybrid 杂化的,混合的,桥接的hydrant 消防龙头,消火栓hydrate 水合物hydration 水合(作用)hydraulic circular clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic element 水力要素hydraulic sloughing 水力脱膜hydraulic stirring device 水力搅拌设备hydraulic subsiding value 水力沉降值hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrology 水文学hydrophilic 亲水的,吸水的hydrophobic 恐水的,疏水的hydrostatical pressure 静水压力,流体静压力hydroxide 氢氧化物hydroxide ion 氢氧离子,羟离子hydroxyl ion 氢氧根离子,羟基离子hygienic 卫生的,卫生学的hyperfiltrate 超滤hypochlorite 次氯酸盐hypochlorite of lime 次氯酸钙,漂白粉Iimmersion 浸没,浸水immiscibility 不混溶性immobilized enzyme 固相酶,固定化酶impact allowance 冲击容许量impeller 叶轮impervious strata 不透水层impingement 碰撞,冲击,打击impingement plate tower 冲击式板式塔impinger 碰撞取样器,空气采集器impoundage 集水区impounding reservoir 蓄水池impulse 冲击,冲动,冲量,脉冲in block form 巨块状,成大块in bulk 散装,桶装in lumps 块团状incineration 焚化incinerator 焚化炉inclined tube settler 斜管沉淀器incremental loading (stepped feeding) 分段投加污水incrustation 结壳,外壳,表面装饰incubate (细菌)培养incubator 恒温箱,培养箱index 指数,索引,指标indicator organisms 指示性生物体,指示生物induced draft mechanical cooling tower 抽风式机械通风冷却塔industrial nuisance 工业公害inert filler 惰性填料inertia 惯性,惯量infection 传染infest 侵扰infiltration 渗透,渗入inflammability 可燃性,易燃性inflammable 可燃的,易燃的inflow 入流,流入物,流入(量),进水,进气influent 进水,入流infrared absorption spectrum 红外吸收光谱infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析仪ingest 摄入,摄取ingredient 成分,组成部分,配料,要素ingress 进口,进入ingress of groundwater 地下水侵入inherent moisture 固有水分inheritance 遗传inhibitor 抑制剂initial concentration 起始浓度initial interface velocity (rate of hindered settling) 悬浮物初始沉降速度initiation 引发,启动,开始injection 注射,喷射injector 注射器,喷射器inland water 内陆水体inlet 进水口,进口,雨水口inlet chamber 进口室,入流井inoculant 变质剂,孕育剂inoculate 给……接种,移植,嫁接inodourous 无臭气的,无气味的insecticide 杀虫剂installation 装置,设备instantaneous flow rate 瞬时流量instruction manual 使用手册instrument 仪器intact 完整的intake 取水口intake of water works 水厂取水口integrated control 综合防治integrated oxidation ditch 一体化氧化沟integrated plant protection 综合植物保护intercepting chamber 截流井interception 截流interceptor 截流管,截水沟interdisciplinary 各学科之间的,跨学科的interfacial active agent 界面活性剂interfacial tension 界面张力intermediate water supply 中水道interpolation 内插法interstice 空隙,孔interstitial 间隙的,空隙的,隙间的intestine 内部的,国内的;(pl.)肠intraparticle 粒子内的intrinsic energy 内能,本征能inundation 淹没,泛滥,水灾,洪水inventory 清单,目录,报表inversion layer 逆温层invert 管内底inverted-siphon 倒虹管iodide 碘化物iodine 碘iodometric titration method 碘量滴定法ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion migration 离子迁移,离子移动ion product 离子积ion-exchange membrane 离子交换膜ionization 电离(作用),离子化(作用)irrigation farming 灌溉农业isoelectric point 等电点isomer (同分)异构体isomerism 同分异构现象isotherm 等温线isotope 同位素Jjar 罐,瓶,(刺耳的)噪声jar test 搅拌试验,混凝试验,瓶式检验jelly 胶冻jet 喷射,射流jet aeration 射流曝气jet ejector 射流泵jetting machine 高压水清洗机junk 废料,废物;丢弃,丢掉jury pump 备用泵juxtaposition 并列,并置Kkeep clear of 避开,不接触Kjeldahl nitrogen 总有机氮kraft mill wastewater 制浆废水Llabeled compound 标记化合物lag growth 滞后生长lagoon 氧化塘,污水塘laminar flow 层流land disposal 地面排放,地面处置land irrigation (污水)地面灌溉land subsidence 地面沉降land treatment 地面(灌溉)处理landfill 土地掩埋,填埋landscape and recreation waterbody 景观和娱乐水体LAS 线性烷基苯磺酸盐(软性洗涤剂)latent heat 潜热lateral sewer 旁支沟管laundry waste 洗衣房废水lavatory 盥洗室lawsuit 诉讼leach 浸出,浸析;滤灰槽,沥滤器leachate (垃圾堆)渗滤液,沥滤液,浸出液leaching 浸取,浸提,渗洗leaching cesspool 渗污井,污水坑leather waste 皮革废水lethal dose 致死剂量level-sensing device 水位显示装置life 寿命,生命,生活life expectancy 预期寿命,预计期限lift head 扬程light catalyzed chlorine oxidation 光催化氯氧化liquefaction 液化liquefied gas 液化气liquefy 液化liquor 液litter 乱丢的废物,垃圾local exhaust ventilation 局部排气通风logger 记录器log-growth phase 对数生长期longevity 长寿,耐久性,存活力longitudinal 纵向的,经度的loop seal 环形管水封,回路水封loss on ignition 烧灼减重low flow year 枯水年low lift pump 低压泵Mmagnetic stirring 磁力搅拌magnitude of traffic flow 交通流量main drain 总排水管maintenance 维护make-up water 补给水malnutrition 营养不良malodorous 恶臭的manhole 检查井,窨井,人孔manipulation (手工)操作manometer (流体)压力计,(流体)压差计manure 肥料,粪肥marine deposits 海底沉积物marsh 沼泽,湿地marsh gas 沼气mass 大块,质量mass action law 质量作用定律mass balance 物料衡算mass growth 群体生长mass spectrograph 质谱仪mass transfer 质量转移,传质material balance 物料平衡,物料衡算matrix 模型,杂矿石,矩阵,基体maturation 成熟mean 中间,平均值,中项;中间的,平均的,下等的mean particle diameter 平均粒径measured day work 计时日工(计量的一日工作量)measurement 测定,量度measuring flask 容量瓶meat processing waste water 肉类加工废水meat-packing waste 肉类包装废水mechanism 机构,机构学,机理,机制membrane separation 膜分离mesh 网眼mesophilic 中温的,嗜温的metabolic respiration 新陈代谢的呼吸metabolism 新陈代谢metal processing and finishing 金属加工及修饰metatrophic 间营养的,介营养的(介于营养与非营养之间)methane 甲烷,沼气method of images 源象法micellae (micelle) 胶束microfiltration 微(孔过)滤microscope 显微镜micro-strainer 微滤机milling 研磨mineral acid 无机酸mineral matter 矿物质mineralization 矿化作用,(有机物的)无机化(作用)mining waste 采矿废水miscellaneous (混)杂的,杂项的,各种各样的,多方面的;其他mist 轻雾mixing impeller 搅拌叶轮model 模式,模型model test 模型试验,小规模试验modification 改变,改进modified 改变的,改良的,修改的modified starch 改性淀粉molecular sieve 分子筛moor 荒野,沼morbidity 发病率,每十万人的病例数morphology 形态学mortality 致命性moss 沼泽MPN (most probable number) 最概然数,最可能的数(目)mud 污泥,泥浆muffler 消声器,减声器multimedia 多种介质的,多种手段的,多种方式的multipurposeuse of waste 废物综合利用municipal 城市的,市政的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipal sewage 城市污水mutagenesis 致突变作用mutagenic 诱变的,致突变的mutation 突变Nnascent oxygen 初生氧,新生氧natural circulation 自然环流natural conservation 自然保护neck 颈,颈部niche 小生境,适当的位置,适当的场所nightsoil 人粪尿,粪便nitrate nitrogen 硝酸盐氮nitric acid 硝酸nitrification (氮的) 硝化(作用)nitrifying bacteria 硝化菌nitrite nitrogen 亚硝酸盐氮Nitrobacter 硝化杆菌nitrogeneous compound 含氮化合物Nitrosomonas 亚硝化毛杆菌(使氨氧化为亚硝酸盐)noise elimination 噪声消除noise level 噪声级noise silencer 噪声抑制器nomogram 列线图,诺模图non-ferrous metals 非铁金属, 有色金属normal solution 当量溶液noxious 有害的nuisance 讨厌物,公害nuisanceless technology 无公害工艺nutrient 营养物,养料Oobjectionable 讨厌的,不适合的,不能采用的,不好的,有害的objectionable impurity 有害杂质obligate aerobes 专性需氧菌,专性好氧菌obnoxious 讨厌的occupational disease 职业病ocean disposal 向海洋排放ocean dumping 向海洋投弃,向海洋倾倒odor (odour) 臭味,气味(指香味和臭味)odor and taste 臭味和水味odorant (odorous substance) 恶臭物质of interest 值得注意的,有关的,重要的offensive industry 有毒工业,有害工业offscum 脱浮渣oil separate tank 隔油池oil separator 分油器,油水分离器,隔油池oil-and-water trap 油水收集器,油水阱olfaction 嗅觉olfactory sense 嗅觉oligotrophic 贫营养的on-site treatment systems 就地处理系统open channel flow 明渠流open ditch 明渠operating rules 操作规程operation manual (产品)使用说明书operational research 运筹学opposing reaction 对抗反应,对峙反应order of magnitude 数量级order of reaction 反应级数ordinance 法令,条例ordinary pressure 常压organic carbon(OC) 有机碳organic polyelectrolyte 有机高分子电解质organic polymer 有机聚合物organism 有机体,生物体organometallic compound 有机金属化合物orifice column 筛板塔original concentration 原始浓度ORP (oxidation。
化学工程与工艺专业英语(1)
化学工程与工艺专业英语1. Introduction化学工程与工艺是一门涉及化学反应、化学工艺以及工程原理的学科,它在许多工业领域中起着重要的作用。
作为一个化学工程与工艺专业的学生,具备良好的英语沟通能力对于学习和就业都具有重要意义。
本文档将介绍一些化学工程与工艺专业中常用的英语术语和短语,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些知识。
2. Basic Terms and Definitions在开始学习化学工程与工艺专业的英语词汇之前,我们需要了解一些基本的术语和定义。
•Chemical Engineering: 化学工程•Process: 过程•Reactor: 反应器•Mass Transfer: 质量传递•Heat Transfer: 热传递•Distillation: 蒸馏•Extraction: 提取•Polymerization: 聚合•Catalysis: 催化•Reaction Kinetics: 反应动力学•Thermodynamics: 热力学•Unit Operation: 单元操作•Unit Process: 单元工艺3. Chemical Engineering Processes化学工程与工艺专业涉及许多不同的化学过程和工艺。
下面是一些常见的过程名称和定义。
3.1 Distillation蒸馏是一种通过利用不同组分的沸点差异进行分离的过程。
在蒸馏过程中,液体混合物被加热,使其沸腾,然后通过冷凝,得到不同组分的纯液体。
蒸馏在石油化工、酒精生产和石油提炼等领域中广泛应用。
3.2 Extraction提取是一种将溶质从溶剂中分离出来的过程。
提取可以通过溶剂选择性地与溶质相互作用,使得溶质从溶剂中转移到新的相中。
提取常用于药物生产、化妆品制造等领域。
3.3 Polymerization聚合是一种将单体分子结合成长链聚合物的过程。
聚合通常需要催化剂和适当的反应条件。
聚合在塑料制造、纤维生产和涂料工业等领域中被广泛应用。
化学工程与工艺专业英语
