[考试]公共管理专业英语第一单元课文翻译
公共管理专业英语作文500字左右
公共管理专业英语作文500字左右英文回答：Public administration plays a pivotal role in the governance and delivery of essential services to citizens. It encompasses the principles, practices, and theories that guide the efficient and effective management of public organizations. By fostering collaboration, transparency, and accountability, public administration aims to enhance the quality of life for all.Public administrators, who are responsible for implementing public policies and managing public resources, face complex challenges in today's rapidly evolving world. Technological advancements, globalization, and societal demands have necessitated the adoption of innovative approaches to public service delivery. Publicadministration professionals must be adaptable, analytical, and possess strong communication and interpersonal skills to navigate these complexities.Education in public administration provides the foundation for individuals to excel in this demanding field. Degree programs typically cover topics such as public policy, budgeting, human resource management, and ethics. Through coursework, internships, and research projects, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the theory and practice of public administration. They develop theskills necessary to analyze public problems, design and implement effective solutions, and manage public organizations responsibly.中文回答：公共管理在政府治理和向公民提供基本服务中发挥着至关重要的作用。
公共管理专业英语
• "The changes we propose will ensure that – but they do something else too. They will save billions of pounds which can be better spent elsewhere in the NHS." • Miliband will argue that the growing number of older people and those with chronic illnesses requires a new model of integrated care. At present social care is handled by local government but acute care by the NHS.
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• Ed Miliband has faced criticism that he is not doing enough to project a clear image of where Labour would take Britain in office. Photograph: David Cheskin/PA
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• Miliband will cite figures from the Nuffield Trust that show that unless Britain improves the way services are delivered, growing care needs will leave a shortfall of up to £29bn a year by 2020 in NHS funding. • He will claim his planned reorganisation represents the reforms the NHS really wanted as opposed to the changes imposed by the former health secretary Andrew Lansley. He will claim the Lansley-Hunt reforms are putting the financial sustainability of the NHS at risk.
公共管理专业英语 李柱国编
公共管理专业英语李柱国编嘿，朋友！咱今天来聊聊这公共管理专业英语，是李柱国编的那本哟！你说这公共管理专业英语，是不是就像一扇通往新世界的神秘大门？一旦打开，那可真是别有洞天。
就好比你在沙漠里走啊走，突然发现了一片绿洲，充满了新奇和惊喜。
想想看，公共管理这个领域，本身就涵盖了好多重要的事儿。
从城市规划到社会服务，从政策制定到资源分配。
而英语呢，就像是给这个领域插上了翅膀，能让我们飞得更高，看得更远。
李柱国编的这本教材，那可真是精心打造的宝藏。
里面的内容丰富多样，单词、句子、文章，样样俱全。
就像一桌丰盛的大餐，有主菜有甜点，让你吃得满足，学得过瘾。
学这公共管理专业英语，可不能三天打鱼两天晒网。
得像小蜜蜂一样勤劳，每天都要去采蜜。
每天积累几个单词，几个句子，时间长了，那收获可不得了！你想想，要是每天就随便翻翻，能学到啥？不就像在海边捡贝壳，捡了几个就跑，能有啥大收获？还有啊，学英语可不能光是死记硬背。
得学会灵活运用，就跟练武一样，招式要活，不能生硬。
比如说，看到一个公共管理的案例，试着用英语去分析，去表达自己的观点。
这多有意思，多有挑战性！而且，学这门课的时候，可别一个人闷头学。
要多和同学交流，互相切磋。
这就像打篮球，团队配合才能赢得漂亮。
大家一起讨论问题，分享学习方法，那进步得才快呢！再说说阅读这一块。
教材里的文章那都是精心挑选的，得认真读，仔细品。
别走马观花，那可不行。
要像品茶一样，慢慢感受其中的韵味。
遇到不懂的单词和句子，别怕，查字典，搞明白。
这就像解谜一样，解开了，多有成就感！写作也很重要哦！别光想着读和说，写也是检验水平的重要方式。
试着用英语写一篇关于公共管理的小短文，把自己的想法和观点清晰地表达出来。
刚开始可能写得不太好，那没关系，多练练就好了。
这就跟学走路一样，一开始跌跌撞撞，后来不就走得稳稳当当了？听力也不能落下。
多听听相关的英语音频，锻炼自己的耳朵。
要能听懂那些专业的词汇和表达，这可不是一件容易的事儿，但只要坚持，就一定能行！总之，公共管理专业英语这门课，虽然有难度，但只要咱们用心学，坚持学，就一定能学好，一定能在这个领域里畅游无阻！让我们一起加油，向着知识的海洋奋勇前进！。
公共管理英语各单元全文翻译
Unit 1Opening Administration to the PublicCitizens of Bengbu City, Anhui Province, now have the opportunity to be a visitor at municipal(市政的) government meetings, thanks to the government's recent efforts to open its administration-adopting t he Measures for Inviting Citizens to listen to the Administrative Mee ting, which （生效，实施）on December 16, 2001. 安徽省蚌埠市的群众现在有机会出席旁听市政府的召开的会议了，这主要是得益于市政府最近采用并制定的开放式行政管理的措施而邀请市民出席旁听政府的一些行政管理方面的会议。
Ten citizens are invited to be present at each meeting on adminis trative affairs行政事务. The number of citizen listeners invited to very important meeting can vary. The listeners can be deputies（代表） to the city's people's congress, members of the local committee of t he Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, personages（要人，名流） of democratic parties, members of the Association of Indus try and Commerce and others. They must be at least 18 years of age, a nd willingly to be a visitor at the meeting.邀请出席每一次行政事务会议旁听的市民，受邀旁听市民的人数是根据会议的重要程度而定的。
刚整理的专业英语课文翻译
第一单元Human bodyTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。
研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。
其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。
Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。
陈世丹：《新编MPA英语阅读教程》第三版课件
4. These appointees, while functioning as top managers significant management responsibilities, are seldom professional managers and seldom think of themselves as management experts.
