常用临床医学英文术语
常用临床医学术语6
·take effect[见效]·take……for[把……当做]·take……for granted[认为……理所当然的]·take in [吸收]·take……into account(consideration)[考虑到]·take part in [参加]·take place[发生]·take precaution against[预防]·take shape [成形]·take steps [采取措施]·take medicine[服药]·take the place of[代替]·take turns[轮流(换班)]·ten to one[很有可能]·tend to(towards)[倾向于]·thanks to[幸亏]·that is to say[就是说(即)]·the former……the latter[前者……后者]·think light(little)of[认为……不重要]·think much of[重视]·to and fro[往复，来回]·to be short[简言之]·to date[至今]·to our knowledge[据我们所知]·to the contrary[相反]·to the disaldvantage of[对……不利]·to the end (last) [到底]·to the point[中肯]·turn back[折回]·turn into[变成]·under consideration[在考虑之中的]·under development[正在研制]·under discussion[在讨论中]·under observation[在观察中]·used to[习惯于]·void of[没有……的]·warm up [兴奋]·wash well[耐洗]·watch out[注意]·wear and tear[耗损]·wear out[用坏(变旧)]·wipe out[擦去]·with the purpose that[为的是(为了)]·without avail[无益]·without doubt[毫无疑问]·without effct[无效]·without reserve[无保留地]·work in with[和……协调]·work on (away)[继续工作]·work on (upon)[影响]·work out[制订(做出)]·year after(by) year[一年一年地]·year in and year out [一年到头]·yield to[听从于(让步于)]·zealous for[热望]·zealous in[热心于]2、双词医学术语·abdominal delivery[剖腹产]·active stage [活动期]·advanced stage[晚期]·air tube [呼吸道]·alarm reaction[紧急反应]·alimentary anemia[营养性贫血]·alimentary toxicosis[食物中毒]·angina pectoris[心绞痛] ·ardent fever[高热]·artificial labor[引产]·attending physician[主治医师]·bad breath[口臭]·birth injury[产伤]·blood group[血型]·bottle feeding[人工喂养]·breast pump[吸乳器]·bronchic cell[肺泡]·bypass technique[分流术]·cesarean section[剖腹产术]·clinical jaundice[显性黄疸]·closed (open) fracture[闭合性（开放性）骨折]·coated tablet[包衣片]·cold injury[冻伤]·coutrast medium[造影剂]·culture medium[培养基]·dead time[失效期]·differential diagnosis[鉴别诊断]·dominant heredity[显性遗传]·emergency tracheotomy[紧急气管切开术]·emergency room[急诊室]·emergency theory [应急学说]·equivalent weight[当量]·exertion dyspnea[活动性呼吸困难]·family planning[计划生育]·first finger[拇指]·first-aid station[急救站]·focal lesion[局灶性损损害]·full diet[普通饮食]·general immunity[全身免疫]·gross lesion[肉眼损害]·heart failure[心衰]·horizontal position[平卧位]·hunger edema[营养不良性水肿]·indirect hernia[斜疝]·internal organs[内脏]·life insurance[人寿保险]·life span[寿命]·lung field[肺野]·pigeon chest[鸡胸]·plain film[平片]·primary anesthesia[基础麻醉]·primary cancer[原发癌]·primary(second) sex characters[第一（二）性特征] ·preclinical medicine[基础医学]·prolonged labor[滞产]·remote infarct[陈旧性心梗]·sensible (insensible) perspiration[显性（隐性）出汗] ·specific gravity[比重]·still birth[死产]·subtotal gastrectomy[胃大部切除术]·surgical abdomen[急腹症]·table salt[食盐]·theatre nurse[手术室护士]·threatened abortion[先兆流产]·vital sign[生命体征]·wet brain[脑水肿]·wet lung[肺水肿]附5 英语问诊常用句子·Hello.may (can) I help you?[您好，我可以帮您吗？] ·What seems to be bothering you?[您觉得哪儿不舒服？] ·Do you have a record?[您有病历吗？]·I`ll transfer you to the surgery department.[我给您转到外科去]·what`s wrong with you?[您怎么了？]·Sit down, please.[请坐]·When did the symptom begin ?[症状是什么时候开始的？]·Are you bring anything up when you cough?[咳嗽时有痰吗？] ·Have you had any chills (chest pain)?[您有发冷（胸痛）吗？] ·Have you ever coughed up blood[您咳血过吗？]·All right. Let me examine you. Would you mind taking off your coat?[好吧。
常用临床医学术语3
·serum monoamine oxidase (S-MAO)[血清单胺氧化酶]·serum cholinesterase (S-ChE)[血清胆碱酯酶]·serum ceruloplasmin[血清铜蓝蛋白]·serum α 1 -antitrypsin (S-α1A T)[血清α1抗胰蛋白酶]·serum protein[血清蛋白]·albumin[白蛋白]·globulin[球蛋白]·serum cholesterol esters[血清胆固醇酯]·blood ammonia[血氨]·serum bilirubin[血清胆红素]·serum bile acid[血清胆汁酸]7、其他[the others]·lunch test[试餐试验]·serum amylase[血清淀粉酶]·uric amylase[尿淀粉酶]·serum lipase[血清脂肪酶]·serum methemalbumin[血清高铁血白蛋白]·serum total cholesterol(CHOL)[血清总胆固醇]·serum triglyceride(TG)[血清甘油三酯]·serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)[血清高密度脂蛋白]·serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)[血清低密度脂蛋白]·serum free fatty acids(FFA)[血清游离脂肪酸]·serum creatin phosphokinase (S-CPK)[血清肌酸磷酸激酶]·serum CPK isoenzymes[血清肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶]·serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(S-GOT)[血清谷草转氨酶]·serum lactate dehydrogenase(S-LDH)[血清乳酸脱氢酶]·serum LDH isoenzymes[血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶]·serum potassium [血清钾]·血清钠[serum sodium]·serum chloride[血清氯]·serum calcium[血清钙]·inorganic phosphorum[无机磷]·serum magnesium[血清镁]·examination of malarial parasite from blood (bone marrow)smear[血（骨髓）涂片找原虫]·filaria examination from blood[血中找丝虫]·vitamin A assay[维生素A测定]·vitamin B1 assay[维生素B1测定]·vitamin B2assay[维生素B2测定]·Nicotinic acid assay[烟酸测定]·vitamin B6 assay[维生素B6]·vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12]·vitamin C assay[维生素C测定]·vitamin E assay[维生素E测定]·blood grouping [血型鉴定]·cross matching[交叉配合]·transfusion[输血]·A blood group[A血型]·B blood group[B血型]·AB blood group[AB血型]·O blood group[O血型]·Rh blood group[Rh 血型]8、内分泌试验[endocrine test]·luteinizing hormone(LH)[黄体生成素]·thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)[促甲状腺激素]·growth hormone(GH)[生长激素]·prolactin[催乳素]·adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)[促肾上腺皮质激素]·follicular stimulating hormone(FSH)[卵泡剌激素]·serum protein-bound iodine assay(PBI)[血清蛋白结合碘测定] ·total 3,5,3`,5`-tetraiodothyronine(TT4)[总甲状腺素]·total 3,5,3`-triiodothyronine(TT3)[总三碘甲状腺原氨酸]·determina-tion of free T4and free T3[游离甲状腺素和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸测定]·thyroxine-binding globulin as-say[甲状腺素结合球蛋白测定]·thyroidal uptake rate of 131I[甲状腺摄131碘率]·T3 suppression test[三碘甲状腺原氨酸抑制试验]·thyroid scintiscan[甲状腺闪烁扫描]·basal metabolic rate(BMR)[基础代谢率]·parathyroid hormone assay[甲状旁腺激素测定]·determination of calcitonin[降钙素测定]·urine 17-ketosteroids assay(17-KS)[尿17-酮类固醇测定]·urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroids assay(17-OHCS)[尿17-羟皮质类固醇测定]·urine free cortisol assay[尿游离皮质醇测定]·plasma cortisol assay[血浆皮质醇测定]·aldosterone assay[醛固酮测定]·corticosterone assay[皮质酮测定]·urine pregnanetriol assay[尿孕三醇测定]·ACTH stimulating test[促肾上腺皮质激素兴奋试验]·dexamethasone suppression test[地塞米松抑制试验]·urine catecholamine assay[尿儿茶酚胺测定]·urine vanillyl mandelic acid(VMA)[尿香草基杏仁酸]·testosterone assay[睾酮测定]·estradiol assay[雌二醇测定]·blood glucose assay[血糖测定]·glucose tolerance test(GTT)[葡萄糖耐量试验]·insulin releasing test[胰岛素释放试验]·serum C-peptide assay[血清C肽测定]·glucagon assay[胰升血糖素测定]·glycosylated hemoglobin assay[糖化血红蛋白测定]·plasma renin activity assay[血浆肾素活性测定]·5-hydroxytryptamine assay[5-羟色胺测定]·cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)[环磷酸腺苷测定]·cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)[环磷酸鸟苷测定]·prostaglandin assay(PG)[前列腺素测定]9、免疫学检查[immunological examination]·HbsAg[乙型肝炎表面抗原]·HbeAg[乙型肝炎e抗原]·anti-HBs[乙型肝炎表面抗体]·anti-HBc[乙型肝炎核心抗体]·anti-Hbe[乙型肝炎e抗体]·heterophil agglutination test[嗜异性凝集试验]·EB virus capsid antigen-lgA(VCA-lgA)[EB病毒壳抗原igA 抗体]·immunofluorescent anti-body test for epidemic hemorrhagic fever[流行性出血热免疫荧火抗体试验]·Weil-Felix reaction[外裴氏反应]·complement fixation test for Q fever[Q热补体结合试验]·cold agglutination test[冷凝集试验]·widal`s reaction[肥达氏反应]·Brucella agglutination test[布氏杆菌凝集试验]·antistreptolysin-O(ASO)[抗链球菌溶血素“O”]·serological test for syphilis[梅毒血清学试验]·Wassermann reaction[华氏反应]·[康氏试验Kahn test]·agglutination hemolysis test for leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病血清凝集溶解试验]·intradermal test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病皮内试验]·circumoval precipitin test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病环卵沉淀试验]·cercarien hullen reaction for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病尾蚴膜反应]·indirect hemagglutination test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病间接血凝试验]·enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病酶联免疫吸附试验]·intradermal test for paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病皮内试验]·casoni`s intradermal test[包虫病皮内试验]·serum C-reactive protein(CRP)[血清C反应蛋白]·α-fetoprotein(AFP)[甲种胎儿蛋白]·carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)[癌胚抗原]·E-rosette formation test[E花环形成试验]·lymphocyte transformation test(LTT)[淋巴细胞转化试验]·macrophage migration inhibition test(MMIT)[巨噬细胞移动抑制试验]·EAC-rosette formation test[EAC花环形成试验]·netroblue tetrazalium (NBT) reduction test[硝基蓝四氮唑还原试验]·determination of macrophage phagocytic function[巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定]·mixed lymphocytes culture test (LCT)[混合淋巴细胞培养试验]·serum immunoglobulin assay(Ig)[血清免球蛋白测定]·lg G[免疫球蛋白G]·lg A[免疫球蛋白A]·Ig M[免疫球蛋白M]·Ig D[免疫球蛋白D]·Ig E[免疫球蛋白E]·cryoglobulin test[冷球蛋白试验]·complement assay[补体测定]·circulating immune complex assay (CIC)[循环免疫复合物测定]·antinuclear antibodies assay(ANA)[抗核抗体测定]·anti-double-stranded DNA anti-body[抗双链DNA抗体测定] ·examination of lupus erythematosis cell(LE cell)[红斑狼疮细胞检查]·rheumatoid factors assay(RF)[类风湿因子测定]·antismooth muscle antibodies assay(SMA)[抗平滑肌抗体]·antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA)[抗线粒体抗体]·anti-parietal cell antibody(PCA)[抗胃壁细胞抗体]·anti-myocardial antibody[抗心肌抗体]·antithyroid antibodies[抗甲状腺抗体]10、血气分析[blood gas assay]·blood PH[血PH]·partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P CO2)[二氧化碳分压]·carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP)[二氧化碳结合力]·standard bicarbonate(SB)[标准碳酸氢盐]·actual bicarbonate(AB)[实际碳酸氢盐]·buffer base(BB)[缓冲碱]·base excess(BE)[剩余碱]·total carbon dioxide(T CO2)[二氧化碳总量]·oxygen content(O2-C)[氧含量]·partial pressure of oxygen(P O2)[氧分压]·oxygen saturation(O2sat or SaO2)[血氧饱和度]11、大便检查[stool examination](1)exterior[外观]·formed[成形的]·dry[干的]·soft[软的]·loose[稀的]·watery[水样的]·liquid[液状]·sheep-dung[羊粪状]·yellow[黄的]·black[黑的]·acholic[无胆色的]·tarry[柏油样]·bloody[血性]·fatty[脂肪性]·rice water[米汤样]·mucous[粘液性]·mucopurulent[粘液脓性]·undigested[不消化的]（2）镜检[microscopy]·RBC[红细胞]·WBC[白细胞]·pus cell[脓细胞]·phagocyte[吞噬细胞]·ova count[虫卵计数]·hatching test[卵化试验]·concentration of ovae[集卵试验]·ova of roundworm[蛔虫卵]·ova of hookworm[钩虫卵]·ova of pinworm[蛲虫卵]·ova of whipworm[鞭虫卵]·ova of schistosoma[血吸虫卵]·ova of clonorchis sinensis[华支睾吸虫卵]·ova of fasciolopsis[姜片虫卵]·ova of tapeworm[绦虫卵]·trichominad[滴虫]·trophozoites and cysts of entamoeba hestolytica[溶组织内阿米巴滋养体及包囊]·Endameba coli[结肠阿米巴]·trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia[蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫滋养体及包囊]·Charcot-Leyden`s crystals[夏科—雷登氏结晶](3)化学检查[chemical examination]·occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]·coproporphyrins[粪卟啉]·fecal urobilin qualitative test[粪胆素定性试验]12、小便检查[urine examination](1)colour[颜色]·light yellow[淡黄]·milky[乳白]·bloody[血性]·red[红色]·thick tea in color[浓茶状](2)transparency[透明度]·clear[清晰]·cloudy[混浊](3)smell[气味]·ammoniacal smell[氨味]·apple smell[苹果味]·putrid smell[腐臭味](4)acid or alkaline[酸碱性]·acid[酸性]·alkaline[碱性]·PH urinary [尿PH](5)microscopy[镜检]·high power lens(HP)[高倍镜]·low power lens(LP)[低倍镜]·RBC[红细胞]·WBC[白细胞]·pus cell[脓细胞]·epithelial cell[上皮细胞]]·small round epithelial cell[小圆上皮细胞]·renal tubular epithelial cell[肾小管上皮细胞]·transitional epithelial cell[移行上皮细胞]·squamous epithelial cell[鳞状上皮细胞]·atypical cell[非典型细胞]·RBC:1-2 per high power field(=RBC 1-2/HP) [每高倍视野有1-2个红细胞]·cellular cast[细胞管型]·RBC cast[红细胞管型]·WBC cast[白细胞管型]·pus cast[脓细胞管型]·epithelial cast[上皮管型]·fatty cast[脂肪管型]·granular cast[颗粒管型]·hyaling cast[透明管型]·tube cast[肾小管型]·urate cast[尿酸盐管型]·waxy cast[蜡样管型]·calcium oxalate crystal[草酸钙结晶]·phospheate crystal[磷酸盐结晶]·urate crystal[尿酸盐结晶]·sulphanilamide crystal[磺胺结晶]·bilirubin crystal[胆红素结晶]·cholesterol crystal[胆固醇结晶]·mucous threads[粘丝]·spermatozoa[精子]·trichomonas parasite[滴虫](6)化学成分[chemical composition]·protein[蛋白质]·albumin[白蛋白]·Bence-Jone protein[本周氏蛋白]·sugar[糖]·ketobodies[酮体]·acetone[丙酮]·urobilinogen[尿胆原]·occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]·hemoglobin[血红蛋白]·myoglobin[肌红蛋白]·qualitative analysis of chyle[乳糜定性]·amylase[淀粉酶](7)尿电解质测定[lytes]·potassium assay[钾测定]·sodium assay[钠侧定]·chloride assay[氯测定]·calcium assay[钙测定]·magnesium assay[镁测定]·inorganic phosphorus assay[无机磷测定](8)尿其他检查[the others]·pregnance test[妊娠试验]·recovery of parasite from urine[尿中找寄生虫]·recovery of bacteria from urinary sediment[尿沉渣涂片找细菌]·recovery of mycobacterium from urinary smear[尿涂片找抗酸杆菌]·urinary three cups test[尿三杯试验]·antibody coated bacteria[抗体包裹细菌]·urinary lead assay[尿铅测定]·Congo red test[刚果红试验]·urinary protein electrophoresis[尿蛋白电泳]·urinary protein disc electrophoresis[尿蛋白圆盘电泳]·urinary fibrin (fibrinogen) degradation product(FDP)[尿纤维蛋白（原）降解产物]·urinary complement 3(C3)[尿补体3]·osmotic pressure assay[渗透压测定]·bacterial count of urine[尿菌落计数]13、脑脊液检查[CSF examination]·pressure[压力]·stookey test[压腹试验]·clear[清晰]·cloudy[混浊]·pellicle formation[薄膜形成]·bloody[血性]·yellow[黄色]·pink[粉红色]·purulent[脓性]·cell count[细胞计数]·Pandy`s test[潘氏试验]·protein electrophoresis[蛋白电泳]·immunoglobulin assay[免疫球蛋白测定]·glucose[葡萄糖]·chloride[氯化物]·LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]·bacteria[细菌] 14、浆膜腔液检查[fluid examination]·exfoliative cyte[脱落细胞]·appearance[外观]·specific gravity[比重]·cell count[细胞计数]·Rivalta test[李瓦他试验]·protein[蛋白质]·glucose[葡萄糖]·LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]·bacteria[细菌]15、消化液检查[GI fluid examination]·basal gastric quantity[基础胃液量]·basal acid output(BAO)[基础排酸量]·maximal acid output(MAO)[最大排酸量]·total acidity[总酸度]·free acid[游离酸]·cell[细胞]·bacteria[细菌]·occult blood test[隐血试验]·quantity[量]·colour[颜色]·transparancy[透明度]·cell[细胞]·crystal[结晶]·ova[虫卵]16、痰检查[sputum examination]·sputum quantity[痰量]·colour[颜色]·viscosity[粘稠度]·smell[气味]·WBC[白细胞]·RBC[红细胞]·cancer cell[肿瘤细胞]·lipophages[噬脂细胞]·Charcot-Leyden`s crystal[夏科-雷登氏结晶]·sputum smear[痰涂片]17、精液和前列腺液检查[examination of seminal and prostate fluid]·seminal fluid quantity[精液量]·sperm count[精子计数]·sperm morphology[精子形态]·sperm motility[精子活动度]·pH[酸碱度]·lecithin body[卵磷脂小体]·granular cell of prostate[前列腺颗粒细胞]·cancer cell[癌细胞]·bacteria[细菌]18、细菌培养[culture]·bacterial culture of blood[血培养]·bacterial culture of stool[粪培养]·urine culture[尿培养]·bacterial culture of CSF[脑脊液培养]·bacterial culture of sputum[痰液培养]·swabs culture of pharynx and tonsil[咽喉及扁桃体拭子培养] ·swabs culture of nose[鼻拭子培养]·swabs culture of ear[耳拭子培养]·swabs culture of eye[眼部拭子培养]·bacterial culture of gastric juice[胃液细菌培养]·bacterial culture of bile[胆汁细菌培养]·bacterial culture of pyogenic fluids[脓液培养]·anaerobic bacteria culture[厌氧菌培养]·spirochetes examination[螺旋体检查]·fungi examination[真菌检查]第十三章辅助检查[Diagnostic examination]1、X线检查[X-ray examination](1)肺[lung]·clear[清晰]·enlargement of hilar shadows[肺门阴影增大]·increase of lung markings[肺纹理增粗]·calcified[钙化灶]·cavitation[空洞]·circular lesion (coin lesion)[球形病灶]·a minimal area of density[小块阴影区]·scattered spot(plaque-like) shadows[散在的点（片）状阴影]·a poorly defined patchy density[边界不清的片状阴影]·a round density[圆形致密影]·pleural thickening[胸膜增厚]·hazziness(blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle[肋隔角模糊（变钝、消失）]·elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement[横膈抬高、活动受限]·encapsulated pleural effusion[包裹性胸腔积液]·hydropneumothorax[液气胸]·mediastinal displacement[纵膈移位]·hilar haze[肺门模糊]·increase of pulmonary hilar density[肺门密度增高]·pulmonary venous stasis(infarction)[肺淤血（梗塞）]·shadow[阴影性状]·hazziness[淡的]·clouding[云雾状]·diffuse[弥漫的]·veiling[面纱样]·streaky[线状]·patcky[絮状]·nodular[结节状]·massive[块状]·miliary[粟粒状]·confluent[融合状]·homogeneous[均匀的](2)心脏[heart]·left(right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement[左（右）房（室）增大]·a tortuous and prolonged aorta[主动脉屈曲延长]·“aortic type”(“mitral valve”)heart [主动脉型（二尖瓣型）心脏]·bulging pulmonary artery segment[肺动脉段突出]·a dilatation of the pulmonary artery[肺动脉扩张]·general enlargement of the heart shadow[心影普遍增大]·left(right) ventricular enlargement[左（右）心室增大]·left(right) atrial dilatation[左（右）心房增大]·boot-shaped heart[靴型心脏]·calcification of aorta[主动脉钙化]·waist of heart[心腰部]·vertical (slender; asthenic;horizontal;oblique)heart[垂位（狭长型；无力型；横位；斜位）心](3)腹部平片[KUB film]·calculus[结石]·calcified shadow[钙化影]·fluid levels with stepladder pattern[阶梯型液平]·gas-fluid level[液气平面]·subphrenic free air[膈下游离气体](4)胃肠道钡剂检查[barium enema examination]·gastroenterography[胃肠造影]·double contrast radiography[双重对比造影]·es·ophageal peristalsis sign[食管蠕动征]·duodenal flexure(impression)[十二指肠曲（压迹）]·mucosal fold shadow of small intestine[小肠粘膜皱襞影]·peristalsis and empting signs of colon[结肠蠕动与排空征]·delayed gastric emptying time[胃排空时间延长]·fasting retention of stomach[胃空腹潴留液]·filling defect[充盈缺损]·disappearance of the mucosal folds[粘膜皱襞消失]·hypotonicity (hypertonicity)[张力减低（增高）]·irritable cap[球部激惹现象]·vigorous peristaltic activity( hyperperistalsis)[蠕动增强]·bradydiastalsis[蠕动减弱]·hypernakinesia[蠕动消失]·accelerated(reduced) evacuation[排空加快（减缓）]·skipping phenomenon[跳跃现象]·broadened and tortuous mucosal fold[粘膜增宽和迂曲]·flat mucosal fold[粘膜皱襞平坦](5)胆道[bile tract]·oral cholecystography[口服胆囊造影]·intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography[静脉胆管胆囊造影]·trans-T-tube cholecystography[经T形管胆囊造影]·percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC)[经皮肝穿刺胆管造影]·dilated common duct[胆总管扩张]·gallblader concentrated satisfactorily[胆囊浓缩功能良好]·gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately[胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差]·contractibility[收缩功能](6)骨骼[skeleton]·cortical thickening of bone[骨皮质增厚]·“onion skin”appearance[洋葱皮样改变]·periosteal