Commodity chemicals日用化学品specialty chemicals专用化学品fine chemicals精细化学品raw material原料sodium chloride氯化钠unit operation单元操作flow sheet工艺流程图chemical processes化学工艺size reduction粉碎RD研究开发nanotechnology纳米技术micro reaction微量反应end of pipe treatment末端处理macromolecule大分子bio engineering生物工程pharmaceuticals制药lab on a chip芯片实验室chlor alkali氯碱end product终端品sulfur Dioxide二氧化硫sodium carbonate碳酸钠soda ash 苏达灰diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸氢二铵dyestuff染料silicon tetrafluoride四氧化硅petroleum refining石油炼制coal gasification煤气化alkylation烷基化solvent extraction 溶剂萃取catalytic hydrocracking催化加氢裂解butylene丁烯BTX苯甲苯二甲苯modern refinery现代炼油厂Feedstock原料hydrocarbon碳氢paraffin石蜡fused benzene ring酬和苯环carboxylic acid ester羧酸脂catalyst deacitivation催化剂失活acetylene乙炔pyridine吡啶natural gas天然气Liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)液化石油气straight rungasoline 直馏汽油coexisting zone 共存区dumped packing 乱堆填料ordered packing规整填料rectifhing section经六段stripping sectiong提馏段flash drunt闪蒸段equilibrium stage平衡级batch distillation间歇精馏acetic acid 醋酸dimethylformamide二甲基甲酰胺mixer settler混合沉降器sieveplate筛板water immiscible水不溶mechanical agitation机械搅拌molecular sieves分子筛ion exchange离子交换activeted carbon活性炭single effect evaporator单板蒸发器multiple effectevaporaion多效蒸发器force circulation强制循环condenser冷凝器reboiler再沸器conserve energy能量守恒Reflux pump回流泵reversible process可逆过程dynamic equilibrium 动力学平衡entropy熵In bulk 大剂量汉翻英氢氧化钠Sodium hydroxide 硫酸Sulfuric acid 有机合成Organic synthesis 表面活性剂surfactant离子交换Ion exchange热传递Heat transfer工艺流程图Process flow diagram副产物by-products盐酸Hydrochloric acid无机化学品Inorganic chemicals硝酸Nitric acid氢氧化钙Calcium hydroxide磷酸phosphate 硅胶Silica gel煤气厂gasworks水处理Water treatment石油化学品Petroleum chemical原油Crude oil精馏distillation沸点Boiling point催化重整Catalytic reforming异构化isomerization生物柴油biodiesel 燃油fuel环烷烃cycloparaffin 甲烷methane丙烷propane 乙烯ethylene树脂Resin五元环Five member ring苯benzene杂原子化合物Heteroatom compound相态Phase state气相gas phase液相liquid phase相对挥发度Relative volatility流速flow rate冷凝器condenser多组分混合物Multicomponent mixture回流比reflux ratio萃取器extractor结晶crystallization吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption溶质solute溶解性solubility沉淀precipitation1.We define industrial chemistry as the branch of chemistry which applies physical chemical procedures towards the transformation of natural raw materials and their derivatives to products that are of benefit to humanity. 我们定义的工业化学是化学的一个分支,应用物理化学程序对改造天然原材料及其衍生物产品,造福人类。
化工专业英语重点单词
fermenter 发酵罐 fermentation 发酵
purity 纯度,品位纯净纯化 impurity 杂质
pilot-plant 中间(试验性)工厂,试验生产装置 pilot 宇航员,飞行员
optimize (使)最优(佳)化 optimal 最优的
density 密度
viscosity 粘度,黏度
pipe 管道
equipment specification 设备说明书
construction 机件,构件
foundation 地基
maintenance 维修,保养
switch 开关,转换
transformer 变压器
bottleneck瓶颈
shift 班,工作班
spare part 备件
simulate 模拟,仿真,模型化,模型试验 simulation
batch 间歇的,分批的 continuous 连续的
a constant temperature bath 恒温浴
reactant 反应物 reagent
reactor 反应器
condensing 冷凝
filtering 过滤
centrifugation 离心分离
fluid flow流体流动
evaporation 蒸发汽化
membrane separation 膜分离
liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取
liquid-solid leaching 液固浸提
parameter 参数,系数 =coefficient
stripper 汽提塔,解析塔 strip 脱,除去,剥
化工专业英语翻译
Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money--making, commercial-scale chemical processes. The chemist works in test tubes and Parr bombs with very small quantities of reactants and products (e.g., 100 ml), usually running “batch”, constant-temperature experiments. Reactants are placed in a small container in a constant temperature bath. A catalyst is added and the reactions proceed with time. Samples are taken at appropriate intervals to follow the consumption of the reactants and the production of products as time progresses.化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。
化学家用少量的反应物在试管和派式氧弹中反应相应得到少量的生成物,所进行的通常是间歇性的恒温下的实验,反应物放在很小的置于恒温水槽的容器中,加点催化剂,反应继续进行,随时间推移,反应物被消耗,并有生成物产生,产物在合适的间歇时间获得。
化工专业英语——单元操作
单元操作Unit operation单元操作是化学工业和其他过程工业中进行的物料粉碎、输送、加热、冷却、混合和分离等一系列使物料发生预期的物理变化的基本操作的总称。
对这些操作的研究,是化学工程的一个重要分支。
各种单元操作依据不同的物理化学原理,应用相应的设备,达到各自的工艺目的。
如蒸馏根据液体混合物中各组分挥发能力的差异,可以实现液体混合物中各组分分离或某组分提纯的目的。
对单元操作的研究,以物理化学、传递过程和化工热力学为理论基础,着重研究实现各单元操作的过程和设备,故单元操作又称为化工过程及设备。
单元操作的应用遍及化工、冶金、能源、食品、轻工、核能和环境保护等部门,对这些部门生产的大型化和现代化起着重要作用。
Unit operation is a general term for a series of material handling, transportation, heating, cooling, mixing and separation of materials in the chemical industry and other process industries. The study of these operations is an important branch of chemical engineering. Various unit operations according to different physical and chemical principles, the application of the corresponding equipment, to achieve the purpose of their respective processes. Such as distillation according to the difference of the volatile capacity of the liquid mixture, can achieve the purpose of separation of components in liquid mixture or a group of purification. Based on the theory of physical chemistry, transfer process and chemical thermodynamics, the research on the operation of the unit has focused on the process and equipment of realizing the operation of each unit, so the unit operation is also called the chemical process and equipment. Application of unit operation in chemical industry, metallurgy, energy, food, light industry, nuclear energy and environmental protection departments, the production of these departments and the modernization of large-scale play an important role.单元操作沿革Unit operation evolution单元操作在化学工业的发展过程中,人们最初以具体产品为对象,分别进行各种产品的生产过程和设备的研究。
化工专业英语练习题 参考答案
练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1)包括的一系列操作,如混合、蒸发、过滤,无论产物是什么,这些操作都基本同,从而导致了单元操作的概念。
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(P-Z)5
化学及化工专业词汇英语翻译(P-Z)5- -甲状腺素tibione 替比昂tile 瓷砖timber 木材time constant 时间常数time exposure 长时间曝光time of coagulation 凝结时间time of drying 干燥时间time resolved spectroscopy 时间分辨光谱法time series 时序列time series analysis 时序列分析tin 锡tin alloy 锡合金tin ash 锡灰tin chloride 二氯化锡tin foil 锡箔tin hydroxide 氢氧化亚锡tin mordanting 用锡媒染tin oxide 二氧化锡tin pest 锡瘟tin plate 白铁皮tin plating 镀锡tin powder 锡粉tin putty 锡灰tin salt 亚锡盐tin tetrachloride 氯化锡tincal 原硼砂tinctorial power 着色力tincture 酊tincture of iodine 碘酊tindichloride 二氯化锡tindihydroxide 氢氧化亚锡tindioxide 二氧化锡tinge 色调色彩tinning 镀锡tinting strength 着色力tire cord 轮胎帘布tire mould 轮胎压模tire stock 轮胎胶料tiselius electrophoresis apparatus 钛氏电泳装置tissue 组织;薄纸titanate 钛酸盐titanic acid 钛酸titanic iron ore 钛铁矿titanium 钛titanium carbide 碳化钛titanium chloride 氯化钛titanium dioxide 钛白titanium oxide 氧化钛titanium pigment 钛颜料titanium sulfate 硫酸钛titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛titanium white 钛白titanometry 钛盐滴定法titer 滴定率titrant 滴定法被测溶液titrating solution 滴定剂titration 滴定titration apparatus 滴定仪器titration curve 滴定曲线titration error 滴定误差titrimetric analysis 滴定分析titrimetric factor 容量因数titrimetry 滴定分析tl 铊tnt ammonium nitrate explosive tnt 硝酸铵炸药tobias acid 托拜厄斯酸tocopherol 生育酚toilet soap 香皂tolan 二苯乙炔tolerance 容限tolidine 联甲苯胺tollens reaction 托伦斯氏反应tollens reagent 托伦斯试剂tolu balsam 妥卢香脂toluene 甲苯toluene sulfonamide 甲苯磺酰胺toluenesulfonic acid 甲苯磺酸toluic acid 甲苯酸toluidine 甲苯胺toluol 甲苯toluquinone 甲苯醌toluylene 二苯乙烯toluylene red 中性红tomatidine 番茄碱toner 但剂top coat 表面涂层top fermentation 表层发酵top yeast 上面酵母topaz 黄玉topochemical control 局部化学控制topochemical reaction 局部化学反应topochemistry 局部化学topological space 拓扑空间topping 拔顶蒸去轻油;着色torsion 扭转torsion test 扭曲试验torsion viscosimeter 扭力粘度计torula 圆酵母total analysis 全分析total ash 总灰分total condenser 完全冷凝器total hardness 总硬度total loss 全损失total moisture 总水分total pressure 全压力total reaction rate 总反应速度total reflection 全反射total sum 总额total synthesis 总合成touch paper 导火纸toughened filter paper 韧性滤纸tourmaline 电气石tower mill 塔式粉碎机town gas 城市煤气toxaphene 毒杀芬toxic agent 毒剂toxic gas 毒气toxicant 毒剂toxicity 毒性toxicology 毒物学toxin 毒toxoid 类毒素trace analysis 微量分析trace chemistry 痕量化学trace element 微量元素trace element fertilizer 微量元素肥料tracer 示踪剂trade mark 商标trade name 商品名称tragacanth 黄蓍胶tranquilizer 镇静剂trans effect 转移效应trans form 反式trans isomer 反式异构体transamination 氨基转移transannular interaction 跨环相互酌transducer 变换器transesterification 转酯基酌transfer 传递transfer molding 传递模塑transfer pipet 移液吸管transfer transport 电子转移transferase 转移酶transference 传递transference number 迁移数transformation 转换transformation constant 转换常数transformation point 转换点transformer 变压器transformer oil 变压仆transient equilibrium 过渡平衡transient starch 过渡淀粉transistor 晶体管transition 转变transition element 过渡元素transition point 转变点transition