5. When Disney’s famous mouse made it big in the 1930s, he appeared in a variety of cartoon shorts that had him building something (such as a house or a boat) that would later fall apart, or generally going to a great deal of trouble for little result. 解析：连词When引导的时间状语从句中的短语made it big 意为“获得成功”。关系代词that引导的定语从句中宾语 him后面跟了两个现在分词短语building something… 和going to…做宾语补足语。 译文：当迪斯尼的著名老鼠在20世纪30年代大获成功，它 出现在各种各样的动画短片中，它或是建造后来崩溃的东西 （如一幢小房或一只小船），或是经常为了微不足道的结果 而遇上大量的麻烦。
公共管理是艺术，不是科学——抑或反之
有些人有管理天赋。我们都见过这种天生的管理 者。他们不仅能长久地条理清晰，还有组织人一起和 谐工作的特殊能力。管理的艺术在于处事公正，灵活， 具有常识。但是没有工具——没有消化和传达信息的技 能（科学）——艺术家是毫无用处的。争论公共管理到 底是艺术多一点还是科学多一点是毫无意义的。它是 两者兼具的。当然，有更多的科学知识，你会是一个 更好的艺术家。但是如果你没有艺术上的天赋，书本 上的知识是不能让你成为一个艺术家的。 美国内战开始时，无论是战争艺术还是战争科学， 亨利•威戈•哈莱克也许是北方军中最博学的了。他所 任教的西点军校用他的书《军事艺术和科学的要素》 （1864年）和他翻译的许多外国军事教材作为教科书。
公共管理专业英语作文500字左右
公共管理专业英语作文500字左右{z}Title: The Importance of Public Management in Modern Society Public management plays a crucial role in the functioning of modern society.It encompasses the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of public sector organizations to achieve their objectives effectively and efficiently.With the world becoming increasingly complex and interconnected, the importance of public management cannot be overstated.Firstly, public management ensures the delivery of essential services to ernments are responsible for providing services such as healthcare, education, transportation, and infrastructure.Effective public management ensures that these services are delivered in a timely and efficient manner, meeting the needs of the citizens.Secondly, public management promotes accountability and transparency in governance.Public sector organizations are expected to utilize public resources efficiently and effectively.Through effective public management, governments can ensure that public resources are allocated appropriately, and that there is accountability for their use.Thirdly, public management contributes to the development and implementation of public policies.Public policies are crucial for addressing societal issues and challenges.Public managers are responsible for developing, implementing, and evaluating these policiesto ensure their effectiveness.Furthermore, public management fosters collaboration and partnerships between the public and private sectors.Many complex issues cannot be addressed by the public sector alone, and require collaboration with private entities.Public managers facilitate these partnerships, ensuring that resources and expertise are pooled together to address societal challenges.In addition, public management supports the development and training of public sector employees.A skilled and motivated workforce is essential for the effective functioning of public sector organizations.Public managers are responsible for recruiting, training, and developing employees to ensure they have the necessary skills and knowledge to perform their roles.Lastly, public management contributes to the improvement of society as a whole.By addressing societal issues and challenges, public managers help to create a better and more equitable society for all.In conclusion, public management is a vital function in modern society.It ensures the delivery of essential services, promotes accountability and transparency, contributes to public policy development, fosters collaboration, supports workforce development, and improves society as a whole.Therefore, investing in public management is crucial for the effective functioning of modern societies.。
公共管理专业的英语
公共管理专业的英语As a student majoring in Public Administration, I have found that the English language plays a crucial role in my studies and future career. The ability to effectively communicate in English is essential for understanding and analyzing global public policy issues, as well as for collaborating with international organizations and partners. Therefore, it is important for students in the field of public administration to have a strong command of the English language in order to excel in their academic and professional endeavors.One of the main reasons why English is important for public administration students is the global nature of the field. Public administration deals with the management of public policies and programs, which often haveinternational implications. As such, being able to communicate and understand