reaction[骨膜反应]·osteoporosis( rarefaction)[骨质疏松]·ossification [骨化]·deformity[畸形]·shortening[缩短]·displacement[移位]·luxation[脱位]·subluxation[半脱位]·malunion[连接不正]·greenstick fracture[青枝骨折]·multiple fracture[多发性骨折]·pathological fracture[病理性骨折]·joint space[关节间隙]·intervertebral space[椎间隙]·calcification shadow of costal cartilage[肋软骨钙化影]·osteomalacia(osteomalacosis)[骨质软化]·hyperostosis osteosclerosis[骨质增生硬化]·sequestrum[死骨]·bone necrosis[骨质坏死]·swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint[关节肿胀（破坏；退行性变）]·ankytosis[关节强直]·epiphyseal seperation[骨骺分离]·good alignment[对线良好]·good apposition[对位良好](7)泌尿系统[urological system]·intravenous pyelography(IVP)[静脉肾盂造影]·retograde pyelography[逆行肾盂造影]·atrophy[萎缩]·deformity[移位]·distortion[扭曲]·filling defect[充盈缺损]·stricture[狭窄]·opaque(translucent) stone[不透光的（透光的）结石](8)X线检查位置[X-ray]·anteroposterior projection[前后位]·postero-anterior(PA) projection[后前位]·lateral projection[侧位]·upright positin[立位]·oblique projection[斜位]·right (left)anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection[右(左)前斜位]·anteroposterior oblique projection[前后斜位]·lordotic position projection[前凸位]·axial position[轴位]·cranial projection[头位]·caudal projection[尾位]2、心电图[ECG/EKG]·4：3 Atrioventricular block [4：3房室传导阻滞]·Aberrant conduction[差异性传导]·Abnormal T wave [T波异常]·Absolute refractory period[绝对不应期]·AC interference[交流电干扰]·Accelerated idioventricular rhythm[加速性室性自主心律]·Accelerated rhythm[加速性心律]·Advanced A-V block[重度房室传导阻滞]·Afterdepolarization[后除极]·Amplitude[幅度]·Anomalous atrioventricular conduction[异常房室传导]·Anterior myocardial infarction[前壁心肌梗死]·Antero-septal myocardial infarction[前间壁心肌梗死]·Antigrade conduction[顺向传导]·Anterolateral myocardial infarction[前侧壁心肌梗死]·Arrest[停搏]·Arrhythmia[心律失常]·artifact[伪差]·Asystole[停搏]·Atria echo[房性回波]·Atrial arrhyttmia[房性心律失常]·Atrial enlargement[心房扩大]·Atrial synchronous ventricular pacemaker[房室同步起搏器]·Atrioventricular block[房室传导阻滞]·Atrioventricular conduction ratio[房室传导比]·Atrioventricular dissociation [房室分离]·Atrioventricular junction[房室交界区]·Atrioventricular node [房室结]·Atropine test [阿托品试验]·Augmented lead[加压导联]·A V sequential pacemaker[房室顺序起搏器]·A VNRT／A-V node re-entry tachycardia[房室结折返性心动过速]·A VRT／A-V re-entry tachycardia[房室折返性心动过速]·Baseline[基线]·Bi-directional ventricular tachycardia[双向性室速]·Bifascicular block [双分支阻滞]·Bigeminy[二联律]·Bipolar Lead[双极导联]·Blocked PAC[房早未下传]·Bradycardia[心动过缓]·Brugada syndrome[布鲁加综合征]·Bundle branch block[束支传导阻滞]·Caliper[分规]·Capture[夺获]·Cardiac vector[心向量]·Coarse atrial fibrillation[粗房颤]·Compensatory pause [代偿间歇]·Concealed conduction[隐匿性传导]·Conduction system[传导系统]·Corrected QT interval[校正QT间期]·Coupling interval[配对间期]·DDD pacemaker [DDD起搏器]·Decremental conduction[递减性传导]·Deflection[偏离]·Delta wave [预激波]·Double Masters exercise test [二级梯运动试验]·Dual-chamber pacemaker[双腔起搏器]·Ectopic beat [异位搏动]·Electrical axis[电轴] ·Electrical vector[电向量]·Electromechanical dissociation [电机械分离]·End-diastolic PVC[舒张末期室早]·Enhanced antomaticity[自律性增高]·Escape rhythm[逸搏心律]·Exit block[传出阻滞]·Extensive anterior MI[广泛前壁心梗]·f wave [f波]·F wave [F波]·Fascicular block[束支传导阻滞]·Fibrillation[颤动]·Fine atrial fibrillation[细房颤]·First degree[一度]·Flutter[扑动]·Full compensatory pause[代偿间期完全]·Fusion beat[融合波]·High-degree atrioventricular block [高度房室传导阻滞] ·Holter[动态心电图]·Idionodal rhythm[结性自主心律]·Idioventricular[室性自主性]·Imcomplete compensatory pause [代偿间歇不完全] ·Inferior MI[下壁心肌梗死]·Interference and dissociation[干扰和脱节]·Interpolated PVC[间位性室早]·Inverted T wave [T波倒置]·Irregular[不规则／不齐]·J point [J点]·Junctional escape rhythm[交界性逸搏心律]·Lateral MI[侧壁心便]·LBBB[左束支传导阻滞]·Lead [导联]·Left anterior fasicular block[左前分支阻滞]·Left axis deviation [电轴左偏]·Long Q-T syndrome[长Q-T综合征]·Loose electrode [电极松动]·Low voltage[低电压]·Lown-Ganong-Levime syndrome [L-G-L综合征[·LVH／Left Ventricular Hypertrophy[左室肥厚]·Marked bradycardia[显著心动过缓]·MI／Myocardial infarction [心肌梗死]·Monophasic curve[单向曲线]·Multifocal PVC[多源性室早]·Multiform PVC [多形性室早]·Multistage stress test[多级运动试验]·Myocardial ischemia[心肌缺血]·Nonconducted PAC[房早末下传]·Non-Q wave MI[非Q波性心梗]·Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia [非持续性室速] ·Nontransmural MI[非透壁性心梗]·Normal sinus rhythm[正常窦性心律]·P mitrale[二尖瓣型P波]·P Pulmonale[肺型P波]·PAC／Premature atrial contractions[房性早搏] ·Pacemaker rhythm[起搏心律]·Paired PVC [成对室早]·Para-systole[并行心律]·Paroxysmal junctional(supraventricular)tachycardia [阵发性交界(室上)性心动过速]·Peri-infarction block[梗死周围阻滞]·Posterior MI[后壁心梗]·P-P interval [P-P间期]·P-R interval [PR间期]·P-R segment [PR段]·Precordial Leads [胸前导联]·Preexcitation syndrome[预激综合征]·Ptf value[心房终未电势]·Pulseless electrical activity[无脉性电活动]·PVC／Premature Ventricular Contractions[室性早搏]·Q(q) wave [Q(q)波]·QRS Complex [ORS波]·QT interval [QT间期]·Quadrigeminy[四联律]·RBBB [右束支传导阻滞]·Reciprocal rhythm[反复心律]·Right axis deviation [电轴右偏]·R-On-T phenomenon [R-on-T现象]·R-R interval [R-R间期]·RVH／Right Ventricular hypertrophy[右室肥厚]·Second degree[二度]·Secondary changes[继发性改变]·Septal MI[间隔心梗]·Sick sinus syndrome(SSS)[病态窦房结综合征]·Sinoatrial block [窦房阻滞]·Sinus arrest [窦性静止]·Sinus arrhythmia[窦性心律不齐]·Sinus bradycardia[窦性心动过缓]·Sinus p wave [窦性P波]·Sinus tachycardia[窦性心动过速]·Speed of ECG paper[心电图纸走速]·ST segment depression [ST段压低]·Standard Limb Leads[标准肢体导联]·Standstill[静止]·Strain[劳损]·Subepicardial ischemia [心外膜下缺血]·Supraventricular[室上性]·T wave [T波]·Ta wave[心房复极波]·Tachycardia[心动过速]·TDP／Torsade de pointes [尖端扭转型室速]·Third degree[三度]·TP segment [TP段]·Treadmill test[运动平板试验]·Trifascicular block [三分支阻滞]·Trigeminy[三联律]·U wave [U波]·Unifocal PVC [单源室早]·V A T／Ventricular activation time [心室激动时间]·Ventricular enlargement[心室扩大]·Ventricular fibrillation [室性颤动]·Ventricular flutter [室性扑动]·VT／Ventricular tachycardia [室性心动过速]·Vulnerable period[易损期]·Wandering atrial pacemaker[心房起搏点游走]·Wedensky effect[魏登斯基效应]·Wedensky facilitation[魏登斯基易化]·Wenckedach block[文氏阻滞]·Wenckebach phenomenon[文氏现象]·Wide QRS complex[宽QRS波]·Wolff-Parkinson-White(W-P-W)syndrome[W-P-W综合征] 3、超声波[ultrasonograph]·rare tiny reflection[稀疏微波]·many tiny reflection[较密微波]·dense tiny reflection[密集微波]·high reflection[高波]·tall reflection in bunches[高束波]·distracting reflection in bunches[分散束波]·fluffy reflection of high amplitude[绒毛样高波]·bundles of irregular high reflection[杂乱高波]·liquid flat segment[液平段]·linear scan[线阵扫查]·sector scan[扇形扫查]·rcflection[反射]·refraction[折射]·multiple reflection[多重反射]·artifact[伪象]·internal echo[内部回声]·central echo[中央回声]·strong echo;hyperecho[强回声]·high level echo[高回声]·equal echo(isoecho)[等回声]·low level echo( hypoecho,mildly echo)[低回声]·echo free area( anechoic area,echoless area)[无回声区]·echolucent area( sonolucent region)[透声区]·dark area(silent gone)[暗区]·solid area[实质区]·liquify area[液化区]·spotty echo[斑点回声]·echogonic dotts[点状回声]·acoustic window(AW)[声窗]·homogenous[均匀性]·inhomogenous[不均匀性]·vegetation(Veg)[赘生物]·hump sign[驼峰征]·strong echo(SE)[强光团]·double light hand[双光带]·macaroni sign[通心面征（即双光带）]·acoustic shadow(AS)[声影]·double edge shadow[双边影]·fluid-fluid level with floating material sign[液-液分层征]·falls sign[瀑布征]·dough sign[面团征]第十四章诊断（疾病名称）[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)] ·病因诊断[pathogenic diagnosis (diagnosis of etiology)]·病理解剖诊断[diagnosis of pathological anatomy]·病理生理诊断[diagnosis of pathological physiology]·并发症[complication]·合并症（伴发疾病）[accompanying diseases](1)心内科疾病[heart diseases]·cardiac insufficiency (heart failure)[心功能不全（心衰）]·cardiogenic (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) shock[心原性（低血容量性，感染性，过敏性，神经原性）休克]·sinus tachycardia (bradycardia, arrhythmia, arrest)[窦性（心动过速，心动过缓，心律不齐，停搏）]·sinus rhythm[窦性心律]·sick sinus syndrome(SSS)[病窦综合征]·Adams –stokes syndrome[阿-斯综合征]·junctional (ventricular) escape beat[交界性（室性）逸搏]·escape rhythm[逸搏心律]·left atrial rhythm[左房心律]·chaotic atrial rhythm[房性紊乱心律]·wandering rhythm[游走心律]·premature atrial(ventricular, junctional) beats[房性（室性，交界性）早搏]·multifocal (multimorphic)[多源性（多形性）]·bigeminy (trigeminy)[二（三）联律]·paroxysmal atrial (supraventricular, ventricular) tachycardia[阵发性房性（室上性，室性）心动过速]·sustained ventricular tachycardia[持续性室速]·sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia[窦房结折返性心动过速]·Torsade de pointes (TDP)[尖端扭转型室速]·A-V(A-V nodal)reentrant tachycardia[房室（房室结）折返性心动过速]·atrial flutter (fibrillation)[房扑（颤）]·ventricular flutter (fibrillation)[室扑（颤）]·sino-auricular (intra-auricular, intra-ventricular)block[窦房（房内，室内）传导阻滞]·first (second, third) degree atrioventricular (A-V)block[I（II、III）度房室传导阻滞]·second degree, type I(II) A-V block[II度I（II）型房室传导阻滞]·Wenckebach phenomena[文氏现象]·Mobitz type I(II)[莫氏I（II）型]·complete (incomplete) left (right) bundle branch block[完全性（不完全性）左（右）束支传导阻滞]·advanced (high grade) A-V block[高度房室传导阻滞]·left anterior (posterior) fascicular block[左前（后）分支阻滞] ·type A(B) wolff-parkinson-white syndrome (pre-excitation syndrome)[A（B）型预激（W-P-W）综合征]·Lown-Ganong-Levime (L-G-L) syndrome[L-G-L综合征（短P-R综合征）]·accelerated idioventricular (idiojunctional) rhythm[加速性室性（交界性）自主心律]·ectopic (junctional, reciprocal) rhythm[异位（交界性，反复）心律]·ventricular hypertrophy[心室肥厚]·left(right) atrial enlargement[左（右）房扩大]·idiopathic[特发性]·interfering atrioventricular dissociation[干扰性房室分离]·Brugada syndrome [Brugada 综合征]·cardiac arrest (sudden death)[心脏骤停（猝死）]·acute rheumatic fever [急性风湿热]·rheumatic carditis[风湿性心脏炎]·chorea[舞蹈病]·rheumatic heart disease[风湿性心脏病]·multivalve disease[多瓣膜病]·valvular heart disease[心瓣膜病]·mitral(aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) stenosis[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，肺动肪瓣，三尖瓣）狭窄]·mitral (aortic, tricuspid) regurgitation(insufficiency)[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，三尖瓣）反流（关闭不全）]·coronary artery (heart) disease[冠心病]·acute coronary syndrome [急性冠脉综合征]·acute (old) myocardial infarction (MI)[急性（陈旧性）心肌梗死]·Q wave (non-Q wave) MI[Q波（非Q波）心梗]·unstable (stable) angina pectoris[不稳定（稳定）型心绞痛]·cardiogenic sudden death[心源性猝死]·initial onset angina peotoris[初发型心绞痛]·angina decubitus[卧位型心绞痛]·variant angina pectoris[变异型心绞痛]·intermediate syndrome [中间综合症]·post-infarction angina pectoris[梗死后心绞痛]·congenital heart disease[先天性心脏病]·pulmonary (aortic) stenosis[肺（主）动脉狭窄]·coartation of aorta[主动脉缩窄]·idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension [原发性肺动脉高压]·persistent left superior vena cava[左侧上腔静脉永存]·superior vena caval obstruction syndrome[上腔静脉阻塞综合征]·dextro cardia[右位心]·marfan`s syndrome [马凡氏综合征]·atrial (ventricular) septal defect(ASD/VSD)[房（室）间隔缺损]·patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)[动脉导管未闭]·single atrium (ventricle)[单心房（室）]·endocardial cushion defect[心内膜垫缺损]·aortic sinus aneurysm[主动脉窦瘤]·coronary arteritis[冠状动脉炎]·coronary artery fistula[冠状动脉瘘]·malformation of coronary artery[冠状动脉畸形]·coronary arteriovenous fistula[冠状动静脉瘘]·tetralogy(trilogy) of Fallot[法乐氏四（三）联征]·complete (corrected) transposition of great vessels[完全性（纠正型）大血管转位]·double-outlet of right ventricle [右室双出口]·partial (complete) anomalous pulmonary venous drainage[部分（完全）性肺静脉畸形引流]·Eisenmenger (Ebstein) syndrome[艾生曼格综合征（埃勃斯坦畸形）]·persistent trumcus arteriosus[永存主动脉干]·congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula[先天性肺动静脉瘘]·primary (secondary) hypertension [原发（继发）性高血压]·hypertensive crisis (urgencies, emergencies)[高血压危象（急诊）]·hypertensive nephropathy (papillo-retinopathy, cerebral hemorrhage)[高血压性肾病（视乳头-视网膜病，脑出血）] ·acute (subacute) becterial endocarditis[急（亚急）性细菌性心内膜炎]·infective endocarditis[感染性心内膜炎]·acute (chronic) cor pulmonale[急（慢）性肺原性心脏病]·chronic pulmonary heart disease[慢性肺心病]·acute (chronic) pericarditis [急（慢）性心包炎]·constrictive pericarditis[缩窄性心包炎]·purulent (tuberculous) pericarditis[化脓(结核)性心包炎]·syphilitic heart disease[梅毒性心脏病]·acute viral myocarditis [急性病毒性心肌炎]·primary (specific) cardiomyopathy[原发（特异）性心肌病]·dilated (hypertrophic, restrictive) cardiomyopathy[扩张（肥厚，限制）型心肌病]·hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)[肥厚型梗阻性心肌病]·arrhythmogenic right ventricula dysplasia(ARVD)[致心律失常性右室发育不全]·tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy[心动过速性心肌病]·hypertensive(alcoholic,ischemic,diabetic,peripartum,hyperthyr oid )cardio- myopathy[高血压（酒精，缺血，糖尿病，围生期，甲亢）性心肌病]·drug-induced cardiomyopathy[药物性心肌病]·keshan disease[克山病]·myxoma of left atrium[左房粘液瘤]·metastatic cardiac tumor[心脏转移性肿瘤]·cardiac neurosis[心脏神经官能症]·mitral prolapse syndrome[二尖瓣脱垂综合征]·long Q-T syndrome[长QT间期综合征]·aortic (dissecting) aneurysm[主动脉（夹层动脉）瘤]·multiple (primary) arteritis of aorta and main branches[多发性大动脉炎]·Takayasu arteritis [大动脉炎（高安动脉炎）]·Raynaud disease[雷诺氏病]·systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]·thromboangitis obliterans[血栓闭塞性脉管炎]·deep vein thrombosis[深静脉血栓形成]·superficial thrombophlebitis[血栓性浅静脉炎]·syndrome X[X 综合征]·peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration[闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化]·Churg-Strauss syndrome[变应性肉芽肿性血管炎]·radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)[射频消融术]·percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)[经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术]·transluminal extraction catheter(TEC)[经皮腔内切吸导管]·percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation(PTSMA)[经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术]·percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)[经皮腔内冠脉成形术]。
临床试验专业术语及名词解释
临床试验专业术语及名词解释临床试验是指在人体中进行的医学研究，旨在评估新治疗方法、药物或医疗器械的安全性、疗效和可行性。
以下是一些常见的临床试验专业术语及其解释：1. 受试者（Subject/Patient/Participant）：参与临床试验的个体，既可以是健康人也可以是患有特定疾病的患者。
2. 随机分组（Randomization）：将受试者随机分配到不同的治疗组或对照组，以减少研究结果的偏差。
3. 对照组（Control group）：接受安慰剂、标准治疗或其他对照条件的受试者组，用于与接受测试治疗的实验组进行比较。
4. 安慰剂（Placebo）：看起来与真实治疗相同但没有任何治疗效果的虚拟药物，用于对照组中。
5. 盲法（Blinding）：试验中将受试者、研究者或评估者保持不知道实验组与对照组信息的方法。
6. 直接观察（Observation）：研究者对受试者行为、症状和结果进行记录和观察。
7. 双盲试验（Double-blind study）：既对受试者也对研究者进行盲法，以消除主观偏见。
8. 安全性评估（Safety evaluation）：针对试验治疗方法或药物的潜在不良反应和副作用进行评估。
9. 疗效评估（Efficacy evaluation）：对试验治疗方法或药物的疗效进行评价，包括疾病缓解、生存率、生活质量等指标。
10. 统计分析（Statistical analysis）：通过数学和统计方法对试验数据进行分析，以评估治疗效果和结果的显著性。
11. 要约参与（Informed consent）：在试验开始之前，研究者向受试者提供详细的试验信息，并取得其明确同意参与研究的文件。
12. 疗效终点（Endpoint）：临床试验中用于评估治疗效果的主要指标，如生存率、疾病缓解率等。
以上只是临床试验中的一些常见专业术语和名词，临床试验的相关术语还有很多，具体要根据研究领域和试验设计来确定。
常见医学术语(中英文对照)
常见医学术语(中英文对照)LTwelcome[]vt. & n. 欢迎；a. 受欢迎的offer[]vt. & n. 提供；贡献be about to[](不久)就要，即将training[]n. 训练；培养program[]n. 规划；(教学)大纲general[]a. 一般的，普遍的basic[]a. 基本的，基础的course[]n. 课程；过程；疗程biology[]n. 生物学devote[]vt. 贡献medical[]a. 医学的，医药的anatomy[]n. 解剖学；解剖physiology[]n. 生理学biochemistry[]n. 生物化学term[]n. 学期；期限；术语internal[]a. 内服的；内部的surgery[]n. 外科学，外科and so on[]等等，诸如此类clinical[]a. 临床的have to[]不得不，只好in addition[]另外follow-up[]a. & n. 接着的，后续的advanced[]a. 高级的；先进的besides[]ad. 此外；prep. 除…之外qualified[]a. 合格的campus[]n. 校园storey[]n. 层(楼) collection[]n. 收集，收藏central[]a. 中心的，中央的laboratory[]n. 实验室，研究室dormitory[]n. 宿舍altogether[]ad. 总共treat[]vt. 治疗；处理；对待divide[]vt. 分；隔开speciality[]n. 专业；特征department[]n. 科室；系；学部traditional[]a. 传统的affiliate[]vt. 使…加入；使附于out-patient[]n. 门珍病人in-patient[]n. 住院病人emergency[]n. 紧急情况emergency room[]急诊室timely[]a. 及时的；合时的available[]a. 可取得的；可用的round the clock[]全天二十四小时consult[]vt. 请教；看病；查阅consulting room[]诊室complaint[]n. 疾病；主诉；抱怨ward[]n. 病房surgical[]a. 外科的pediatric[]a. 儿科的intensive[]a. 加强的；集中的intensive care unit[]监二surroundings[]n. 周围事物；环境stimulus[]n. 刺激；刺激物thirdly[]ad. 第三environment[]n. 外界；环境ability[]n. 能力，(pl. )才能be known as[]叫作；称为；以…闻名irritability[]n. 应激性，兴奋性reproduce[]vt. 繁殖，再生，复制reproduction[]n. 繁殖，再生，复制offspring[]n. 后代，后裔process[]n. 过程，程序；vt. 处理generation[]n. 一代；产生，发生to sum up[]总而言之，总之growth[]n. 生长，增加respond[]vi. 响应；回答respond to[]对…有反应；回答response[]n. 反应；回答response to[]对…的反应property[]n. 特性；财产increase[]vt. 增加；n. 增加；增大brain[]n. 脑子likely[]a. 可能的；似乎合适的man-like[]a. 象人的minute[]a. 微小的electron[]n. 电子microscope[]n. 显微镜virus[]n. 病毒single[]a. 唯一的；单一的thread[]n. 线；线索nylon[]n. 尼龙astonishing[]a. 非常惊人的computer[]n. 计算机automatic[]a. 自动的thousand[]n. 千，(pl. )成千上万control[]n. & vt. 控制；支配wonderful[]a. 奇妙的；令人惊奇的artificial[]a. 人工的，非天然的attempt[]vt. & n. 尝试；企图copy[]vt. 抄写；仿效；n. 副本robot[]n. 机器人happen[]vi. 发生；偶然，碰巧human[]n. 人；a. 人的；人类的solve[]vt. 解决；解答reference[]n. 参考；谈到look after[]v. 照顾；寻求librarian[]n. 图书管理员provide[]vt. 提供as well as[]conj. 又；以及periodical[]n. 期刊；a. 周期的classify[]vt. 分类，分等ownership[]n. 所有制，所有权private[]a. 私有的；私立的content[]n. 内容；容量；目录engineering[]n. 工程，工程学frequently[]ad. 时常，屡次contain[]vt. 包含，容纳；装有nowadays[]ad. 现今，现在fiction[]n. 小说non-fiction[]n. 非小说类文学作品encyclopedia[]n. 百科全书refer to[]v. 查阅；参考；提及deal with[]v. 论述；处理；对待subject[]n. 科目；主题subject-matter[]n. 主题；素材author[]n. 作者title[]n. 标题；书目catalog[]n. 目录alphabetical[]a. 按字母顺序的locate[]vt. 查出；设置be located in[]座落于，位于information[]n. 资料；消息；情报well-informed[]a. 消息灵通的regular[]a. 定期的；经常的resource[]n. 资源；富源amount[]n. 数量，总数a large amount of[]大量creation[]n. 创造；创造物object[]n. 物体；目的；宾语centimetre[]n. 厘米width[]n. 宽度，宽大organism[]n. 机体，有机体range[]n. & vt. 范围；排列range from...to...[]从…到…particle[]n. 颗粒；虚词(语法)bacterium[]n. 细菌greek[]a. 希腊的；n. 希腊人invent[]vt. 发明，创造dutch[]a. 荷兰的；n. 荷兰人merchant[]n. 商人homemade[]a. 国产的；家庭制的grind[]vt. 磨；碾lens[]n. 透镜，镜头magnify[]vt. 放大；扩大identify[]vt. 辨认；视为同一unit[]n. 单位；单元；部队compound[]a. 复合的；n. 化合物eyeglass[]n. 眼镜go by[]v. 过去(时间)；依照degree[]n. 度，度数；程度precision[]n. 