probability 转移概率transition state 跃迁态transition temperature 转变温度transition time 迁移时间transition time constant 过渡时间常数translucent paper 半透媒transmethylation 甲基转移酌transmission 透过transmission coefficient 透射系数transmittance 透射率transmutation 转变transmutation of element 元素蜕变transparency 透萌transparency tester 透萌试验机transparent soap 透庙transport coefficient 输运系数transport number 迁移数transuranic element 超铀元素transuranium element 超铀元素trapped electron 捕获电子trauzl's lead block test 特劳茨尔试验tray 塔盘treacle 废蜜treatment before plating 镀金前处理trehalose 海藻糖triacetate 三乙酸酯triacetin 三醋精triacidic base 三价碱triad 三价元素triamylamine 三戊胺triangular diagram 三角形图解triatomic 三原子状triazine 三嗪triazole 三唑tribasic acid 三元酸tribochemistry 摩擦化学triboluminescence 摩擦发光tributyl phosphate 磷酸三丁酯tricalcium phosphate 磷酸三钙tricalcium silicate 硅酸三钙tricarballylic acid 丙三羧酸trichloroacetic acid 三氯乙酸trichlorobenzene 三氯苯trichloroethane 不均三氯乙烷trichloroethylene 三氯乙烯trichloronitromethane 三氯硝基甲烷trichlorosilane 三氯硅烷trichroism 三色性triclinic system 三斜晶系tricosane 廿三烷tricresyl phosphate 磷酸三个甲苯酯tridecane 十三烷tridecanol 十三醇tridymite 鳞石英triethanolamine 三乙醇胺triethyl phosphate 磷酸三乙酯triethylamine 三乙胺triethylene glycol 三甘醇triethylene melamine 三乙烯亚胺三嗪triglyceride 甘油三酯trigonal system 三方晶系trihydrate 三水合物trihydric alcohol 三元醇trilaurin 三月桂精trilon b 乙二胺四乙酸trimanganese tetroxide 四氧化三锰trimer 三聚物trimethylacetic acid 特戊酸trimethylaluminium 三甲基铝trimethylamine 三甲胺trimethylene 环丙烷trimethylene glycol 丙二醇trimethylene trinitramine 三亚甲基三硝基胺trimolecular reaction 三分子反应trinitrotoluene 三硝基甲苯triolein 三油精triose 丙糖trioxane 三氧杂环己烷trioxide 三氧化物tripalmitin 三棕榈精triphane 锂辉石triphenyl phosphate 磷酸三苯酯triphenylamine 三苯胺triphenylmethane dye 三苯甲烷染料triple bond 三键triple complex 三重络合物triple effect evaporator 三效蒸发器triple link 三键triple point 三相点triplet 三重线triplet state 三重线态tripod 三脚架tripoli 风化硅石tripolyphosphate 三聚磷酸盐trisaccharide 三糖trisilane 丙硅烷tristearin 三硬脂精trisulfide 三硫化合物triterpene 三萜烯trithionic acid 连三硫酸tritium 氚triton 氚核triuranium octoxide 八氧化三铀trivalence 三价trivalency 三价trivial name 惯用名trommel 转筒筛trona 天然碱tropic acid 托品酸tropine 亲菌素tropinone 托品酮tropocollagen 原胶原tropolone 托酚酮tropomyosin 原肌球蛋白tropone 环庚三烯酮trotyl 梯遁trouton's rule 特鲁顿法则true acidity 真实酸度true condensing point 临界冷凝温度true purity 真纯度true solution 真溶液true specific gravity 真比重trypaflavine 吖啶黄trypsin 胰朊酶tryptophan 色氨酸tube mill 管式磨tubular reactor 管状反应器tuff 凝灰岩tumbling barrel 滚筒tung oil 桐油tungstate 钨酸盐tungsten 钨tungsten carbide 碳化钨tungsten dioxide 二氧化钨tungsten filament 钨丝tungsten oxide 氧化钨tungsten steel 钨钢tungstic acid 钨酸tungstic anhydride 钨酐tunnel dryer 隧道式干燥机tunnel effect 隧道效应tunnel kiln 隧道式窑tunnel oven 隧道式窑turbidimeter 浊度计turbidimetric analysis 比浊法turbidimetric titration 浊度滴定turbidimetry 比浊法turbidity 浊度turbine agitator 汽轮式搅拌器turbine oil 汽轮机油turbine pump 再生涡轮泵turbine stirrer 汽轮式搅拌器turbo compressor 涡轮压缩机turbulent diffusion 湍俩散turbulent flow 湍流turmeric 姜黄属turmeric paper 姜黄试纸turnbull's blue 腾氏蓝turpentine 松脂turpentine oil 松节油twin 双晶two colored effect 两色效应two component system 二组分系two dimensional chromatography 二维色谱法two stage compressor 两级压气机two way cock 二路栓tyield point 屈服点tyield stress 屈服点tyndall effect 廷德尔氏效应tyndall phenomenon 廷德尔氏现象type metal 活字合金type reaction 典型反应typical element 典型元素tyramine 酪胶tyre mould 轮胎压模tyrocidine 短杆菌酪素tyrosinase 酪氨酸酶tyrosine 酪氨酸tyrosine oxidase 酪氨酸酶tyrothricin 短杆菌素ubbelohde method 乌伯娄德法ubbelohde viscometer 乌伯娄德粘度计ubiquinone 乌比醌类udex process 伍德克思法ullmann reaction 乌尔曼反应ultimate analysis 元素分析ultimate effect 后效应ultimate vacuum 极度真空ultra accelerator 超促进剂ultra high molecular weight polymer 超高分子量聚重物ultra red ray drying 红外线干燥ultracentrifuge 超离心机ultracentrifuge method 超离心法ultrafilter 超滤器ultrafilter membrane 超过滤膜ultrafiltration 超细过滤ultrafine fiber 超细纤维ultrafine particle 超细粒子ultrafine powder 超细粉ultramarine 群青ultramicro analysis 超微分析ultramicrochemistry 超微量化学ultramicron 超微粒子ultramicroscope 超倍显微镜ultrasonic flowmeter 超声波量计ultrasonic fractography 超声波断层显微分析ultrasonic wave 超声波ultraviolet absorber fixative 紫外线吸收固定剂ultraviolet photography 紫外线照相ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射ultraviolet ray microscope 紫外线显微镜ultraviolet ray transmitting glass 紫外线透过玻璃ultraviolet rays 紫外线ultraviolet spectrophotometry 紫外线分光光度测定法ultraviolet stabilizer 紫外线稳定剂umber 棕土umpire analysis 仲裁分析unbleached pulp 未漂白纸浆unbranched molecule 无支链分子unburned brick 砖坯uncertainty principle 测不准原理uncertainty relation 测不准关系uncharged species 无电荷化学种undecanal 十一醛undecane 十一烷undecanoic acid 十一酸undecyl alcohol 十一醇undecylenic acid 十一碳烯酸undecylenic alcohol 十一碳醇undecylic acid 十一酸undercoat 底涂undercooling 过冷undercure 欠硫化underexposure 照射不足underglaze color 釉底颜料underground gasification 地下气化underground water 地下水undervulcanization 欠硫化uneven dyeing 染色不匀unhairing 去毛uniaxial crystal 单轴晶体uniaxial orientation 单轴取向uniform convergence 均匀收敛uniform motion 等速运动uniformity 均质性uniformity coefficient 均匀系数unimolecular layer 单分子层unimolecular reaction 单分子反应uninflammability 不燃性union colorimeter 联合比色计union yarn 混纺纱unit cell 单位晶格unit matrix 单位矩阵unit of heat 热量单位unit operation 单元操作unit process 单元过程unit time 单位时间unitary matrix 幺正矩阵univalent 一价的univariant system 单变系universal bridge 万用电桥universal constant 通用常数universal developer 万用显影剂universal gas constant 通用气体常数universal indicator 通用指示剂unpaired electron 不成对电子unsaponifiable matter 不皂化物unsaturated bond 不饱和键unsaturated compound 不饱和化合物unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱烃unsaturated solution 不饱和溶液unsaturation 不饱和unshared electron pair 未共享电子对unstable compound 不稳定化合物unstable equilibrium 不稳定平衡unsteady state 非稳定态untreated oil 未处理油料unusual valency 异常原子价unvulcanized rubber 未硫化橡胶upflow 上流上升气流uramil 乌拉米尔uranate 铀酸盐uranic acid 铀酸uranic oxide 三氧化铀uranine 荧光素钠uraninite 晶质铀矿uranium 铀uranium dioxide 二氧化铀uranium fluoride 氟化铀uranium glass 铀玻璃uranium oxide 氧化铀uranium series 铀系uranium tetrafluoride 四氟化铀uranium trioxide 三氧化铀uranyl acetate 醋酸双氧铀uranyl chloride 氯化双氧铀uranyl compound 铀酰化合物uranyl nitrate 硝酸双氧铀uranyl salt 铀酰盐uranyl sulfate 硫酸双氧铀uranyl uranate 八氧化三铀urate 尿酸盐urea 尿素urea adduct 尿素加合物urea anhydride 氨基氰urea chloride 氨基甲酰氯urea formaldehyde resin 脲醛尸urea nitrate 硝酸脲urea resin 尿素尸urea resin varnish 尿素尸清漆urease 尿素酶ureide 酰脲urethane 尿烷urethane resin 尿烷尸uric acid 尿酸uridine 尿核甙uridine diphosphate glucose 尿甙二磷酸葡糖甙uridylic acid 尿甙酸urobilin 尿胆素urobilinogen 尿胆素原urocanic acid 尿刊酸urochrome 尿色素urokinase 尿激酶uronic acid 糖羰酸uropepsin 尿胃蛋白酶uroporphyrin 尿卟啉urotropine 乌洛托品ursodeoxycholic acid 胆烷酸ursolic acid 乌酸urushiol 漆酚used oils 废油usnic acid 松萝酸uviol glass 透紫外线玻璃uzarigenine 乌沙甙元vacancy 空格点vacant lattice point 空格点vaccine 菌苗vacuole 液泡vacuum apparatus 真空装置vacuum condensing point 真空冷凝点vacuum crystallizer 真空结晶器vacuum desiccator 真空干燥器vacuum distillation 真空蒸馏vacuum dryer 真空干燥器vacuum drying 真空干燥vacuum evaporation 真空蒸发vacuum evaporation coating 真空镀膜vacuum evaporator 真空蒸发器vacuum filter 真空过滤器vacuum filtration 真空过滤vacuum flask 真空瓶vacuum forming 真空成型vacuum gage 真空计vacuum plating 真空镀膜vacuum pump 真空泵vacuum pump oil 真空泵油vacuum technique 真空技术vacuum tube glass 真空管玻璃vacuum type insulation 真空式绝缘vadose water 渗廉vagotonine 迷走紧张素valence 价valence angle 价角valence bond 价键valence bond method 价键法valence electron 价电子valence fluctuation 原子价起伏valence force field 价力场valence isomerism 价异构性valence state 价态valence valence 离子价valency 价valency angle 价角valency control 原子价控制valentinite 锑华valeraldehyde 戊醛valeramide 戊酰胺valerianic acid 戊酸valeric acid 戊酸valerolactam 戊内酸胺valerolactone 戊内酯valeronitrile 戊腈valine 缬氨酸value of isotope mixture 同位素混合物价值valve oil 润阀油vamidothion 蚜灭多van der waals' equation of state 范德瓦耳斯状态方程van der waals' force 范德瓦耳斯力van der waals' molecule 范德瓦耳斯分子van slyke method 范斯莱克测定法vanadate 钒酸盐vanadic acid 钒酸vanadinite 钒铅矿vanadium 钒vanadium carbide 碳化钒vanadium compound 钒化合物vanadium dichloride 二氯化钒vanadium oxide 氧化钒vanadium oxytrichloride 三氯氧化钒vanadium sulfide 硫化钒vanadyl chloride 氯化氧钒vanillin 香草醛vapor bath 蒸汽浴vapor liquid equilibrium 气液平衡vapor lock 汽封vapor loss 蒸汽损失vapor nozzle 蒸汽喷嘴vapor phase 汽相vapor