the nuances of the English language is crucial for engaging with a diverse range of stakeholders, including government officials, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies. Moreover, many of the key texts and resources in public administration are written in English, making proficiencyin the language essential for accessing and comprehending important academic and professional literature.In addition to the practical reasons for mastering English, there are also broader cultural and socialbenefits to being proficient in the language. English is widely considered to be the global language of business, politics, and academia, and as such, proficiency in English can open up a wide range of opportunities for public administration students. Whether it is participating in international conferences, conducting research with global relevance, or pursuing career opportunities abroad, a strong command of English can greatly enhance a student's prospects in the field of public administration.Furthermore, the ability to communicate effectively in English is also important for building relationships and fostering collaboration with individuals and organizations from diverse cultural backgrounds. Public administration isinherently a field that requires working with people from different countries and cultures, and being able to communicate in a common language can help bridge cultural gaps and facilitate mutual understanding. This isparticularly important in the context of global challenges such as climate change, poverty alleviation, and public health, where international cooperation and coordinationare essential.Moreover, English proficiency is also important for public administration students in terms of personal and professional development. The process of learning a new language can help students develop critical thinking skills, improve their cognitive abilities, and enhance theiroverall academic performance. Additionally, being able to communicate in English can also boost a student'sconfidence and self-esteem, as it allows them to engagewith a wider audience and participate in global conversations about important public policy issues.In conclusion, the importance of English for students majoring in public administration cannot be overstated.From practical considerations such as accessing academic resources and engaging with international stakeholders, to broader cultural and personal benefits, proficiency in English is essential for success in the field of public administration. As a student in this field, I am committed to continuously improving my English language skills in order to maximize my academic and professional potential in the global arena of public policy and administration.。
公共管理专业英语 Microsoft PowerPoint 演示文稿
Its jurisdiction encompasses public schools all across the country. In addition, it not only affects the education of the children, but also the lives of working parents. 它的管辖范围包括全国各地的公立学校。此 外，它不仅会影响孩子的教育，而且会影响 工作的父母的生活。 Jurisdiction：n.管辖权 Jurisdiction：n.管辖权 Encompass：v.包围，环绕，包含或包括某 Encompass：v.包围，环绕，包含或包括某 事物
Relying heavily on appraisals of efficiency and effectiveness, government agencies are incorporating systems of user-pay basis, userincreasing competition by allowing companies to bid for contracts, developing resultresult-oriented budgets, and offering incentives to public servants to improve work performance. 严重依赖效率和效益的评估，政府机构都纳 入到以用户支付为基础，通过使企业竞投合 约来增加竞争，发展结果为导向的预算，并 提供激励措施使公务员提供工作绩效的系统。
The lack of competition for governments, as opposed to the anti-monopoly laws faced by anticompanies, also affects how public projects are managed. 和企业所面临的反垄断法律相反，政府之间 缺乏竞争，也影响了公共项目的管理 the anti-monopoly laws：反垄断法律 antilaws：反垄断法律
公共管理专业英语作文500字左右
