过去完成时态
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? 3.十点钟前，我们到达了车站。
We had got to the station before 10:00.
? 4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。
? He had learned two hundred English words before he went to middle
school.
由时间状语来判定
? 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
? （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点 。 ? 如:I had finished reading the novel by nine
o‘clock last night. ? （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点 。 ? 如:We had learned over two thousand
Translation
1.我到家时她已经睡了。 By the time I got home, she had
already gone to bed.
3.他走以后我找到了那封信。 I found the letter after he had gone
away. 4.我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。
主语+had+过去分词v-pp.(done)
? ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ? ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. ? 否定回答：No,主语+hadn't . ? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑 问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ ? ⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+ 过去分词
Grammar Focus (P77)
1. Past perfect Tense 过去完成时 构成：had＋过去分词
2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻 或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现 的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的 过去”。
6:00
7:00
现在
By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
The differences between Present Perfect tense and Past Perfect tense.
(1) She has taught 表示过去某时发 English for 6 years. 生的动作，这动 (2) “Where is 作可能刚刚停止, Susan” “She has 也可能还在进行。 gone to America”.
汉译英
? 1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？
How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?
? 2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。
By yesterday evening, he had read the text three times.
We reached the cinema late. The film had already begun.
5.我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。
We found that somebody had broken our window. 6.不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的 错误。
I soon realized that I had made a serious mistake.
? 5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。
7.我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。 I didn't go because I had already
seen the film. 8.他查看了所有的信息后，相信女儿 的选择是对的。
After he checked out all the information, he believed his daughter had made a good decision.
When the police arrived, the thieves wk.baidu.comad run away.
When my mother got home， I had already done 10 maths problems.
(8). after
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. (9). “宾语从句”或“间接引语”。 The teacher asked if we had finished doing our homework. He said that he had visited the place twice.
(1) She said she had 表示过去某
taught English for 时之前发生
6 years.
的动作。
(2) By the time I
got to London, she
had gone to America.
现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done
English words by the end of last term. ? （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点 。 ? 如:They had planted six hundred trees before
last Wednesday.
(4).for...
He had waited there for three hours by that time.
(5). since...
He had always stayed in his office since that morning.
(6).by the time
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. (7).when
We had got to the station before 10:00.
? 4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。
? He had learned two hundred English words before he went to middle
school.
由时间状语来判定
? 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：
? （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点 。 ? 如:I had finished reading the novel by nine
o‘clock last night. ? （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点 。 ? 如:We had learned over two thousand
Translation
1.我到家时她已经睡了。 By the time I got home, she had
already gone to bed.
3.他走以后我找到了那封信。 I found the letter after he had gone
away. 4.我们到电影院晚了,电影已经开始了。
主语+had+过去分词v-pp.(done)
? ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ? ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词.
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. ? 否定回答：No,主语+hadn't . ? ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑 问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ ? ⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+ 过去分词
Grammar Focus (P77)
1. Past perfect Tense 过去完成时 构成：had＋过去分词
2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻 或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现 的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的 过去”。
6:00
7:00
现在
By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.
By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.
The differences between Present Perfect tense and Past Perfect tense.
(1) She has taught 表示过去某时发 English for 6 years. 生的动作，这动 (2) “Where is 作可能刚刚停止, Susan” “She has 也可能还在进行。 gone to America”.
汉译英
? 1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？
How many songs had you learned by the end of last term?
? 2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。
By yesterday evening, he had read the text three times.
We reached the cinema late. The film had already begun.
5.我们发现有人把我们的窗户打破了。
We found that somebody had broken our window. 6.不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的 错误。
I soon realized that I had made a serious mistake.
? 5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。
7.我没有去，因为我已看过这部电影。 I didn't go because I had already
seen the film. 8.他查看了所有的信息后，相信女儿 的选择是对的。
After he checked out all the information, he believed his daughter had made a good decision.
When the police arrived, the thieves wk.baidu.comad run away.
When my mother got home， I had already done 10 maths problems.
(8). after
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. (9). “宾语从句”或“间接引语”。 The teacher asked if we had finished doing our homework. He said that he had visited the place twice.
(1) She said she had 表示过去某
taught English for 时之前发生
6 years.
的动作。
(2) By the time I
got to London, she
had gone to America.
现在完成时: 主语 + have / has done 过去完成时: 主语 + had done
English words by the end of last term. ? （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点 。 ? 如:They had planted six hundred trees before
last Wednesday.
(4).for...
He had waited there for three hours by that time.
(5). since...
He had always stayed in his office since that morning.
(6).by the time
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. (7).when