phase cracking 汽相热裂vapor phase polymerization 汽相聚合vapor phase reactor 汽相反应器vapor pressure 蒸汽压vapor pressure curve 蒸气压力曲线vapor pressure thermometer 蒸汽压式温度计vaporization 蒸发vaporization heat 蒸发热vaporizer 汽化器variable resistance 变阻器variational method 变分法variational principle 变分原理variety 变种varnish 清漆vaseline 凡士林vaseline oil 凡士林油vasotocin 加压催产素vat acid 隐色酸vat color 瓮染料vat dye 瓮染料vat dyeing 瓮染vector product 矢积vegetable acid 植物酸vegetable casein 植物性酪素vegetable dye 植物染料vegetable fiber 植物纤维vegetable gum 植物胶vegetable oil 植物油vegetable parchment 植物羊皮纸vegetable wax 植物蜡vehicle 载色料vellum 羊皮纸vellum paper 羊皮纸velocimeter 临仪velocity constant 速度常数velocity indicator 速度指示器veneer 胶合板vent hole 通气孔ventilation 换气ventilator 风扇venturi meter 文丘里测量计venturi scrubber 文丘里除尘器veratrine 藜芦碱veratrole 藜芦醚verdigris 铜绿verification 检验vermiculite 蛭石vermilion 银珠veronal 佛罗那vertical boiler 竖式锅炉very low temperature 超低温vesicant agent 糜烂性毒气vesicant gases 糜烂性毒气vessel 容器vetiver oil 香根草油vibrating screen 振动筛vibrating sieve 振动筛vibration 振动vibration separation 振动分级vibration viscometer 振动粘度计vibrational energy 振动能vibrational quantum number 振动量子数vibronic coupling 振动耦合vickers hardness tester 维克硬度试验机victoria green 维多利亚绿vinalon 维尼龙vinegar 醋vinometor 酒度计vinyl acetate 醋酸乙烯酯vinyl alcohol 乙烯醇vinyl chloride 氯乙烯vinyl chloride copolymer 氯乙烯共聚物vinyl cyanide 丙烯腈vinyl ester 乙烯基酯vinyl ester resin 乙烯基酯尸vinyl ether 乙烯醚vinyl fluoride 氟乙烯vinyl formate 甲酸乙烯酯vinyl isobutyl ether 乙烯基异丁基醚vinyl polymer 乙烯基聚合物vinyl resin 乙烯基尸vinyl salicylate 水杨酸乙烯酯vinylacetylene 乙烯基乙炔vinylamine 乙烯胺vinylation 乙烯化vinylidene chloride 偏二氯乙烯vinylon 维尼纶vinyltoluene 甲苯乙烯vinyon 维尼昂vioform 氯碘喹啉violanthrone 蒽酮紫violet pigment 紫色颜料viomycin 紫霉素virial 维里virial coefficient 维里系数virial expansion 维里展开virtual memory 虚存储virus 病毒visbreaking 减粘裂化viscoelasticity 粘弹性viscoelastometer 粘弹计viscometer 粘度计viscometric degree of polymerization 粘度法聚合度viscose 粘胶液viscose process 粘胶法viscose rayon 粘胶法人造丝viscose yarn 粘胶丝viscosity 粘度viscosity breaking 减粘裂化viscosity gravity constant 粘度比重常数viscosity index 粘度指数viscosity index improver 粘度指数改善剂viscosity law 粘度法则viscosity stabilization 粘度稳定化viscous flow 滞流粘性流viscous fluid 粘滞铃viscous force 粘力viscous liquid 粘性液体visible rays 可见光线visual colorimeter 目测比色计visual method 目视法visual pigment 视色素vitamin 维生素vitamin b26 潘氨酸vitamin b3 核黄素vitamin d 钙化醇vitamin k2 叶绿醌vitamin k4 甲萘醌vitamin pp 烟酰胺vitamine b2 硫胺素vitellin 卵黄磷朊vitrain 镜煤vitreous state 玻璃态vitrification 玻璃化vitrification range 瓷化温度范围vitrified brick 烧结砖vitrit 镜煤型vivianite 蓝铁矿void 空隙voidage 空隙度volatile acid 挥发酸volatile matter 挥发物volatile oil 精油volatile solvent 挥发性溶剂volatility 挥发度volatility product 挥发度积volatilization 挥发volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic rock 火山岩volta cell 电池voltage 电压voltage drop 电压降voltage stabilizer 电压稳定器voltammetry 伏安测量法voltmeter 电压表voltol oil 高压电油volume 容积volume density 体积密度volume elasticity 体积弹性volume fraction 体积分率volume percent 容积百分数volume resistance 体积阻力volume viscosity 体积粘性volumeter 体积计volumetric analysis 容量分析volumetric factor 容量因数volumetric flask 量瓶volumetric solution 滴定液vomiting gas 呕吐性毒气vortex 涡流vorticity 涡度vulcanite 硬橡胶vulcanizate 硫化橡胶vulcanization 硫化vulcanization accelerator 硫化促进剂vulcanization coefficient 硫化系数vulcanization curve 硫化曲线vulcanization rate 硫化速率vulcanization retarder 阻硫化剂vulcanized fiber 硬化纸板vulcanized oil 硫化油vulcanized rubber 硫化橡胶vulcanizer 硫化器硫化装置vulcanizing agent 硫化剂vulcanizing apparatus 硫化器硫化装置vulcanizing press 加压硫化机vultex 硫化橡浆wagner meerwein rearrangement 瓦米重排酌wagner reagent 瓦格纳试剂wake 尾流walden's inversion 瓦耳登转化walden's law 瓦尔登规则wall friction 墙面摩擦wall lining 墙衬wall paint 墙漆wall plaster 刷墙粉wallach reaction 瓦拉赫反应wallach rearrangement 瓦拉赫换位wallantoin 尿囊素walnut oil 核桃油wandering of zero point 零点偏移war gas 毒气战剂warfarin 杀鼠灵wash oil 洗油washed coal 洗煤washed ore 洗矿washer 洗涤器washing 洗涤washing agent 去垢剂washing bottle 洗涤瓶washing effect 洗涤效应washing liquid 洗涤液washing powder 洗涤粉washing soap 洗衣皂washing soda 苏打晶体waste 废物waste acid 废酸waste gas 废气waste heat 废热waste heat boiler 废热锅炉waste lye 废液waste oil 废油waste oil regeneration 废油再生waste paper 废纸waste product 废产物waste rubber 废橡胶waste water 废水watch glass 表面皿watch oil 钟表油water absorbing capacity 吸水本领water absorbing power 吸水能力water absorption 吸水率water absorption tube 吸水管water analysis 水分析water bacteria 水生细菌water bath 水浴water cement ratio 水灰比water circulation 水循环water color 水合颜料water content 含水量water cooler 水冷却器water cooling 水冷却water coulombmeter 水解电量计water electrolyser 水电解槽water electrolysis 水电解water equivalent 水当量water gage 水位指示器water gas 水煤气water gas generator 水煤气发生器water gas reaction 水煤气反应water glass 水玻璃water jacket 水冷套water level 水准water line paint 水线涂料water measuring tube 量水管water meter 水量计water of crystallization 结晶水water of hydration 水合水water paint 水性漆water permeability 渗水性water pipe 水管water purification 水的净化water purifier 净水器water purifying plant 净水设备water repellent 防水剂water resistance 抗水性water seal 水封water separator 水分离器water softener 软水剂water softening 水的软化water softening apparatus 水软化器water soluble oil 水溶性油water soluble vitamin 水溶性维生素water solution 水溶液water tank 水槽water test 水的试验water tube boiler 水管锅炉water vapor 水蒸汽water vapor permeability 水蒸汽渗透性waterproof agent 防水剂waterproof paint 防水涂料watt 瓦wave equation 波动方程wave function 波动函数wave height 波高wave number 波数wave optics 波动光学wavelength 波长wavellite 银星石wax 蜡wax bleaching 蜡漂白wax candle 蜡烛wax cement 蜡胶粘剂wax fractionation 蜡分馏wax paper 蜡纸waxing 上蜡weak acid 弱酸weak base 弱碱weak complex compound 弱络合物weak electrolyte 弱电解质wear 磨耗weatherability 耐气候性weathering 风化酌weathering test 风化试验weaving 编织weed killer 除草剂weighing 称量weighing accuracy 称量准确度weighing bottle 称瓶weighing buret 量滴定管weight distribution curve 重量分布曲线weight loss on heating 加热失重weight percent 重量百分数weights 法码weissenberg effect 韦森堡效应welding 焊接welding process 焊接法wernerite 方柱石weston normal cell 韦斯顿标准电池wet analysis 湿法分析wet and dry bulb hygrometer 干湿球湿度表wet assay 湿分析法wet blending 湿掺和wet box 湿气箱wet bulb thermometer 湿球温度表wet cell 湿电池wet collodion process 湿珂珞酊法wet gas 湿气wet grinder 湿磨机wet grinding 湿磨wet grinding mill 湿磨机wet process 湿法wet purification 湿式提净wet quenching 湿淬火wet rotary mill 湿式转磨碎机wet spinning 湿法纺丝wet steam 湿蒸汽wet sterilization 蒸汽杀菌wet strength 湿强度wet vapor 湿蒸汽wettability 可湿性wetting 润湿wetting agent 湿润剂wetting power 润湿力whale oil 鲸油wheat starch 小麦淀粉wheel ore 车轮矿whey 乳清whirepool elutriation 涡液洗浮分析法white arsenic 砒霜white bole 瓷土white cement 白水泥white discharge 拔白印花white factice 白油膏white garnet 白榴石white gold 白金white heat 白热white lead 铅白white lead ore 白铅矿white liquor 白液white oil 白油white pigment 白色颜料white precipitate 白降汞white spirit 石油溶剂white sugar 白糖whiting 白垩whole milk 全乳whole pipet 移液吸管wide mouthed bottle 广口瓶wild rubber 野生橡胶wild yeast 野生酵母willemite 硅锌矿williamson's synthesis 威廉逊合成wilson cloud chamber 威尔逊云室wine vinegar 葡萄酒醋winkler gas generator 温克勒煤气发生器winkler gasifier 温克勒煤气发生器winkler titraion 温克勒滴定winter oil 耐冻油wintergreen oil 冬青油wire 金属丝wire brush 钢丝刷wire gauze 铁丝网wire glass 铁丝网玻璃wire screen 网筛wire sieve 网筛witherite 碳酸钡矿witt theory 威特理论wohl ziegler reaction 沃尔齐格勒反应wolfram 钨wolframate 钨酸盐wolframic acid 钨酸wolframite 钨锰铁矿wollastonite 硅灰石wood adhesive 木材胶粘剂wood alcohol 木精wood ash 木灰wood cellulose 木纤维素wood charcoal 木炭wood chemistry 木材化学wood distillation 木材干馏wood fiber 木纤维wood flour 木粉wood gas 木气wood meal 木粉wood oil 桐油wood pitch 木沥青wood preservative 木材防腐剂wood pulp 木浆wood stain 木染料wood sugar 木糖wood tar 木焦油wood turpentine oil 木材松节油wood vinegar 木醋酸wood's alloy 伍德合金wood's metal 伍德合金woodward hoffmann rule 伍德沃德霍夫曼定则wool 羊毛wool fat 羊毛脂wool grease 羊毛脂wool washing 洗毛wool wax 羊毛脂woolen yarn 粗纺毛纱work hardening 加工硬化workability 和易性working electrode 工诅极working temperature 操茁度working voltage 工诅压wormwood oil 苦艾油wort 麦芽汁woulff's bottle 沃尔夫瓶wrapping 包装wrapping machine 包装机wrapping paper 包装纸writing paper 书写纸wulfenite 钼铅矿wulff process 伍尔夫法wurtz reaction 孚兹反应wurtzite 纤维锌矿x ray analysis x 射线分析x ray astronomy x 射线天文学x ray crystallography x 射线晶体学x ray diagram x 射线图x ray diffraction