公共管理专业英语作文500字左右英文回答：Public administration is a diverse and challengingfield that offers a wide range of opportunities for those who are passionate about making a difference in their communities. Public administrators work in a variety of settings, including government agencies, non-profit organizations, and international organizations. They play a crucial role in developing and implementing policies that affect the lives of citizens, and they work to ensure that public services are delivered efficiently and effectively.The study of public administration provides students with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in this field. Students learn about the history and theory ofpublic administration, as well as the practical skills necessary to manage public organizations. They also develop a deep understanding of the political and economic context in which public administration operates.There are many reasons to study public administration. First, it is a field that is in high demand. Public administrators are needed to fill a variety of roles in government and non-profit organizations. Second, public administration is a challenging and rewarding field. Public administrators have the opportunity to make a realdifference in the lives of others, and they can work on a wide range of issues that affect society. Third, public administration is a field that offers a variety of opportunities for advancement. Public administrators can move into management positions, or they can specialize in a particular area of public administration.If you are interested in a career in public service, then a degree in public administration is a great place to start. Public administration programs provide students with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in this field, and they offer a variety of opportunities for students toget involved in public service.中文回答：公共管理是一个多元化且充满挑战的领域，为那些热衷于为社区做出贡献的人提供了广泛的机会。
公共管理专业英语 李柱国编
公共管理专业英语李柱国编（中英文版）Title: Public Management Major English: Li Zhuguo EditionIn recent years, the study of public management has become increasingly important in the field of social sciences.As a vital part of this field, Public Management Major English, edited by Li Zhuguo, aims to provide students with the necessary skills to navigate the global landscape of public administration.近年来，公共管理研究在社会科学领域变得越来越重要。
作为这一领域的重要组成部分，《公共管理专业英语》李柱国编著，旨在为学生提供必要的技能，以应对公共行政的全球环境。
This book is designed to equip students with the knowledge and skills required to understand and analyze public management issues from an international perspective.It covers a wide range of topics, including public administration, public policy, and governance, all of which are essential for students pursuing a career in public service.本书旨在为学生提供理解和分析国际公共管理问题的必要知识和技能。
公共管理专业英语 mpa
公共管理专业英语 mpa公共管理专业英语（MPA）是一门致力于培养学生在公共部门管理和领导能力方面的专业课程。
下面我将从多个角度对MPA进行全面的回答。
首先，公共管理专业英语（MPA）是一门涵盖公共部门管理和领导的学科。
它旨在培养学生在政府、非营利组织和公共机构中担任管理职位的能力。
学生将学习如何制定和实施公共政策，管理公共资源，解决公共问题以及领导和管理公共部门的组织。
其次，MPA课程涵盖了广泛的学科领域。
学生将学习公共管理理论、公共政策分析、组织行为学、财务管理、人力资源管理、项目管理、政府与社会关系等课程。
这些课程旨在帮助学生获得全面的管理技能和知识，以应对公共部门中的挑战和问题。
此外，MPA课程注重实践和应用。
学生将参与案例分析、团队项目、实地考察等实践活动，以提高他们解决实际问题的能力。
此外，一些MPA课程还提供实习机会，让学生在真实的工作环境中应用所学知识和技能。
MPA课程还强调领导力和伦理道德。
学生将学习如何有效地领导和管理团队，如何做出道德和负责任的决策。
这些技能对于在公共部门中成功担任管理职位至关重要。
最后，MPA学位在职业发展方面具有广泛的应用。
毕业生可以在政府部门、非营利组织、国际组织、公共咨询公司等各种公共部门和相关领域中找到就业机会。
他们可以担任公共政策分析师、项目经理、政府顾问、公共部门经理等职位。
综上所述，公共管理专业英语（MPA）是一门培养学生在公共部门管理和领导能力方面的专业课程。
通过广泛的学科涵盖、实践和应用导向的教学以及强调领导力和伦理道德，MPA课程为学生提供了在公共部门中成功发展的基础。
2023年全国研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题译文
2023年全国研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考英语试题译文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination for Management MajorsPart I: Translation1. Translate the following passage into English (30 points)考研考试是我国实施研究生培养制度的重要组成部分，它不仅是选拔研究生的重要途径，也是评价研究生培养质量的重要依据。
因此，考研考试的选拔发挥了推动研究生教育与培养创新型人才的功能。
Answer:The postgraduate entrance examination is an important part of the graduate education system in China. It is not only an important means of selecting postgraduates, but also an important basis for evaluating the quality of graduate education. Therefore, the selection of the postgraduate entrance examination plays a role in promoting graduate education and cultivating innovative talents.2. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20 points)1) Public administration is an interdisciplinary field that integrates theory, policy, and practice.2) Management majors need to develop a solid foundation in economics, finance, and leadership.3) The advent of big data has revolutionized the way organizations make decisions and strategize.Answer:1) 公共管理是一个综合理论、政策和实践的跨学科领域。
公共管理专业 英语