精确，精确度principle[]n. 原理，原则optical[]a. 光学的；视觉的on the other hand[]另一develop[]vt. & vi. 发展；发生beam[]n. 一道(光线)，一束play...a role in...[]在…中起…作用physicist[]n. 物理学家structure[]n. 结构；组织care for[]v. 照顾；喜欢take care of[]v. 照看，照料personnel[]n. 全体人员；人事contact[]vt. & n. 接触，联系have contact with[]和…接触；和…联系in case[]conj. 如果；万一thorough[]a. 彻底的；详尽的profession[]n. 职业the profession[]同行，同业substance[]n. 物质；实体cure[]vt. 医治，治愈；矫正cure...of[]医好某人的病；纠正clinic[]n. 门诊所；临床further[]a. & ad. 更进一步的treatment[]n. 治疗；处理，对待seriously[]ad. 严重地；严肃地specialize[]vt. 专门研究，专门化specialize in...[]专攻…；专于…particular[]a. 特别的；特殊的branch[]n. 分科，学科；分枝for instance[]例如surgeon[]n. 外科医生physician[]n. 内科医生solely[]ad. 单独地，只non-surgically[]ad. 非外科手术地cardiologist[]n. 心脏病学家specialist[]n. 专家hematologist[]n. 血液学家damage[]vt. & n. 损害，毁坏dentist[]n. 牙科医生specially[]ad. 特别地，专门地ounce[]n. 盎斯，英两means[]n. (sing)方法，手段prevention[]n. 预防，防止smallpox[]n. 天花case[]n. 病例；患者；情况die[]vi. 死die of[]死于…die from[]死于…recover[]vt. 恢复，复元recover from[]vi. 恢复健康，痊愈scar[]vt. 使留下伤疤；n. 伤疤rare[]a. 稀有的；罕见的notice[]vt. 注意；通知；n. 注意immune[]a. 免疫的；免除的immune to...[]对…有免疫力immunity[]n. 免疫；免除acquired[]后天免疫observation[]n. 观察；观测inoculation[]n. 接种；预防注射deliberately[]ad. 有意地；审慎地diseased[]a. 有病的mild[]a. 轻微的；和缓的severe[]a. 严重的；严厉的acquire[]vt. 获得resist[]vt. 抵抗；抗，耐set to work[]开始工作cowpox[]n. 牛痘germ[]n. 病菌；胚芽transfer[]vt. 转移；转变；转让vaccination[]n. 种痘；接种疫苗practically[]ad. 实际上；几乎wipe out[]v. 消灭；根除obvious[]a. 清楚的；明白的obviously[]ad. 显然，显著地intricate[]a. 复杂的，难了解的spaceship[]n. 宇宙飞船，太空船microscopic[]a. 极微小的，微观的macroscopic[]a. 肉眼可见的，宏观的block[]n. 砌块；部件；街区structural[]a. 结构的；构造的unaided[]a. 无助的；独立的unaided eye[]肉眼similar[]a. 类似的；同样的similar to...[]与…相似fashion[]n. 样子；方式；时髦tissue[]n. 组织；薄纸namely[]ad. 即，就是epithelial[]a. 上皮的cover[]vt. 覆盖，包括；n. 盖子outer[]a. 外面的；外层的surface[]n. 面，表面line[]vt. 衬里；n. 线；行organ[]n. 器官，机关muscular[]a. 肌肉的；肌肉发达的connective[]a. 连接的；结合的naked[]a. 无遮盖的；裸体的naked eye[]肉眼in turn[]反过来，转过来，依次complex[]a. 复杂的，复合的stomach[]n. 胃，腹circulatory[]a. 循环的(血液)respiratory[]a. 呼吸的digestive[]a. 消化的；有消化力的vessel[]n. 管；脉管；容器；船blood vessel[]血管tube[]n. 管air tube[]气管constitute[]vt. 组成；构成spinal[]a. 脊椎骨的cord[]n. 髓；索；带spinal cord[]脊髓coordinate[]vt. 使协调；使同等nervous[]a. 神经的；神经紧张的nervous tissue[]神经组织circulation[]n. 循环(血液)；流通circular[]a. 循环的；环形的circulate[]vt. 循环(血液)；流通define[]vt. 解释；给…下定义be defined as...[]下定义为…accomplish[]vt. 完成vascular[]a. 血管的，脉管的compose[]vt. 组成，构成be composed of...[]由…组成component[]n. 成分；部分a series of...[]一系列的…collectively[]ad. 集体地，共同artery[]n. 动脉capillary[]n. 毛细血管vein[]n. 静脉connect[]vt. 连接；联系connect...with...[]把…与…连接bring about[]v. 引起；发生；带来pump[]n. 唧筒；抽机hollow[]n. 腔；穴；凹；a. 空的all the time[]每时每刻briefly[]ad. 简短地；简单地oxygen[]n. 氧气oxygen-laden[]n. 带氧的；携氧的deoxygenate[]vt. 除去氧气aorta[]n. 主动脉give off[]v. 放出，排出absorb[]vt. 吸收；吸引intestine[]n. 肠liver[]n. 肝脏carbon[]n. 碳dioxide[]n. 二氧化物carbon dioxide[]二氧化碳by way of...[]经由…；通过…方法pulmonary[]a. 肺的；肺状的discharge[]vt. 排出(气体)；解除cycle[]n. 循环；周期major[]a. 主要的；较大的systemic[]a. 全身的；系统的transport[]vt. 输送；运输lesser[]a. 较小的；更少的minor[]a. 较小的，较少的hepatic[]a. 肝的cerebral[]a. 脑的；大脑的pollution[]n. 污染pollute[]vt. 污染；弄脏polluter[]n. 污染者；污染物质community[]n. 社团；社会；团体bothersome[]a. 令人厌恶的；麻烦的in...way[]以…方式partly[]ad. 部分地；不完全地exhaust[]n. 排气，排出；vt. 用尽pipe[]n. 管子exhaust pipe[]排气管trash[]n. 废物，垃圾；断枝invisible[]a. 看不见的detect[]vt. 检测；探测current[]n. 气流；电流；趋势trap[]vt. 止住blanket[]n. 毛毯；毡a blanket of...[]一片或一页的smog[]n. 烟雾irritate[]vt. 刺激，使兴奋keep...from...[]v. 阻止；避开like[]prep. 像；跟…一样emphysema[]n. 肺气肿bronchitis[]n. 支气管炎affect[]vt. 侵袭(疾病)；影响uncomfortable[]a. 不舒服的；不自在的lack[]n. & vt. 缺乏，不足lack of[]缺乏soil[]vt. 弄脏；n. 污点；土壤rust[]vt. 生锈，使…生锈discolor[]vt. 使…变色(或褪色) tremendous[]a. 巨大的；惊人的sum[]n. 总数；总和a sum of money[]一笔钱research[]n. 调查；研究；科研conduct[]vt. 实施；进行；传导effective[]a. 有效的；有力的combat[]vt. 与…斗争；反对diagnosis[]n. 诊断；诊断书determine[]vt. 确定；决定nature[]n. 性质；种类；自然symptom[]n. 症状；症候sign[]n. 体征；征兆；迹象objective[]a. 客观的；n. 目的observe[]vt. 观察；遵守characteristic[]a. 表明特性的；特有的characteristic of...[]表明…特性的accompany[]vt. 与…同时发生syndrome[]n. 综合症evaluate[]vt. 估计；评价extremely[]ad. 极其，非常valuable[]a. 很有价值的，贵重的disorder[]n. 失调；轻病；混乱prescribe[]vt. 开(药方)；规定therapy[]n. 治疗；疗法chemotherapy[]n. 化学疗法(化疗) physiotherapy[]n. 物理疗法(理疗) measure[]n. 措施；办法；量度carry out[]v. 进行；执行；实施recent[]a. 最近的，近来的recently[]ad. 近来relate[]vt. 叙述；涉及；有关professional[]a. 职业的；业务的take on[]v. 承担；接受responsibility[]n. 责任；负责aim[]n. 目的；目标；vi. 瞄准aim at[]目的在于exist[]vt. 存在；生存existing[]a. 现存的；现有的concept[]n. 概念seek[]vt. 试图；寻找；请求actually[]ad. 实际上promotion[]n. 促进；增长；晋级vast[]a. 巨大的；广阔的organization[]n. 组织；机构international[]a. 国际的individual[]a. 个别的；n. 个体local[]a. 地方的，当地的maintenance[]n. 维持；保养mental[]a. 精神的，脑力的antibiotic[]n. 抗生素；a. 抗生的resistant[]a. 反抗，抵抗resistant to...[]对…有抵抗力antibiotic-resistant[]a. 耐抗生素的arrest[]vt. 阻止；抑止；逮捕pathogenic[]a. 致病的upset[]vt. 扰乱；n. 紊乱vital[]a. 生命的，极其重要的derive[]vt. 取得，得到be derived from...[]由…而来；起源于mold[]n. 霉penicillin[]n. 盘尼西林，青霉素penicillium[](拉)青霉素be made from[]由…制成streptomyces[]n. 链霉菌素streptomycin[]n. 链霉素incalculable[]a. 不可胜数的；无数的benefit[]n. 利益，好处of benefit to...[]对…有好处mankind[]n. 人类give rise to[]v. 引起，使发生，招致complication[]n. 并发症；复杂的情况secondary[]a. 继发的，第二次的infection[]n. 感染；传染病specific[]a. 特殊的；特定的coexist[]vi. 同时存在，共存fungus[]n. 真菌，霉菌up to[]直到；该由；胜任administration[]n. 给药；用药；管理eliminate[]vt. 消灭，除去unaffected[]a. 不受影响的prevent...from...[]v. 使…不能，阻止unrestrainedly[]ad. 无限制地set up[]v. 引起；设立，建立allergy[]n. 过敏性反应，过敏症abnormal[]a. 不正常的，反常的reaction[]n. 反应；反作用consequence[]n. 后果，结果widespread[]a. 分布广的；普及的result in...[]v. 产生…的结果，导致evolution[]n. 发展；发育，进化strain[]n. 株(细菌等)；品系medication[]n. 药疗法；药剂prevalence[]n. 流行；普遍fast[]a. 抗拒的drug-fast[]抗药的，耐药的staphylococci[]葡萄球菌quinine[]n. 奎宁free from...[]a. 无…的，免去…的malaria[]n. 疟疾value[]n. 价值；重要的spaniard[]n. 西班牙人count[]n. 伯爵(贵族的头衔)lima[]n. 利马(秘鲁首都)peru[]n. 秘鲁peruvian[]a. 秘鲁的；秘鲁人的america[]n. 美洲；美国amerindian[]n. 美洲印第安人indian[]n. 印第安人；印度人mosquito[]n. 蚊breed[]vt. & vi. 繁殖；饲养drain[]v. 排去；排水；引流drain away[]排去…的水bark[]n. 树皮powder[]n. 粉末；粉剂mix[]vt. 混合mix with...[]与…混在一起fall ill[]生病intimate[]a. 亲密的；密切的worry about...[]为…担心，为…着急secretly[]ad. 秘密地；隐蔽地secret[]n. 秘密；秘诀；奥妙murder[]vt. & n. 杀害；谋杀disclose[]vt. 揭开；泄露utter[]vt. 说出；表达absent[]a. 制度；缺乏的inquire[]vt. 询问；打听servant[]n. 仆人；雇工get to[]v. 到达square[]n. 广场；街区in time[]及时；迟早at the last moment[]在最后的时刻wonder[]n. 奇迹，惊奇reveal[]vt. 揭示；揭露；启示europe[]n. 欧洲swedish[]a. 瑞典的；瑞典人name...after...[]v. 以…命名countess[]n. 伯爵夫人；女伯爵as to[]prep. 至于…；关于…kidney[]n. 肾，腰子transplant[]vt. & n. 移植(物)fail[]vi. 不能；失败remedy[]n. 治疗法；药物paw-paw[]n. 番木瓜grocery[]n. 食品杂货店exotic[]a. 外来的，异国的strip[]n. 一片，一条infect[]vt. 感染；传染surprise[]n. 惊奇；意外之事to one's surprise[]使…感到惊奇marvellous[]a. 奇异的；惊人的remark[]vt. & n. 说；谈论，评论impress[]vt. 给予深刻印象in one's opinion[]据某人看来efficacious[]a. 有效的(不指人)otherwise[]ad. 在其他方面detrimental[]a. 有害的，有损的anyhow[]ad. 无论如何explanation[]n. 解释，说明decay[]vt. & n. 腐烂，衷败lay[]vt. 放置；产卵beetroot[]n. 甜菜根onion[]n. 洋葱herbal[]a. 草本植物的herb[]n. 药草；草本植物digitalis[]n. 洋地黄，毛地黄originate[]vi. 发生；发起originate from...[]起源于…despite[]prep. 不管，不顾criticism[]n. 批评意见hold[]vt. 认为；相信；握heal[]vt. & n. 治愈normal[]a. 正常的，正规的routine[]n. 常规；例行手续expensive[]a. 昂贵的import[]'vt. 输入，进口britain[]n. 英国idea[]n. 主意；思想medicinal[]a. 有药性的；医药的defence[]n. 保护，保卫，防御by far[]大量；最；非常droplet[]n. 飞沫；小滴droplet infection[]飞沫感染swarm[]vi. 密集；涌往；充满inside[]prep. 在…里面positively[]ad. 绝对地；肯定地helpful[]a. 有益的；有帮助的gain entrance to...[]进入…ensue[]vi. 随着发生；结果是disease-producing[]a. 致病的overcome[]vt. 战胜，克服；压倒fairly[]ad. 相当地，适度地terminate[]vt. & vi. 终止；结束fortunately[]ad. 幸运地，幸好manage[]vt. 设法；控制；管理penetrate[]vt. 进入；穿透；渗透invader[]n. 侵略者，侵犯者invasion[]n. 发病；侵袭；侵略barrier[]n. 障碍物，屏障guard[]vt. 保护，保卫；防止break[]n. 破口；天亮；暂停beneath[]prep. 在…下面parasite[]n. 寄生物expense[]n. 代价；花费；费用at the expense of...[]以…作代价，牺牲…host[]n. 宿主；主人a host of...[]许多fluid[]n. 液体；流体release[]vt. 释放；解放responsible[]a. 有责任的，负责的normally[]ad. 正常地；平常地swallow[]vt. 吞；吞没；n. 吞，咽secrete[]vt. 分泌；藏匿acid[]n. 酸；a. 味酸的digest[]vt. 消化；领会counteract[]vt. 抵抗；抵消leucocyte[]n. 白细胞site[]n. 部位，位置；场所eat up[]吃光engulf[]vt. 吞没phagocytosis[]n. 噬菌作用；吞噬作用phagocyte[]n. (吞)噬细胞antibody[]n. 抗体manufacture[]vt. & n. 制造，生产bloodstream[]n. 血流protection[]n. 保护，防护物cross[]vt. 横过；n. 十字(形)cross infection[]交叉感染other than[]不同于，非；除了admit[]vt. 许可进入；可容纳occur[]vi. 发生；存在occur to sb.[]想起，想到fatal[]a. 致命的；命中注定的be aware of[]意识到；明白；觉察到take place[]发生；举行secretion[]n. 分泌物；隐藏faeces[]n. 粪；排泄物，渣滓urine[]n. 尿indirectly[]ad. 间接地lesion[]n. 创伤(身体上的)access[]n. 通路；接触gain access to...[]进入…inhalation[]n. 吸入；吸入药剂ingestion[]n. 咽下；吸收significant[]a. 有意义的；重要的significance[]n. 重要性，重大；意义strict[]a. 严格的；精确的preventive[]a. 预防的；n. 预防法attend[]vt. 出席；参加attend to...[]护理，照顾；专心considerable[]a. 重要的，值得重视的consequently[]ad. 因而，所以equipment[]n. 装备，设备article[]n. 物件，物品；文章employ[]vt. & n. 使用，雇用linen[]n. 亚麻织物(指台布等)bed-sheet[]n. 床单disinfect[]vt. 给…消毒；清除thoroughly[]ad. 彻底地，全面地free of[]无…的；免除的route[]n. 路，路线；航线transmission[]n. 传染；传送；发射essential[]a. 必不可少的；实质的hand-washing[]n. 洗手above-mentioned[]a. 以上提到的，上述的undertake[]vt. 进行，从事；承担be sure to inf.[]必定，一定reduce[]vt. 减少，缩减；复位pharmacologist[]n. 药物学家pharmacology[]n. 药物学noted[]a. 著名的province[]n. 省；领域；范围childhood[]n. 幼年；童年期keen[]a. 强烈的；锐利的go into...[]从事…；加入…concern[]vt. 涉及；对…有关render[]vt. 提供；翻译；使得commence[]vt. 开始carry on...[]继续；经营tradition[]n. 传统，习俗delay[]n. & vt. 耽误；延迟constant[]a. 经常的；恒定的recipe[]n. 处方；秘诀integrate[]vt. 使成为整体integrate...with...[]使…与…结合in particular[]特别地；尤其grave[]a. 严重的；严肃的error[]n. 错误decade[]n. 十年，十年期work at...[]忙于…，从事于…eventually[]ad. 最后，终于""ben cao gang mu""[]n. 《本草纲目》pharmacopoeia[]n. 药典present[]vt. 提出，给予；介绍explicit[]a. 明确的；详述的direction[]n. 说明；指导；方向prescription[]n. 处方；吩咐；指示illustration[]n. 插图；例证description[]n. 描述；图说describe[]vt. 描绘；叙述described as[]说成是moreover[]ad. 此外；而且；再者seemingly[]ad. 表面上；外观上distillation[]n. 蒸溜mercury[]n. 汞；水银ephedrine[]n. 麻黄碱；麻黄素iodine[]n. 碘，碘酒masterpiece[]n. 名著；杰作universally[]ad. 普遍地world-wide[]a. 遍及全球的fame[]n. 名声；声誉universe[]n. 宇宙atmosphere[]n. 大气；空气；气氛pure[]a. 纯净的，单纯的salt[]n. 盐chalk[]n. 粉笔；白垩protein[]n. 蛋白质concerned with...[]有关…aspect[]n. 方面；外貌；外观break down[]v. 分解；捣毁；瓦解silver[]n. 银non-metal[]n. 非金属物质sulphur[]n. 硫(磺) monoxide[]n. 一氧化物fume[]n. 汽，烟exhaust fume[]废气yield[]vt. 产生；出产yield to...[]屈服于；投降exhale[]vt. 呼出；发出neutron[]n. 中子composition[]n. 成分；构成；作文transformation[]n. 转变；变质；变形undergo[]vt. 经历；遭受hardness[]n. 硬；硬度heaviness[]n. 重；重量dissolve[]vt. 溶解；消散naturally[]ad. 自然地；必然地consistent[]a. 一致的；经常的fall into[]v. 分成…；陷入…division[]n. 部分；分开；划分subdivision[]n. 细分；再分的部分organic[]a. 有机的；器质性的inorganic[]a. 无机的analytical[]a. 分析的；用分析法的radiochemistry[]n. 放射化学associate[]vt. 使发生联系associated with...[]a. 与…有关；由于fundamental[]a. 基本的，基础的atomic[]a. 原子的radioactive[]a. 放射性的，辐射性的involve[]vt. 包括；牵涉foodstuff[]n. 食料，食品utilization[]n. 利用biological[]a. 生物学的nutrition[]n. 营养；营养学nutrient[]n. 营养物a. 营养的nourishment[]n. 营养品；食物whatever[]pron. 不论什么require[]vt. 要求；需要enable[]vt. 使能够，使可以replace[]vt. 取代；代替；放回replace by[]用…来代替nail[]n. 指甲；铁钉category[]n. 种类；范畴carbohydrate[]n. 糖类；碳水化合物vitamin[]n. 维生素mineral[]n. 矿物，无机物figure[]n. 数字；插图；vt. 想象figure out[]想出；理解figure into[]列入；包括进diet[]n. 饮食；食物quantity[]n. 量；数量compare[]vt. 比较compare with...[]与…比较compare to...[]比作…builder[]n. 建设者，建造者hemoglobin[]n. 血红蛋白carrier[]n. 载体；媒介物calcium[]n. 钙phosphorus[]n. 磷indispensable[]a. 不可缺少的indispensable to...[]为…所不可缺少的thyroid[]n. 甲状腺；a. 盾状的gland[]n. 腺thyroid gland[]甲状腺emphasize[]vt. 强调detail[]n. 详情；细节in detail[]详细地regulation[]n. 调节；管理；规则metabolism[]n. 新陈代谢，代谢作用distinguish[]vt. 区别，辨别；分类distinguish from...[]把…区别于…soluble[]a. 可溶解的respectively[]ad. 个别地；分别地b-complex[]复合维生素babsence[]n. 缺乏；缺席；离开deficiency[]n. 缺乏；缺席；离开blindness[]n. 瞎，盲night blindness[]夜盲rickets[]n. 佝偻病，软骨病scurvy[]n. 坏血病characterize[]vt. 以…为特征hemorrhage[]n. 出血，溢血fragility[]n. 易碎，脆性loosen[]vt. 使放松，松驰none[]pron. 毫无varied[]a. 不同的；各种各样的well-balanced[]a. 均衡的well-balanced diet[]均衡饮食motto[]n. 箴言，座右铭exercise[]vi. 运动，锻炼；n. 运动depend[]vt. 依赖，依靠；信赖depend on[]依…而定；依靠…primarily[]ad. 主要地；根本上地base[]n. 基地；底部based on...[]建立在…基础上out of...[]prep. 没有；缺乏intensity[]n. 强度duration[]n. 持续；持久fitness[]n. 适应能力；恰当physical fitness[]体质适应力ease[]n. 容易；舒适；vt. 减轻with ease[]不费力地tax[]vt. 增添…负担；n. 税to some extent[]在某种程度上built-in[]a. 嵌入的，内装的valve[]n. 瓣膜；阀reasonable[]a. 适当的，有道理的fatigue[]n. 疲劳，劳累recuperate[]vt. 复原；恢复健康guide[]vt. 引导；带领；n. 指南strenuously[]ad. 奋发地；使劲地breathlessness[]n. 屏息；气喘吁吁pound[]vt. 跳动；敲打；猛击pulse[]n. 脉搏；有节奏的跳动rate[]n. 速率；比率；等级appropriate[]a. 适当的；恰如其分的interfere[]vi. 打扰；干涉interfere in...[]妨碍interfere with...[]打扰unduly[]ad. 过度地；过分地stiff[]a. 僵直；一动就痛except for[]prep. 除…之外；若无sore[]a. 痛的；使人痛苦的pick[]vt. 选择；摘；挖regularly[]ad. 有规律地；定期地variety[]n. 多样化；变化；种类a variety of[]种种spice[]n. 趣味；香料add spice to...[]调味；使…增添兴趣schedule[]n. 计划表；课程表in a position to inf.[]能够(做某事)indulge[]vt. 纵情享受；使沉迷indulge in...[]沉溺于…vigorous[]a. 强有力的look forward to[]v. 盼望brisk[]n. 活跃的；轻快的supplement[]vt. 增补；补充；n. 增补convenient[]a. 方便的；合适的interrupt[]vt. 打扰；打断；阻断mind[]vt. 注意；介意；n. 头脑manner[]n. 礼貌；方式；态度ill-mannered[]'a. 无礼貌的；粗野的well-mannered[]a. 有礼貌的behave[]vi. 行动；举止；运转politely[]ad. 客气地；有礼貌地race[]n. 种族；种类；比赛asian[]a. & n. 亚洲的；亚洲人take off[]v. 脱掉；起飞european[]a. & n. 欧洲的；欧洲人muddy[]a. 多泥的；泥色的guest[]n. 客人；宾客malay[]a. 马来西亚的；n. 马来人find out[]v. 找出；发现；查明custom[]n. 风俗；习惯customs[]关税wrong[]ad. 错误地；不正当地go wrong[]犯错误；出毛病trouble[]n. 毛病；苦恼；麻烦in trouble[]处于困境(不幸)之中gentle[]a. 有礼貌的；温柔的post office[]n. 邮局take one's turn[]依次；轮流queue[]n. 长队；辫子accidentally[]ad. 偶然地；意外地bump[]v. 撞击bump into[]碰…；撞…get in one's way[]挡住…的路excuse[]vt. 原谅excuse me.[]请原谅request[]vt. & n. 要求；请求seat[]vt. 使…坐下；n. 座位be seated[]坐着；坐下full of[]a. 充满…handkerchief[]n. 手帕；手绢sneeze[]vi. 打喷嚏；n. 喷嚏campaign[]n. 运动；战役cultivate[]vt. 培养；修养；耕种civic[]a. 公民的；市民的virtue[]n. 美德；功效；善as a matter of fact[]事实上morality[]n. 道德；道义provided[]conj. 假如；以…为条件observer[]n. 观察者；奉行者conception[]n开始怀孕；概念check-up[]n. 检查；体检interval[]n. 间隔，空隙；休息at regular intervals[]定期地restore[]vt. 使恢复正常；归还restore...to health[]使…恢复健康on hand[]在场；拥有；在手头labor[]n. 分娩；劳动；vi. 工作encounter[]n. & vt. 遇见；遭遇safeguard[]vt. 保护；维护shot[]n. 注射；拍摄；发射diphtheria[]n. 白喉tetanus[]n. 破伤风whoop[]vi. & n. 哮喘声；高喊whooping cough[]百日咳discomfort[]n. 不舒适；不安visible[]a. 看得见的stethoscope[]n. 听诊器bell-shaped[]a. 铃状的chest piece[]n. 听胸器，胸件ear piece[]n. 接耳管；耳件plastic[]a. 塑料的heartbeat[]n. 心脏跳动decision[]n. 决定；决断exact[]a. 精确的；正确的ailment[]n. 失调，小毛病establish[]vt. 建立，设立；确立predict[]vt. 预测；预言prediction[]n. 预言；预示prognosis[]n. 预后judgement[]n. 判断；见识stomach-ache[]n. 胃痛；腹痛indigestion[]n. 消化不良症malady[]n. 疾病region[]n. 部位；地区；区域in fact[]其实，实际上relatively[]ad. 相对地；比较地condition[]n. 情况；状态；条件concentration[]n. 集中；专心；浓度ensure[]vt. 保证；担保disastrous[]a. 灾难性的therapeutic[]a. 治疗的；治疗学的administer[]vt. 供给；管理，实施pain-killer[]n. 止痛药aspirin[]n. 阿司匹林self-limited[]a. 自限的relief[]n. 减轻(病，痛苦)vanish[]vi. 消失；消灭warrant[]vt. 使有理由，保证sample[]n. 样本；标本analyse[]vt. 分析，分解lab-technician[]n. 化验员；技术员indicate[]vt. 表明(症状)；指示perceive[]vt. 察觉；看出；理解scrutinize[]vt. 细看；仔细检查dislocate[]vt. 使脱臼；脱位(骨头)shatter[]vt. 使粉碎；毁灭reset[]vt. 使复位；重接(断骨)align[]vt. 排列；使成直线somewhat[]ad. 稍微；有点diminish[]vt. 减轻；减少severity[]n. 严重；严格；严肃keep up with[]v. 跟上…go through[]v. 经受；经历lengthy[]a. 漫长的，冗长的apart from[]prep. 除去…；撇去…well-being[]n. 健康；福利beyond[]prep. 超出(范围)lay-person[]n. 外行；俗人prolong[]vt. 延长prolonged[]a. 持续很久的candidate[]n. 候选人；参加考试者background[]n. 经历；背景；幕后patient[]a. 有耐心的；n. 病人sympathetic[]a. 同情的；和谐的model[]n. 典型；模型；样式ideal[]n. 思想；理想；典型self-sacrificing[]a. 自我牺牲的bethune[]n. 白求恩norman bethune[]诺尔曼·白求恩amputate[]vt. 切除；截肢anger[]n. 怒；忿怒hesitantly[]ad. 犹豫地bandage[]n. 绷带；vt.用绷带包扎pus[]n. 脓stick[]vt. 粘贴；插入stick to[]粘住；坚持；坚守tear[]vt. 撕；撕掉；n. 泪coldly[]ad. 冷淡地splint[]n. 夹板director[]n. 指导者；主任，董事blame[]vt. 责备；n. 过失；责难be to blame[]该受责备negligence[]n. 粗心；疏忽negligent[]a. 粗心的；不注意的in use[]在使用spare[]a. 多余的；备用的whatsoever[]a. & pron. 无论什么choke[]vi. & vt. 窒息；噎住choke with anger[]气得说不出话来rage[]n. & vi. 盛怒；发怒genuine[]a. 真实的；真正的callous[]a. 无情的；冷淡的proceed[]vt. 前进；着手proceed with...[]继续进行patiently[]ad. 耐心地lifetime[]n. 终身；一生buffalo[]n. 水牛；野牛detachment[]n. 分队，支队；分开sheer[]a. 纯粹的；近乎透明的self-disciplined[]a. 自我训练的；自律的endeavor[]n. 努力；企图come to...[]逐渐…assign[]vt. 分配；指派assign...to[]把…分配给all-round[]a. 全面的；综合性的instruction[]n. 指导；教导；指示skilled[]a. 熟练的；有经验的founder[]n. 创立者，奠基者bacteriology[]n. 细菌学louis pasteur[]n. 路易·巴斯德(姓名) acknowledge[]vt. 供认；承认career[]n. 生涯；经历；职业achievement[]n. 成就；功绩prominent[]a. 卓越的；显著的talent[]n. 才能；才智mark[]n. 分数；标记；特征be marked by...[]特征是…inspire[]vt. 鼓舞；使感悟wine[]n. 酒；葡萄酒dreadful[]a. 可怕的sour[]a. 酸的；酸腐的ruin[]n. 毁灭；破产；vt. 破坏sound[]a. 完好的；健全的unsound[]a. 腐烂变质的；谬误的beer[]n. 啤酒yeast[]n. 酵母；发酵物ball-shaped[]a. 球形的alcohol[]n. 醇，酒精fermentation[]n. 发酵rod-shaped[]a. 杆状的latter[]a. 后者的；后面的the latter[]后者lactic[]a. 乳的lactic acid[]乳酸pasteurization[]n. 巴氏消毒法in honor of...[]为纪念…；为庆祝…contaminate[]vt. 污染；弄脏；传染alter[]vt. 改变；改做(衣服)quality[]n. 质，质量；特性immense[]a. 巨大的，广大的demonstrate[]vt. 显示；表明；未范raw[]a. 生的；未煮过的silkworm[]n. 蚕eradicate[]vt. 根除；连根拔掉suspect[]'vt. 猜想；怀疑confirm[]vt. 证实；使更坚定formulate[]vt. 系统地阐述revolutionize[]vt. 使革命化disinfectant[]n. 消毒剂；a. 消毒的elimination[]n. 消除；消灭brilliant[]a. 杰出的；卓越的foundation[]n. 基础；创办；基金at war[]处于战争状态，交战russia[]n. 俄国；俄罗斯russian[]n. 俄国人；俄语disturb[]vt. 扰乱；打扰；妨碍disturbing[]a. 令人担心的the times[]《泰晤士报》(英国)regarding[]prep. 