科技论文的阅读方法

reading a scientific paper

科技论文的阅读方法

虽然这是很有诱惑力的直读通过，你会做最文本文件，它是更有效的组织方式读取。Generally, you first read the Abstract in order to understand the major points of the work.一般来说，您先阅读摘要，以了解工作的重点。 The extent of background assumed by different authors, and allowed by the journal, also varies as just discussed.对承担不同的作者，并允许该杂志的背景程度上也各不相同刚才讨论。

One extremely useful habit in reading a paper is to read the Title and the Abstract and, before going on, review in your mind what you know about the topic.一个非常有用的阅读习惯是阅读文件的标题和摘要，并在去之前，在你的头脑回顾一下你知道的话题。 This serves several purposes.这可以有以下几个目的。 First, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper.首先，它澄清了，其实你知道足够的背景欣赏纸张。 If not, you might choose to read the background in a review or textbook, as appropriate.如果没有，你可以选择读审查或教科书的背景下，适当。

Second, it refreshes your memory about the topic.第二，刷新你的记忆的话题。Third, and perhaps most importantly, it helps you as the reader integrate the new information into your previous knowledge about the topic.第三，也许是最重要的是，它可以帮助你的读者融入你的话题以前的知识，新信息。 That is, it is used as a part of the self-education process that any professional must continue throughout his/her career.也就是说，它是用来作为自我教育的过程，任何专业必须继续在他/她的职业生涯的一部分。

If you are very familiar with the field, the Introduction can be skimmed or even skipped.如果你非常熟悉的领域，引进可脱脂，甚至跳过。 As stated above, the logical flow of most papers goes straight from the Introduction to Results; accordingly, the paper should be read in that way as well, skipping Materials and Methods and referring back to this section as needed to clarify what was actually done.如上所述，大多数论文的逻辑流去，直接从文件中的导言;因此，该文件应该阅读的方式很好，跳绳材料和方法，并指回本节需要澄清究竟做了什么。 A reader familiar with the field who is interested in a particular point given in the Abstract often skips directly to the relevant section of the Results, and from there to the Discussion for interpretation of the findings.一位读者的是谁在给定一个特定的点摘要感兴趣领域的熟悉往往直接跳转到结果的有关条文，并从那里对调查结果的解释讨论。 This is only easy to do if the paper is organized properly.这不仅容易做，如果纸张组织得当。

代码字 (codewords)

Many papers contain shorthand phrases that we might term 'codewords', since they have connotations that are generally not explicit.许多文件包含词组的缩写，我们可能长期“码字”，因为他们有内涵的，一般不明确。 In many papers, not all the experimental data are shown, but referred to by "(data not shown)".在许多论文，并非所有的实验数据显示，但提到“（数据未显示）”来。 This is often for reasons of space; the practice is accepted when the authors have documented their competence to do the experiments properly (usually in previous papers).这通常是由于篇幅原因，这种做法是接受当作者已经证明自己的能力做了实验正常（通常是在以前的文件）。 Two other codewords are "unpublished data" and "preliminary data".另外两个码字是“未发表的数据”和“初步数据”。The former can either mean that the data are not of publishable quality or that the work is part of a larger story that will one day be published.前者可以表示数据是可输出质量不或工作是一个更大的故事，总有一天会出版的一部分。 The latter means different things to different people, but one connotation is that the experiment was done only once.后者意味着不同的事情不同的人，而是一个内涵是，实验只进行一次。

Difficulties in reading a paper困难在阅读一份文件

Several difficulties confront the reader, particularly one who is not familiar with the field.面对一些困难的读者，尤其是一个谁是不熟悉的领域。 As discussed above, it may be necessary to bring yourself up to speed before beginning a paper, no matter how well written it is.如上所述，它可能需要把自己提高速度开始之前的文件，以及如何编写它没有问题的。 Be aware, however, that although some problems may lie in the reader, many are the fault of the writer.请注意，但是，虽然有些问题可能在于读者，很多都是错的作家。

One major problem is that many papers are poorly written.一个主要的问题是，许多论文都写得不好。 Some scientists are poor writers.一些科学家穷作家。Many others do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure that the prose is clear and logical.许多人不喜欢写作，不花时间和精力来确保散文是明确的，符合逻辑的。 Also, the author is typically so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and see it from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic and for whom the paper is just another of a large stack of papers that need to be read.此外，笔者通常是如此熟悉的材料，这是难以退后一步，看看从一个读者不符合主题，对他们来说，纸是另一种需要大量的论文堆栈熟悉的观点来看，被读取。

Bad writing has several consequences for the reader.坏写作的读者几个后果。First, the logical connections are often left out.首先，逻辑连接往往忽略