The Role of English in Public Management: Bridging the Global DivideIn the fast-paced and interconnected world of today, the importance of English in the field of public management cannot be overstated. English, as a lingua franca, has become the common language of communication across borders, sectors, and professions. In public management, this global language plays a pivotal role in bridging the divide, facilitating the exchange of ideas, and enabling effective collaboration.Firstly, English acts as a bridge between different cultures and perspectives. In the public sector, where policies and decisions often have far-reaching impacts, the ability to communicate effectively with stakeholders from diverse backgrounds is crucial. English enables public managers to convey complex ideas and concepts, regardless of their native language, fostering a more inclusive and collaborative decision-making process.Moreover, English facilitates access to a vast repository of knowledge and research. The global nature of public management demands that practitioners stay abreastof trends, best practices, and innovations from around the world. By reading and writing in English, public managers can tap into this rich resource, enhancing their professional capabilities and informing their policies and strategies.Additionally, English is essential for public managers seeking to engage with international organizations and partners. In an era of globalization, cross-border cooperation and partnerships are becoming increasingly common. By communicating in English, public managers can build relationships, share experiences, and collaborate effectively with their peers from other countries, contributing to the global public good.Furthermore, English acts as a tool for professional development. Public management is a dynamic field that requires continuous learning and adaptation. English-language courses and training programs provide public managers with the opportunity to enhance their skills, expand their networks, and prepare themselves for leadership roles in the global arena.In conclusion, English is indispensable in public management. It acts as a bridge between cultures, facilitates access to knowledge, enables international collaboration, and drives professional development. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the role of English in public management will continue to grow, making it even more crucial for practitioners to master this global language.**公共管理专业英语的重要性：跨越全球鸿沟**在当今快节奏、高度互联的世界中，英语在公共管理专业中的重要性不言而喻。
专业英语课文翻译
School of chemical engineering and pharmaceutical test tubes 试管test tube holder试管夹test tube brush 试管刷test tube rack试管架beaker烧杯stirring搅拌棒thermometer温度计boiling flask长颈烧瓶Florence flask平底烧瓶flask,round bottom,two-neck boiling flask,three-neck conical flask锥形瓶wide-mouth bottle广口瓶graduated cylinder量筒gas measuring tube气体检测管volumetric flask容量瓶transfer pipette移液管Geiser burette(stopcock)酸式滴定管funnel漏斗Mohr burette(with pinchcock)碱式滴定管watch glass表面皿evaporating dish蒸发皿ground joint磨口连接Petri dish有盖培养皿desiccators干燥皿long-stem funnel长颈漏斗filter funnel过滤漏斗Büchner funnel瓷漏斗separatory funnel分液漏斗Hirsh funnel赫尔什漏斗filter flask 吸滤瓶Thiele melting point tube蒂勒熔点管plastic squeez e bottle塑料洗瓶 medicine dropper药用滴管rubber pipette bulb 吸球microspatula微型压舌板pipet吸量管mortar and pestle研体及研钵filter paper滤纸Bunsen burner煤气灯burette stand滴定管架support ring支撑环ring stand环架distilling head蒸馏头side-arm distillation flask侧臂蒸馏烧瓶air condenser空气冷凝器centrifuge tube离心管fractionating column精(分)馏管Graham condenser蛇形冷凝器crucible坩埚crucible tongs坩埚钳beaker tong烧杯钳economy extension clamp经济扩展夹extension clamp牵引夹utility clamp铁试管夹hose clamp软管夹 burette clamp pinchcock;pinch clamp弹簧夹 screw clamp 螺丝钳ring clamp 环形夹goggles护目镜stopcock活塞wire gauze铁丝网analytical balance分析天平分析化学absolute error绝对误差accuracy准确度assay化验analyte(被)分析物calibration校准constituent成分coefficient of variation变异系数confidence level置信水平detection limit检出限determination测定estimation 估算equivalent point等当点gross error总误差impurity杂质indicator指示剂interference干扰internal standard内标level of significance显著性水平 limit of quantitation定量限masking掩蔽matrix基体precision精确度primary standard原始标准物purity纯度qualitative analysis定性分析 quantitative analysis定量分析random error偶然误差reagent试剂relative error相对误差robustness耐用性sample样品relative standard deviation相对标准偏差 selectivity选择性sensitivity灵敏度specificity专属性titration滴定significant figure有效数字solubility product溶度积standard addition标准加入法standard deviation标准偏差standardization标定法stoichiometric point化学计量点systematic error系统误差有机化学acid anhydride 酸酐acyl halide 酰卤alcohol 醇aldehyde 醛aliphatic 脂肪族的alkene 烯烃alkyne炔allyl烯丙基amide氨基化合物amino acid 氨基酸aromatic compound 芳香烃化合物amine胺butyl 丁基aromatic ring芳环,苯环 