医学英语词根词缀大全(精.选)

Suffix Meaning Example

-ac pertaining to

属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的

-al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine

-ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule

分子的

-ary pertaining to

belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar

淀粉酶

-cle smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-e an instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检

查耳朵用的)耳镜

-eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx

喉的, 喉音的

-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕

-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their development

and diseases 儿科学

-ine/in substance 物质insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the

islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

胰岛素

-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which

becomes addictive 酒精中毒

-ist one who specializes in

精通于……的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家

-itis inflammation refers to a part in

……部位的炎症rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)um relation to a whole; related to

与……相关

endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜

-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing

止咳药

-let tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴

-ment the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is being

developed; action of becoming mature

-oid resembling; like

像mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的

-ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the middle

of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to

various stimuli 感受器，受体

-ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some

fruit 果糖

-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden

nail 嵌甲

-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing

poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid 核糖体

-um structure; thing; substance 结构，物质 magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance

镁（金属元素）

-y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition

or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes

Suffix Meaning Example

-algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛

--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-blast embryo 胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞 -carcinoma malignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤

adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing

from glandular tissue 腺癌

-cele protrusion; distention 突出；膨胀，延伸 esophagocele: abnormal distention of the

esophagus 食管突出

-centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔 paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the

aspiration of fluid 穿刺术

-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化

碳缺乏

-cide kill germicide: (substance) which can kill germs

杀菌剂

-clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell,

which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌

细胞

-dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛

-ectasia/ -ectasis expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张) atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张

-ectomy surgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach 胃切

除术

-edema excessive accumulation of serous m yxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid