(完整word版)人教版高中英语必修三unit4知识点汇总及练习

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 单元要点预览

语言要点Ⅰ.词语辨析

Ⅱ.词性变化

Ⅲ.重点词汇

1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的[典例]

1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。

2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害。

[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

1). The ______ ______ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China.

2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (铁路系统).

2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)

[典例]

1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。

2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我们该责备谁?

[重点用法] lay短语：

lay eggs 下蛋lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）

lay sth. down 把某物放下lay the blame on sb.责备某人

lay the table 摆桌子lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.

2). He is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常强调) individual responsibility.

3). He ______ some money ______ for rainy days.

3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人）

[典例]

Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.

很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。

[重点用法]

be harmful to sb./sth. 对……有害

do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对……有害；伤害……

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health.

2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to their growth.

3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。

_____________________________________________________________________

4. exist vi. 存在；生存existence n. 存在

[典例]

1). Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗?

2). I can hardly exist on the wage I’ m getting. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。[重点用法]

exist + prep. 存在于地方exist on sth. 靠某物生存

[练习] 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。

1). This plant ______ only ______ Australia.

2). Can you ______ ______ such a low salary?

3). I doubt the ______ (exist) of alien.

5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题

puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzling adj.令人费解的

[典例]

1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。

2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.

他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。

[重点用法]

sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难

sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对……感到迷惑

puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）

puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁

solve a puzzle 解决一个难题

[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。

1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.

2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long.

3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.

4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began.

5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.

6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without

telling anyone.

6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引)力

[典例]

1). You push and I’ ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。

2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.

我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。

[重点用法]

pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先（於某人/物）

pull (sb) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）