branched-chain支链chain链carbonyl羰基carboxyl羧基chelate螯合chiral center手性中心conformers构象copolymer共聚物derivative 衍生物dextrorotatary右旋性的diazotization重氮化作用dichloromethane二氯甲烷ester酯ethyl乙基fatty acid脂肪酸functional group 官能团general formula 通式glycerol 甘油，丙三醇heptyl 庚基heterocyclie 杂环的hexyl 己基homolog 同系物hydrocarbon 烃,碳氢化合物hydrophilic 亲水的hydrophobic 疏水的hydroxide 烃基ketone 酮levorotatory左旋性的methyl 甲基molecular formula分子式monomer单体octyl辛基open chain开链optical activity旋光性（度）organic 有机的organic chemistry 有机化学organic compounds有机化合物pentyl戊基phenol苯酚phenyl苯基polymer 聚合物，聚合体propyl丙基ring-shaped环状结构 zwitterion兼性离子saturated compound饱和化合物side chain侧链straight chain 直链tautomer互变（异构）体structural formula结构式triglyceride甘油三酸脂unsaturated compound不饱和化合物物理化学activation energy活化能adiabat绝热线amplitude振幅collision theory碰撞理论empirical temperature假定温度enthalpy焓enthalpy of combustion燃烧焓enthalpy of fusion熔化热enthalpy of hydration水合热enthalpy of reaction反应热enthalpy o f sublimation升华热enthalpy of vaporization汽化热entropy熵first law热力学第一定律first order reaction一级反应free energy自由能Hess’s law盖斯定律Gibbs free energy offormation吉布斯生成能heat capacity热容internal energy内能isobar等压线isochore等容线isotherm等温线kinetic energy动能latent heat潜能Planck’s constant普朗克常数potential energy势能quantum量子quantum mechanics量子力学rate law速率定律specific heat比热spontaneous自发的standard enthalpy change标准焓变standard entropy of reaction标准反应熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔熵standard pressure标压state function状态函数thermal energy热能thermochemical equation热化学方程式thermodynamic equilibrium热力学平衡uncertainty principle测不准定理zero order reaction零级反应 zero point energy零点能课文词汇实验安全及记录：eye wash眼药水first-aid kit急救箱gas line输气管safety shower紧急冲淋房water faucet水龙头flow chart流程图loose leaf活页单元操作分类：heat transfer传热Liquid-liquid extraction液液萃取liquid-solid leaching过滤vapor pressure蒸气压membrane separation薄膜分离空气污染：carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide一氧化碳particulate matter颗粒物质photochemical smog光化烟雾primary pollutants一次污染物secondary pollutants二次污染物 stratospheric ozone depletion平流层臭氧消耗sulfur dioxide二氧化硫volcanic eruption火山爆发食品化学：amino acid氨基酸,胺amino group氨基empirical formula实验式,经验式fatty acid脂肪酸peptide bonds肽键polyphenol oxidase 多酚氧化酶salivary amylase唾液淀粉酶 steroid hormone甾类激素table sugar蔗糖triacylglycerol三酰甘油,甘油三酯食品添加剂：acesulfame-K乙酰磺胺酸钾,一种甜味剂adrenal gland肾上腺ionizing radiation致电离辐射food additives食品添加剂monosodium glutamate味精,谷氨酸一钠（味精的化学成分）natural flavors天然食用香料,天然食用调料nutrasweet天冬甜素potassium bromide 溴化钾propyl gallate没食子酸丙酯sodium chloride氯化钠sodium nitraten硝酸钠sodium nitrite亚硝酸钠trans fats反式脂肪genetic food转基因食品food poisoning 食物中毒hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP)危害分析关键控制点技术maternal and child health care妇幼保健护理national patriotic health campaign committee(NPHCC) 全国爱国卫生运动委员会rural health农村卫生管理the state food and drug administration (SFDA)国家食品药品监督管理局光谱：Astronomical Spectroscopy天文光谱学Laser Spectroscopy激光光谱学 Mass Spectrometry质谱Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy原子吸收光谱Attenuated T otal Reflectance Spectroscopy衰减全反射光谱Electron Paramagnetic Spectroscopy电子顺磁谱Electron Spectroscopy电子光谱Infrared Spectroscopy红外光谱Fourier Transform Spectrosopy傅里叶变换光谱Gamma-ray Spectroscopy伽玛射线光谱Multiplex or Frequency-Modulated Spectroscopy复用或频率调制光谱X-ray SpectroscopyX射线光谱色谱：Gas Chromatography气相色谱High Performance Liquid Chromatography高效液相色谱Thin-Layer Chromatography薄层色谱magnesium silicate gel硅酸镁凝胶retention time保留时间mobile phase流动相stationary phase固定相反应类型：agitated tank搅拌槽catalytic reactor催化反应器batch stirred tank reactor间歇搅拌反应釜continuous stirred tank 连续搅拌釜exothermic reactions放热反应pilot plant试验工厂fluidized bed Reactor流动床反应釜multiphase chemical reactions 多相化学反应packed bed reactor填充床反应器redox reaction氧化还原反应reductant-oxidant氧化还原剂acid base reaction酸碱反应additionreaction加成反应chemical equation化学方程式valence electron价电子combination reaction化合反应hybrid orbital 杂化轨道decomposition reaction分解反应substitution reaction取代(置换)反应Lesson5 Classification of Unit Operations单元操作Fluid flow流体流动它涉及的原理是确定任一流体从一个点到另一个点的流动和输送。
公共管理专业英语第一单元课文翻译
Lesson 1The Practice and Discipline of Public AdministrationSome Definitions公共行政，像许多人的努力，是很难界定的。
然而，我们有一种感觉它是什么，应该如何进行，虽然我们可能不同意深刻。
在某种程度上，这是因为公共管理涵盖了大量的活动。
公共管理工作的探索外层空间清扫街道。
一些政府公务人员是受过良好教育的专业人士，他们可能会在他们的专业领域的前沿，其他拥有不同的技能，他们从海量的风向标。
一些公共管理政策，在全国范围内的影响，并可能惠及亿万人，其他人几乎没有任何决策和责任进行世俗政府的任务，如文字处理，存档，并保持记录。
公共管理是医生，律师，科学家，工程师，会计师，budgeters，政策分析家，人事人员，管理人员，文员，keyboarders，体力劳动者和个人从事其他职业的主机和功能。
但我们知道公共管理做什么不能解决的问题，界定什么是公共管理。
乍一看，人们可能会倾向于公共管理的定义忽视的问题。