关于at the time[]那时候florence nightingale[]n. 弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔in charge of[]负责…london[]n. 伦敦as soon as[]conj. 一…就…appalling[]a. 骇人听闻的minister[]n. 部长；大臣personally[]ad. 亲自地；私人地service[]n. 服务；职位；公务make one's way[]前进，行进；成功imagine[]vt. 想象；认为furniture[]n. 家具towel[]n. 毛巾，手巾fork[]n. 叉scarcely[]ad. 几乎不，几乎没有worship[]vt. 尊敬，崇拜；n. 崇拜comfort[]n. 安慰，舒服；安逸pass by[]v. 走过by the hundreds[]大批地；数以百计shadow[]n. 影子；树萌scrub[]vt. 擦洗carelessly[]ad. 疏忽地，粗心地confusion[]n. 混乱；慌乱；混淆accomplishment[]n.成就；完成；造诣at home[]在家；在国内opposition[]n. 反对；相反；对立british[]a. 英国的；英国人的at one's back[]支持renovate[]vt. 更新；修复award[]vt. 授予；n. 奖品；判定merit[]n. 功绩；荣誉；优点order of merit[]一等功pass away[]v. 逝世acupuncture[]n. 针刺；针刺疗法apply[]vt. 使用；适用；申请puncture[]n. & vt. 刺；穿刺hand down[]v. 把…传下来insert[]vt. 插入analgesia[]n. 止痛法；无痛procedure[]n. 程序；手续；方法typically[]ad. 有代表性地in position[]在适当的位置；在原位manipulate[]vt. 熟练地使用；操作twirl[]vi. 迅速转动；捻针activate[]vt. 使活化；激活pulsate[]vi. 跳动；颤动；脉冲stimulation[]n. 刺激(作用)；兴奋so-called[]a. 所谓的acupressure[]n. 针压法approach[]n. 探讨；研究；处理ultrasound[]n. 超声laser[]n. 激光；激光器moxibustion[]n. 艾炙；艾灼represent[]vt. 代表；描绘；阐述moxa[]n. 艾；灼烙剂pathophysiology[]n.病理生理学inherent[]a. 固有的；生来的pervade[]vt. 遍及；充满；渗透qi[]n. 气(中医) channel[]n. 海峡；航道；路线meridian[]n. 经络(中医)lobe[]n. 耳垂；叶(脑、肺)combination[]n. 联合，结合in combination with[]与…结合(联合) adhere[]vi. 粘附adhere to[]坚持；依附strictly[]ad. 严格地；明确地empirically[]ad. 经验主义地in accordancewith[]prep. 根据…；依照…institution[]n. 机构；学校；协会mechanism[]n. 机理；结构investigate[]vt. 调查，调查研究investigation[]n. 调查，调查研究contribute[]vt. 贡献出；捐(款)contribute to...[]起一份作用；出一份力correlate[]vt. 使相互关联correlate with[]与…相关联efficacy[]n. 功效；效验claim[]vt. 声称；主张；要求effectiveness[]n. 效力；生效abuse[]n. 滥用；vt. 滥用diagnostic[]a. 诊断的；特征的aid[]n. 帮助，辅助物diagnostic aid[]辅助诊断手段conjunction[]n. 关联；联合fluoroscopy[]n. 荧光检查；荧光学gastrointestinal[]a. 胃肠的panacea[]n. 万应药weight[]n. 重要性；影响；重量evidence[]n. 根据；证据；迹象accumulation[]n. 收集；累积countless[]a. 无数的treasure-house[]n. 宝库unrivalled[]a. 无匹的；无对手的richness[]n. 丰富；繁茂adopt[]vt. 采纳；采取；选定satisfactory[]a. 令人满意的；良好的incurable[]a. 不能治疗的unique[]a. 独特的；无与伦比的feature[]n. 特色；特征；容貌outstanding[]a. 杰出的；凸出的management[]n. 管理；处理；手段abdominal[]a. 腹部的abdomen[]n. 腹部consist[]v. 出…组成entity[]n. 实体；实在物；存在pathologic[]a. 病理的manifestation[]n. 表现；表示appearance[]n. 出现；出场；外观tongue[]n. 舌；语言classification[]n. 分类；归类obstruction[]n. 阻碍；堵塞interference[]n. 干涉；防碍functional[]a. 功能的；官能的disturbance[]n. 扰乱；紊乱；失调evaluation[]n. 估价；评价biliary[]a. 胆的；胆汁的tract[]n. 管；道biliary tract[]胆管regulate[]vt. 调节；管理；控制antibacterial[]a. 抗菌的；n. 抗菌剂toxin[]n. 毒素；毒质tranquilize[]vt. 使平静；使镇定adrenal[]a. 肾上腺的；n. 肾上腺cortex[]n. 皮质；外皮enhance[]vt. 提高；增加；增强enhancement[]n. 提高；增加on the one hand[]在一方面causative[]a. 引起…的causative agent[]病原体，致病物resultant[]a. 作为结果的；合成的physiological[]a. 生理的；生理学的perforation[]n. 穿孔；打眼peptic[]a. 消化性的；消化液的ulcer[]n. 溃疡peptic ulcer[]胃溃疡peritonitis[]n. 腹膜炎scope[]n. 范围；余地；视界extend[]vt. 伸出；扩展；延长extremity[]n. 肢(身体的)；手，足spine[]n. 脊骨additional[]a. 另外的；附加的amenable[]a. 可改正的amenable to...[]可以治好的。
常用临床医学英文术语
常用临床医学英文术语常用临床医学英文术语临床医学是研究疾病的'病因、诊断、治疗和预后,提高临床治疗水平,促进人体健康的科学。
接下来店铺为大家整理常用临床医学术语中英对照,希望对你有帮助。
diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal， social)diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history 家族史history， medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent 前驱征assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss) in weight 增加(减轻)体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸医.学教育网整理nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility， weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness， vertigo 眩晕lassitude， fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor， chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration， sweating 出汗pruritus， itching 痒，somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水distention 膨胀edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage， bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis 转移perforation 穿孔necrosis 坏死shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡fever， pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest(flank，…) pain 胸(胁腹…)痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull， diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 绞痛cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia (循环)血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus， rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia， loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough， hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure， crack in the anal canal 肛裂ascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding， defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动下载文档。
常用临床医学英文术语
常用临床医学英文术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病/ˈkrɔnik / communicable diseases 传染病/ kəˈmju:nɪkəbəl / complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病/kənˈdʒenɪtl/ acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病/ kənˈteidʒəs / endemic diseases 地方病/enˈdemɪk /epidemic diseases 流行病/ˌepiˈdemik / functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病/inˈfekʃəs / inherited diseases 遗传病/ɪnˈherɪtɪd /malignant diseases恶性病/ məˈliɡnənt /nutritional diseases 营养病/nju:ˈtrɪʃɵnəl /occupation diseases 职业病/ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃən /organic diseases 器质性病/ɔ:ˈɡænik /paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病/ˌpærəkˈsizməl / periodical diseases 周期病/ˌpiəriˈɔdikəl /primary(principaldiseases原发(主导病/ˈprinsəpəl / secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal, socialdiseases 性病/viˈniəriəl / terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病clinical manifestation 临床表现/ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən / delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学/ˌi:tiˈɔlədʒi/family history 家族史medical history 病史precipitating(induced诱因/priˈsipiteitiŋ /marital status婚姻状况/ˈmæritl /menstrual history 月经史/ˈmenstru:əl /menarche 初潮/miˈnɑ:ki /menopause闭经、女性更年期/ˈmenəˌpɔ:z/past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制/ˌpæθəˈdʒenisis /personal history 个人史symptoms 症状/ˈsimptəm /cardinal symptom 主要症状/ˈkɑ:dinl /classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状/ kənˈkɔmɪtənt /constitutional(systemic symptom 全身症状/ˌkɔnstɪˈtu:ʃənəl / indirect symptom 间接症状/ˈsimptəm /induced symptom 诱发症状/ i nˈdjust /local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状/ˈmentl /symptom-complex (syndromesymptom 综合症\症候群ˈsindrəum signs体征antecedent 前驱征/ˌæntɪˈsi:dnt /assident (accessory 副征/əˈsidənt /commemorative 后遗症/ kəˈmemərətɪv /sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征/ˌdaiəɡˈnɔstik/sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征,主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征/ˈvaitəl /body length (height of the body 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质/ kəˈkeksiə /compulsive position 被动(强迫体位/ kəmˈpʌlsɪv / critical facies 病危面容/ˈfeiʃiˌi:z /emaciation 消瘦/ɪˌmeɪʃɪˈeɪʃən /enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻/enˈtrəupiɔn /exophthalmos 眼球突出/ˌeksɔfˈθælmɔs /flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss in weight 增加(减轻体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸/ lɔ:ˈdəusis /nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动/ˈneɪzəl ,ˈeilə / nystagmus 眼震/nisˈtæɡməs /obesity 肥胖/əʊˈbi:sɪti: /pallor 苍白/ˈpælə /scoliosis 脊柱侧凸/ˌskɔliˈəusis /agitation 焦急不安/ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃən /debility, weakness 虚弱/ dɪˈbɪlɪti: /diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗/ˈdaiəfəˈri:sis / dizziness, vertigo 眩晕/ˈdɪzɪnɪs ,ˈvɜ:tɪˌgəʊ]/ lassitude, fatigue 无力,倦怠/ˈlæsɪˌtu:d , fəˈti:ɡ/ malaise 不适/mæˈleɪz/night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木/ˈnʌmnɪs/rigor, chill 寒冷,发冷/ˈrɪgə /perspiration, sweating 出汗/ˌpɜ:spəˈreɪʃən / pruritus, itching 瘙痒症,/ pruəˈraitəs / somasthenia 躯体无力/ˌsəumæsˈθi:niə/tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿/ˈæbˌses /acidosis 酸中毒/ˌæsiˈdəusis /adhesion 粘连/ædˈhi:ʒən /alkalosis 碱中毒/ˌælkəˈləusis /allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良/ kəuˌæɡjuˈleiʃən /congestion 充血/ kənˈdʒestʃən /dehydration 脱水/ˌdi:haɪˈdreɪʃən /distention 膨胀/disˈtenʃən /edema 水肿/i(:ˈdi:mə /embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成/ˈembəlizəm /fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱/ɪˈlektrəˌlaɪt / gangrene 坏疽/ˈgæŋˌgri:n /hematoma 血肿/ˌhi:məˈtəumə /hemorrhage, bleeding 出血/ˈhemərɪdʒ /infarction 梗塞,梗死/inˈfɑ:kʃən /infection 传染inflammation 炎症/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən / ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒/ki:təuˌæsiˈdəusis / metastasis 转移/ məˈtæstəsis / perforation 穿孔/ˌpɜ:fəˈreɪʃən /necrosis 坏死/neˈkrəusis /shock 休克response 反应,应答reaction 反应,感应thrombosis 血栓形成/θrɔmˈbəusis/ ulceration 溃疡/ˌʌlsəˈreiʃən /fever, pyrexia 发烧,发热/,paiˈreksiə / continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热/ˌɪntəˈmitənt / low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热/ rɪˈmɪtnt /relapsing fever 回归热,复发burning pain 灼痛chest(flank,… pain 胸(侧腹…痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛/diˈfju:zd /pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛/ˌpluəˈritik/radiating pain (pain radiating to… 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛angina 绞痛/ænˈdʒainə/cardiac angina 心绞痛/ˈkɑːdiæk /backache 背痛colic 绞痛,急腹痛earache 耳痛/ˈiəreik /headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛/ njuəˈrældʒə /migraine 偏头痛/ˈmaɪˌgreɪn /rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰/ˈspju:təm]/cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰/eksˌpektəˈreiʃən /expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧/hiˈmɔptisis ,æˈnɔksiə / apnea 呼吸暂停,窒息/æpˈni:ə/asthma 气喘,哮喘/ˈæsmə /Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难/disˈpni:ə /hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸,换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全,呼吸浅表/ haɪˈpɔpni:ə / hypoxia 低氧,缺氧/h aiˈpɔksiə /orthopnea 端坐呼吸/ɔ:ˈθɔpnjə /respiratory arrest 呼吸停止/ˈrespərəˌtɔ:ri: / suffocation 窒息/ˌsʌfəˈkeiʃən /tachypnea 呼吸急促/ˌtækipˈni:ə /fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齐/əˈriðmiə / atelectasis 肺不张,肺膨胀不全/ˌætiˈlektəsis / cardiac arrest 心搏骤停/ˈkɑːdiæk /cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大/haiˈpə:trəfi / cyanosis 发绀,青紫/ˌsaiəˈnəusis /distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张/ˈdʒʌɡjulə / extrasystole 期外收缩/ˌekstrəˈsistəli /gallop rhythm 奔马律/ˈɡæləp ,ˈriðəm /hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia (循环血容量减少/ haipəuvəˈli:miə /palpitation 心悸/pælpiˈteiʃ(ən /tachycardia 心动过速/ˌtækiˈkɑ:diə /pneumothorax 气胸/ˌnju:məuˈθɔ:ræks /thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难/disˈfeidʒiə /eructation 嗳气/ i:rʌkˈteiʃən /flatulence 气胀/ˈflætʃələns /flatus 肠胃气,屁/ˈfleitəs /gaseous distention 胃胀气/ˈɡæsiəs /hematemesis 呕血/ hi:məˈtemisis /hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆nausea 恶心/ nɔziə /pyrosis 胃灼热/paiˈrəusis /regurgitation 反胃,回流/ri:ˌɡə:dʒiˈteiʃən /thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂/ˈeinəl / ascites 腹水/əˈsaɪtiz /board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱/ˈtæktəl /exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘,瘘管/ˈfistjulə /hemorrhoid 痔/ˈheməˌrɔɪd /hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大/ˌhepətəuˈmeɡəli /intussusception 肠套叠/ intəsəˈsepʃən /jaundice 黄疸/ˈdʒɔndɪs /muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动/ˌperiˈstælsis /loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂/ˈprəulæps /prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂,脱肛/ˈrekt(əl /volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石/ˈkælkjələs /biliary calculus 胆结石/ˈbiljəri /vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘/ˈvesikəl / defecation 排便/ˌdefiˈkeiʃən /diarrhea 腹泻/ daɪəˈri:ə /incontinence of feces 大便失禁/ˈfi:si:z / hematochezia 便血/ˌhemətəˈki:ziə /fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪,吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便,脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难,尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿/ enjuəˈri:sis / frequency of urination 尿频/ˈjuəriˈneiʃən / micturiation排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿/ nɔkˈtjuəriə /oliguria 少尿/ˌɔliˈɡjuəriə /polyuria 多尿/ˌpɔliˈjuəriə /tenesmus 里急后重/ təˈnezməs /vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭,无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经,月经过多menstruation 月经/ˌmenstru:ˈeɪʃən /uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点/ˈju:tərain / bruise 挫伤,青肿acne 痤疮,粉刺desquamation 脱皮,脱屑/ˌdeskwəˈmeiʃən / ecchymosis 瘀斑/ekiˈməusis / loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈/ˈtə:ɡə / nevus 痣/ ni:vəs /papule 丘疹/ pæpjul /petechia 瘀点,瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹/ˌə:təˈkɛəriə /vesicle 小水疱/ˈvesikl /vitiligo 白斑/ˌvitiˈlaiɡəu /blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光,羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣/tiˈnaitəs /epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹,感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形,变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed (simplefracture 无创骨折,单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开(开放性骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany (肌强直,手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉,意识/ˈkɔnʃəsnɪs / convulsion 抽搐,惊厥/ kənˈvʌlʃən /delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高/ˌintrəˈkreiniəl / insanity 精神错乱/ɪnˈsænətɪ /loss of orientation 定向丧失/ɔ:rienˈteiʃən /mania 躁狂/ˈmeniə /memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损,遗忘症/æmˈniʒə / paraplegia 截瘫,下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy 昏睡,嗜睡stupor 木僵,昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, …… crisis脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…危象failure 衰竭,故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory failure中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊/ˌɔskəlˈteʃən /inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊/ pəˈkʌʃən /laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal touch 直肠(阴道指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent period 潜伏期/ˌɪnkjəˈbeɪʃən / prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期/ɪnˈsɪpiənt /quiescent stage 静止期/kwiˈɛsənt /alleviation 减轻,缓和/əˌli:vɪˈeɪʃən /remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复/ ri:həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən / sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的/ mɔrəˌbʌnd /course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症,指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症/ˈkɔntrəˌindiˈkeiʃən / side-effect 副作用sequel (sequela, after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法/ˈθerəpi s/acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy (chemo-therapy 化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法 daiə dietetic therapy 饮食疗法/ ɕdaiəɑtetik / operative treatment 手术疗法 palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法 psychotherapy 精神疗法 radical treatment 根治 radio-therapy 放射性疗法 supporting treatment 支持疗法 symptomatic treatment 对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩 cardiac pacing 心脏起博 electrotherapy 电疗法 electroshock treatment 电休克疗法 hemodialysis 血液透析/ ɕhi:məudaiɑælisis / hi:məhyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法 insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法 light therapy 光疗法 therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。
【免费下载】常用临床医学英文术语
delivery history 分娩史 etiology 病因学 family history 家族史 history, medical history 病史 precipitating（induced）诱因 marital status 婚姻状况 menstrual history 月经史 menarche 初潮 menopause 闭经 past history 既往史 pathogenesis 发病机制 personal history 个人史 symptoms 症状 cardinal symptom 主要症状 classical symptom 典型症状 concomitant symptom 伴发症状 constitutional（systemic） symptom 全身症状 indirect symptom 间接症状 induced symptom 诱发症状 local symptom 局部症状 mental symptom 精神症状 symptom-complex （syndrome）symptom 综合症，症候群 signs 体征 antecedent 前驱征 assident （accessory） 副征 commemorative 后遗症 sign of death 死征 diagnostic 诊断征 sign of disease 病征
常用临床医学英文术语
diseases 疾病 acute diseases 急性病 advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases 慢性病 communicable diseases 传染病 complicating diseases 并发病 congenital diseases 先天性疾病 acquired diseases 后天性疾病 contagious diseases 接触性传染病 endemic diseases 地方病 epidemic diseases 流行病 functional diseases 机能病、官能病 infectious diseases 传染病 inherited diseases 遗传病 malignant diseases 恶性病 nutritional diseases 营养病 occupation diseases 职业病 organic diseases 器质性病 paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病 periodical diseases 周期病 primary（principal）diseases 原发（主导）病 secondary diseases 继发病 sexual（venereal, social）diseases 性病 terminal diseases 绝症 wasting diseases 消耗性疾病 chief complaint 主诉 clinical manifestation 临床表现
医学检验英语专业术语
医学检验英语专业术语通常涉及到医学检验领域中的各种测试、技术、设备和结果解读。