x 射线衍射x ray diffraction analysis x 射线衍射分析x ray diffraction camera x 射线衍射照相机x ray diffractometer x 射线衍射仪x ray diffration pattern x 射线衍射图x ray flourescence analysis x 射线荧光分析x ray goniometer x 射线测角仪x ray intensity x 射线辐射强度x ray interferometer x 射线干涉仪x ray microanalyser x 射线微区分析器x ray protected glass 防x 射线玻璃x ray spectrograph x 射线摄谱仪x ray spectrometer x 射线分光计x ray spectrometry x 射线光谱分析法x ray spectrophotometer x 射线分光光度计x ray spectroscopic analysis x 射线光谱分析x ray spectroscopy x 射线分光术x ray spectrum x 射线光谱x ray tube x 射线管x rays x 射线xanthation 黄原酸化xanthene 口山烃xanthine 黄质xanthineoxidase 黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthogenate 黄原酸盐xanthogenic acid 氧荒酸xanthone 氧杂蒽酮xanthophyll 叶黄素xanthoprotein 黄朊xanthoprotein reaction 黄色蛋白反应xanthopterin 黄蝶呤xanthotoxin 黄原毒xanthurenic acid 黄尿酸xanthydrol 口山吨氢醇xenocryst 捕获晶xenon 氙xenon lamp 氙灯xerogel 干凝胶xylan 木聚糖xylene 二甲苯xylenol 二甲苯酚xylenol blue 二甲酚蓝xylenol orange 二甲酚橙xylenol resin 二甲苯酚尸xylidine 二甲代苯胺xylitol 木糖醇xylol 二甲苯xylose 木糖yarn 纱线yeast 酵母yeast strain 酵母菌株yellow enzyme 黄酶yellow mercuric oxide 黄色氧化汞yellow phosphorus 黄磷yellow pigment 黄色素yellow precipitate 黄降汞yellow prussiate 亚铁氰化钾yellow wax 黄蜡yellow wood 黄颜木yellowing 黄色化yield 收得率yield phenomenon 屈服现象yohimbine 育亨宾yolk 蛋黄yperite 芥子气ytterbium 镱ytterbium chloride 氯化镱ytterbium hydroxide 氢氧化镱ytterbium metaphosphate 偏磷酸镱ytterbium nitrate 硝酸镱ytterbium oxide 氧化镱ytterbium oxychloride 氯氧化镱ytterbium sulfate 硫酸镱yttrium 钇yttrium bromide 溴化钇yttrium carbonate 碳酸钇yttrium chloride 氯化钇yttrium fluoride 氟化钇yttrium hydroxide 氢氧化钇yttrium iodide 碘化钇yttrium nitrate 硝酸钇yttrium oxide 氧化钇yttrium phosphate 磷酸钇yttrium sulfate 硫酸钇yttrium sulfide 硫化钇zaffer 花绀青zeeman effect 塞曼效应zein 玉米朊zeolite 泡沸石zeotrope 非共沸混合物zero adjustment 零点蝶zero group 零族zero method 零位法zero order reaction 零级反应zero point energy 零点能zero position 零位zero potential 零电势zerogel 零凝胶zeta potential 界面动电势ziegler catalyst 齐格勒催化剂zinc 锌zinc acetate 醋酸锌zinc acid 锌酸zinc arsenate 砷酸锌zinc blende 闪锌矿zinc bromide 溴化锌zinc carbonate 碳酸锌zinc chlorate 氯酸锌zinc chloride 氯化锌zinc chromate 铬酸锌zinc dust 锌粉zinc fume 锌蒸汽zinc iodide 碘化锌zinc nitrate 硝酸锌zinc oxide 氧化锌zinc oxide paper 氧化锌纸zinc peroxide 过氧化锌zinc phosphate 磷酸锌zinc phosphide 磷化锌zinc plate 锌板zinc powder 锌粉zinc sulfide 硫化锌zinc sulfite 亚硫酸锌zinc vitriol 锌矾zinc white 锌白zincate 锌酸盐zincing 镀锌zincite 红锌矿zineb 代森锌zinkenite 辉锑铅矿zircon 锆石zircon porcelain 锆英石瓷zircon refractory 锆英石耐火材料zirconate 锆酸盐zirconia 氧化锆zirconium 锆zirconium carbide 一碳化锆zirconium chloride 氯化锆zirconium dioxide 二氧化锆zirconium hydroxide 氢氧化锆zirconium nitrate 氢氧化锆zonal structure 带状构造zoochemistry 动物化学zoosterol 动物甾醇zwitter ion 两性离子zymase 酶zymogen 酶原zymology 酶学zymometer 发酵计zymosterol 霉菌甾醇。
山东理工大学化工专业英语考试资料整理
In general,ethers are good solvents for fats,waxes and resins.醚通常是脂肪蜡和树脂的良好溶剂。
The gas from coke ovens is washed with water to remove ammonia.焦炉煤气用水洗涤可除去氨。
Hydrocarbons that do not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible are called unsaturated hydrocarbons.不含有最大可能氢原于数的烃叫不饱和烃。
The functional group of a ketone consists of a carbon atom connected by a double bond to an oxygen atom.酮的官能团是由一个通过双键与氧原子相连的碳原子组成的。
When fuels burn,they return once more to the simple materials out of which they were made.燃料燃烧时,又转变成原来构成它们的那些简单的物质。
One may already have some idea of the material with which organic chemistry deals, but he may not know the extent to which organic chemistry touches on our life.也许有人已经对有机化学所涉及的物质有所了解,但是他可能并不知道有机化学触及我们日常生活已经达到什么样的程度。
A semiconductor is a material that is neither a good conductor nor a good insulator.半导体材料即不是良导体,也不是好的绝缘体。
化工专业英语Unit8
heater(管式加热器) supplies hot oil to an efficient
异构烷烃系列,CnH2n+2 。这些带有支链的烷烃在内燃 机中表现的比正构烷烃好因而是(人们)更加渴望得到 的。他们也可以通过重整、烷基化、聚合反应或者异构 化反应来制备。在原油中只有一小部分是以异构烷烃的 形式存在。
• Olefin(石蜡), or Alkene(烯烃) Series, CnH2n.
paraffins and hence are considered more
desirable. They may be formed by catalytic
reforming, alkylation, and polymerization. Only
small amounts exist in crudes.
因为它是一种几千种有机物质的混合物,所以已经证明 它可以适应我们(不断)改变的需要。
It has been adapted, through changing patterns of processing or refining, to the manufacture of a variety of fuels and through chemical changes to the manufacture of a host of pure chemical substances, the petrochemicals(石化产品) .
(期间)所采用的处理工艺包括各种个样的裂化单元(使大 分子转化为小分子的操作),如聚合、重整、氢化裂解、氢 化处理、异构化和更深度的处理——炼焦,(还有)许多其 他的设计的工艺用来改变沸点和分子的几何(形状)。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom(原子):物质的基本单位,由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant(反应物):参与化学反应的物质。
Product(物):化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst(催化剂):能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid(固体):具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid(液体):具有一定体积,无固定形状的物质。
Gas(气体):无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid(酸):在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base(碱):在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt(盐):由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution(溶液):由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent(溶剂):能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute(溶质):被溶解的物质。
Concentration(浓度):溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry(有机化学):研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group(官能团):决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer(聚合物):由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry(无机化学):研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal(晶体):具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction(氧化还原反应):涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry(物理化学):研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond(化学键):原子间相互作用力,使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics(热力学):研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry(分析化学):研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
应用化学专业英语
分析化学Analytical chemistry测定determination表征characterization参数parameter 聚合物polymer滴定titration浓度concentration定性qualitative定量quantitative化学组成chemical composition醋酸acetic acid氢气hydrogen分子化合物molecular compound共价键covalent bond氢氧化钾patassium hydroxide电负性electronegativity反应物reactant氧化数oxidation number氧化剂oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent质量守恒mass balance电荷守恒charge balance过氧化物peroide结晶crystallisation溶解度solubility母液mother liquid蒸发器evaporator冷凝器cooler 密度density浓硫酸sulfuric acid溶剂solvent蒸馏distillation冷凝器condensate回流reflux间歇操作batch operation连续操作continuous operation单元操作unit operation 闪蒸flash distillation加热器heater组分component物料衡算material balance平衡曲线equilibrium curve精馏rectification熔点melting point 沸点boiling point泡点bubble poin t露点dewpoin t再沸器reboiler分馏柱fractionating column塔底产品bottom product塔顶产品overhead produc t热交换器heat exchanger精馏段rectifying section 提留段stripping section催化剂catalyst样品sample丙酮acetone官能团functional group羧酸carboxylic acid乙醇alcohol醛aldehyde酮ketone乙酸acetic acid自然科学natural science化学过程chemical process蒸馏技术the technique of distillation化学式chemical formula结构式structural formula化学方程式chemical equation可逆反应reversible reaction放热反应exothermic reaction吸热反应endothermic reaction置换反应displacement reaction石油工业petroleum industryNaNO2 :sodium nitrite KBr:potassium bromide (NH4)2SO4:ammonium sulfate H2CO3:carbonic AL(OH)3:aluminum hydroxide FeCl3:iron(Ⅲ)chloride NaCN:sodium cyanide HNO3:nitric acid SO2:sulfur dioxide HCl:hydrochloric acid 共沸混合物zaeotrope异丙基isopropyl死硼酸盐tetraborate过饱和现象supersaturation 钠sodium盐析salting-ou t晶核nuclei衍生物derivative过渡金属transition metals锌zinc自然科学natural science中和反应neutralization reaction放热反应exothermic reaction氯乙烯v inyl chloride碳氢化合物hydrocarbon室温room temperature原子atom 分子molecule物质s ubstance元素element粒子particle组成composition有机化合物organic compound无机物inorganic substance元素周期表The periodic table of elements质子proton电子electron中子neutron原子质量atomic weight原子序数atomic number同位素isotope能级energy level惰性气体noble gas卤素sulfur活泼金属active metal碱金属alkali metal碱土金属alkali earth metal过度金属transition mental贵金属noble metal液体liquid固体solid阳离子cation阴离子antion离子化何物ionic compound硝酸铵ammonium nitrate结构式structure formula分子式molecular formula 双键double bond烷烃alkane烯烃alkene炔烃alkyne。
