名词性从句教案-2021年高考英语语法一轮复习精讲精练

名词性从句教案

一、名词性从句的分类和特点

1. 名词性从句有4种：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

①在主句中做主语的从句叫做主语从句

例：Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

②在主句中做表语的从句叫做表语从句

例：Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.

③在主句中做宾语的从句叫宾语从句

例: Do you remember how he came?

④与主句中的名词处于同位关系的从句叫同位语从句

例：I have no idea that you were here.

2. 引导名词性从句的词，称之为连接词

连接词

{连接代词

{

what(ever) (无论)什么主宾表定

which(ever) (无论)哪个主宾表定

who(ever) (无论)谁主语

whom(ever) (无论)谁宾语

whose(ever) (无论)谁的定语

连词{

that 无意义不做成分

whether/if “是否“ 不做成分

连接副词

{when 何时，什么时候状语，

where 在哪里状语，表语

why 为什么状语

how 如何，怎样状语，表语

注：because, as if/though也可引导表语从句

3.连词that引导名词性从句，本身无词义。that引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句时不可省略，引导宾语从句时可省略。

例：It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

He thought (that) I was talking about his son.

4.连词whether和if有词义“是否”，在句中不作任何成分，不能省略。

例：The carmakers haven’t decided if/whether they will put it into production.

5.常用whether不用if的六种情况

①引导主语从句且位于句首时

例：Whether 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

②引导表语从句

例：The problem is whether we need it.

③作介词宾语

例：He was worried about whether he passed the English examination.

④用于不定式之前时

例：I don’t know whether to go.

⑤引导同位语从句时

例：The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled.

⑥whether or not结构

例：It doesn’t matter whether or not she will come.

注：I don’t care if or not she will come.（×）

I don’t care whether /if t she will come or not. (√)

6.复合连接代词whoever, whatever和whichever等引导的名词性从句相当于“先行词+关系代词”结构。

Whoever =anyone who whomever=anyone whom whosever=anyone whose

whatever=anything that whichever=anyone who或anything that

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.

7.选that还是选what要根据其在从句中是否担任成分而定。that在从句中不做成分，what在从句中可以做主语，宾语或表语。

例：That he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. （从句完整）

What I need is more time. （从句缺宾语，指物）

8.由连接副词引导的名词性从句

例：How this happened is not clear to anyone.

Could you tell me where the booking office is?

二、主语从句

1. 主语从句后置而其前使用形式主语it的4个常见句型。

主语从句在句中作主语，它的位置一般在句首；但主语从句较长时，为了使句子前后平衡，常把主语从句移至句子后部，而用it作形式主语。

①it+be+adj+that从句

可用于此句型的形容词有: wonderful, true，good，right，wrong，（un）important，useless，surprising，clear，unusual，lucky，certain, necessary等。

例：It is obvious that he doesn’t know how to tell lies.

It is surprising that he came late to school this morning

②It+be+名词短语+that从句

适用该句型的名词短语有: a pity，an honor，a good thing，a fact，a surprise，good news, one’s duty等。

例：It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week.

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

③It + be +过去分词+ that-从句

适用该句型的过去分词主要有: said, reported, announced, hoped, thought，told，believed，expected，decided，known等。

例：It is well known that the earth goes around the sun.

④It ＋seem／ appear／ happen的适当形式＋that从句。该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。

例：It appeared that he was calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear。

=He appeared to be calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear。

2. 主语从句在疑问句或感叹句中，多用it作形式主语。

例：Has it been made public when they will come?

三、表语从句

1. 表语从句还可用“because，as if/though”引导。其中，as if/though引导的表语从句可用于虚拟语气。

例：He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework。

比较：It looks as if/though it is going to rain. （非虚拟语气，表示下雨的可能性较大）

It looks as if/though it was/were going to rain. （虚拟语气，表示下雨的可能性非常小）

2. reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不用because。

例：The reason that she gave for not being present was that the heavy snow prevented her coming.