以下是一些常见的医学检验英语专业术语：1. Clinical Laboratory -临床实验室2. Medical Laboratory Technician -医学实验室技术员3. Laboratory Testing -实验室检测4. Diagnostic Testing -诊断测试5. Blood Test -血液测试6. Urine Test -尿液测试7. DNA Testing - DNA测试8. Histopathology -组织病理学9. Cytopathology -细胞病理学10. Biochemical Testing -生物化学测试11. Hematology -血液学12. Immunology -免疫学13. Microbiology -微生物学14. Molecular Testing -分子测试15. Genetic Testing -遗传测试16. Serology -血清学17. Virology -病毒学18. Bacteriology -细菌学19. Mycology -真菌学20. Parasitology -寄生虫学21. Pharmacology -药理学22. Toxicology -毒理学23. Clinical Chemistry -临床化学24. Endocrinology -内分泌学25. Cardiology -心脏病学26. Neurology -神经病学27. Pulmonology -呼吸病学28. Gastroenterology -消化病学29. Rheumatology -风湿病学30. Nephrology -肾脏病学31. Oncology -肿瘤学32. HIV Testing - HIV测试33. PCR Testing - PCR测试（聚合酶链反应）34. ELISA Testing - ELISA测试（酶联免疫吸附试验）35. Western Blot -西方印迹36. Southern Blot -南方印迹37. Northern Blot -北方印迹38. Chromosome Analysis -染色体分析39. Flow Cytometry -流式细胞术40. Immunohistochemistry -免疫组化这些术语是医学检验专业中常用的英语表达，对于学习和工作在这个领域的人来说，掌握这些术语是非常重要的。
临床医学专业英语术语
临床医学专业英语术语专业简介: 临床医学主要研究基础医学、临床医学、全科医学、疾病诊疗等方面的基本知识和技能，在城乡、农村的社区卫生服务中心等基层医疗卫生机构进行疾病临床诊断与治疗等。
例如：感冒、发烧、外伤等基本疾病的诊断与治疗，传染病和流行性疾病的预防控制，心梗、血栓等危急重症的急救等。
开设课程: 药理学、诊断学、内科学、外科学、妇产科学、儿科学、预防医学、全科医学等。
一、人体解剖学人体解剖学（Human Anatomy）是研究人体结构和形态的基础医学学科，主要包括总体解剖学、局部解剖学、组织胚胎学、神经解剖学、功能解剖学等分支。
人体解剖学是医学生必修的基础课程之一，也是临床医学的重要基础。
以下是人体解剖学所涉及的部分术语：术语术语术语术语术语细胞 (Cell)组织 (Tissue)器官 (Organ)系统 (System)部位 (Region)骨骼 (Skeleton)骨 (Bone)关节 (Joint)韧带 (Ligament)软骨 (Cartilage)肌肉 (Muscle)肌纤维 (Muscle Fiber)肌腱 (Tendon)筋膜 (Fascia)肌肉收缩 (Muscle Contraction)血管 (Vessel)动脉 (Artery)静脉 (Vein)毛细血管(Capillary)淋巴管 (LymphaticVessel)心脏 (Heart)心房 (Atrium)心室 (Ventricle)心瓣膜 (HeartValve)心律失常(Arrhythmia)呼吸系统 (Respiratory System)鼻腔 (Nasal Cavity)咽喉 (Pharynx andLarynx)气管 (Trachea)支气管 (Bronchus)肺 (Lung)肺叶 (Lobe of Lung)肺泡 (Alveolus)胸腔 (ThoracicCavity)胸膜 (Pleura)消化系统 (Digestive System)口腔 (Oral Cavity)牙齿 (Tooth)咀嚼肌(MasticatoryMuscle)唾液腺 (SalivaryGland)食管 (Esophagus)胃 (Stomach)小肠 (Small Intestine)大肠 (LargeIntestine)肝脏 (Liver)胆囊和胆管系统(Gallbladder and Biliary System)胰腺(Pancreas)腹腔(AbdominalCavity)腹膜(Peritoneum)脾(Spleen)泌尿系统(UrinarySystem)肾(Kidney)输尿管(Ureter)膀胱(Bladder)尿道(Urethra)生殖系统(Reproductive System)性别染色体(SexChromosome)性腺(Gonad)性激素(SexHormone)性征(SexualCharacteristic)阴茎(Penis)阴囊(Scrotum)睾丸(Testis)附睾(Epididymis)输精管(Vas Deferens)前列腺(Prostate)尿道球腺(Bulbourethral Gland)精囊(SeminalVesicle)精液(Semen)勃起(Erection)阴道(Vagina)子宫(Uterus)卵巢(Ovary)输卵管(FallopianTube)卵子(Ovum)月经(Menstruation)排卵(Ovulation)受精(Fertilization)着床(Implantation)胎盘(Placenta)内分泌系统(Endocrine System)激素(Hormone)反馈机制(FeedbackMechanism)垂体(PituitaryGland)松果体(PinealGland)甲状腺(Thyroid Gland)副甲状腺(ParathyroidGland)胰岛(Islet ofLangerhans)肾上腺(AdrenalGland)性腺(Gonad)神经系统(Nervous System)神经元(Neuron)神经胶质细胞(Neuroglia Cell)神经纤维(NerveFiber)神经髓鞘(MyelinSheath)中枢神经系统(Central Nervous System)外周神经系统(Peripheral NervousSystem)自主神经系统(Autonomic NervousSystem)脑(Brain)脊髓(Spinal Cord)大脑皮层(Cerebral Cortex)大脑半球(CerebralHemisphere)脑干(Brainstem)小脑(Cerebellum)脑室(Ventricle)感觉器官(SensoryOrgan)视觉(Vision)听觉(Hearing)嗅觉(Olfaction)味觉(Gustation)触觉(Touch)眼(Eye)耳(Ear)鼻(Nose)舌(Tongue)角膜(Cornea)晶状体(Lens)视网膜(Retina)视神经(OpticNerve)眼肌(Eye Muscle)外耳(External Ear)中耳(Middle Ear)内耳(Inner Ear)鼓膜(TympanicMembrane)前庭(Vestibule)耳蜗(Cochlea)半规管(SemicircularCanal)听小骨(AuditoryOssicle)听神经(AuditoryNerve)平衡感(BalanceSense)二、生理学生理学（Physiology）是研究生命体的功能和活动规律的基础医学学科，主要包括细胞生理学、组织器官生理学、系统生理学、分子生理学、发育生理学、环境生理学等分支。
临床试验相关词汇中英对照
临床试验词汇中英文对照Accuracy 准确度Active control，AC 阳性对照，活性对照Adverse drug reaction，ADR 药物不良反应Adverse event，AE 不良事件Adverse medical events 不良医学事件Adverse reaction 药物不良反应Alb 白蛋白ALD（Approximate Lethal Dose）近似致死剂量ALP 碱性磷酸酶Alpha spending function 消耗函数ALT 丙氨酸氨基转换酶Analysis sets 统计分析的数据集Approval 批准Assistant investigator 助理研究者AST 天门冬酸氨基转换酶ATR 衰减全反射法AUCss 稳态血药浓度－时间曲线下面积Audit 稽查Audit or inspection 稽查／视察Audit report 稽查报告Auditor 稽查员Bias 偏性，偏倚Bioequivalence 生物等效应Blank control 空白对照Blind codes 编制盲底Blind review 盲态审核Blind review 盲态检查Blinding method 盲法Blinding/ masking 盲法，设盲Block 分段Block 层Block size 每段的长度BUN 尿素氮Carryover effect 延滞效应Case history 病历Case report form 病例报告表Case report form/ case record form，CRF 病例报告表，病例记录表Categorical variable 分类变量Cav 平均浓度CD 圆二色谱CL（clearance）清除率Clinical equivalence 临床等效性Clinical study 临床研究Clinical study report 临床试验的总结报告Clinical trial 临床试验Clinical trial application，CTA 临床试验申请Clinical trial exemption，CTX 临床试验免责Clinical trial protocol，CTP 临床试验方案Clinical trial/ study report 临床试验报告Cmax 峰浓度Co-investigator 合作研究者Comparison 对照Compliance 依从性Composite variable 复合变量Computer-assisted trial design，CATD 计算机辅助试验设计Confidence interval 可信区间Confidence level 置信水平Consistency test 一致性检验Contract research organization，CRO 合同研究组织Contract/ agreement 协议／合同Control group 对照组Coordinating committee 协调委员会Crea 肌酐CRF（case report form）病例报告表Crossover design 交叉设计Cross-over study 交叉研究Css 稳态浓度Cure 痊愈Data management 数据管理Database 建立数据库Descriptive statistical analysis 描述性统计分析DF 波动系统Dichotomies 二分类Diviation 偏差Documentation 记录／文件Dose-reaction relation 剂量－反应关系Double blinding 双盲Double dummy 双模拟Double dummy technique 双盲双模拟技术Double-blinding 双盲Drop out 脱落DSC 差示扫描热量计Effectiveness 疗效Electronic data capture，EDC 电子数据采集系统Electronic data processing，EDP 电子数据处理系统Emergency envelope 应急信件End point 终点Endpoint criteria/ measurement 终点指标Equivalence 等效性Essential documentation 必须文件Ethics committee 伦理委员会Excellent 显效Exclusion criteria 排除标准Factorial design 析因设计Failure 无效，失败Final point 终点Fixed-dose procedure 固定剂量法Forced titration 强制滴定Full analysis set 全分析集GC－FTIR 气相色谱－傅利叶红外联用GC－MS 气相色谱－质谱联用Generic drug 通用名药Global assessment variable 全局评价变量GLU 血糖Good clinical practice，GCP 药物临床试验质量管理规范Good manufacture practice，GMP 药品生产质量管理规范Good non-clinical laboratory practice，GLP 药物非临床研究质量管理规范Group sequential design 成组序贯设计Health economic evaluation，HEV 健康经济学评价Hypothesis test 假设检验Hypothesis testing 假设检验International Conference of Harmonization，ICH 人用药品注册技术要求国际技术协调会，国际协调会议Improvement 好转Inclusion criteria 入选标准Independent ethics committee，IEC 独立伦理委员会Information consent form，ICF 知情同意书Information gathering 信息收集Informed consent，IC 知情同意Initial meeting 启动会议Inspection 视察／检查Institution inspection 机构检查Institution review board，IBR 机构审查委员会Intention to treat 意向治疗（——临床领域）Intention-to –treat，ITT 意向性分析（－统计学）Interactive voice response system，IVRS 互动式语音应答系统Interim analysis 期中分析Investigator 研究者Investigator's brochure，IB 研究者手册IR 红外吸收光谱Ka 吸收速率常Last observation carry forward，LOCF 最接近一次观察的结转LC－MS 液相色谱－质谱联用LD50 板数致死剂量Logic check 逻辑检查LOQ （Limit of Quantitation）定量限LOCF，Last observation carry forward 最近一次观察的结转Lost of follow up 失访Marketing approval/ authorization 上市许可证Matched pair 匹配配对Missing value 缺失值Mixed effect model 混合效应模式Monitor 监查员Monitoring 监查Monitoring report 监查报告MRT 平均滞留时间MS 质谱MS－MS 质谱－质谱联用MTD（Maximum Tolerated Dose）最大耐受剂量Multicenter trial 多中心试验Multi-center trial 多中心试验New chemical entity，NCE 新化学实体New drug application，NDA 新药申请NMR 核磁共振谱Non-clinical study 非临床研究Non-inferiority 非劣效性Non-parametric statistics 非参数统计方法Obedience 依从性ODR 旋光光谱Open-blinding 非盲Open-label 非盲Optional titration 随意滴定Original medical record 原始医疗记录Outcome 结果Outcome assessment 结果指标评价Outcome measurement 结果指标Outlier 离群值Parallel group design 平行组设计Parameter estimation 参数估计Parametric statistics 参数统计方法Patient file 病人档案Patient history 病历Per protocol，PP 符合方案集Placebo 安慰剂Placebo control 安慰剂对照Polytomies 多分类Power 检验效能Precision 精密度Preclinical study 临床前研究Primary endpoint 主要终点Primary variable 主要变量Principal investigator 主要研究者Principle investigator，PI 主要研究者Product license，PL 产品许可证Protocol 试验方案Protocol 试验方案Protocol amendment 方案补正Quality assurance unit，QAU 质量保证部门Quality assurance，QA 质量保证Quality control，QC 质量控制Query list，query form 应用疑问表Randomization 随机化Randomization 随机Range check 范围检查Rating scale 量表Regulatory authorities，RA 监督管理部门Replication 可重复RSD 日内和日间相对标准差Run in 准备期Safety evaluation 安全性评价Safety set 安全性评价的数据集Sample size 样本含量Sample size 样本量，样本大小Scale of ordered categorical ratings 有序分类指标Secondary variable 次要变量Sequence 试验次序Serious adverse event，SAE 严重不良事件Serious adverse reaction，SAR 严重不良反应Seriousness 严重性Severity 严重程度Significant level 检验水准Simple randomization 简单随机Single blinding 单盲Single-blinding 单盲Site audit 试验机构稽查SOP 试验室的标准操作规程Source data verification，SDV 原始数据核准Source data，SD 原始数据Source document，SD 原始文件Specificity 特异性Sponsor 申办者Sponsor-investigator 申办研究者Standard curve 标准曲线Standard operating procedure，SOP 标准操作规程Statistic 统计量Statistical analysis plan 统计分析计划Statistical analysis plan 统计参数计划书Statistical analysis plan，SAP 统计分析计划Statistical model 统计模型Statistical tables 统计分析表Stratified 分层Study audit 研究稽查Subgroup 亚组Sub-investigator 助理研究者Subject 受试者Subject diary 受试者日记Subject enrollment 受试者入选Subject enrollment log 受试者入选表Subject identification code，SIC 受试者识别代码Subject recruitment 受试者招募Subject screening log 受试者筛选表Superiority 检验Survival analysis 生存分析SXRD 单晶X－射线衍射System audit 系统稽查T1/2 消除半衰期Target variable 目标变量T－BIL 总胆红素T－CHO 总胆固醇TG 热重分析TLC、HPLC 制备色谱Tmax 峰时间TP 总蛋白Transformation 变量变换Treatment group 试验组Trial error 试验误差Trial master file 试验总档案Trial objective 试验目的Trial site 试验场所Triple blinding 三盲Two one-side test 双单侧检验Unblinding 揭盲Unblinding 破盲Unexpected adverse event，UAE 预料外不良事件UV－VIS 紫外－可见吸收光谱Variability 变异Variable 变量Visual analogy scale 直观类比打分法Visual check 人工检查Vulnerable subject 弱势受试者Wash-out 清洗期Washout period 洗脱期Well-being 福利，健康临床采血相关词汇Intravenous injection(IV) 静脉注射Intravenous drip/Intravenously guttae(iv gtt)静脉滴注intramscular injection(IM) 肌内注射intradermal injections 皮内注射subcutaneous injections（SC）皮下注射disposable sterile injector 一次性无菌注射针injection set注射器disposable venous infusion needle一次性静脉输液针disposable infusion set 一次性使用输液器blood transfusion set输血器infusion bag液袋urine drainage bag集尿袋blood bag血袋medical catheter医用导管stainless steel needle不锈钢医用针管blood taking needle/ blood collection needle采血针Needle Holder 持针器Blood samples血样样本sample drawing/collection 采血/抽血needles 针vacutainer needles真空采血针tubes导管vacutainer tubes 真空管vacutainer holder 真空持针器tourniquet 止血带disinfection swabs 消毒海绵micropore tapedental rollsadhesive dressing 胶布敷料rubber gloves 橡皮手套pillow 枕头stopper 塞子（采血管的塞子）vacuum tubes真空管non-vacuum tubes 非真空管needle disposal box 穿刺针处理盒（利器处理盒）transfer and storage tubes 转移和存储管pipette 吸管吸液管移液管disposable pipettes一次性使用吸管centrifuge离心机swinging bucket rotor 浮桶式转头、吊桶式转头timer 计时器racks for tubes 试管架identification codes识别码mark/label the tubes标记导管freeze冷冻refrigerator 冰箱freezer 冰箱冷冻机Serum Separation Tube 血清分离试管Serum血清Plasma血浆whole blood 全血be inverted 倒垂的倒置的clot 凝块凝结Coagulate 凝固凝结clotting time 凝血时间minimally 最低限度地最低程度地maximally 最高限度地最高程度地Separation of serum or plasma 分离血清或血浆Hemolysis 溶血hemolyzed samples 溶血样本assays 含量测定analysis 分析（名词）analyze 分析（动词）analyzing 分析（动名词）non-frozen samples 非冷冻样本chemistry laboratories化学实验室Analytical procedures 分析程序Qualification 资质资格Personnel in the laboratory 实验室人员Field personnel 现场工作人员Internal quality control 内部质量控制External quality control 外部质量控制Hepatitis B 乙肝Hepatitis C 丙肝Positive 阳性Negative 阴性Measurement 测量pulse rate 脉搏Blood pressure 血压systolic blood pressure 收缩压diastolic blood pressure 舒张压hypertensives 高血压hypotension 低血压antihypertensive drug 抗高血压药mercury sphygmomanometer 水银式血压计mercury column 水银柱serum total cholesterol 血清总胆固醇lipid lowering drug 降脂药Obesity 肥胖症Blood Glucose 血糖BMI (body mass index) 体重指数Overweight 超重sample size 样本大小statistically 统计上地，统计地statistical precision 统计精度sub-groups亚群Recruitment招募Ethical 伦理的道德的Legal 法律的合法的Data in electronic format 电子版数据back-up data 备查资料常用临床医学英文术语cough 咳嗽asthma 哮喘pneumonia 肺炎heart disease 心脏病arrhythmia 心律不齐indigestion 消化不良gastritis 胃炎appendicitis 盲肠炎hepatitis 肝炎dermatitis皮炎freckle/ephelis 痣，雀斑acne 粉刺flu 流感diarrhoea 痢疾quarantine 检疫vaccinate 打疫苗endemic 水土不服relapse 复发症casualty急症stupor 昏迷sprain 扭伤scalding 烫伤graze 擦伤scratch 搔挠trauma 外伤bruise 淤伤fracture骨折dislocation 脱臼tinnitus耳鸣trachoma沙眼colour blindness 色盲nearsightedness/myopia近视astigmatism 散光gingivitis 牙龈炎cavity 龋齿fever 发烧discomfort/disorder 不适malnutrition 营养不良incubation 潜伏期asthenia 虚弱poisoning 中毒fatigue 疲劳heat stroke 中暑itching 发痒ache/pain 痛tetanus 破伤风night sweat 盗汗chill 打冷颤pale 脸色发白shuddering 发抖inflammation 炎症acute 急症chronic 慢性病congenital 先天性病nausea恶心vomit 呕吐diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary（principal）diseases原发（主导）病secondary diseases 继发病sexual（venereal, social）diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating（induced）诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史menarche 初潮menopause闭经past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制personal history 个人史symptoms 症状cardinal symptom 主要症状classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状constitutional（systemic）symptom 全身症状indirect symptom 间接症状induced symptom 诱发症状local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状symptom-complex （syndrome）symptom 综合症，症候群signs体征antecedent 前驱征assident （accessory）副征commemorative 后遗症sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征body length （height of the body）身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质compulsive position 被动体位critical facies 病危面容emaciation 消瘦enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻exophthalmos 眼球突出flushed face 面色潮红gain （loss）in weight 增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动nystagmus 眼震obesity 肥胖pallor 苍白scolisis 脊柱侧凸agitation 焦急不安debility, weakness 虚弱diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗dizziness, vertigo 眩晕lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠malaise 不适night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷perspiration, sweating 出汗pruritus, itching 痒，somasthenia 躯体无力tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿acidosis 酸中毒adhesion 粘连alkalosis 碱中毒allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良congestion 充血dehydration 脱水distention 膨胀edema 水肿embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱gangrene 坏疽hematoma 血肿hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarction 梗塞，梗死infection 传染inflammation 炎症ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒metastasis 转移perforation 穿孔necrosis 坏死shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成ulceration 溃疡fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热relapsing fever 回归热pain 痛burning pain 灼痛chest（flank,…）pain 胸（胁腹…）痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛radiating pain （pain radiating to…）放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina 绞痛cardiac angina 心绞痛backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛migraine 偏头痛rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息asthma 气喘，哮喘Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表hypoxia 低氧，缺氧orthopnea 端坐呼吸respiratory arrest 呼吸停止suffocation 窒息tachypnea 呼吸急促fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全cardiac arrest 心搏骤停cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大cyanosis 发绀，青紫distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张extrasystole 期外收缩gallop rhythm 奔马律hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少palpitation 心悸tachycardia 心动过速pneumothorax 气胸thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难eructation 嗳气belching 嗳气flatulence 气胀flatus 肠胃气，屁gaseous distention 胃胀气hematemesis 呕血hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心pyrosis 胃灼热regurgitation 反胃，回流thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂ascites 腹水board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管hemorrhoid 痔hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大intussusception 肠套叠jaundice 黄疸muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde （reversed）peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石，石biliary calculus 胆结石vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘defecation 排便diarrhea 腹泻incontinence of feces 大便失禁hematochezia 便血fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry （black）stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿frequency of urination 尿频micturation 排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿oliguria 少尿polyuria 多尿tenesmus 里急后重vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑ecchymosis 瘀斑loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈nevus 痣papule 丘疹petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹vesicle 小水疱vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed （simple）fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany （肌）强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识convulsion 抽搐，惊厥delirium 谵妄delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高insanity 精神错乱loss of orientation 定向丧失mania 躁狂memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, （lethargy）昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral （febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……）crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure 衰竭，故障centra（circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory）failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal （vaginal）touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation （latent）period 潜伏期prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期quiescent stage 静止期alleviation 减轻，缓和remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence （recovery）stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复relapse 复发sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症side-effect 副作用sequel （sequela）, after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy （chemo-therapy）化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法Urine Analyzer 尿液分析仪blood sugar（glucose ）analyzer血糖分析仪test strip 测试条reagent 试剂Semi-automatic Biochemical Analyzer半自动生化分析仪Automatic Blood Cell Analyzer全自动血细胞分析仪Urine sediments analyzer尿沉渣Bio-safety Cabinet 生物安全柜Incubator培养箱High Frequency Electrotome 高频电刀shadowless lamp无影灯High speed refrigerated centrifuge高速冷冻离心机hot air sterilizer热空气消毒箱microbiological incubator微生物培养箱Halogen light 卤素灯needle destroyer针头销毁器automatic packer自动纸塑包装机scalp vein set头皮针uniprocessor version单机版network version网络版macromolecule-solvent 高分子溶解的macromolecule cold accumulation 高分子蓄冷cold treatment冷疗法ice pack冰袋eyeshade 眼罩Medical injection pump医用灌注泵lithotrite 碎石机extracorporeal shock wave lithotrite体外冲击碎石机Ballistic intracroporeal lithotrite 气压冲击体内碎石机Laparoscope 腹腔镜Urology 泌尿外科kidney stones 肾结石Multi-parameter monitor, 多参数监护仪maternal monitor/fetal monitor母亲/胎儿监护仪ICU monitor 重症监护仪anesthetic equipment 麻醉机respirator呼吸机electronic colposcope 电子阴道镜smog absorber烟雾吸收器digital film room 数字胶片室Permanent Magnet Open Magnetic Resonance system 永磁开放式磁共振系统Ultrasonic Color Doppler Diagnostic system彩色超声多普勒诊断系统Mobile CT system 移动CT系统X-ray Mammary Machine 乳腺X线机Mammography乳腺high precision Stereotaxic 高精度脑立体定向仪portable Type-B ultrasonic 便携式B超Sterilization and Disinfection Equipment消毒灭菌设备Radiotherapeutic equipment.