9-化学及化工专业英语词汇
化学及化工专业英语词汇(U-Z)ubbelohde method 乌伯娄德法ubbelohde viscometer 乌伯娄德粘度计ubiquinone 乌比醌类udex process 伍德克思法ullmann reaction 乌尔曼反应ultimate analysis 元素分析ultimate effect 后效应ultimate vacuum 极度真空ultra accelerator 超促进剂ultra high molecular weight polymer 超高分子量聚重物ultra red ray drying 红外线干燥ultracentrifuge 超离心机ultracentrifuge method 超离心法ultrafilter 超滤器ultrafilter membrane 超过滤膜ultrafiltration 超细过滤ultrafine fiber 超细纤维ultrafine particle 超细粒子ultrafine powder 超细粉ultramarine 群青ultramicro analysis 超微分析ultramicrochemistry 超微量化学ultramicron 超微粒子ultramicroscope 超倍显微镜ultrasonic flowmeter 超声波量计ultrasonic fractography 超声波断层显微分析ultrasonic wave 超声波ultraviolet absorber fixative 紫外线吸收固定剂ultraviolet photography 紫外线照相ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射ultraviolet ray microscope 紫外线显微镜ultraviolet ray transmitting glass 紫外线透过玻璃ultraviolet rays 紫外线ultraviolet spectrophotometry 紫外线分光光度测定法ultraviolet stabilizer 紫外线稳定剂umber 棕土umpire analysis 仲裁分析unbleached pulp 未漂白纸浆unbranched molecule 无支链分子unburned brick 砖坯uncertainty principle 测不准原理uncertainty relation 测不准关系uncharged species 无电荷化学种undecanal 十一醛undecane 十一烷undecanoic acid 十一酸undecyl alcohol 十一醇undecylenic acid 十一碳烯酸undecylenic alcohol 十一碳醇undecylic acid 十一酸undercoat 底涂undercooling 过冷undercure 欠硫化underexposure 照射不足underglaze color 釉底颜料underground gasification 地下气化underground water 地下水undervulcanization 欠硫化uneven dyeing 染色不匀unhairing 去毛uniaxial crystal 单轴晶体uniaxial orientation 单轴取向uniform convergence 均匀收敛uniform motion 等速运动uniformity 均质性uniformity coefficient 均匀系数unimolecular layer 单分子层unimolecular reaction 单分子反应uninflammability 不燃性union colorimeter 联合比色计union yarn 混纺纱unit cell 单位晶格unit matrix 单位矩阵unit of heat 热量单位unit operation 单元操作unit process 单元过程unit time 单位时间unitary matrix 幺正矩阵univalent 一价的univariant system 单变系universal bridge 万用电桥universal constant 通用常数universal developer 万用显影剂universal gas constant 通用气体常数universal indicator 通用指示剂unpaired electron 不成对电子unsaponifiable matter 不皂化物unsaturated bond 不饱和键unsaturated compound 不饱和化合物unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱烃unsaturated solution 不饱和溶液unsaturation 不饱和unshared electron pair 未共享电子对unstable compound 不稳定化合物unstable equilibrium 不稳定平衡unsteady state 非稳定态untreated oil 未处理油料unusual valency 异常原子价unvulcanized rubber 未硫化橡胶upflow 上流上升气流uramil 乌拉米尔uranate 铀酸盐uranic acid 铀酸uranic oxide 三氧化铀uranine 荧光素钠uraninite 晶质铀矿uranium 铀uranium dioxide 二氧化铀uranium fluoride 氟化铀uranium glass 铀玻璃uranium oxide 氧化铀uranium series 铀系uranium tetrafluoride 四氟化铀uranium trioxide 三氧化铀uranyl acetate 醋酸双氧铀uranyl chloride 氯化双氧铀uranyl compound 铀酰化合物uranyl nitrate 硝酸双氧铀uranyl salt 铀酰盐uranyl sulfate 硫酸双氧铀uranyl uranate 八氧化三铀urate 尿酸盐urea 尿素urea adduct 尿素加合物urea anhydride 氨基氰urea chloride 氨基甲酰氯urea formaldehyde resin 脲醛尸urea nitrate 硝酸脲urea resin 尿素尸urea resin varnish 尿素尸清漆urease 尿素酶ureide 酰脲urethane 尿烷urethane resin 尿烷尸uric acid 尿酸uridine 尿核甙uridine diphosphate glucose 尿甙二磷酸葡糖甙uridylic acid 尿甙酸urobilin 尿胆素urobilinogen 尿胆素原urocanic acid 尿刊酸urochrome 尿色素urokinase 尿激酶uronic acid 糖羰酸uropepsin 尿胃蛋白酶uroporphyrin 尿卟啉urotropine 乌洛托品ursodeoxycholic acid 胆烷酸ursolic acid 乌酸urushiol 漆酚used oils 废油usnic acid 松萝酸uviol glass 透紫外线玻璃uzarigenine 乌沙甙元vacancy 空格点vacant lattice point 空格点vaccine 菌苗vacuole 液泡vacuum apparatus 真空装置vacuum condensing point 真空冷凝点vacuum crystallizer 真空结晶器vacuum desiccator 真空干燥器vacuum distillation 真空蒸馏vacuum dryer 真空干燥器vacuum drying 真空干燥vacuum evaporation 真空蒸发vacuum evaporation coating 真空镀膜vacuum evaporator 真空蒸发器vacuum filter 真空过滤器vacuum filtration 真空过滤vacuum flask 真空瓶vacuum forming 真空成型vacuum gage 真空计vacuum plating 真空镀膜vacuum pump 真空泵vacuum pump oil 真空泵油vacuum technique 真空技术vacuum tube glass 真空管玻璃vacuum type insulation 真空式绝缘vadose water 渗廉vagotonine 迷走紧张素valence 价valence angle 价角valence bond 价键valence bond method 价键法valence electron 价电子valence fluctuation 原子价起伏valence force field 价力场valence isomerism 价异构性valence state 价态valence valence 离子价valency 价valency angle 价角valency control 原子价控制valentinite 锑华valeraldehyde 戊醛valeramide 戊酰胺valerianic acid 戊酸valeric acid 戊酸valerolactam 戊内酸胺valerolactone 戊内酯valeronitrile 戊腈valine 缬氨酸value of isotope mixture 同位素混合物价值valve oil 润阀油vamidothion 蚜灭多van der waals' equation of state 范德瓦耳斯状态方程van der waals' force 范德瓦耳斯力van der waals' molecule 范德瓦耳斯分子van slyke method 范斯莱克测定法vanadate 钒酸盐vanadic acid 钒酸vanadinite 钒铅矿vanadium 钒vanadium carbide 碳化钒vanadium compound 钒化合物vanadium dichloride 二氯化钒vanadium oxide 氧化钒vanadium oxytrichloride 三氯氧化钒vanadium sulfide 硫化钒vanadyl chloride 氯化氧钒vanillin 香草醛vapor bath 蒸汽浴vapor liquid equilibrium 气液平衡vapor lock 汽封vapor loss 蒸汽损失vapor nozzle 蒸汽喷嘴vapor phase 汽相vapor phase cracking 汽相热裂vapor phase polymerization 汽相聚合vapor phase reactor 汽相反应器vapor pressure 蒸汽压vapor pressure curve 蒸气压力曲线vapor pressure thermometer 蒸汽压式温度计vaporization 蒸发vaporization heat 蒸发热vaporizer 汽化器variable resistance 变阻器variational method 变分法variational principle 变分原理variety 变种varnish 清漆vaseline 凡士林vaseline oil 凡士林油vasotocin 加压催产素vat acid 隐色酸vat color 瓮染料vat dye 瓮染料vat dyeing 瓮染vector product 矢积vegetable acid 植物酸vegetable casein 植物性酪素vegetable dye 植物染料vegetable fiber 植物纤维vegetable gum 植物胶vegetable oil 植物油vegetable parchment 植物羊皮纸vegetable wax 植物蜡vehicle 载色料vellum 羊皮纸vellum paper 羊皮纸velocimeter 临仪velocity constant 速度常数velocity indicator 速度指示器veneer 胶合板vent hole 通气孔ventilation 换气ventilator 风扇venturi meter 文丘里测量计venturi scrubber 文丘里除尘器veratrine 藜芦碱veratrole 藜芦醚verdigris 铜绿verification 检验vermiculite 蛭石vermilion 银珠veronal 佛罗那vertical boiler 竖式锅炉very low temperature 超低温vesicant agent 糜烂性毒气vesicant gases 糜烂性毒气vessel 容器vetiver oil 香根草油vibrating screen 振动筛vibrating sieve 振动筛vibration 振动vibration separation 振动分级vibration viscometer 振动粘度计vibrational energy 振动能vibrational quantum number 振动量子数vibronic coupling 振动耦合vickers hardness tester 维克硬度试验机victoria green 维多利亚绿vinalon 维尼龙vinegar 醋vinometor 酒度计vinyl acetate 醋酸乙烯酯vinyl alcohol 乙烯醇vinyl chloride 氯乙烯vinyl chloride copolymer 氯乙烯共聚物vinyl cyanide 丙烯腈vinyl ester 乙烯基酯vinyl ester resin 乙烯基酯尸vinyl ether 乙烯醚vinyl fluoride 氟乙烯vinyl formate 甲酸乙烯酯vinyl isobutyl ether 乙烯基异丁基醚vinyl polymer 乙烯基聚合物vinyl resin 乙烯基尸vinyl salicylate 水杨酸乙烯酯vinylacetylene 乙烯基乙炔vinylamine 乙烯胺vinylation 乙烯化vinylidene chloride 偏二氯乙烯vinylon 维尼纶vinyltoluene 甲苯乙烯vinyon 维尼昂vioform 氯碘喹啉violanthrone 蒽酮紫violet pigment 紫色颜料viomycin 紫霉素virial 维里virial coefficient 维里系数virial expansion 维里展开virtual memory 虚存储virus 病毒visbreaking 减粘裂化viscoelasticity 粘弹性viscoelastometer 粘弹计viscometer 粘度计viscometric degree of polymerization 粘度法聚合度viscose 粘胶液viscose process 粘胶法viscose rayon 粘胶法人造丝viscose yarn 粘胶丝viscosity 粘度viscosity breaking 减粘裂化viscosity gravity constant 粘度比重常数viscosity index 粘度指数viscosity index improver 粘度指数改善剂viscosity law 粘度法则viscosity stabilization 粘度稳定化viscous flow 滞流粘性流viscous fluid 粘滞铃viscous force 粘力viscous liquid 粘性液体visible rays 可见光线visual colorimeter 目测比色计visual method 目视法visual pigment 视色素vitamin 维生素vitamin b26 潘氨酸vitamin b3 核黄素vitamin d 钙化醇vitamin k2 叶绿醌vitamin k4 甲萘醌vitamin pp 烟酰胺vitamine b2 硫胺素vitellin 卵黄磷朊vitrain 镜煤vitreous state 玻璃态vitrification 玻璃化vitrification range 瓷化温度范围vitrified brick 烧结砖vitrit 镜煤型vivianite 蓝铁矿void 空隙voidage 空隙度volatile acid 挥发酸volatile matter 挥发物volatile oil 精油volatile solvent 挥发性溶剂volatility 挥发度volatility product 挥发度积volatilization 挥发volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic rock 火山岩volta cell 电池voltage 电压voltage drop 电压降voltage stabilizer 电压稳定器voltammetry 伏安测量法voltmeter 电压表voltol oil 高压电油volume 容积volume density 体积密度volume elasticity 体积弹性volume fraction 体积分率volume percent 容积百分数volume resistance 体积阻力volume viscosity 体积粘性volumeter 体积计volumetric analysis 容量分析volumetric factor 容量因数volumetric flask 量瓶volumetric solution 滴定液vomiting gas 呕吐性毒气vortex 涡流vorticity 涡度vulcanite 硬橡胶vulcanizate 硫化橡胶vulcanization 硫化vulcanization accelerator 硫化促进剂vulcanization