有人指出，前一段时间，任何一个段落或一个句子的公共管理的定义，必然要证明暂时的思维瘫痪*。
这是因为，公共管理作为一类是抽象的，多样的，它只能说是含糊，笼统，无定形的，有些竞争*。
然而，一些关注的定义是很重要的。
首先，有必要建立一般的界限，传达的纪律性和公共管理实践的主要问题。
第二，公共管理的定义可以放置在更广泛的政治，经济和社会背景*领域。
第三，考虑到公共管理的定义表明，有三个不同的领域的基本方法。
多年来学者和从业者强调，这些方法中的一种或另一种的趋势，促进了混乱，因为每个方法往往会强调不同的价值观，不同的组织安排，不同的方法发展信息，并从根本上截然不同的意见的公民个人。
人们可以找到各种各样的公共管理的定义，但下面是其中最严重和最有影响力的努力定义字段。
1。
“公共行政是政府行动的一部分，政府的宗旨和目标实现的手段，*。
”2。
“公共行政领域作为主要的手段实现政治价值观有关。
介绍公共管理专业的英语作文
介绍公共管理专业的英语作文英文回答：Public administration is a diverse and challengingfield that plays a crucial role in the functioning of society. It involves the management of public resources and the provision of services to the public. Public administrators work in a variety of settings, from local governments and non-profit organizations to state and federal agencies.There are many different aspects to public administration, but some of the core principles include accountability, transparency, efficiency, and equity. Public administrators are responsible for ensuring that public funds are spent wisely and that services are delivered in a fair and equitable manner. They also work to protect the public interest and promote the common good.Public administration is a complex and demanding field,but it is also a rewarding one. Public administrators have the opportunity to make a real difference in the lives of their communities. They can help to improve public services, promote economic development, and protect the environment.If you are interested in a career in public administration, there are a number of different educational programs available. Many colleges and universities offer undergraduate and graduate degrees in public administration. There are also a number of professional organizations that offer training and development opportunities for public administrators.中文回答：公共管理专业介绍。
公共管理专业英语课后题答案
公共管理专业英语课后题答案1、Medicines are to be taken according to the doctor’s advice. [单选题] *A. 发放B. 提取C. 配方D. 服用(正确答案)2、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment3、My friends will _______ me at the airport when I arrive in London. [单选题] *A. takeB. meet(正确答案)C. receiveD. have4、I have only two tickets for TF Boys’concert. ______ you ______ he can go with me.（）[单选题] *A. Either; or(正确答案)B. Either; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but also5、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking6、They will hold the party if they _____ the project on time. [单选题] *A. will completeB. complete(正确答案)C．completedD. had completed7、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding8、17．—When ________ they leave here?—Tomorrow morning. [单选题] *A．doB．will(正确答案)C．doesD．are9、A lot of students in our school were born _______ March, 1 [单选题] *A. in(正确答案)B. atC. onD. since10、Nowadays more and more people travel by _______, because its safe, cheap and fast. [单选题] *A. footB. bikeC. high-speed train(正确答案)D. boat11、—Could you take out the rubbish, Jim?—______. I have too much homework to do. You can ask Sally to do it. （）[单选题] *A. Sorry, I can’t(正确答案)B. No problemC. I disagreeD. No, thanks12、He studied harder to _______ his reading skills. [单选题] *A. improve(正确答案)B. rememberC. memorizeD. forget13、I’ve got some very _______ news to tell you. [单选题] *A. exciting(正确答案)B. comfortableC. convenientD. beautiful14、Mary _____ be in Paris. I saw her just now on campus. [单选题] *A. mustn'tB. can't(正确答案)C. need notD. may not15、Have you done something _______ on the weekends? [单选题] *A. special(正确答案)B. soreC. convenientD. slim16、—_____ are the Olympic Games held? —Every four years [单选题] *A. How longB. How often(正确答案)C. How soonD. How far17、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way18、41．My father is a headmaster and he is _____ charge _____ a primary school. [单选题] * A．/, ofB．/, withC．in, of (正确答案)D．in, with19、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after20、--Do you have a _______?--Yes, I _______ at a clothes store. [单选题] *A. work; workB. work; jobC. job; jobD. job; work(正确答案)21、Julia’s on holiday in Shanghai _______. [单选题] *A. in a momentB. after a momentC. at the moment(正确答案)D. at any moment22、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心23、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you24、I _______ seeing you soon. [单选题] *A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look forward to(正确答案)25、The street was named _____ George Washington who led the American war for independence. [单选题] *A. fromB. withC. asD. after(正确答案)26、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up27、The organization came into being in 1 [单选题] *B. 进行改组C. 解散D. 成立于(正确答案)28、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation. [单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)29、36．This kind of bread is terrible. I don't want to eat it ______. [单选题] *A．any more(正确答案)B．some moreC．no longerD．some longer30、35．Everyone in China ______ Mid-Autumn Day. [单选题] *A．likes(正确答案)B．likeD．are like。