放射疗法设备pharmaceutical equipments.制药设备horizontal pressurized steam sterilizer普通卧式压力蒸汽灭菌器medical electronic linear accelerator医用电子直线加速器high frequency X-rays diagnostic machine高频X射线诊断机simulated positioner模拟定位机high frequency mobile X-rays machine高频移动X射线机医疗卫生人员职衔职称主任医师（讲课）：Professor of Medicine主任医师（医疗）：Professor of Treatment儿科主任医师：Professor of Paediatrics主治医师：Doctor-in-charge外科主治医师：Surgeon-in-charge内科主治医师：Physician-in-charge眼科主治医师：Oculist-in-charge妇科主治医师：Gynaecologist-in-charge牙科主治医师：Dentist-in-charge医师：Doctor医士：Assistant Doctor主任药师：Professor of Pharmacy主管药师：Pharmacist-in-charge药师：Pharmacist药士：Assistant Pharmacist主任护师：Professor of Nursing主管护师：Nurse-in-charge护师：Nurse Practitioner护士：Nurse主任技师：Senior Technologist主管技师：Technologist-in-charge技师：Technologist技士：Technician常用抗菌药物青霉素类青霉素(G) Penicillin(G) Benzylpenicillin, 苄青霉素, 盘尼西林青霉素V Penicillin V Phenoxymethylpenicillin, Blinvan, Ospen, 苯氧甲基青霉素苄星青霉素Benzathine Penicillin 长效西林, 长效青霉素, 比西林, LPG, 苄星青氨苄西林Ampicillin 安比西林, 氨苄青霉素, 安必仙, 安必林, 安比林阿莫西林Amoxicillin 特力士, 弗来莫星, 羟氨苄青霉素, 益萨林, 阿莫仙, 安福喜, 本原莫星巴氨西林Bacampicillin 美洛平, 氨卡西林, 氨苄青霉素甲戊酯阿洛西林Azlocillin 阿乐欣, 咪氨苄西林, 氧咪苄青霉素, Azlin美洛西林Mezlocillin 天林, Baypen, Mezlin, Baycipen替卡西林Ticarcillin 羧噻吩青霉素, 的卡西林, Nonapen, Ticarpen酞氨西林Talampicillin 氨苄青霉素酞酯, 酞氨苄青霉素, 酞氨苄西林, TAPC, Talpen夫苄西林Furbenicillin 呋脲苄青霉素, 呋苄青霉素, 呋氨西林, 呋喃酰脲苄青霉素氟氯西林Flucloxacillin 氟氯苯唑青霉素, 氟沙星, 福氯平, Floxapen羧苄西林Carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素, 卡比西林, 羧苄青阿扑西林Aspoxicillim 天冬羟氨青霉素, Doyle, ASPC匹氨西林Pivampicillin 氨苄西林酯, 匹凡西林, 匹呋西林, 吡呋氨卡西林双氯西林Dicloxacillin 双氯青, Dynapen, Consaphyl, Stampen, Diflor甲氧西林Meticillin 新青霉素Ⅰ, 美替西林, Azapen, Penysol苯唑西林钠Oxacillin Sodium 新青霉素Ⅱ, 苯唑青霉素钠, 苯甲异噁唑青霉素奈夫西林Nafcillin 新青霉素Ⅲ, 乙氧萘青霉素匹美西林Pivmecillinam 氮卓咪青霉素双酯, Celfuron, Melysin仑氨苄西林Lenampicillin Varacillin, Takacillin美西林Mecillinam Selexidleo, Selexid, Coactin, Amdinocillin, 氮卓脒青霉素哌拉西林钠Piperacillin Sodium 氧哌嗪青霉素, 哔哌西林, 哌氨苄青霉素Avocin, Orocin, Pipril氯唑西林钠Cloxacillin Sodium 邻氯青霉素钠, 氯唑青, Orbenin阿帕西林钠Apalcillin Sodium 萘啶青霉素钠, APPC, Lumota, Elumota, Palcin磺苄西林钠Sulbenicillin Sodium 磺苄青霉素钠, 卡他西林, 格达西林Sulfocillin, Lilacillin, Kedacillin青霉素V钾Phenoxymethylpenicillin Potassiume 6–苯氧乙酰胺基青霉烷酸钾, Cillaphen Distaquaine VK, Compocillin VK, Dowpen VK Cilicaine VK, Apopen, Biopen海他西林钾Hetacillin Potassium 缩酮氨苄青霉素钾, Etacillin, Veisapen卡茚西林钠Carindacillin Sodium Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium, Geopen, Geocillin 治平霉素替莫西林二钠Temocillin Disodium Temopen头孢菌素类第一代头孢噻吩钠Cefalotin Sodium 先锋Ⅰ号, 头孢金素, 噻孢霉素, CET头孢噻啶Cefaloridine 先锋Ⅱ号, 头孢利素, CER, Kafspor头孢来星Cefaloglycine 先锋Ⅲ号, 头孢甘酸, Kafocin, Kefglycin头孢氨苄Cefalexin 先锋Ⅳ号, 苯甘孢霉素, 头孢力新, CEX头孢唑啉钠Cefazolin Sodium 先锋Ⅴ号, 塞福宁, 西华乐林, 先锋啉, 凯复唑Cefalin, CEX, Cefamedin, Kefzol, Cramaxin头孢拉定Cefradine 先锋Ⅵ号, 头孢雷定, 头孢瑞丁, 头孢环已烯，泛捷复, Velosef, CED, 塞福定头孢乙腈Cefacetrile 先锋Ⅶ号, 头孢腈甲, 头孢赛曲头孢匹林Cefapirin 先锋Ⅷ号, 头孢吡硫, Ceta-Dri头孢硫脒Cefathiamidine 先锋18, 吡脒头孢头孢克洛Cefaclor 赐福乐素, 新达乐, 头孢氯氨苄, Ceclor, 希刻劳，头孢克罗, 可福乐, 氯头孢菌素, CCL头孢羟氨苄Cefadroxil Cefadril, Kefroxil, 羟氨苄头孢菌素, 欧意, CDX，Duracef, Bidocef, Cefamx头孢沙定Cefroxadine 头孢环烯氨, ORASPON, CGP-9000, CXD头孢罗齐Cefprozil 头孢丙烯, Cefzil头孢替唑Ceftezole 特子社复, Tezacef, Alomen第二代头孢呋辛钠Cefuroxime Sodium 头孢呋肟, 赐福乐信, 舒贝洛, 西力欣, 特力欣, 明可欣, CXM, Zinacef, Monacef, Ketocef, Furex Kesiut, Supero头孢替安Cefotiam 噻乙胺唑头孢菌素, 头孢噻乙胺唑, 泛司博林, 泛司颇灵, Pansparin, Halospor, CTM头孢呋辛酯Cefuroxime Axetil 头孢呋肟酯, 新菌灵, 西力达, 头孢呋新乙酰乙酯Zinnat头孢西丁Cefoxitin 头孢氧唑, 甲氧头霉噻吩, 噻吩甲氧头孢菌素, 美福仙, 甲氧头霉噻吩, CXT, CFX头孢尼西二钠Cefonicid Disodium 铭乐希, Monocid, Cefonicid, Cefodie, Cefol头孢孟多Cefamandole 头孢羟唑, 羟苄四唑头孢菌素, Mandolkef, CMT, Cefadole, Mandol头孢美唑钠Cefmetazole Sodium 先锋美他醇, 氰唑甲氧头孢菌素, 头孢氰四唑,头孢美他唑, CEFMETAZON, CMZ, Cemetol头孢布宗Cefbuperazone 头孢拉宗, Keiperazon, Tomiporan, Cefobutazine, CBPZ 头孢雷特Ceforanide 头孢氨甲苯唑, 头孢苄胺四唑, 氨苄唑头孢菌素Precef第三代头孢地尼Cefdinir Cefzon头孢布坦Ceftibuten 头孢布烯, Cedax头孢卡品Cefcapene Pivoxil 头孢卡喷新戊酰氧甲酯, Flomox头孢噻肟钠Cefotaxime Sodium 头孢氨噻肟, 泰可欣, 塞福隆, 菌必灭, 治菌必妥, 凯福隆, 凯复龙, 头孢噻肟, 喜福得, Claforan, CTX头孢曲松钠Ceftriaxone Sodium 头孢三嗪, 头孢泰克松, 罗氏芬, 罗噻嗪, 菌必治, 菌得治, 头孢三嗪噻肟, 泛生舒复, 西华瑞隆, Rocephin, Ro-139904, CTRX 头孢哌酮钠Cefoperazone Sodium 头孢氧哌唑, 先锋必, 头孢必, 达诺欣, 塞福必，Cefobid, T-1551, CPZ头孢他啶Ceftazidime 头孢塔齐定, 头孢羧甲噻肟, 复达欣, 凯复定, Glazidine, Fortaz, Eposerin, Modocin, Fotrum, Tazidime, CTZ, Spectrum, Eposerin, Modocin头孢唑肟Ceftizoxime 头孢去甲噻肟, 益保世灵, 安保速灵, Epocelin CZX, CEFTIZOX头孢克肟Cefixime 头孢烯噻羟肟, 世伏素, 世福素, FK027, Suprax, CFIX , CEFSPAN头孢甲肟Cefmenoxime 头孢氨噻肟唑, 倍司特克, BESTCALL, CMX头孢地嗪Cefodizime 头孢双唑, 莫敌, 莫敌威, Modivid, Timcef头孢匹胺Cefpiramide 先福吡兰, 甲吡唑头孢菌素, 头孢吡胺, CPM，Cefpiran, Sepatren头孢特仑酯Cefteram Pivoxil 头孢特仑新戊酰氧甲酯, 托米仑, 头孢他美酯，富山龙, Tomiron头孢磺吡苄钠Cefsulodin Sodium 头孢磺吡酮, 头孢磺啶钠, 磺吡苄头孢菌素钠，达克舒林, Cefsulodine, Takesulin, CFS, SCE129拉他头孢Latamoxef 羟羧氧酰胺菌素, 拉氧头孢, 头孢拉坦, 噻吗灵Moxalactam, Shiomarin, Moxam, LMOX头孢米诺Cefminox 氨羧甲氧头孢菌素, 美土灵, Meicelin头孢咪唑Cefpimizole Benilan, SPIE, Ajicef头孢替坦二钠Cefotetan Disodium 双硫唑甲氧头孢霉素, Yamatetan, CTT, Cefotan第四代头孢唑喃钠Cefuzonam Sodium Cosmosin, CZON氟氧头孢钠Flomoxef Sodium 氟莫克西, 6315-S头孢匹罗Cefpirome 头孢吡隆, 氨噻肟吡戊头孢其它Β-内酰胺类亚胺培南Imipenem 伊米配能, 亚胺硫霉素, NFT氯曲南Aztreonam 菌克单, 君刻单, 噻肟单酰胺菌素, AZACTAM，Primbactam, Primbactin, SQ-26776氟罗培南Faropenem 福劳派南, Farom苄西林/氯唑西林Ampicillin/Cloxacillin 复方安比西林, 爱罗苏, 氨氯西林, 白罗仙, 淋必清, Pinocine亚胺培南/西司他丁Imipenem/Cilastatin 亚胺硫霉素/西拉司丁, 泰能, TIENAM, PRIMAXIN阿莫西林/氟氯西林Amoxicillin/Flucloxacillin 氟羟西林, 新灭菌, Biflocin, Infectrin三羟阿莫西林/单羟双氯西林Amoxycillin Trihydrate/Dicloxacillin康彼身, 克菌, CompliscanΒ-内酰胺类抗生类+Β-内酰胺酶抑制剂氨苄西林/舒巴坦Ampicillin/Sulbactam 强力安必仙, 舒他西林, 优力新, 新凯兰欣, 舒氨欣, Unasyn, Sultamicillin头孢哌酮/舒巴坦Cefoperazone/Sulbactam 舒普深, 舒哌酮, Sulperazone头孢噻肟/舒巴坦Cefotaxime/Sulbactam 新治菌哌拉西林/他佐巴坦Piperacillin/Tazobactam Tazocin, YP-14阿莫西林/克拉维酸Amoxillin/Clavulanic Acid 安灭菌, 安美汀, 奥格门汀, 安美汀, 阿莫克拉Augmentin, BRL25000替卡西林/克拉维酸Ticarcillin/Clavulanic Acid 泰门汀, 特泯菌, 特美汀, Timentin舒巴坦Sulbactam 舒巴克坦, 陪他美, 青霉烷砜氨基糖甙类链霉素Streptomycin RIMACTANE, RIFAMPINN, ovostrep庆大霉素Gentamycin 庆大霉素C, 瑞贝克, 正泰霉素庆大霉素链Gentamicin Chains 塞透派勒链, Septopal妥布霉素Tobramycin 立可信软膏，点必舒眼药水（妥布＋地塞米松）泰星，妥布拉霉素，托普霉素，NEBCIN，Factorb, Brulamycin, Tobra, Nebramycin, Gernebcin, Obracine小诺霉素Micronomicin 小诺米星, 沙加霉素, 相模霉素, Sagamicin, Kw-1062, MCR核糖霉素Ribostamycin 威他霉素, 维生霉素, Vistamycin, Ibistacin大观霉素Spectinomycin 奇霉素, 壮观霉素, 淋必治, 奈毒素, Spectram, 克淋, Trobicin, Kirin阿米卡星Amikacin 丁胺卡那霉素, Amikin, Likacin西索米星Sisomicin 西梭霉素, 西索霉素, 紫苏霉素, Sisomin, Sipeptin奈替米星Netilmicin 乙基西梭霉素, 奈特, 奈替霉素, 乙基西素米星, 立克菌星, 乙基紫苏毒素, Ethylsisomicin, Vectacin, Zetamicn, Certomycin, NETROMYCIN异帕米星Isepamicin 依克沙霉素, HAPA-B, Exacin阿司米星Astromicin 阿司霉素, 福提霉素, 武夷霉素, 强壮霉素FORTIMICIN, Kw-1070, ASTM, Fortimicin地贝卡星Dibekacin 双去氧卡那霉素B, Dideoxykanamycin B, DKB, 达苄霉素, Icacine依替米星Etimicin 悉能磷霉素类磷霉素Fosfomycin 福赐美仙, Phosphonomycin, Fosfocina, FOＭ磷霉素氨基丁三醇Fosfomycin Tromethamine Monurol喹诺酮类第二代吡哌酸Pipemidic Acid PPA第三代诺氟沙星Nofloxacin 氟哌酸, 淋克星, Fulgram, Noroxin, AM-715 MK-0366, Brazan, Baccidal环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin 悉复欣, 悉普欣, 悉普宁, 丽珠环丙, 特美力，环丙氟哌酸, 健宝灵, CIPRO, Bay-0-9867, Ciprobay, Ciproxin培氟沙星Pefloxacin 培福新, 甲氟哌酸, 倍泰, Peflacine洛美沙星Lomefloxacin 洛威, 罗氟酸, 欣美罗, 多龙, Bareon芦氟沙星Rufloxacin 如氟沙星左旋氧氟沙星Levofloxacin 可乐必妥, 左氟沙星, Cravit依诺沙星Enoxacin 氟啶酸, 福禄马, 复克, FLUMARK, GYRAMID，Flumark氟罗沙星Fleroxacin 复诺定, 多氟哌酸, 喹诺敌, 麦加乐定, 沃尔得FLX, Megelone, Quinodis, Ro-236240, AM-833氧氟沙星Ofloxacin 氟嗪酸, 秦利必妥, 泰利特, 奥复星, 康泰必妥, 竹安新, TARIVID, 赞诺欣, Zanoxin, Oflocin, 泰利得, 正康培氟沙星Pefloxacin 甲氟哌酸, 培氟哌酸, 培福新, 倍宁, Pefalcine。
临床实验常用缩写英文
临床实验常用缩写英文临床实验是医学领域中进行药物研发和治疗方法评估的重要环节。
为了方便专业人士之间的交流和信息传递，临床实验中常使用一些缩写的英文术语。
本文将介绍一些常用的临床实验缩写英文及其对应的含义。
1. ADME：吸收（absorption）、分布（distribution）、代谢（metabolism）、排泄（excretion）。
该缩写用于描述在药物体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄等过程。
2. ADR：不良药物反应（Adverse Drug Reaction）。
用于描述患者在接受药物治疗过程中出现的不良反应或副作用。
3. AE：不良事件（Adverse Event）。
与ADR类似，用于描述患者在治疗过程中出现的任何不良事件或反应。
4. BLA：生物类似药（Biologics License Application）。
是指生物医药产品的许可申请，通常用于申请生物类似药的上市许可。
5. CRO：合同研究组织（Contract Research Organization）。
专门从事临床试验的服务机构，负责执行和管理临床试验项目。
6. CT：临床试验（Clinical Trial）。
用于描述进行人类临床试验的过程和方法。
7. DDI：药物相互作用（Drug-Drug Interaction）。
用于描述两种或多种药物在体内相互影响的情况。
8. EOD：每日一次（Every Other Day）。
用于描述用药频率，表示每隔一天一次。
9. GCP：良好临床实践（Good Clinical Practice）。
是临床研究的国际质量标准，确保临床试验的安全性和质量。
10. IND：新药批准申请（Investigational New Drug Application）。
用于描述新药研发过程中提交给监管机构的申请文件。
11. NDA：新药申请（New Drug Application）。
是用于申请新药上市许可的文件。
临床试验术语英汉对照
临床试验常用的英文Accuracy正确度Active control, AC阳性比较，活性比较Adverse drug reaction, ADR药物不良反响Adverse event, AE不良事件Adverse medical events不良医学事件Adverse reaction药物不良反响Alb白蛋白ALD（ Approximate Lethal Dose）近似致死剂量ALP碱性磷酸酶ALT丙氨酸氨基变换酶Analysis sets统计剖析的数据集Approval赞同Assistant investigator助理研究者AST天门冬酸氨基变换酶ATR衰减全反射法AUCss稳态血药浓度－时间曲线下边积Audit稽察Audit or inspection稽察／视察Audit report稽察报告Auditor稽察员BiasBioequivalenceBlank controlBlind codesBlind reviewBlinding methodBlinding/ maskingBlockBlock sizeBUNCarryover effectCase historyCase report form/ case record form, CRF Categorical variableCavCLClinical equivalenceClinical studyClinical study reportClinical trialClinical trial application, CTAClinical trial exemption, CTXClinical trial protocol, CTPClinical trial/ study report 偏性，偏倚生物等效应空白比较编制盲底盲态审察盲法盲法，设盲分段每段的长度尿素氮延滞效应病历病例报告表，病例记录表分类变量均匀浓度除去率临床等效应临床研究临床试验的总结报告临床试验临床试验申请临床试验免责临床试验方案临床试验报告C maxCo-investigatorComparisonComplianceComposite variableComputer-assisted trial design, CATD Confidence intervalConfidence levelConsistency testContract research organization, CRO Contract/ agreementControl groupCoordinating committeeCreaCRF(case report form)Crossover designCross-over studyCssCureData managementDatabaseDescriptive statistical analysisDFDichotomies 峰浓度合作研究者比较允从性复合变量计算机协助试验设计可信区间置信水平一致性查验合同研究组织协议／合同比较组协调委员会肌酐病例报告表交错设计交错研究稳浓度康复数据管理成立数据库描绘性统计剖析颠簸系统二分类DiviationDocumentationDose-reaction relationDouble blindingDouble dummyDouble dummy technique Double-blindingDrop outEffectivenessElectronic data capture, EDC Electronic data processing, EDP Emergency envelopeEnd pointEndpoint criteria/ measurement EquivalenceEssential documentation Ethics committeeExcellentExclusion criteriaFactorial designFailureFinal pointFixed-dose procedureForced titration 偏差记录／文件剂量－反响关系双盲双模拟双盲双模拟技术双盲零落疗效电子数据采集系统电子数据办理系统应急信函终点终点指标等效性一定文件伦理委员会显效清除标准析因设计无效，失败终点固定剂量法强迫滴定Full analysis set全剖析集GC－ FTIR气相色谱－傅利叶红外联用GC－ MS气相色谱－质谱联用Generic drug通用名药Global assessment variable全局评论变量GLU血糖Good clinical practice, GCP药物临床试验质量管理规范Good manufacture practice, GMP药品生产质量管理规范Good non-clinical laboratory practice,药物非临床研究质量管理规范GLPGroup sequential design成组序贯设计Hypothesis test假定查验International Conference of Harmonization,ICH人用药品注册技术要求国际技术协调会，国际协调会议Improvement好转Inclusion criteria当选标准Independent ethics committee, IEC独立伦理委员会Information consent form, ICF知情赞同书Information gathering信息采集Informed consent, IC知情赞同Initial meeting启动会议Inspection视察／检查Institution inspection机构检查Institution review board, IBR机构审察委员会Intention to treat意愿治疗（--临床领域）Intention-to– treat, ITT意愿性剖析 ( －统计学）Interim analysis期中剖析Investigator研究者Investigator’s brochure, IB研究者手册IR红外汲取光谱Ka汲取速率常Last observation carry forward, LOCF最靠近一次察看的结转LC－ MS液相色谱－质谱联用LD多半致死剂量50Logic check逻辑检查LOQ (Limit of Quantitation)定量限LOCF, Last observation carry forward近来一次察看的结转Lost of follow up失访Marketing approval/ authorization上市允许证Matched pair般配配对Missing value缺失值Mixed effect model混淆效应模式Monitor监查员Monitoring监查Monitoring report监查报告MRT均匀滞留时间MTD（ Maximum Tolerated Dose）最大耐受剂量Multi-center trial多中心试验New chemical entity, NCE新化学实体New drug application, NDA NMRNon-clinical studyNon-inferiorityNon-parametric statistics ObedienceODROpen-blindingOpen-labelOptional titrationOriginal medical record OutcomeOutcome assessment Outcome measurement OutlierParallel group design Parameter estimation Parametric statistics Patient filePatient historyPer protocol, PP PlaceboPlacebo control Polytomies 新药申请核磁共振谱非临床研究非劣效性非参数统计方法允从性旋光光谱非盲非盲任意滴定原始医疗记录结果结果指标评论结果指标离群值平行组设计参数预计参数统计方法病人档案病历切合方案集宽慰剂宽慰剂比较多分类PowerPrecisionPreclinical studyPrimary endpointPrimary variablePrincipal investigator Principle investigator, PI Product license, PL ProtocolProtocol amendment Quality assurance unit, QAU Quality assurance, QA Quality control, QCQuery list, query form RandomizationRange checkRating scaleRegulatory authorities, RA ReplicationRSDRun inSafety evaluationSafety setSample size 查验效能精细度临床前研究主要终点主要变量主要研究者主要研究者产品允许证试验方案方案补正质量保证部门质量保证质量控制应用疑问表随机化范围检查量表监察管理部门可重复日内和白天相对标准差准备期安全性评论安全性评论的数据集样本量，样本大小Scale of ordered categorical ratings Secondary variableSequenceSerious adverse event, SAE Serious adverse reaction, SAR SeriousnessSeveritySignificant levelSimple randomizationSingle-blindingSite auditSource data verification, SDV Source data, SDSource document, SDSpecificitySponsorSponsor-investigatorStandard curveStandard operating procedure, SOP StatisticStatistical analysis plan, SAP Statistical modelStatistical tablesStratified 有序分类指标次要变量试验序次严重不良事件严重不良反响严重性严重程度查验水平简单随机单盲试验机构稽察原始数据赞同原始数据原始文件特异性申办者申办研究者标准曲线标准操作规程统计量统计剖析计划统计模型统计剖析表分层Study auditSubgroupSub-investigatorSubjectSubject diarySubject enrollmentSubject enrollment log Subject identification code, SIC Subject recruitmentSubject screening log SuperioritySurvival analysisSXRDSystem auditT 研究稽察亚组助理研究者受试者受试者日志受试者当选受试者当选表受试者辨别代码受试者招募受试者挑选表查验生计剖析单晶 X－射线衍射系统稽察除去半衰期Target variable T－ BILT－ CHOTGTLC、 HPLCT maxTP Transformation Treatment group 目标变量总胆红素总胆固醇热重剖析制备色谱峰时间总蛋白变量变换试验组Trial errorTrial master fileTrial objectiveTrial siteTriple blindingTwo one-side testUnblindingUnexpected adverse event, UAE UV－ VISVariabilityVariableVisual analogy scaleVisual checkVulnerable subjectWash-out periodWell-being 试验偏差试验总档案试验目的试验场所三盲双单侧查验揭盲料想外不良事件紫外－可见汲取光谱变异变量直观类比打分法人工检查弱势受试者洗改期福利，健康。
常用临床医学术语5