coefficient 硫化系数vulcanization curve 硫化曲线vulcanization rate 硫化速率vulcanization retarder 阻硫化剂vulcanized fiber 硬化纸板vulcanized oil 硫化油vulcanized rubber 硫化橡胶vulcanizer 硫化器硫化装置vulcanizing agent 硫化剂vulcanizing apparatus 硫化器硫化装置vulcanizing press 加压硫化机vultex 硫化橡浆wagner meerwein rearrangement 瓦米重排酌wagner reagent 瓦格纳试剂wake 尾流walden's inversion 瓦耳登转化walden's law 瓦尔登规则wall friction 墙面摩擦wall lining 墙衬wall paint 墙漆wall plaster 刷墙粉wallach reaction 瓦拉赫反应wallach rearrangement 瓦拉赫换位wallantoin 尿囊素walnut oil 核桃油wandering of zero point 零点偏移war gas 毒气战剂warfarin 杀鼠灵wash oil 洗油washed coal 洗煤washed ore 洗矿washer 洗涤器washing 洗涤washing agent 去垢剂washing bottle 洗涤瓶washing effect 洗涤效应washing liquid 洗涤液washing powder 洗涤粉washing soap 洗衣皂washing soda 苏打晶体waste 废物waste acid 废酸waste gas 废气waste heat 废热waste heat boiler 废热锅炉waste lye 废液waste oil 废油waste oil regeneration 废油再生waste paper 废纸waste product 废产物waste rubber 废橡胶waste water 废水watch glass 表面皿watch oil 钟表油water absorbing capacity 吸水本领water absorbing power 吸水能力water absorption 吸水率water absorption tube 吸水管water analysis 水分析water bacteria 水生细菌water bath 水浴water cement ratio 水灰比water circulation 水循环water color 水合颜料water content 含水量water cooler 水冷却器water cooling 水冷却water coulombmeter 水解电量计water electrolyser 水电解槽water electrolysis 水电解water equivalent 水当量water gage 水位指示器water gas 水煤气water gas generator 水煤气发生器water gas reaction 水煤气反应water glass 水玻璃water jacket 水冷套water level 水准water line paint 水线涂料water measuring tube 量水管water meter 水量计water of crystallization 结晶水water of hydration 水合水water paint 水性漆water permeability 渗水性water pipe 水管water purification 水的净化water purifier 净水器water purifying plant 净水设备water repellent 防水剂water resistance 抗水性water seal 水封water separator 水分离器water softener 软水剂water softening 水的软化water softening apparatus 水软化器water soluble oil 水溶性油water soluble vitamin 水溶性维生素water solution 水溶液water tank 水槽water test 水的试验water tube boiler 水管锅炉water vapor 水蒸汽water vapor permeability 水蒸汽渗透性waterproof agent 防水剂waterproof paint 防水涂料watt 瓦wave equation 波动方程wave function 波动函数wave height 波高wave number 波数wave optics 波动光学wavelength 波长wavellite 银星石wax 蜡wax bleaching 蜡漂白wax candle 蜡烛wax cement 蜡胶粘剂wax fractionation 蜡分馏wax paper 蜡纸waxing 上蜡weak acid 弱酸weak base 弱碱weak complex compound 弱络合物weak electrolyte 弱电解质wear 磨耗weatherability 耐气候性weathering 风化酌weathering test 风化试验weaving 编织weed killer 除草剂weighing 称量weighing accuracy 称量准确度weighing bottle 称瓶weighing buret 量滴定管weight distribution curve 重量分布曲线weight loss on heating 加热失重weight percent 重量百分数weights 法码weissenberg effect 韦森堡效应welding 焊接welding process 焊接法wernerite 方柱石weston normal cell 韦斯顿标准电池wet analysis 湿法分析wet and dry bulb hygrometer 干湿球湿度表wet assay 湿分析法wet blending 湿掺和wet box 湿气箱wet bulb thermometer 湿球温度表wet cell 湿电池wet collodion process 湿珂珞酊法wet gas 湿气wet grinder 湿磨机wet grinding 湿磨wet grinding mill 湿磨机wet process 湿法wet purification 湿式提净wet quenching 湿淬火wet rotary mill 湿式转磨碎机wet spinning 湿法纺丝wet steam 湿蒸汽wet sterilization 蒸汽杀菌wet strength 湿强度wet vapor 湿蒸汽wettability 可湿性wetting 润湿wetting agent 湿润剂wetting power 润湿力whale oil 鲸油wheat starch 小麦淀粉wheel ore 车轮矿whey 乳清whirepool elutriation 涡液洗浮分析法white arsenic 砒霜white bole 瓷土white cement 白水泥white discharge 拔白印花white factice 白油膏white garnet 白榴石white gold 白金white heat 白热white lead 铅白white lead ore 白铅矿white liquor 白液white oil 白油white pigment 白色颜料white precipitate 白降汞white spirit 石油溶剂white sugar 白糖whiting 白垩whole milk 全乳whole pipet 移液吸管wide mouthed bottle 广口瓶wild rubber 野生橡胶wild yeast 野生酵母willemite 硅锌矿williamson's synthesis 威廉逊合成wilson cloud chamber 威尔逊云室wine vinegar 葡萄酒醋winkler gas generator 温克勒煤气发生器winkler gasifier 温克勒煤气发生器winkler titraion 温克勒滴定winter oil 耐冻油wintergreen oil 冬青油wire 金属丝wire brush 钢丝刷wire gauze 铁丝网wire glass 铁丝网玻璃wire screen 网筛wire sieve 网筛witherite 碳酸钡矿witt theory 威特理论wohl ziegler reaction 沃尔齐格勒反应wolfram 钨wolframate 钨酸盐wolframic acid 钨酸wolframite 钨锰铁矿wollastonite 硅灰石wood adhesive 木材胶粘剂wood alcohol 木精wood ash 木灰wood cellulose 木纤维素wood charcoal 木炭wood chemistry 木材化学wood distillation 木材干馏wood fiber 木纤维wood flour 木粉wood gas 木气wood meal 木粉wood oil 桐油wood pitch 木沥青wood preservative 木材防腐剂wood pulp 木浆wood stain 木染料wood sugar 木糖wood tar 木焦油wood turpentine oil 木材松节油wood vinegar 木醋酸wood's alloy 伍德合金wood's metal 伍德合金woodward hoffmann rule 伍德沃德霍夫曼定则wool 羊毛wool fat 羊毛脂wool grease 羊毛脂wool washing 洗毛wool wax 羊毛脂woolen yarn 粗纺毛纱work hardening 加工硬化workability 和易性working electrode 工诅极working temperature 操茁度working voltage 工诅压wormwood oil 苦艾油wort 麦芽汁woulff's bottle 沃尔夫瓶wrapping 包装wrapping machine 包装机wrapping paper 包装纸writing paper 书写纸wulfenite 钼铅矿wulff process 伍尔夫法wurtz reaction 孚兹反应wurtzite 纤维锌矿x ray analysis x 射线分析x ray astronomy x 射线天文学x ray crystallography x 射线晶体学x ray diagram x 射线图x ray diffraction x 射线衍射x ray diffraction analysis x 射线衍射分析x ray diffraction camera x 射线衍射照相机x ray diffractometer x 射线衍射仪x ray diffration pattern x 射线衍射图x ray flourescence analysis x 射线荧光分析x ray goniometer x 射线测角仪x ray intensity x 射线辐射强度x ray interferometer x 射线干涉仪x ray microanalyser x 射线微区分析器x ray protected glass 防x 射线玻璃x ray spectrograph x 射线摄谱仪x ray spectrometer x 射线分光计x ray spectrometry x 射线光谱分析法x ray spectrophotometer x 射线分光光度计x ray spectroscopic analysis x 射线光谱分析x ray spectroscopy x 射线分光术x ray spectrum x 射线光谱x ray tube x 射线管x rays x 射线xanthation 黄原酸化xanthene 口山烃xanthine 黄质xanthineoxidase 黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthogenate 黄原酸盐xanthogenic acid 氧荒酸xanthone 氧杂蒽酮xanthophyll 叶黄素xanthoprotein 黄朊xanthoprotein reaction 黄色蛋白反应xanthopterin 黄蝶呤xanthotoxin 黄原毒xanthurenic acid 黄尿酸xanthydrol 口山吨氢醇xenocryst 捕获晶xenon 氙xenon lamp 氙灯xerogel 干凝胶xylan 木聚糖xylene 二甲苯xylenol 二甲苯酚xylenol blue 二甲酚蓝xylenol orange 二甲酚橙xylenol resin 二甲苯酚尸xylidine 二甲代苯胺xylitol 木糖醇xylol 二甲苯xylose 木糖yarn 纱线yeast 酵母yeast strain 酵母菌株yellow enzyme 黄酶yellow mercuric oxide 黄色氧化汞yellow phosphorus 黄磷yellow pigment 黄色素yellow precipitate 黄降汞yellow prussiate 亚铁氰化钾yellow wax 黄蜡yellow wood 黄颜木yellowing 黄色化yield 收得率yield phenomenon 屈服现象yohimbine 育亨宾yolk 蛋黄yperite 芥子气ytterbium 镱ytterbium chloride 氯化镱ytterbium hydroxide 氢氧化镱ytterbium metaphosphate 偏磷酸镱ytterbium nitrate 硝酸镱ytterbium oxide 氧化镱ytterbium oxychloride 氯氧化镱ytterbium sulfate 硫酸镱yttrium 钇yttrium bromide 溴化钇yttrium carbonate 碳酸钇yttrium chloride 氯化钇yttrium fluoride 氟化钇yttrium hydroxide 氢氧化钇yttrium iodide 碘化钇yttrium nitrate 硝酸钇yttrium oxide 氧化钇yttrium phosphate 磷酸钇yttrium sulfate 硫酸钇yttrium sulfide 硫化钇zaffer 花绀青zeeman effect 塞曼效应zein 玉米朊zeolite 泡沸石zeotrope 非共沸混合物zero adjustment 零点蝶zero group 零族zero method 零位法zero order reaction 零级反应zero point energy 零点能zero position 零位zero potential 零电势zerogel 零凝胶zeta potential 界面动电势ziegler catalyst 齐格勒催化剂zinc 锌zinc acetate 醋酸锌zinc acid 锌酸zinc arsenate 砷酸锌zinc blende 闪锌矿zinc bromide 溴化锌zinc carbonate 碳酸锌zinc chlorate 氯酸锌zinc chloride 氯化锌zinc chromate 铬酸锌zinc dust 锌粉zinc fume 锌蒸汽zinc iodide 碘化锌zinc nitrate 硝酸锌zinc oxide 氧化锌zinc oxide paper 氧化锌纸zinc peroxide 过氧化锌zinc phosphate 磷酸锌zinc phosphide 磷化锌zinc plate 锌板zinc powder 锌粉zinc sulfide 硫化锌zinc sulfite 亚硫酸锌zinc vitriol 锌矾zinc white 锌白zincate 锌酸盐zincing 镀锌zincite 红锌矿zineb 代森锌zinkenite 辉锑铅矿zircon 锆石zircon porcelain 锆英石瓷zircon refractory 锆英石耐火材料zirconate 锆酸盐zirconia 氧化锆zirconium 锆zirconium carbide 一碳化锆zirconium chloride 氯化锆zirconium dioxide 二氧化锆zirconium hydroxide 氢氧化锆zirconium nitrate 氢氧化锆zonal structure 带状构造zoochemistry 动物化学zoosterol 动物甾醇zwitter ion 两性离子zymase 酶zymogen 酶原zymology 酶学zymometer 发酵计zymosterol 霉菌甾醇。
化工专业英语课件
• Manufacture of chemicals in the mid-19th century consisted of modest craft operations. • Craft 工艺;手艺;技巧;技能
• Increase in demand,public concern at the emission of noxious effluents,and competition between rival processes provided the incentives for greater
• The laws of physical chemistry and physics govern
the practicability and efficiency of chemical engineering operations. • Practicability 实用性
• Energy changes,deriving from thermodynamic considerations, are particulary important.
