高考英语写作: 书信写作
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层级四审题谋篇——学会运用各种文体
审题谋篇是写好文章的关键。审题要做到“三定一列”,即:定体裁、定时态、定人称和列要点。谋篇布局的好坏一般有三个标准,即思想内容、层次安排和文字运用。一般认为:好的思想内容是指令人感到真实可信、生动有趣、有深度的内容;好的层次安排指的是写作内容统一,组织合乎逻辑,语意前后连贯,句与句相互衔接;好的文字运用则指所用语言正确、文字优美。谋篇布局一般有以下几个步骤:
1.动笔之前,用较短的时间确定主题,理清思路,梳理要点。
2.筛选段落可能用到的重要素材,区分主次,详略得当。
3.合理安排文章的结构。一篇文章通常可分为三部分,即开头、正文和结尾。文章的开头和结尾都可以不同程度地表述主题,即称之为主题的文体表达,也是获得高分的重要保障。因此,写好文章的开头和结尾非常重要,也是谋篇布局应重点关注的。
4.正文是文章的核心段落,在写作时应遵循一定的顺序进行表达,才能让读者快速领会文章的表达内容,而不应是几个要点的简单堆砌。合理地组织段落会使文章大放异彩。
第一讲书信写作
❶普通书信/电子邮件
►题型特点
英文e-mail和普通书信的写法和格式大体相同,其开头和结尾常常都会给出,正文可根据作文要求分段把内容表达清楚即可。
►篇章结构
►经典考题
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括:
1.到达时间;2.合适的礼物;3.餐桌礼仪。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
[审题谋篇]
(1)体裁:书信体邮件;(2)时态:一般现在时;(3)人称:第二人称;(4)要点:到达时间;合适的礼物;餐桌礼仪。
[参考范文]
Dear Terry,
How are you doing? In your last letter,you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home.Now,I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
To begin with,according to our tradition,you are supposed to arrive early,so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is not only meaningful but also interesting. Besides, you’d better bring some gifts,such as a book or a Chinese knot.What’s more,when enjoying the meal,you need to avoid making noises while chewing food.
Hopefully,these suggestions would be of great help to you.I have the confidence that you will have a great time.I am looking forward to your good news.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua ►万能句型
1.开头部分常用语
(1)I am very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.
我非常高兴收到你两周前寄给我的信。
(2)I’m very glad/pleased to tell you that...
我很高兴告诉你……
(3)How are you getting along with...?
你近来……进展怎样?
2.话题引入常用语
(1)I’m very glad to tell you something about...
我很高兴告诉你一些关于……的事情。
(2)As far as I know/am concerned/can see...
据我所知……
3.结尾部分常用语
(1)Please write to me soon and tell me about your...
请尽快写信给我,告诉我关于你的……
(2)I’m looking forward to your reply.
我盼望着你的回复。
(3)If so,please e-mail me in response...
如果这样,请给我回复邮件……
►即时训练
假设你是李华,你的美国朋友Peter正在一家孔子学院学习汉语和中国文化,得知中国人很重视家风传承。他在给你的电子邮件中提到很想了解你的家风以及家风对你的影响。请你给他回复一封电子邮件。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:家风family spirits
[参考范文]
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to know you are learning Chinese language and culture.In your last letter,you said you wanted to know something about my family spirits.Here I’m writing to share something about my family with you.
There are many good qualities that have been passed from generation to generation in my family.My parents always lay emphasis on the importance of honesty,bravery and diligence and they set good examples for me and my brother.
My family spirits have a lasting influence on me.Brought up in a friendly