●Date of Admission[入院日期]●Date of Discharge[出院日期]●Pirncipal Diagnosis[主要诊断]●Secondary Diagnosis[次要诊断]●Complications[并发症]●Operation[手术名称]●Reason for Admission[入院理由]●Physical Findings[阳性体征]●Lab/X-ray Findings[化验及放射报告]●Hospital Course[住院诊治经过]●Condition[出院状况]●Disposition[出院去向]●Medications[出院用药]●Prognosis[预后]●Special Instruction to the Patient(diet, physical activity)[出院指导（饮食，活●动量）]●Follow-up Care[随随访]6、住院/出院病历首页[Admission/discharge record]·Patient name[病人姓名]·race[种族]·address[地址]·religion[宗教]·medical service[科别]·admit (discharge) date[入院（出院）日期]·Length of stay [住院天数]·guarantor name [担保人姓名]·next of kin or person to notify[需通知的亲属姓名]·relation to patient[与病人关系]·previous admit date[上次住院日期]·admitting physician [入院医生]·attending phgsician[主治医生]·admitting diagnosis[入院诊断]·final (principal) diagnosis[最终（主要）诊断]·secondary diagnosis[次要诊断]·adverse reactions (complications)[副作用（合并症）]·incision type[切口类型]·healing course[愈合等级]·operative (non-operative) procedures[手术（非手术）操作]·nosocomial infection[院内感染]·consutants[会诊]·Critical-No. of times[抢救次数]·recovered-No. of times[成功次数]·Diagnosis qualitative analysis[诊断质量]OP.adm.and discharge Dx concur [门诊入院与出院诊断符合率]Clinical and pathological Dx concur[临床与病理诊断符合率]Pre- and post-operative Dx concur [术前术后诊断符合率] ·Dx determined with in 24 hours (3 days) after admission[入院后24小时（3天）内确诊]·Discharge status[出院状况]recovered[治愈]improved[好转]not improved[未愈]died [死亡]·Dispositon[去向]home[家]against medical ad[自动出院]autosy[尸检]transferred to[转院到]第十八章附录[Appendix]附1 常用解剖术语[anatomic terms]1、总论[Introduction]·superior[上]·inferior[下]·Cranial[头侧]·Caudal[尾侧]·anterior[前]·posterior[后]·ventral[腹侧]·dorsal[背侧]·medial[内侧]·lateral[外侧]·internal[内]·external[外]·superficial[浅]·profundal[深]·proximal[近侧]·distal[远侧]·ulnar[尺侧]·radial[桡侧]·tibial[胫侧]·fibular[腓侧]2、运动系统[locomotor (kinetic) system]·vertebrae[椎骨]·cervical vevtebrae[颈椎]·thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]·lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]·sacrum[骶骨]·sternum[胸骨]·rib[肋骨]·thoracic cage[胸廓]·skull[颅]·frontal bone[额骨]·parietal bone[顶骨]·occipital bone[枕骨]·temporal bone[颞骨]·sphenoid bone[蝶骨]·ethmoid bone[筛骨]·mandible (submaxilla)[下颌骨]·maxilla (supermaxilla)[上颌骨]·nasal bone[鼻骨]·coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture [冠状（矢状，人字）缝] ·orbit[眶]·clavicle[锁骨]·scapula (shoulder blade)[肩胛骨]·sternum (breast bone)[胸骨]·manubrium sterni (presternum)[胸骨柄]·midsternum[胸骨体]·xiphoid[剑突]·humerus[肱骨]·radius[桡骨]·ulna[尺骨]·carpal bone[腕骨]·metacarpal bone [掌骨]·phalanges[指(趾)骨]·hip bone[髋骨]·ilium[髂骨]·ischium [坐骨]·pubis[耻骨]·femur [股骨]·patella[髌骨]·tibia[胫骨]·fibula [腓骨]·articulation[关节]·ligament[韧带]·flexion[屈]·extension[伸]·adduction[收]·abduction[展]·medial rotation[旋内]·lateral rotation[旋外]·pronation[旋前]·supination[旋后]·circumductoin[环转]·vertebral column[脊柱]·intervertebral disc[椎间盘]·temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节]·shoulder joint[肩关节]·elbow joint[肘关节]·radiocarpal joint[肩关节]·radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节]·pelvis[骨盆]·hip joint[髋关节]·knee joint[膝关节]·ankle joint[踝关节]·muscle [肌肉]·tendon[肌腱]·fascia[筋膜]·tendinous sheath[腱鞘]·trapezius[斜方肌]·latissimus dorsi[背阔肌]·sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]·scalenus [斜角肌]·pectoralis major[胸大肌]·intercostales[肋间肌]·diaphragm[膈肌]·inguinal canal[腹股沟管]·masseter[咬肌]·temporalis[颞肌]·deltoid[三角肌]·biceps brachii[肱二头肌]·triceps brachii[肱三头肌]·axillary fossa [腑窝]·gluteus maximus[臀大肌]·piriformis[梨状肌]·sartorius[缝匠肌]·quadriceps femoris[股四头肌]·triceps surae[小腿三头肌]·femoral triangle[股三角]3、内脏[Viscera]·viscera[内脏]·oral cavity[口腔]·lip[唇]·cheek[颊]·palate[腭]·tooth[牙]·dentes[牙]·tongue[舌]·parotid gland[腮腺]·pharynx[咽]·esophagus[食管]·stomach gaster[胃]·duodenum[十二指肠]·jejunum[空肠]·ileum [回肠]·large intestine[大肠]·caecum[盲肠]·vermiform (appendix)[阑尾]·colon[结肠]·rectum[直肠]·anal canal[肛管]·dentate line[齿状线]·anus[肛门]·liver (hepar)[肝]·porta hepatis[肝门]·gallblader[胆囊]·pancreas[胰]·nose[鼻]·nasal cavity[鼻腔]·paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦]·larynx[喉]·laryngeal cavity[喉腔]·vocal cord[声带]·trachea[气管]·bronchi[支气管]·lung [肺]·pulmonary[肺的]·pleura[胸膜]·mediastinum[纵隔]·kidney[肾]·renal pilvis[肾盂]·ureter[输尿管]·urinary bladder[膀胱]·urethra[尿道]·testis[睾丸]·epididymis[附睾]·ductus deferens[输精管]·spermatic cord[精索]·prostate[前列腺]·scrotum[阴囊]·penis[阴茎]·ovary[卵巢]·uterine tube[输卵管]·uterus[子宫]·vagina[阴道]·clitoris[阴蒂]·mamma (breast)[乳房]·mammary papilla (nipple)[乳头]·perineum[会阴]·pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]·peritoneum[腹膜]·omentum[网膜]4、心血管系统[Cardiovascular system]·heart[心]·artery[动脉]·vein[静脉]·capillary[毛细血管]·atrium[心房]·ventricle[心室]·tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]·bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]·aortic valve[主动脉瓣]·pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣]·sinuatrial node[窦房结]·atrioventricular node[房室结]·atrioventricular bundle[房室束]·right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]·coronary artery[冠状动脉]·coronary sinus[冠状窦]·pericardium[心包]·aorta[主动脉]·innominate artery[无名动脉(头臂干)]·common carotid artery[颈总动脉]·carotid sinus [颈动脉窦]·internal(external) carotid artery[颈内(外)动脉]·facial artery[面动脉]·subclavian artery[锁骨下动脉]·mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉]·common iliac artery[髂总动脉]·popliteal artery [腘动脉]·vena cava [腔静脉]·internal jugular vein[颈内静脉]·cephalic vein[头静脉]·basilic vein[贵要静脉]·saphenous vein[隐静脉]·lymphatic duct[淋巴导管]·thoracic duct[胸导管]·lymph node[淋巴结]·spleen[脾]·thymus[胸腺]5、感觉器[sense organs]·sensory organ[感觉器]·receptor[感受器]·visual organ[视器]·eyeball [眼球]·cornea[角膜]·sclera[巩膜]·choroid [脉络膜]·ciliary body[睫状体]·iris[虹膜]·retina[视网膜]·optic disc[视神经盘]·macula lutea[黄斑]·aqueous humor[房水]·lens[晶状体]·vitreous body[玻璃体]·eyelid [眼睑]·conjunctiva[结膜]·lacrimal gland[泪腺]·vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器]·ear( auris) [耳]·auricle[耳廓]·acoustic meatus[耳道]·tympanic cavity[鼓室]·tympanic membrane[鼓膜]·pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]·bony(membranous) labyrinth[骨(膜)迷路]·vestibule [前庭]·semicircular canal[半规管]·cochlea[耳蜗]·cochlear duct[蜗管]·olfactory organ[嗅器]·gustatory organ[味器]·taste bud[味蕾]·skin[皮肤]6、神经系统[Nervous system]·central nervous system[中枢神经系统]·peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统]·visceral nerve[内脏神经]·afferent nerve[传入神经]·efferent nerve[传出神经]·neuron[神经元]·axon [轴突]·dendrite[树突]·glia [神经胶质]·gray matter [灰质]·white matter[白质]·cortex[皮质]·madulla[髓质]·nucleus[神经质]·ganglion[神经节]·fasciculus[神经束]·nerve[神经]·spinal nerve[脊神经]·cervical plexus[颈丛]·brachial plexus[臂丛]·lumbar plexus[腰丛]·sacral plexus [骶丛]·phrenic nerve[膈神经]·median nerve[正中神经]·ulnar nerve[尺神经]·radial nerve[桡神经]·femoral nerve[股神经]·ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经]·common peroneal nerve[腓总神经]·cranial nerve[颅(脑)神经]·olfactory nerve[嗅神经]·optic nerve[视神经]·oculomotor nerve[动眼神经]·trochlear nerve[滑车神经]·trigeminal verve[三叉神经]·abducent nerve[展神经]·facial nerve[面神经]·vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经]·glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经]·vagus nerve[迷走神经]·accessary nerve[副神经]·hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经]·autonomic nervous system[自主神经]·vegetative nervous system[植物神经]·sympathetic nerve[交感神经]·parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经]·spinal cord[脊髓]·encephalon (brain)[脑]·brain stem[脑干]·medulla oblongata[延髓]·pons [脑桥]·mesencephalon[中脑]·midbrain[中脑]·cerebellum[小脑]·diencephalon[间脑]·thalamus[丘脑]·hypothalamus[下丘脑]·hypophysis[垂体]·telencephalon[端脑]·cerebrum[大脑]·cerebral cortex[大脑皮质]·corpus striatum[纹状体]·internal capsule[内囊]·spinothalamic tract[皮质脊髓束]·medial lemniscus[内侧丘系]·lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系]·spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]·trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]7、体表标记[Anatomic marks]·naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟]·suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝]·supraclavicular fossa[锁骨上窝]·infraclavicular fossa[锁骨下窝]·armpit (axillary fossa)[腋窝]·midsternal (midian) line[胸骨中线（正中线）]·anterior midian line[前正中线]·parasternal line[胸骨旁线]·midclavicular line[锁骨中线]·mammillary (nipple, milk) line[乳线]·posterior (mid-, anterior) axillary line[腋后（中，前）线] ·scapular line[肩胛线]·midspinal line[脊柱中线]·dorsomedian line[后正中线]·linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线]·the left (right) upper abdomen (quadrant)[左（右）上腹]·epigastrium[上腹部]·the middle abdomen[中腹部]·the lower abdomen[下腹部]·linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线]·anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]·symphysis pubis (symphysion)[耻骨联合]·ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节]·groin (inguen)[腹股沟]·popliteal fossa[腘窝]·upper extremity(limb)[上肢]·lower extremity(limb)[下肢]·posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]·anterior (dorsal) part of chest(前（后）胸部)·scapular region[肩胛区]·anterior (posterior) fontanelle[前（后）囱]附2 医学英语常用前后缀·a-[无，缺]▲anemia[贫血]▲atonia[无张力]▲asymptomatic[无症状的]▲amenorrhea[闭经]·ab-[分离]▲abduct [外展]▲abscision[切除]·acou (acu)-[听觉]▲acumeter [听力计]▲acouophone[助听器]·acro-[肢端]▲acromegaly[肢端肥大症]▲acromastitis[乳头炎]·ad (af, an)-[邻近，向上]▲adrenal [肾上腺]▲adaxial[近轴的]▲annexa[附件]·-ad[……侧]▲ventrad[向腹侧]▲cephalad[向头侧]·adeno-[腺]▲adenocyte[腺细胞]▲adenoidism[腺体病]·adipo-[脂肪]▲adiposis[肥胖症]▲adiponecrosis[脂肪坏死]·adreno-[肾上腺]▲adrenocorticoid[肾上腺皮质激素]▲adrenalin[肾上腺素]▲adrenal[肾上腺]·-aemia(emia)[血症]▲bacteremia[菌血症]▲leukemia[白血病]·-albi (albino)-[白色]▲albumin[白蛋白]▲albinism[白化病]·-algesia[痛觉]▲hypoalgesia[痛觉减退]·-algia[痛]▲arthralgia[关节痛]▲cephalgia[头痛]▲neuralgia[神经痛]·alkali-[碱]▲alkalosis[碱中毒]·alveo-[牙槽，小沟]▲alveolitis[牙槽炎]▲alveobronchiolitis[支气管肺泡炎]·ambi-[复，双]▲ambiopia[复视]▲ambivert[双重性格]·ambly-[弱]▲amblyopia[弱视]▲amblyaphia[触觉迟钝]·amylo-[淀粉]▲amyloidosis[淀粉酶]▲amylase[淀粉酶]·angio-[血管]▲angiography[血管造影术]▲angioedema[血管性水肿]▲angeitis[脉管炎]▲angiofibroma[血管纤维瘤]·ante-[前]▲antenatal[出生前的]▲anteflexion[前屈]·antero-[前]▲anterolateral[前侧壁]▲anteroventral[前腹侧]·anti-[抗，反]▲antibiotics[抗生素]▲antihypertensives[降压药]▲anticoagulant[抗凝剂]·rarchno-[蛛网膜]▲arachnoiditis[蛛网膜炎]·archo-[肛门，直肠]▲archorrhagia[肛门出血]▲archosyrinx[直肠灌注器]·arterio-[动脉]▲arteriospasm[动脉痉挛]▲arteriosclerosis[动脉硬化] ·arthro-[关节]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺]▲arthrotomy[关节切开术]▲arthritis[关节炎]·-ase[酶]▲oxidase[氧化酶]▲proteinase[蛋白酶]·-asthenia[无力]▲myasthenia[肌无力]▲neurasthenia[神经衰弱]·audio(audito)-[听力]▲audiology[听觉学]▲audiometer[听力计]·auto-[自己]▲autoimmune[自身免疫]▲auto hemotherapy[自体血疗法] ·bacilli-[杆菌]▲bacillosis[杆菌病]▲bacilluria[杆菌尿]·bacterio-[细菌]▲bacteriology[细菌学]▲bactericide[杀菌剂]·baro-[压力]▲barometer [压力计]▲baroreceptor[压力感受器] ·bary-[迟钝]▲barylalia[言语不清]▲baryacusia[听觉迟钝]·bi-[双]▲bicuspid[二尖瓣]]▲bilateral[两侧的]·bili-[胆汁]▲bilirubin[胆红素]·bio-[生命]▲biology[生物学]▲biopsy[活检]·-blast[母细胞]▲spermatoblast[精子细胞]▲melanoblast[成黑色素细胞]▲osteoblast[成骨细胞]·brachy-[短]▲brachypnea[气短]▲brachydactylia[短指畸形]·brady-[迟缓]▲bradycardia[心动过缓]▲bradypsychia[精神不振]·broncho-[支气管]▲bronchoscopy[支气管镜检查]▲bronchiostenosis[支气管痉挛]▲bronchitis[支气管炎]·bronchiolo-[细支气管]▲bronchiolectasis[细支气管扩张]·calci-[钙]▲calcification[钙化]▲calcicosilicosis[钙沉着症]·carbo-[碳]▲carbohydrate[碳水化合物]▲carbohaemia[碳酸血症]·carcino-[癌]▲carcinogen[致癌物]·cardio-[心，贲门]▲cardiotonics[强心剂]▲cardioplasty[贲门成形术]·-cele[疝，肿物]▲omphalocele[脐疝]▲hysterocele[子宫脱垂]▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]·celio-[腹]▲celialgia[腹痛]▲celioscopy[腹腔镜检查]·-centesis[穿刺]▲arthrocentesis[关节穿刺术]▲abdominocentesis[腹穿]·cephalo-[头]▲cephaloxia[斜颈]▲cephalopathy[头部疾病]▲cephalotomy[穿颅术]·cerebello-[小脑]▲cerebellitis[小脑炎]▲cerebellum[小脑]·cerebro-[大脑]▲cerebritis[大脑炎]▲cerebrology[脑学]·chemo-[化学]▲chemotherapy[化疗]·chloro-[绿，氯]▲chloroform[氯仿]▲chloromycetin[氯霉素]▲chlorophyll[叶绿素]·cholangio-[胆道]▲cholangitis[胆管炎]▲cholangiectasis[胆管扩张]·cholo-[胆]▲cholagogue[利胆剂]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症]▲cholecystitis[胆囊炎]▲cholesterol[胆固醇]·chondro-[软骨]▲chondrosarcoma[软骨肉瘤]▲chondrification[骨软化]·chromo-[色素] ▲cytochrome[细胞色素]▲chromosome[染色体]·-cide[杀……剂] ▲germicide[杀菌剂]▲aborticide[堕胎药]·circum-[周围] ▲circumoral[口周的]▲circumcision[包皮环切术] ·coagulo-[凝固] ▲coagulant[凝血剂]·colo-[结肠] ▲colotomy[结肠切开术]▲coloptosis[结肠下垂]·colpo (coleo)-[阴道] ▲coleospastia[阴道痉挛]▲colposcope[阴道镜]·contra-[反，逆] ▲contraindication[禁忌证]▲contraceptive[避孕药] ·counter-[反，逆] ▲counteragent[拮抗剂]▲conuterpoison[解毒剂]·cranio-[颅] ▲craniomalacia[颅骨软化]▲cranioclasis[碎颅术]·-cyst-[囊] ▲cystomy[膀胱切开术]▲dacryocyst[泪囊]·-cyte-[细胞] ▲lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]▲cytolysis[细胞溶解]·de-[除去] ▲detoxication[解毒]·dento[牙] ▲dentistry[牙科学]▲dentalgia[牙痛]·-derm-[皮肤] ▲epiderm[表皮]▲dermatology[皮肤病学]▲dermoplasty[皮肤成形术] ·dextro-[右] ▲dextrocardia[右位心]▲dexiotropic[右旋的]·dis-[分离] ▲discission[分离术]▲disinfection[消毒法] ·duodeno-[十二指肠] ▲duodenitis[十二指肠炎]▲duodenostomy[十二指肠造口术] ·-dynia[痛] ▲acrodynia[肢体痛]▲urethrodynia[尿道痛]·dys-[异常] ▲dysfunction[功能不良]▲dyshormonism[内分泌障碍]▲dysuria[排尿困难]·-ectasis[扩张] ▲gastroectasis[胃扩张]▲aerenterectasia[肠胀气]▲bronchiectasia[支气管扩张] ·-ectomy[切除术] ▲appendectomy[阑尾切除术]▲lipectomy[脂肪切除术]·-edema[水肿] ▲encephaledema[脑水肿]▲myxedema[粘液性水肿]·-emesia[呕] ▲hematemesia[呕血]▲helminthemesia[吐虫] ·encephalo-[脑] ▲encephaloma[脑瘤]▲encephaledema[脑水肿]·endo-[内] ▲endocarditis[心内膜炎]▲endoscope[内窥镜]·entero-[肠] ▲enteritis[肠炎]▲enterovirus[肠病毒]·epi-[上，外] ▲epigastrium[上腹部]·erythro-[红] ▲erythromycin[红霉素]▲erythroderma[红皮病] ·esophago-[食管] ▲esophagoscope[食管镜]▲esophagitis[食管炎]·extra-[……外] ▲extracellular[细胞外的]▲extrasystole[额外收缩]·facio-[面] ▲facioplegia[面瘫]▲facioplasty[面部成形术]·-fast[耐] ▲acid-fast[抗酸的]▲uviofast[耐紫外线]·febri-[热] ▲febricula[低热]▲febrifacient[致热的]·feti-[胎儿] ▲feticulture[妊娠期卫生]▲fetometry[胎儿测量法]·fibro-[纤维] ▲fibroblast[成纤维细胞]▲fibrosis[纤维化]·fore-[前] ▲forebrain[前脑]▲forehead[前额]·-form[形状] ▲oviform[卵形的]▲granuliform[颗粒状的] ·fungi-[真菌，霉菌] ▲fungicide[杀真菌剂]▲fungistasis[制霉菌作用] ·gastro-[胃] ▲gastroptosis[胃下垂]▲gastroenteritis[胃肠炎]▲gastroscopy[胃镜检查]▲gastratrophy[胃萎缩]·-gen [原，剂] ▲glycogen[糖原]▲pathogen[病原体]▲androgen[雄激素]▲Estrogen[雌激素]·-genic[……性] ▲cardiogenic[心源性的]▲allergenic[变应反应] ·giganto-[巨大] ▲gigantocyte[巨红细胞]▲gigantism[巨大症]·gingivo-[牙龈] ▲gingivitis[牙龈炎]▲gingivostomatitis[牙龈口腔炎] ·glosso-[舌] ▲glossoplegia[舌瘫痪]·gluco-[糖] ▲glucoprotein[糖蛋白]▲glucocorticoid[糖皮质激素] ·glyco-[糖] ▲glycogen[糖原]▲glycouria[糖尿]·-grade[级，度] ▲centigrade[摄氏温度计]▲retrograde[逆行性]·-gram[克，图] ▲microgram[微克]▲electroencephalogram[脑电图] ·-graph(y)[……仪（法）] ▲electrocardiogram[心电图]▲bronchography[支气管造影术] ·gyneco-[妇女] ▲gynecology[妇科学]▲gynecopathy[妇科病]·hemo(hemato)-[血] ▲hemoglobin[血红蛋白]▲hematoma[血肿]·hemi-[半] ▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]▲hemicrania[偏头病]·hepato-[肝] ▲hepatitis[肝炎]▲hepatocirrhosis[肝硬化]▲hepatosplenomegaly[肝脾肿大] ·hidro-[汗] ▲hyperhidrosis[多汗症]▲anhidrosis[无汗症]·histo-[组织] ▲histology[组织学]▲histomorphology[组织形态学] ·holo-[全] ▲holonarcosis[全麻]▲holoenzyme[全酶]·homo-[同] ▲homotype[同型]▲homologue[同系物]▲homoplasty[同种移植术] ·hydro-[水] ▲hydropericardium[心包积水]▲hydrolysis [水解]·hypr-[高] ▲hypercalcemia[高钙血症]▲hyperthyroidism[甲亢] ·hypno-[睡眼] ▲hypnotics[安眠药]▲hypnotherapy[催眠疗法] ·hypo-[低] ▲hypotension[低血压]▲hypoglycemia[低血糖] ·hystero-[子宫] ▲hysterospasm[子宫痉挛]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂]·-ia[病] ▲melancholia[忧郁症]▲pyrexia[发热]·-iatrics[医学] ▲pediatrics[儿科学]▲geriatrics[老年病学] ·-iatry[医学] ▲psychiatry[精神病学]▲pediatry[儿科学]·immuno-[免疫] ▲immunoglobulin[免疫球蛋白]▲immunotherapy[免疫疗法] ·infra-[下] ▲infraorbital[眶下的]▲infrared[红外线]·inter-[间] ▲intervertebral[椎间的]▲intercellular[细胞间的]·intra-[内] ▲intravenous[静脉内的]▲intracranial[颅内的]▲intramuscular[肌肉内的]·-ist[家] ▲pathologist[病理学家]▲anatomist[解剖学家]·-itis[炎症] ▲cellulitis[蜂窝织炎]▲myocarditis[心肌炎]·leuco (leuko)-[白] ▲leucorrhea[白带]▲leukocytosis[白细胞增多]▲leukemia[白血病]·lipo-(脂) ▲lipotrophy[脂肪增多]▲lipase[脂酶]·-lith[结石] ▲cholelith[胆结石]▲cholelithiasis[胆石症]·-logy[学] ▲terminology[术语学]▲Cardiology[心脏病学]·lumbo-[腰] ▲lumbosacral[腰骶部的]▲lumbago[腰背痛]▲lumbodynia[腰痛]·lympho-[淋巴] ▲lymphedema[淋巴水肿]▲lymphocytopenia[淋巴细胞减少] ·-lysis(lytic)[松解，分解了] ▲aythrolysis[关节松解术]▲spasmolytic[解痉的] ·macro-[大] ▲macrophage[巨噬细胞]▲macromolecule[大分子]·mal-[不良] ▲malnutrition[营养不良]▲malfunction[功能不全]·-megaly[巨大] ▲cardiomegaly[心扩大]▲cephalomegaly[巨头畸形] ·meningo-[脑膜] ▲meningitis[脑膜炎]▲meningocephalitis[脑膜脑炎] ·meno-[月经] ▲dysmenorrhea[痛经]▲menopause[停经]·-meter[表，计] ▲spirometer[肺活量计]▲pyrometer[高温表]·-metry[测量法] ▲iodometry[碘定量法]·micro-[小] ▲micropump[微泵]▲microliter[微升]·mono-[单-] ▲mononucleosis[单核细胞增多]▲monomer[单体]·multi-[多] ▲multinuclear[多核的]▲multipara[经产妇]·myelo-[髓] ▲myelocele[脊髓膨出]▲myelocyte[髓细胞]·myo-[肌] ▲myocarditis[心肌炎]▲myofibroma[肌纤维瘤]·naso-[鼻] ▲nasoscope[鼻镜]▲nasitis[鼻炎]·neo-[新] ▲neoplasm[瘤]▲neomycin[新霉素]·nephro-[肾] ▲nephropathy[肾病]▲nephrosclerosis[肾硬变] ·neuro-[神经] ▲neuroma[神经瘤]▲neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎] ·non-[非] ▲non-electrolyte[非电解质]▲nonfetal[非致命的]·nulli-[无] ▲nullipara[未产妇]▲nulligravida[未孕妇]·nutri-[营养] ▲nutrition[营养]▲nutrology[营养学]·oculo-[眼] ▲oculist[眼科医生]▲oculus dexter[右眼]▲oculus sinister[左眼] ·oligo-[少] ▲oligophrenia[智力发育不全]▲oliguria[少尿]·-oma[肿瘤] ▲adenoma[腺瘤]▲osteoma[骨瘤]·onco-[肿瘤] ▲oncology[肿瘤学]▲oncogene[癌基因] ·ophthalmo-[眼] ▲ophthalmocele[眼球突出]▲ophthalmoplegia[眼肌麻痹] ·-osis[病] ▲cirrhosis[肝硬化]▲mycosis[霉菌病]·osteo-[骨] ▲osteomalacia[骨软化]▲osteoarthritis[骨关节炎] ·oto-[耳] ▲otolith[耳石]▲otoplasty[耳成形术]▲otopyosis[耳化脓]·pan-[全] ▲panimmunity[多种免疫]▲pantalgia[全身痛]▲pantatrophia[全身营养不良] ·-para[产妇] ▲primipara[初产妇]▲nullipara[未产妇]·-pathy[病] ▲dermatopathy[皮肤病]▲Cardiomyopathy[心肌病] ·pedia-[儿童] ▲pediatrician[儿科医师]▲pediatrics[儿科学]·-penia[减少] ▲leucopenia[白细胞减少]▲thrombopenia[血小板减少] ·per-[经] ▲percutaneous[经皮肤的]·peri-[周围] ▲pericarditis[心包炎]▲perianal[肛周的] ·pharmaco-[药] ▲pharmacokinetics[药代动力学]▲physicochemistry[药典] ·physio-[物理▲physiotheraphy[理疗]▲physicochemistry[物理化学] ·-plasty[成形术] ▲angioplasty[血管成形术]▲homoplasty[同种移植]▲gastroplasty[胃成形术]·-plegia[瘫] ▲paraplegia[截瘫]▲hemiplegia[偏瘫]·pleuro-[胸膜] ▲pleuritis[胸膜炎]▲pleurocentesis[胸腔穿刺术] ·-pnea[呼吸] ▲orthopnea[端坐呼吸]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促] ·pneumo-[气，肺] ▲pneumothorax[气胸]▲pneumococcus[肺炎球菌] ·poly-[多] ▲polyuria[多尿]▲polycholia[胆汗过多] ·post-[后] ▲postpartum[产后]▲postoperation[术后]·pre-[前] ▲premenopause[绝经前期]▲premature[早搏]▲preload[前负荷]·pseudo-[假] ▲psudohypertrophy[假性肥大]▲psudomembranous[假膜的] ·psycho-[精神，心理] ▲psychology[心理学]▲psychiatry[精神病学]·-ptosis[下垂] ▲nephroptosis[肾下垂]▲hysteroptosis[子宫下垂] ·-ptysis[咯] ▲pyoptysis[咯脓]▲hemoptysis[咯血]·pyo-[脓] ▲pyorrhea[溢脓]▲pyosis[化脓] ·radio-[放射] ▲radiotherapy[放疗]▲radiology[放射学]·recto-[直肠] ▲rectitis[直肠炎]▲rectectomy[直肠切除术] ·retino-[视网膜] ▲retinitis[视网膜炎]▲retinodialysis[视网膜分离] ·rhino-[鼻] ▲rhinitis[鼻炎]▲rhinorrhea[鼻漏]·-rrhagia[出血] ▲gastorrhagia[胃出血]▲hemorrhage[出血]▲pneumorrhagia[肺出血]·-rrhaphy[缝合术] ▲neurorrhaphy[神经缝合术]▲Vasorrhaphy[输卵管缝合术] ·-rrhea[流出] ▲diarrhea[腹泻]▲menorrhea[月经]·schisto-[裂] ▲schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]▲schistoglossia[舌裂]·scirrho-[硬] ▲scirrhosarca[硬皮病]▲scirrhoma[硬癌]·sclero-[硬] ▲scleroderma[硬皮病]▲sclerometer[硬度计]·-scope(y)[镜，检查] ▲stethoscope[听诊器]▲otoscope[耳镜]▲proctoscopy[直肠镜检查法] ·semi-[半] ▲semicoma[半昏迷]▲semiliquid[半流汁]·spondylo-[脊椎] ▲spondylopathy[脊椎病]▲spondylitis[脊椎炎]·-stomy[造口术] ▲colostomy[结肠造口术]▲ilecolostomy[回结肠吻合术] ·sub-[下，亚] ▲subacute[亚急性]▲subabdominal[下腹部的] ·super-[在…上] ▲superficial[浅的]▲superoxide[超氧化物]·supra-[上] ▲supraventricular[室上性的]▲suprarenalism[肾上腺机能亢进] ·tachy-[快] ▲tachycardia[心动过速]▲tachypnea[呼吸急促]·-therapy[治疗] ▲massotherapy[按摩治疗]▲pharmacotherapy[药物治疗] ·thermo-[热] ▲thermometer[温度计]▲thermatology[热疗学] ·thrombo-[血栓，血小板] ▲thrombolysis[溶栓]▲thrombocytopenia[血小板减少症]▲thrombosis[血]·-tomy[切开术] ▲tracheotomy[气管切开术]▲ovariotomy[卵巢切开术] ·tracheo-[气管] ▲tracheoscope[气管镜]▲tracheorrhagia[气管出血] ·trans-[经，转移] ▲transurethral[经尿道]▲transfusion[输血]·-trophy[营养] ▲dystrophy[营养不良]▲atrophy[萎缩]·ultra-[超过] ▲ultraviolet[紫外线]▲ultrasound[超声]·utero-[子宫] ▲uteroscope[子宫镜]▲uterotonic[宫缩剂]·vaso-[血管] ▲vasomotion[血管舒缩]▲Vasodilator[血管扩张剂]附3 