• The number of unit operation-the building blocks of a chemical plant-is not large.
• The complexity arises from the variety of conditions under which the unit operations are conducted.
Specialized English for chemistry
Chemical Enineering and Technology
化工专业英语-Unit-Operations-in-Chemical-Engineering教学文稿
化工专业英语-U n i t-O p e r a t i o n s-i n-C h e m i c a l-E n g i n e e r i n gUnit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering化学工程中的单元操作化学工程由不同顺序的步骤组成,这些步骤的原理与被操作的物料以及该特殊体系的其他特征无关。
在设计一个过程中,如果(研究)步骤得到认可,那么所用每一步骤可以分别进行研究。
有些步骤为化学反应,而其他步骤为物理变化。
化学工程的可变通性(versatility)源于将一复杂过程的分解为单个的物理步骤(叫做单元操作)和化学反应的实践。
化学工程中单元操作的概念基于这种哲学观点:各种不同顺序的步骤可以减少为简单的操作或反应。
不管所处理的物料如何,这些简单的操作或反应基本原理(fundamentals)是相同的。
这一原理,在美国化学工业发展期间先驱者来说是明显的,首先由A.D.Lttle于1915年明确提出:任何化学过程,不管所进行的规模如何,均可分解为(be resolved into)一系列的相同的单元操作,如:粉碎、混合、加热、烘烤、吸收、压缩、沉淀、结晶、过滤、溶解、电解等等。
这些基本单元操作(的数目)为数不多,任何特殊的过程中包含其中的几种。
化学工程的复杂性来自于条件(温度、压力等等)的多样性,在这些条件下,单元操作以不同的过程进行,同时其复杂性来自于限制条件,如由反应物质的物化特征所规定的结构材料和设备的设计。
最初列出的单元操作,引用的是上述的十二种操作,不是所有的操作都可视为单元操作。
从那时起,确定了其他单元操作,过去确定的速度适中,但是近来速度加快。
流体流动、传热、蒸馏、润湿、气体吸收、沉降、分粒、搅拌以及离心得到了认可。
近年来,对新技术的不断理解以及古老但很少使用的分离技术的采用,引起了分离、处理操作或生产过程步骤上的数量不断增加,在多种操作中,这些操作步骤在使用时不要大的改变。
化工专业英语翻译(全21单元)
化学工程与工艺专业英语课文翻译Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业 ...................................................................................... - 1 -Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发................................................................... - 3 -Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作............................ - 5 -Unit 4 Sources of Chemicals化学资源 ................................................................................. - 7 -Unit 5 Basic Chemicals基本化学品...................................................................................... - 9 -Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes氯碱及其相关过程.......................................... - 10 -Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea氯、硝酸和尿素 ................................................... - 12 -Unit 8 Petroleum Processing石油加工 .............................................................................. - 15 -Unit 9 Polymers 聚合物 ................................................................................................... - 16 -Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学 .............................................. - 18 -Unit 11 Chemical and Process Thermodynamics化工热力学 ........................................... - 21 -Unit 12 What do we mean by transport phenomena ?如何定义传递现象 ...................... - 23 -Unit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering化学工程中的单元操作...................... - 24 -Unit14 Distillation蒸馏....................................................................................................... - 26 -Unit 15 Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Adsorption溶剂萃取,浸取和吸附................ - 28 -Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying蒸发、结晶和干燥................................. - 31 -Unit 17 Chemical Reaction Engineering化学反应工程 ..................................................... - 33 -Unit18 Chemical Engineering Modeling化工建模 ............................................................. - 36 -Unit 19 Introduction to Process Design过程设计简介...................................................... - 37 -Unit 20 Material Science and Chemical Engineer材料科学和化学工程........................... - 39 -Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment化学工业与环境 ......................................... - 42 -Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代,我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代(才开始的)。
《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering
Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学In a wider sense, engineering may be defined as a scientific presentation of the techniques and facilities used in a particular industry. For example, mechanical engineering refers to the techniques and facilities employed to make machines. It is predominantly based on mechanical forces which are used to change the appearance and/or physical properties of the materials being worked, while their chemical properties are left unchanged. Chemical engineering encompasses the chemical processing of raw materials, based on chemical and physico-chemical phenomena of high complexity.广义来讲,工程学可以定义为对某种工业所用技术和设备的科学表达。
例如,机械工程学涉及的是制造机器的工业所用技术和设备。
它优先讨论的是机械力,这种作用力可以改变所加工对象的外表或物理性质而不改变其化学性质。
化学工程学包括原材料的化学过程,以更为复杂的化学和物理化学现象为基础。
Thus, chemical engineering is that branch of engineering which is concerned with the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical processes.因此,化学工程学是工程学的一个分支,它涉及工业化化学过程中工厂和机器的设计、制造、和操作的研究。
电子教案与课件:《化工专业英语》 Unit11
Treatment plants are assembled from combinations of unit processes, and as the range of available unit processes is large, by using a suitable combination of the available processes, it is possible to produce a final effluent of a specified quality from almost any type of influent wastewater.
虽然它不再含有总固体,但它确实还含矿料、淤泥、砂和砾石 的混合物,以及金属、玻璃甚至致密塑料的碎片。
They need to be removed from the influent wastewater to prevent pump damage and silting.
它们需要从流入的废水中除去,以防止泵损坏和淤塞。
虽然这通常在初沉池阶段进行,但是可以通过采用溶解的空气 或氮气的特殊装置来进行辅助。
Compressed air is fed into the wastewater and fully mixed. Very small bubbles are formed that attach to the solid, increasing their buoyancy, and lifting them out of the water to form a thick surface layer of solids known as float.
Where the float is to be used either for animal or human consumption, then natural organic flocculants such as chitosan, carrageenan, lignosulphonic acid, or their derivatives, are used.
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单元操作Unit operation单元操作是化学工业和其他过程工业中进行的物料粉碎、输送、加热、冷却、混合和分离等一系列使物料发生预期的物理变化的基本操作的总称。
对这些操作的研究,是化学工程的一个重要分支。
各种单元操作依据不同的物理化学原理,应用相应的设备,达到各自的工艺目的。
如蒸馏根据液体混合物中各组分挥发能力的差异,可以实现液体混合物中各组分分离或某组分提纯的目的。
对单元操作的研究,以物理化学、传递过程和化工热力学为理论基础,着重研究实现各单元操作的过程和设备,故单元操作又称为化工过程及设备。
单元操作的应用遍及化工、冶金、能源、食品、轻工、核能和环境保护等部门,对这些部门生产的大型化和现代化起着重要作用。
Unit operation is a general term for a series of material handling, transportation, heating, cooling, mixing and separation of materials in the chemical industry and other process industries. The study of these operations is an important branch of chemical engineering. Various unit operations according to different physical and chemical principles, the application of the corresponding equipment, to achieve the purpose of their respective processes. Such as distillation according to the difference of the volatile capacity of the liquid mixture, can achieve the purpose of separation of components in liquid mixture or a group of purification. Based on the theory of physical chemistry, transfer process and chemical thermodynamics, the research on the operation of the unit has focused on the process and equipment of realizing the operation of each unit, so the unit operation is also called the chemical process and equipment. Application of unit operation in chemical industry, metallurgy, energy, food, light industry, nuclear energy and environmental protection departments, the production of these departments and the modernization of large-scale play an important role.单元操作沿革Unit operation evolution单元操作在化学工业的发展过程中,人们最初以具体产品为对象,分别进行各种产品的生产过程和设备的研究。
随着化工生产的发展,人们逐渐认识到,各种不同产品的生产过程是由为数不多的基本操作和各种化学反应过程所组成的。
在19世纪末英国学者G.E.戴维斯便提出了这种观点,但当时未引起足够重视。
1915年美国学者A.D.利特尔首先提出单元操作这一概念,明确指出:“任何化工生产过程不论规模如何,皆可分解为一系列名为单元操作的过程,例如粉碎、混合、加热、吸收、冷凝、浸取、沉降、结晶、过滤等。
” 1923年W.H.华克尔,W.K.刘易斯和W.H.麦克亚当斯等合著的《化工原理》一书出版,成为第一本全面阐述单元操作的著作。
从此单元操作得到了广泛重视,成为化学工程中的奠基学科,常称为化工原理。
Unit operation in the chemical industry development process, people first to specific products as the object, respectively, a variety of products, the production process and equipment. With the development of chemical industry, people come to realize that the production process of various kinds of products is composed of a few basic operations and a variety of chemical reactions. At the end of the nineteenth Century British scholar G.E. Davies put forward this view, but did not cause enough attention. In 1915, American scholar A.D. Littell first proposed the concept of unit operation, clearly pointed out: "any chemical production process regardless of size, can be decomposed into a series of unit operation process, such as crushing, mixing, heating, condensation, absorption, extraction, crystallization, filtration, sedimentation." 1923 W.H. Hua Kerr, W.K. Lewis and W.H. Mcadams, CO authored the "chemical principles," a book published, became the first comprehensive exposition of the work of the unit operation. Since the unit operation has been widely valued and become the foundation of chemical engineering disciplines, often referred to as the principle of chemical engineering.单元操作分类Unit operation classification随着化工生产的发展,单元操作的研究和开发相当活跃,新的单元操作不断形成。
现在化工生产中常用的单元操作已达二十余种(见表)。
单元操作按照所依据的基本原理分为:①流体动力过程。
这是一类以动量传递为主要理论基础的单元操作,有流体输送、沉降、过滤、混合等。
②传热过程。
这是一类以热量传递为主要理论基础的单元操作,有换热、蒸发等。
③传质分离过程。
这是一类以质量传递为主要理论基础的单元操作,用于各种均相混合物的分离,有蒸馏、吸收、萃取等。
④热质传递过程。
这是一类由热量传递和质量传递两种规律共同决定的单元操作。
这种过程与传热过程或传质分离过程不同,它的速率计算更加复杂,过程的极限也不再是热平衡和相平衡。
此过程包括增湿、减湿、干燥、结晶等单元操作。
⑤热力过程。
这是一类以热力学为主要理论基础的单元操作,如制冷。
⑥粉体工程。
这是与固体颗粒加工、运动等有关的操作,有粉碎、流态化、颗粒分级等。
With the development of chemical industry, the research and development of unit operation is quite active. Now commonly used in chemical production unit operation has reached more than twenty (see table). According to the basic principle, the unit operation is divided into: 1. This is a kind of unit operation based on the momentum transfer as the main theoretical basis. It has the fluid transportation, sedimentation, filtration, mixing and so on. Heat transfer process. This is a class of heat transfer as the main theoretical basis of the unit operation, there is heat exchange, evaporation, etc.. Mass transfer separation process. It is a kind of unit operation, which is based on the mass transfer as the main theoretical basis. Itis used for the separation of homogeneous mixtures, such as distillation, absorption, extraction and so on. The heat and mass transfer process. This is a class by the heat transfer and mass transfer of the two kinds of law together determine the operation of the unit. This process is different from the process of heat transfer and mass transfer, its rate calculation is more complicated, and the limit of the process is no longer thermal equilibrium and phase equilibrium. This process includes the increase of humidity, humidity, drying, crystallization and other elements of the operation. The thermodynamic process. This is a kind of unit operation based on thermodynamics as the main theoretical basis, such as. The powder engineering. This is related to the operation of solid particles, movement, etc., there are crushing, fluidization, particle classification, etc..单元操作发展Unit operation development随着化学工业的发展,单元操作一直处在不断的发展之中,其中最活跃的领域是混合物的分离。