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[考试]公共管理专业英语第一单元课文翻译Lesson 1The Practice and Discipline of Public Administration SomeDefinitions公共行政，像许多人的努力，是很难界定的。
然而，我们有一种感觉它是什么，应该如何进行，虽然我们可能不同意深刻。
在某种程度上，这是因为公共管理涵盖了大量的活动。
公共管理工作的探索外层空间清扫街道。
一些政府公务人员是受过良好教育的专业人士，他们可能会在他们的专业领域的前沿，其他拥有不同的技能，他们从海量的风向标。
一些公共管理政策，在全国范围内的影响，并可能惠及亿万人，其他人几乎没有任何决策和责任进行世俗政府的任务，如文字处理，存档，并保持记录。
公共管理是医生，律师，科学家，工程师，会计师，budgeters，政策分析家，人事人员，管理人员，文员，keyboarders，体力劳动者和个人从事其他职业的主机和功能。
但我们知道公共管理做什么不能解决的问题，界定什么是公共管理。
乍一看，人们可能会倾向于公共管理的定义忽视的问题。
有人指出，前一段时间，任何一个段落或一个句子的公共管理的定义，必然要证明暂时的思维瘫痪*。
这是因为，公共管理作为一类是抽象的，多样的，它只能说是含糊，笼统，无定形的，有些竞争*。
然而，一些关注的定义是很重要的。
首先，有必要建立一般的界限，传达的纪律性和公共管理实践的主要问题。
第二，公共管理的定义可以放置在更广泛的政治，经济和社会背景*领域。
第三，考虑到公共管理的定义表明，有三个不同的领域的基本方法。
多年来学者和从业者强调，这些方法中的一种或另一种的趋势，促进了混乱，因为每个方法往往会强调不同的价值观，不同的组织安排，不同的方法发展信息，并从根本上截然不同的意见的公民个人。
人们可以找到各种各样的公共管理的定义，但下面是其中最严重和最有影响力的努力定义字段。
1。
“公共行政是政府行动的一部分，政府的宗旨和目标实现的手段，*。
”2。
“公共行政领域作为主要的手段实现政治价值观有关。
”3。
“公共管理得到最好的识别与政府的行政部门。
”4。
“公共管理的过程，包括参与影响政府的意图或愿望的行动。
因此，这是政府持续有效，'生意'的一部分，有关法律，由立法机构(或其他权威代理)及由法庭解释，通过组织与管理*的过程。
“5。
公共管理:(一)在公共场所是一个合作的集体努力;(B)涵盖所有三个部门 - 行政，立法和司法 - 以及它们之间的相互关系;(三)具有重要的作用，在制定公共政策，因而是政治进程的一部分;(d)是由私人管理的重要方式不同;及(e)是密切相关的许多民间团体和个人。
各种公共行政和他们的无数细微之处的定义，可以得出什么样的结论,其一是公共管理的定义是心态瘫痪。
另一个结论是，并没有真正的主题为“公共管理”，但相当，公共管理，是指不同的事情，不同的观察者，并没有一个显着的共同的理论或应用意义。
然而，这种观点的吸引力有限，因为这个问题是肯定不会，有没有公共管理 - 我们不仅要知道它的存在，但也往往是敏锐地察觉到自己的贡献或缺点。
，我们不能巧妙地界定公共管理的实质和进程很难说是一个借口，得出结论认为，这种现象是不存在的，尤其是在的时候，几乎每一个社会正在寻求改善公共部门业务。
. 具有讽刺意味的是，从多个定义，可以得出另一个结论是，相反，公共管理是无处不在。
有些人认为，有没有公共管理领域或学科的本身，因为这项研究的公共管理重叠的其他学科，包括政治学，社会学，经济学，心理学，工商管理。
虽然这种方法在实践中包含了大量的事实，它是不理想的，因为它使我们不连贯的能力，分析当代公共生活的一个重要方面 - 事实上，这显然是一个中央政治发展的20世纪，即，崛起的大国和强国的政府机构本文的结论是，所有以前的定义是有帮助的。
不涉及公共管理活动，它关注的是政治和政策的制定，往往集中在政府行政部门，它有别于私人管理，它关注的是执行法律。
但是我们可以更具体的提供我们自己的定义:公共管理是政府监管和服务功能提供使用管理，政治和法律的理论和程序履行立法，行政和司法的任务。
这里有几点需要进一步阐述。
Emphasizing the Public in Public Administration正如你所知道的，公共管理与私人管理微不足道的方式。
公共部门和私营部门之间的界限往往模糊不清，并且是通用的，这两个部门的管理和元素法的几个方面。
然而，在平衡，公共管理仍然是一个独立的企业。
在下面的网页列出的原因。
Constitutions在美国，联邦和州宪法确定的公共行政环境和地点的限制它。
首先，宪法片段的权力和控制的公共管理。
权力分立的地方公共管理三下”的主人*。
”我们习以为常的思维的州长和总统被控制的公共管理，但在实践中立法机构拥有多或更多的宪法权力，行政业务。
这显然是真正的在联邦一级，在国会的宪法权力，建立机构和部门法;修正其大小在人事及预算;确定其任务和法律权威，内部结构，和地点;建立程序化人力资源管理。
国会还颁布了大量的行政法规制行政程序，包括制定规则，公开会议，公众参与，并收集和发布信息。
法院经常行使相当大的权力和控制公共管理。
他们帮助确定的法律权利和义务的机构和个人和团体的人后，公共行政人员的行为。
他们还确定了宪法权利的公共雇员的性质和他们的责任，违反法律或宪法。
司法部门也在积极的改制学校系统，公共精神卫生设施，公共房屋，和监狱在努力确保他们遵守宪法的标准。
司法审查机构的活动是如此广泛，法院和公共管理人员现在“伙伴*。
”的程度的立法和司法权力的公共管理叶首席执行官只有有限的控制权的行政部门，并远远低于比习见手中的首席执行官的私人组织，无论是营利或不。
联邦宪法给予总统只有两年，他可以行使自己的权力;问部门首长的意见写在各种科目和任命临时空置办公室在国会休会。
在实践中，当然，首席执行官们在公共部门现在经常行使法定权力赋予他们的立法机构——但立法机构几乎总是保留着一种强烈的兴趣如何公共机构的工作。
权力分离，不仅提供了各部门有所不同的公权力的政府也可能让它们之间的协调。
基本政治科学告诉我们，首席执行官，立法机关和法院，响应不同的组别，政治压力，和时间约束。
三个分支都有合法利益的公共管理。
然而，他们往往不同方面，他们认为机构应该做的，他们应该怎样做。
联邦宪法框架还创建了一个系统的联邦制，允许重叠的活动，联邦，州，和本地管理员。
通常，联邦政府将创造一个计划，依托国家执行它。
资金和权力可以共享。
在实践中，国家机构可以负责联邦部门在更大的程度上比他们州州长和州议会。
一样的可能是真实的地方政府。
联邦法院也有重大影响的国家和地方政府。
他们确定的宪法或法律权利的公民都受到政府的活动。
多年来联邦法院已下令广泛的改革，在国家和地方监狱，心理，保健设施，学校和人事制度。
权力分立和联邦制的创建了一个复杂的环境对当代美国的公共行政。
这种复杂性的分散的权力通常是不匹配的私营部门。
法律限制和影响私人管理的要求，但他们不片段权力，在相同的方式，或以同样的程度，也没有提供很多当事人的合法权利，观察和参与私人公司的政策决定和其他事务。
宪法关系是重要的，也以另一种方式。
他们建立的价值在公共部门经常背道而驰的价值体现在私人管理。
效率的政府往往是服从于政治原则作为代表性和透明度，问责制。
效率也比法律考虑程序。
记住，除了第十三修正案，禁止奴役和非自愿奴役，宪法并没有规定私人当事人之间的关系。
相反，它适用于政府单位之间的关系，如国会和总统或联邦和州政府，以及那些在政府与公众之间。
此外，在大多数的公共部门，也没有真正的等同利润的动机，所以中央私营企业。
这给我们带来的另一个方面的“公共性”的公共管理。
公共利益政府有义务促进公共利益的公共管理与私人管理的区别。
在道德和基本意义，它必须为“一个更高的目标。
”尽管它往往难以说正是为了公众的利益，不能有任何争议的义务，公共管理考虑它作为一个一般性的指导他们的行动。
当他们没有这样做，公共管理者可以正确地被批评为个人或机构的利益之上的人作为一个整体。
一个中心问题，提出公共管理是确保公共管理代表和回应公民的利益。
否则，民主可能不会得逞。
各种法规已经颁布了一个多年的努力保证行使公共权力不使用它的狭隘的党派或纯粹的私人收益或从事资助。
许多公共人事系统在美国和海外限制政治活动的公务员，有利益冲突的规定全面，和所有关心的政治忠诚的员工。
相比之下，私人企业被认为最为普遍利益的强烈追求自身经济利益。
他们的任务是高效率的，在市场上的竞争力。
利润不仅是底线，但利润动机被认为是一个积极的良好的社会和经济。
私人公司不应该损害健康和安全的工人或普通社区。
它们也不应损害或破坏环境。
由大，然而，它被认为是政府的作用，保证，通过适当的调节，使私营部门不危害社会的大。
一种方式总结这不同的角度对公共利益的角度来考虑外部性——或方面的生产或服务业务的组织，没有进入到买方和卖方之间的协议。
污染是一个典型的例子，一个外部性。
这不是占产品销售的;即，它是外部市场。