医学英语的特征①特殊的单复数(单数→复数)·a→ae ▲aortae-aortae[主动脉]▲pleura-pleurae[胸膜]·us→i ▲coccus-cocci[球菌]▲bacillus-bacilli[杆菌] ·um→a ▲serum-sera[血清]▲bacterium-bactera[细菌] ·on→a ▲phenomenon-phenomena[现象]▲criterion-criteria[标准] ·x→ces ▲cortex-cortices[皮质]▲appendix-appendices[阑尾]▲thorax-thoraces[胸廓] ·x→ges ▲pharynx-pharynges[咽]▲larynx-larynges[喉]·is→es ▲crisis-crises[危象]▲analysis-analyses[分析] ·ma→mata ▲trauma-traumata[创伤]▲hemotoma-hemotomata[血肿] ·men→mina ▲lumen-lumina[腔]▲abdomen-abdomina[腹]2、字母可互通使用·ae-e ▲haemorrhage-hemorrhage[出血]▲aetiology-etiology[病因] ·oe-e ▲oedema-edema[水肿]▲oesophagus-esophagus[食管] ·ou-u ▲oulitis-ulitis[牙龈炎]▲ouroscopy-uroscopy[尿检] ·ph-f ▲sulphate-sulfate[硫酸盐]▲sulphonamide-sulfonamide[磺胺] ·k-c ▲EKG-ECG[心电图]▲leukocyte-leucocyte[白细胞]▲Katabolism-catabolism[分解代谢]·y-i ▲syrup-sirup[糖浆]3、英美的不同拼写形式(英-美)·our(英)-or(美) ▲colour-color[颜色]▲tumour-tumor[肿瘤] ·re-er ▲centre-center[中心]▲metre-meter[米]·yes-yze ▲analyse-analyze[分析]▲paralyse-paralyze[瘫痪] ·xion-ction ▲connexion-connection[连接]▲reflexion-reflection[反射] ·mme-m ▲gramme-gram[克]·ogue-og ▲dialogue-dialog[对话]▲catalogue-catalog[目录] ·c-k ▲disc-disk[软盘]▲sceptic-skeptic[怀疑论者] 4、词根交替现象·mouth[口]-oral[口的]·tooth[牙齿]-dental[牙齿的]·tongue[舌]-lingual[舌的]·ear[耳]-aural[耳的]·nose[鼻]-nasal[鼻的]·eye[眼]-ophthalmic[眼的]·skin[皮肤]-dermal[皮肤的]·heart [心]-cardiac[心脏的]·liver[肝]-hepatic[肝的]·stomach[胃]-gastric[胃的]·lung[肺]-pulmonary[肺的]·kideny[肾]-renal[肾的]·neck[颈]-cervical[颈的]·chest[胸]-thoracic[胸的]·brain[脑]-cerebral[脑的]·nerve[神经]-neural[神经的]·rib[肋骨]-costal[肋骨的]·mother[母]-maternal[母亲的]·heat[热]-thermal[热的]·bone[骨]-bony[骨的]·virus[病毒]-viral[病毒的]·saliva[唾液]-salivary[唾液的]·respiration[呼吸]-respiratory[呼吸的]·joint[关节]-arthritis[关节炎]·kidney[肾]-nephritis[肾炎]·nerve[神经]-neuritis[神经炎]·lioer[肝]-hepatitis[肝炎]·brain[脑]-encephalitis[脑炎]·stomache[胃]-gastritis[胃炎]·artery[动脉]-arteritis[动脉炎]·bronchus[支气管]-bronchitis[支气管炎]·heart[心]-cardiology[心脏病学]·eye[眼]-ophthalmology[眼科学]·cell[细胞]-cytology[细胞学]·tumor[肿瘤]-oncology[肿瘤学]·disease[病]-pathology[病理学]·drug[药]-pharmocology[药理学]·parasite[寄生虫]-parasitology[寄生虫学]·bacterium[细菌]-bacteriology[细菌学]·cell[细胸]-cyto-[细胞]·blood[血]-hemo-[血]5、常用拉丁短语·ad arbitrium[随意地]·ad decubitum[临睡时]·ad effectum[直至有效]·ad interim[暂时]·ad libitum（ad lib）[随意]·ad usum externum[外用]·ad usum internum[内服]·ante caenam[晚饭前]·ante cibum[饭前]·ante horam decubitus[睡前]·ante jentaculum[早饭前]·ante meridiem(A.M)[上午]·bis in die(B.i.d)[每天二次]·curriculum vitae (C.V)[简历]·et al (et alia)[等等]·exmpli gratia (e.g)[例如]·id est (i.e)[即]·in brevi[简言之]·in situ[原位]·in vitro[体外]·in vivo[体内]·locus in quo[现象]·note bene(N.B)[注意]·per annum[每年]·per centum (percent)[百分之……]·per diem[每日]·per mensem[每月]·per os (p.o)[经口]·per rectum[经直肠]·post meridiem （P.M）[下午]·post mortem[死后]·post partum[产后]·post scriptum(P.S)[附言]·pro dosi[一次量]·pro et contra (pro et con)[赞成和反对]·pro re nata (p.r.n)[必要时]·quaque die (q.d)[每天一次]·quaque nocte (q.n)[每晚一次]·quaque quarta hora(q.4h)[每4小时1次]·quaque secundo die(q.o.d)[每二天一次]·ter in die (t.i.d)[每天三次]·ut infra[如下所述]·ut supra[如上所述]·vice versa[反之亦然]。
常用临床医学英文术语
colic绞痛，急腹痛
earache耳痛
headache头痛
neuralgia神经痛
migraine偏头痛
rebound tenderness反跳痛
somatalgia躯体痛
tingling麻刺感abscess脓肿
acidosis酸中毒
adhesion粘连
alkalosis碱中毒
allergy过敏
coagulation defect凝血不良
congestion充血
dehydration脱水
distention膨胀
edema水肿
embolism栓塞，栓塞形成
fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱
paroxysmal diseases阵发性病
periodical diseases周期病
primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病
secondary diseases继发病
sexual(venereal，social)diseases性病
terminal diseases绝症
communicable diseases传染病
complicating diseases并发病
congenitaldiseases先天性疾病
acquired diseases后天性疾病
contagious diseases接触性传染病
endemic diseases地方病
epidemic diseases流行病
functional diseases机能病、官能病
infectious diseases传染病
inherited diseases遗传病
常用临床医学英文缩写中英文对照
常用临床医学英文缩写中英文对照AB ACEI ACT AG AMI ANA ARDS ASO ATP AVNRT AVRT BB BEE BT BuNC3 CBC CCU CHE CK CPAP CPR CT CVP DBP DCT DIC DMEF ENT FDP FUO GNS Hb HCO3- HCT HIV Holter IABP IHSS INRIU 实际碳酸氢盐血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂激活凝血时间离子间隙急性心梗抗核抗体急性呼吸窘迫综合征抗链球菌溶血素“0”三磷酸腺苷房室结折返性心动过速房室折返性心动过速缓冲碱基础能量消耗出血时间尿素氮补体C3血常规心血管监护室胆碱酯酶肌酸磷酸激酶持续正压通气心肺复苏凝血时间中心静脉压舒张压双氢克尿噻弥散性血管内凝血舒张期杂音射血分数耳鼻喉科(五官科)纤维蛋白原降解产物不明原因发热葡萄糖生理氯化钠溶液血红蛋白碳酸氢根红细胞比容人类免疫缺陷病毒24h动态心电图主动脉内气囊反搏术特发性肥厚型主动脉瓣下狭窄国际标准比率国际单位NTGOBP(A-a)O2P2PaCO2PAMPAPaO2PCAPPCWPPEEPpHPPDPrnPTqhqidqnqodRFRIRRS3S4SaO2SBTPNSBESBPSGOTSGPTSKSMT3T4TATTILtidt-PATPNTSHUKV/Q硝酸甘油隐油肺泡气-动脉血氧分压差肺动脉第二心音动脉二氧化碳分压氨甲苯酸动脉氧分压肺小动脉压肺毛细血管压呼气末正压酸碱度结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物必要时凝血酶原时间每小时1次每天4次每晚1次隔日1次类风湿因子胰岛素呼吸频率第3心音第4心音血氧饱和度标准碳酸氢盐全胃肠外营养亚急性细菌性心内膜炎收缩压血清谷草转氨酶血清谷丙转氨酶链激酶收缩期杂音三碘甲状原氨酸甲状腺素抗蛇毒血清短暂脑缺血发作每天3次组织型纤溶酶原激活物全肠道外营养促甲状腺激素尿激酶通气/灌注比KPTT KUB LDH NS 部分凝血活酶时间腹部平片乳酸脱氢酶生理氯化钠溶液VMAWHO香草基杏仁酸世界卫生组织。
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常用临床医学英文术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病/ˈkrɔnik / communicable diseases 传染病/ kəˈmju:nɪkəbəl / complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病/kənˈdʒenɪtl/ acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病/ kənˈteidʒəs / endemic diseases 地方病/enˈdemɪk /epidemic diseases 流行病/ˌepiˈdemik / functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病/inˈfekʃəs / inherited diseases 遗传病/ɪnˈherɪtɪd /malignant diseases恶性病/ məˈliɡnənt /nutritional diseases 营养病/nju:ˈtrɪʃɵnəl /occupation diseases 职业病/ˌɔkjuˈpeiʃən /organic diseases 器质性病/ɔ:ˈɡænik /paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病/ˌpærəkˈsizməl / periodical diseases 周期病/ˌpiəriˈɔdikəl /primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病/ˈprinsəpəl / secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病/viˈniəriəl / terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病clinical manifestation 临床表现/ˌmænəfeˈsteɪʃən / delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学/ˌi:tiˈɔlədʒi/family history 家族史medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因/priˈsipiteitiŋ /marital status婚姻状况/ˈmæritl /menstrual history 月经史/ˈmenstru:əl /menarche 初潮/miˈnɑ:ki /menopause闭经、女性更年期/ˈmenəˌpɔ:z/past history既往史pathogenesis 发病机制/ˌpæθəˈdʒenisis /personal history 个人史symptoms 症状/ˈsimptəm /cardinal symptom 主要症状/ˈkɑ:dinl /classical symptom 典型症状concomitant symptom 伴发症状/ kənˈkɔmɪtənt /constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身症状/ˌkɔnstɪˈtu:ʃənəl / indirect symptom 间接症状/ˈsimptəm /induced symptom 诱发症状/ i nˈdjust /local symptom 局部症状mental symptom精神症状/ˈmentl /symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 综合症\症候群ˈsindrəum signs体征antecedent 前驱征/ˌæntɪˈsi:dnt /assident (accessory) 副征/əˈsidənt /commemorative 后遗症/ kəˈmemərətɪv /sign of death 死征diagnostic诊断征/ˌdaiəɡˈnɔstik/sign of disease 病征subjective 自觉征，主观征vein sign静脉征vital sign 生命体征/ˈvaitəl /body length (height of the body) 身高body weight 体重barrel chest 桶状胸cachexia 恶病质/ kəˈkeksiə /compulsive position 被动(强迫)体位/ kəmˈpʌlsɪv / critical facies 病危面容/ˈfeiʃiˌi:z /emaciation 消瘦/ɪˌmeɪʃɪˈeɪʃən /enophthalmos 眼球下陷entropion 睑内翻/enˈtrəupiɔn /exophthalmos 眼球突出/ˌeksɔfˈθælmɔs /flushed face 面色潮红gain (loss) in weight 增加（减轻）体重lock-jaw 牙关紧闭lordosis 脊柱前凸/ lɔ:ˈdəusis /nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇动/ˈneɪzəl ,ˈeilə / nystagmus 眼震/nisˈtæɡməs /obesity 肥胖/əʊˈbi:sɪti: /pallor 苍白/ˈpælə /scoliosis 脊柱侧凸/ˌskɔliˈəusis /agitation 焦急不安/ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃən /debility, weakness 虚弱/ dɪˈbɪlɪti: /diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗/ˈdaiəfəˈri:sis / dizziness, vertigo 眩晕/ˈdɪzɪnɪs ,ˈvɜ:tɪˌgəʊ]/ lassitude, fatigue 无力，倦怠/ˈlæsɪˌtu:d , fəˈti:ɡ/ malaise 不适/mæˈleɪz/night sweat 盗汗numbness 麻木/ˈnʌmnɪs/rigor, chill 寒冷，发冷/ˈrɪgə /perspiration, sweating 出汗/ˌpɜ:spəˈreɪʃən / pruritus, itching 瘙痒症，/ pruəˈraitəs / somasthenia 躯体无力/ˌsəumæsˈθi:niə/tingling 麻刺感abscess 脓肿/ˈæbˌses /acidosis 酸中毒/ˌæsiˈdəusis /adhesion 粘连/ædˈhi:ʒən /alkalosis 碱中毒/ˌælkəˈləusis /allergy 过敏coagulation defect 凝血不良/ kəuˌæɡjuˈleiʃən /congestion 充血/ kənˈdʒestʃən /dehydration 脱水/ˌdi:haɪˈdreɪʃən /distention 膨胀/disˈtenʃən /edema 水肿/i(:)ˈdi:mə /embolism 栓塞，栓塞形成/ˈembəlizəm /fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水电解质紊乱/ɪˈlektrəˌlaɪt / gangrene 坏疽/ˈgæŋˌgri:n /hematoma 血肿/ˌhi:məˈtəumə /hemorrhage, bleeding 出血/ˈhemərɪdʒ /infarction 梗塞，梗死/inˈfɑ:kʃən /infection 传染inflammation 炎症/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən / ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒/ki:təuˌæsiˈdəusis / metastasis 转移/ məˈtæstəsis / perforation 穿孔/ˌpɜ:fəˈreɪʃən /necrosis 坏死/neˈkrəusis /shock 休克response 反应，应答reaction 反应，感应thrombosis 血栓形成/θrɔmˈbəusis/ ulceration 溃疡/ˌʌlsəˈreiʃən /fever, pyrexia 发烧，发热/,paiˈreksiə / continuous fever 稽留热intermittent fever 间歇热/ˌɪntəˈmitənt / low-grade fever 低热remittent fever 驰张热/ rɪˈmɪtnt /relapsing fever 回归热,复发burning pain 灼痛chest(flank,…) pain 胸（侧腹…）痛cramp-like pain 痉挛性痛dull, diffused pain 弥漫性钝痛/diˈfju:zd /pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛/ˌpluəˈritik/radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina 绞痛/ænˈdʒainə /cardiac angina 心绞痛/ˈkɑːdiæk /backache 背痛colic 绞痛，急腹痛earache 耳痛/ˈiəreik /headache 头痛neuralgia 神经痛/ njuəˈrældʒə /migraine 偏头痛/ˈmaɪˌgreɪn /rebound tenderness 反跳痛somatalgia 躯体痛sore throat 咽喉痛stomachache 胃痛toothache 牙痛bloody sputum 带血的痰/ˈspju:təm]/cough 咳嗽dry cough 干咳expectoration 咳痰/eksˌpektəˈreiʃən /expectoration of blood 咳血hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧/hiˈmɔptisis ,æˈnɔksiə / apnea 呼吸暂停，窒息/æpˈni:ə /asthma 气喘，哮喘/ˈæsmə /Cheyne Stokes respiration 切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸dyspnea 呼吸困难/disˈpni:ə /hyperpnea hyperventilation 过度呼吸，换气过度hypopnea 呼吸不全，呼吸浅表/ haɪˈpɔpni:ə / hypoxia 低氧，缺氧/haiˈpɔksiə /orthopnea 端坐呼吸/ɔ:ˈθɔpnjə /respiratory arrest 呼吸停止/ˈrespərəˌtɔ:ri: / suffocation 窒息/ˌsʌfəˈkeiʃən /tachypnea 呼吸急促/ˌtækipˈni:ə /fetid breath 口臭fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常，心律不齐/əˈriðmiə / atelectasis 肺不张，肺膨胀不全/ˌætiˈlektəsis / cardiac arrest 心搏骤停/ˈkɑːdiæk /cardiac hypertrophy 心脏肥大/haiˈpə:trəfi / cyanosis 发绀，青紫/ˌsaiəˈnəusis /distension of jugular vein 颈静脉怒张/ˈdʒʌɡjulə / extrasystole 期外收缩/ˌekstrəˈsistəli /gallop rhythm 奔马律/ˈɡæləp ,ˈriðəm /hemopleura 血胸hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉回流hypovolemia （循环）血容量减少/ haipəuvəˈli:miə /palpitation 心悸/pælpiˈteiʃ(ə)n /tachycardia 心动过速/ˌtækiˈkɑ:diə /pneumothorax 气胸/ˌnju:məuˈθɔ:ræks /thrill 震颤absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失dull sound 浊音hyperresonant 鼓音rale 啰音rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音wheeze 哮鸣音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厌食dysphagia 吞咽困难/disˈfeidʒiə /eructation 嗳气/ i:rʌkˈteiʃən /flatulence 气胀/ˈflætʃələns /flatus 肠胃气，屁/ˈfleitəs /gaseous distention 胃胀气/ˈɡæsiəs /hematemesis 呕血/ hi:məˈtemisis /hiccough, hiccup 打呃，呃逆nausea 恶心/ nɔziə /pyrosis 胃灼热/paiˈrəusis /regurgitation 反胃，回流/ri:ˌɡə:dʒiˈteiʃən /thirsty 口渴vomiting 呕吐anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂/ˈeinəl / ascites 腹水/əˈsaɪtiz /board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板状腹decreased tactile fremitus 触觉性震颤减弱/ˈtæktəl /exophageal varices 食管静脉曲张fistula 瘘，瘘管/ˈfistjulə /hemorrhoid 痔/ˈheməˌrɔɪd /hernia 疝hepatomegaly 肝肿大/ˌhepətəuˈmeɡəli /intussusception 肠套叠/ intəsəˈsepʃən /jaundice 黄疸/ˈdʒɔndɪs /muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌卫peristalsis 蠕动/ˌperiˈstælsis /loss of peristalsis 蠕动消失mass peristalsis 总蠕动retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕动prolapse 脱垂/ˈprəulæps /prolapse of anus 脱肛rectal prolapse 直肠脱垂，脱肛/ˈrekt(ə)l /volvulus 肠扭转calculus 结石/ˈkælkjələs /biliary calculus 胆结石/ˈbiljəri /vesical calculus 膀胱结石constipation 便秘/ˈvesikəl / defecation 排便/ˌdefiˈkeiʃən /diarrhea 腹泻/ daɪəˈri:ə /incontinence of feces 大便失禁/ˈfi:si:z / hematochezia 便血/ˌhemətəˈki:ziə /fecal impaction 大便嵌塞occult blood 潜血painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牵动clay colored stools 陶土色便dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡样呕吐物fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 呕粪，吐粪foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢scanty and hard stools 便少而硬tarry (black) stools 柏油样便anuria 无尿burning sensation no urination 排尿时的灼烧感dysurea 排尿困难，尿痛enuresis, bed wetting 遗尿/ enjuəˈri:sis / frequency of urination 尿频/ˈjuəriˈneiʃən / micturiation排尿uresis, urination, voiding 排尿nocturia 夜尿/ nɔkˈtjuəriə /oliguria 少尿/ˌɔliˈɡjuəriə /polyuria 多尿/ˌpɔliˈjuəriə /tenesmus 里急后重/ təˈnezməs /vesical tenesmus 排尿时里急后重uremia coma 尿毒症昏迷urgency of urination 尿急urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿chyluria 乳糜尿cylindruia 管型尿glycosuria 糖尿hematuria 血尿ketonuria 酮尿pneumatinuria 气尿proteinuria 蛋白尿pyuria 脓尿amenorrhea 经闭，无月经dysmenorrhea 痛经menorrhagia 月经过多lochia 恶露menorrhea 行经，月经过多menstruation 月经/ˌmenstru:ˈeɪʃən /uterine contraction 子宫收缩blotch 斑点/ˈju:tərain / bruise 挫伤，青肿acne 痤疮，粉刺desquamation 脱皮，脱屑/ˌdeskwəˈmeiʃən / ecchymosis 瘀斑/ekiˈməusis /loss of skin turgor 失去皮肤充盈/ˈtə:ɡə / nevus 痣/ ni:vəs /papule 丘疹/ pæpjul /petechia 瘀点，瘀斑pigmentation 色素沉着pustule 脓疱purpura 紫癫red nodule 红结节roseola 玫瑰疹scar 伤疤senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣subcutaneous nodule 皮下结节urticaria 荨麻疹/ˌə:təˈkɛəriə /vesicle 小水疱/ˈvesikl /vitiligo 白斑/ˌvitiˈlaiɡəu /blindness 失明blurred vision, visual disturbance 视力模糊impaired vision 视力下降lacrimation 流泪papilledema 视神经乳头水肿photophobia 畏光，羞明retinal detachment 视网膜脱离deafness 聋hearing loss 听力丧失tinnitus 耳鸣/tiˈnaitəs /epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血impaired smelling 嗅觉障碍nasal discharge 鼻涕nasal obstruction 鼻塞sneeze 喷嚏snore 打鼾aphonia, loss of voice 失音症hoarseness 嘶哑gum bleeding 齿龈出血herpes labialis 唇疱疹，感冒疮Koplik's spots 科普利克斑lead line of the gum 龈铅线salivation, drooling 流口水straw-berry tongue 草莓舌tremulous tongue 舌震颤atrophy 萎缩contracture 挛缩deformity 畸形，变形dislocation 脱位fracture 骨折closed (simple)fracture 无创骨折，单纯性骨折comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折compound fracture 哆开（开放性）骨折knock-knee 膝外翻opisthotonos 角弓反张prosthesis 假体spasm 痉挛tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失语ataxia 共济失调coma 昏迷consciousness 知觉，意识/ˈkɔnʃəsnɪs / convulsion 抽搐，惊厥/ kənˈvʌlʃən /delusion 妄想faint 昏厥hallucination 幻觉hemiplegia 偏瘫increased intracranial pressure 颅内压增高/ˌintrəˈkreiniəl / insanity 精神错乱/ɪnˈsænətɪ /loss of orientation 定向丧失/ɔ:rienˈteiʃən /mania 躁狂/ˈmeniə /memory defects, amnesia 记忆缺损，遗忘症/æmˈniʒə / paraplegia 截瘫，下身麻痹projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡，嗜睡stupor 木僵，昏呆tetraplegia 四肢瘫痪unconsciousness 失去知觉yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象failure 衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭diagnosis诊断auscultation 听诊/ˌɔskəlˈteʃən /inspection 视诊palpation触诊percussion 叩诊/ pəˈkʌʃən /laboratory examination 实验室检查physical examination 体格检查rectal (vaginal) touch 直肠（阴道）指诊impression 印象tentative diagnosis 暂定诊断differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断final diagnosis 最后诊断prognosis 预后prescription 处方incubation (latent) period 潜伏期/ˌɪnkjəˈbeɪʃən / prodromal stage 前驱期incipient stage 初期/ɪnˈsɪpiənt /quiescent stage 静止期/kwiˈɛsənt /alleviation 减轻，缓和/əˌli:vɪˈeɪʃən /remission 缓解attack 发作convalescence (recovery) stage 恢复期rehabilitation 康复/ ri:həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən /sudden death 猝死moribund 濒死的/ mɔrəˌbʌnd /course of the disease 病程course of the treatment 疗程indication 适应症，指征complication 并发症contraindication 禁忌症/ˈkɔntrəˌindiˈkeiʃən / side-effect 副作用sequel (sequela), after effect 后遗症therapies 治疗方法/ˈθerəpi s/acupuncture therapy 针刺疗法block therapy 封闭疗法chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化学疗法combined therapy 综合疗法conservative therapy 保守疗法constitutional therapy 全身疗法dietetic therapy 饮食疗法/ˌdaiəˈtetik /operative treatment 手术疗法palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息疗法physical therapy 物理疗法psychotherapy 精神疗法radical treatment 根治radio-therapy 放射性疗法supporting treatment 支持疗法symptomatic treatment对症疗法cardiac massage 心脏按摩cardiac pacing 心脏起博electrotherapy 电疗法electroshock treatment 电休克疗法hemodialysis 血液透析/ˌhi:məudaiˈælisis /hyperbaric therapy 高压氧疗法insulin-shock treatment 胰岛素休克疗法light therapy 光疗法therapeutic gymnastics 医疗体育。