主系表结构讲解

I ’m(not)ten You’re (not)late
Are you ten? Am I late?
Y
Yes ,I am./No ,I ’m not . Yes ,you are./No , you’re not . Yes , he is./No, he isn’t Yes ,we are ./No ,we aren’t Yes ,you are ./No , you aren’t . Yes ,they are ./No ,they aren’t .
Are those pens ?
Yes, they are . No, they aren’t.
注意：
1.主语为this 或that的一般疑问句，答
句中主语要用it 而不用this 或that .
2.主语为these 或those的一般疑问句，
答句中主语要用they而不用these或 those.
4.Are these bananas ?(作肯定回答)
Yes , they are.
5.They are cups .（对划线部分提问）
What are they?
三、选择疑问句. 1. Is she thin or fat ?(用fat作答) She is fat. 2. Is the bay(海峡) new or old ?(用new作答) The bay is new.
表示人或事物的名称 代替名词、数词等 表示人或事物的特征 表示动作等的特征 表示数目或顺序 表示动作或状态 用在名词前说明意义 说明词与词关系 连接词与词或句与句
例词
Tom ,pen ,class , work , water I, me ,mine ,this ,both good, tall ,red ,young Very ,hard ,slowly One , first, fifth is ,do ,have ,get , sing ,ask a ,an ,the at, in ,on ,behind and ,but ,or ,so hi ,hello ,oh
That is (not) a pen . These are (not) books .
Those are (not) pens .
Is that a pen ?
Yes, it is . No, it isn’t. Yes, they are . No, they aren’t.
Are these books ?
3.你的英语老师老还是年轻？ Is your English teacher young or old?
4.Those are hens. (用ducks改为选择疑问句)
Are those hens or ducks? 5.Is your father tall or short ?(用short作答)
I am Tom
简单句
概念：只有一个主谓结构，且句子的各个成
分都只有单词、词组或短语充当的句子叫简 单句。
简单句的五种基本句型
主语 +谓语（不及物动词）+（状语） eg : A bird can fly . 鸟会飞 主语 +谓语（连系动词）+ 表语
eg: she is away from home . 她不在家 主语 +谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语
练习题
一、根据汉语完成句子，每空一词。 1.____( Who 谁)are the men under the tree ? ____ They （他们）are our teachers . your 你的)shoes. 2.Those are not ____( They ____(他们)are Tom’s. 3.These aretheir ___(他们的)books. ____( Your 你们的)books are there . Our 我们的)teacher . 4.This is ____(
She ___(她)is from America.
5.___( I 我)am a teacher . My 我的)father is a teacher , too. ___( 二、选词填空. 1.___(He/His) is Jack. He ___(He/His)cap is yellow . His 2.Linda is my good friend. We ____(We/our)are in the same school .
eg: I love you . 我爱你 主语 +谓语（及物动词）+ 双宾（间接宾语 和直接宾语）
eg: He shows me his passport .
他把护照给我看
主语 +谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 eg: I wish all of you happy .
我祝你们大家幸福
3. What’s your ___(you/your)name? My name is Mike. our 4. We like ___(we/our) school. 5. Is this your bag? My No , it isn’t . ___(I/my)bag is in the desk .
完整句子的动词叫做系动词。目前学到的系 动词有：Be、feel、look、sound、taste、 seem、smell... eg: This flower is beautiful . eg: I felt very tired . eg: You look worried .
表语（predicative） 表语是用来修饰主语的，说明主语的身份、 性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语位于系动 词之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介 词短语、动词的ing形式、不定式、从句来充 当 eg: I am fine . He is a boy . We are here . He is not at home .
选择疑问句
1.选择疑问句不可用Yes或No 回答，其他选择选择的两个部 分语法成分必须相同.
Is he tall or short ? He is short .
2.选择疑问句的语调是前升后 降. Is he tall or short ? 3.选择疑问句是由or连接的. Is he tall or short ?
interjection(interj .) 表示感情或口气
代词（2）-------物主代词
人称 代词 物主 代词
I
my
you he she
your
it we
its
you they
his
her
our your their
These are books
主系表结构（2）---These are
This is (not) a book . Is this a book ? Yes, it is . No ,It isn’t .
特殊规则名词复数
1.以/s/、/z/、/ ʃ/ 、/ ʧ /、/ ʤ /等读音结尾的 名词，加（e）s构成复数，读/ʫ/. class—classes dish—dishes 2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾名词变y为 i ,再加 es ,读作/z/. baby—babies story—stories 3.以字母o结尾的名词变复数. 有的加s, zoo—zoos bamboo---bamboos
He(She ,It ) is (not)here We’re (not) students You’re (not)right .
Is he here? Are you students?
Are we right?
They’re (not) at home
Are they at home?
口诀
我跟am你跟are, 单数主语跟is, 变疑问，be提前， 变否定，更容易， is连着他她它， 复数主语全跟are, 句末问号别忘记， be加not要牢记。
英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。
注意：无论加s还是es,都读作/z/.
特殊名词单、复数
1.单、复数同行 deer(鹿)、sheep 、fish、Chinese Japanese 2.只用作复数 people(人们) police(警察) cattle(牛群) a people(民族) 3.不规则变化 man—men woman---women foot---feet child---children tooth---teeth mouse--mice
练习题
一、主系表结构（用am ,is ,are 填空） is yellow. 1.That banana ___ are these ? “They’re sheep . ” 2.What ___ is in the room . 3.The child ___ 4.____these your oranges? Are are . Yes , they ___ am seven years old . 5.I ____
city---cities
photo---photos tomato--tomatoes
o结尾
加s 加es
f(fe)变ves
f ( fe )结尾
knife---knives
一般规则名词复数
一般规则名词，只需在该名词后加s,即 构成复数。 1.清辅音音素结尾s,读/s/ : desk—desks 2.浊辅音音素结尾s,读/z/ : bed—beds 3.元音音素结尾s,读/z/ : play—plays
代词(1)-------人称代词
人称代词 I you he she it we you they
My name is Tom
词类
词类 名词 代词 形容词 副词 数词 动词 冠词 介词 连词 感叹词 英文名称 noun(n.) pronoun(pron.) adjective(a.) adverb(ad .) numeral(num .) verb(v .) article(art .) preposition(prep .) conjunction(conj .) 作用及意义
photo---photos kilo----kilos piano---pianos video---videos radio ---radios kangaroo---kangaroos 有的加 es, hero---heroes potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Is he tall or short ?
Is this your pen or her pen ? Are you eleven or twelve ? Are these bikes old or new ?
百度文库
He is short .
It’s her pen . I am twelve . They are new .
主系表结构
主语 (Subject)
主语是一句话的中心，表示所说的是什么，其位置 一般放在句首，英语中主语一般不省略。主语主要 由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句 来充当。 eg: Li Lei is a Chinese boy .(Li lei 是名词，作主语) eg: He is from England .(He是代词，作主语) 系动词(Link verb) 简单的说，将主语和表语联系在一起，并构成一个
He is short.
Those are buses
名词词尾加s
单词情况
一般情况
名词（2）----名词复数
构成
直接加s
例句
book—books pig---pigs tree--trees
s , x , sh , ch 结尾
辅音字母加y 结尾
加es
y变 i再加es
box---boxes bus---buses
二、按要求完成句子. 1.This is an apple .(变为复数) These are apples.
2.Those apples are red .(变为否定句) Those apples are not red. 3.These books are new . (变为一般疑 问句) Are these books new?