第二讲 名词所有格语法讲解及练习题(答案不全)

第二讲名词所有格以及名词做主语时的主谓一致

名词所有格：

名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格，相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。三是双重所有格。

2. ’s所有格的用法：

有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词，也

名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。

Whose pen is this? It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔？是汤姆的。

The bike is not mine, but Tom’s.这辆自行车不是我的，是Tom的。

3. of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book, a map of the world , the story of a hero , the windows of the room , the title of the film

用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students

某些of所有格和‘s所有格可以互换。

the son of a poor peasant＝a poor peasant’s son一个贫农的儿子

但有时含义却不相同，请比较下面的例子：

an old woman's story(一个老妇人讲自己的身世)

the story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世)

4. 双重所有格

双重所有格中带’s所有格的名词，必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词，同时of前面的

名词必须是不确指，其前可以有不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some, any, many, no, few等)以及which等限定词。例如：

I like reading some books of his.我喜欢读他的一些书。

Which book of Qiong Yao’s do you like best?你最喜欢琼瑶的哪一本书？

5. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别

请仔细比较下面三句话：

1.She is Mary's brother's friend.

2.She is a friend of Mary's brother.

3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's. =one of Mary’s brother’s friends

1句用的是's所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，突出friend一词。

2句用的是of所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了Mary's brother。

3句用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。

6、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：

1、主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是是单数或者不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数。如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)。The students are working hard.

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三

班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of, some既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。单复数看后边名词。如：Some students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数, 但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物或者表示一个人或事物的两个身份时,谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking

apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一

种出名的食品)。The teacher and writer is coming.（这教师兼作家马上要来了。）

8、there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：A woman with

a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor

I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间，距离，金钱等度量衡时，谓语一般用单数。如：Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千

千米是相当长的一段距离)。Two thousand dollars isn’t a large amount of money. (两千美元不是一笔大数目)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

有的单词有两种含义，既可数，也不可数，根据意思鉴别：What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少？)(人口，强调数量，单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(人口，强调人，复数)

7. 名词的功能

名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。

The bag is in the desk.作主语。书包在桌子里边。

I washed my clothes yesterday.作宾语。昨天我洗了我的衣服。

This is a good book. 作表语。这是一本好书。

We elected him our monitor.作宾语补助语。我们选他为我们的班长。

Mary lives with her parents.作介词宾语. 玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。

He is a Party member.作定语. 他是一名党员。

They study hard day and night.作（时间）状语。他们白天黑夜地学习。

名词专项练习

1

( ) 1 She was very happy. She ____ in the maths test.

A. makes a few mistake

B. made a few mistakes

C. made few mistakes

D. makes few mistake

( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?

A. potato

B. potatos

C. potatoes

D. potatoe

( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things.

A. Knife/used

B. Knives/used

C. Knife/using

D. Knives/using

( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!

A. tooth

B. teeth

C. tooths . toothes