状语从句(高中语法)

状语从句

一、状语从句概述

状语从句是在句中起副词作用的主谓结构。用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。

引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词。状语从句用陈述语序，一般位于复合句的句首或句末。当从句在句首时，常用逗号和主句隔开。状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、行为方式等，共九种。

(一)when, whenever, while和as引导的时间状语从句

when表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生，或先于主句的动作。When可指一段时间，

也可指一点时间，既可以表示一时性的动作，又可表示持续的动作。Whenever指的

是任何一个不具体的时间。while常用来引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作

或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂的动作。as表示的动作与主句同时发生，具有延续

的含义，一般同延续性动词连用。while和as可译为“一边……一边”。

Whenever my mother or I need a permanent or trim we visited her dear Amalia Toland.

As the day progressed, I considered ways to get out of whatever was going down at the Cullen House tonight.

Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.

When I meet the right man, I will get married.

As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.

He entered the room when/ while/ as the meeting was going on.

When/As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.

Tom watched TV as he had supper.

注意：When和while可用作并列连词，when含义为“突然、这时”；while含义为“而，但是”。例如：

He had been walking under the trees when an apple fell down.

Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.

(二)no sooner …than和hardly（barely/scarcely)…when (before)句型

这几个连词词组都是表示主句和从句动作相继发生，含义为“一…就，刚刚…就”，主句动词用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。如果no sooner, barely, hardly，scarcely位于句首，主句需要用倒装结构，即把had放在主句前。

例如：No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted.

Hardly/scarecely had he opened the door when/before a gust of wind blew the candle out.

He had barely/ hardly/ scarecely died before/when the family arguments began. He had no sooner died than the family arguments before.

注意：有的词书给出了这样的结构，barely/hardly/scarcely/no sooner …than一…就

We hardly arrived than it began to rain.

Hardly were the words uttered(说出)than he began to regret them.

(三)immediately等看似副词实为连词的时间状语从句

immediately, directly, instantly, once等可用作连词引出时间状语从句，其语义和用法与as soon as基本相同。

例如：I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.

Instantly the button is pressed, the mine explodes.

The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.

I’ll let you know as soon as/ once it is arranged.

注意1）immediately, directly, instantly, once等可用作副词。比较：

She went to see him directly she got the letter.

She went to see him directly after she got the letter.

注意2）once引导的从句可以表示时间和条件

Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.

=As soon as you understand this rule, you will have no further diffculty.(时间) =If you understand this rule, you will have no futher difficulty.(条件)

（四）the moment (that)等表示时间的名词词组引出的时间状语从句

the moment, the minute, the instant, the second等语义为“一…就”，以及every/each time, any time, the next time, the first time, the last time, the day, the month, the week, the year, the morning, the afternoon等不同的语义，用作连词，引出时间状语从句。

例如：The owl stuck out its leg, to which a small roll of parchment was tied, shook its feathers, and took off the moment Harry had taken the letter.

Every time Harry heard her approaching he tired to question her about the Howler, but he might as well have interrogated the doorknob for all the answers he got.

Stormy applause broke forth the moment the singer appeard on the stage. You can call me any time you want to.

The instant the result came out, she told us.

I’m going to see him (the) next time he comes to Shanghai.

(五）till与until

这两个词的意思完全一样，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句用延续性动词表示“直到…为止”；在否定句中，主句与非延续性动词连用时表示“直到才”，这时，相当与before。

例如：Doar insisted that no one draw conclusions until all the facts were evaluated. She stood there till/until he had passed out of sight.

Until you told me I had no idea of what she said.

He didn’t enter the room until/before I returned.

注意1）not until位于句首时，需用倒装结构。例如：

I didn’t know it until he told me.

Not until he told me did I know it.

注意2）It is not until… that …结构表示强调。例如：

They didn’t make up their minds until they had a discussion.

It wasn’t until they had a discussion that they made up their minds.

注意3）有时候，until从句的位置不同会引起句意的变化，其它词也有这样情况。比较： I didn’t see the temple until I got to the top of the hill.

Until I got to the top of the hill, I didn’t see the temple.

He doesn’t enjoy classical music like other students.

(=He doesn’t enjoy classical music, but other students do.)

Like other students, he doesn’t enjoy classical music.

(=Neither the students nor he enjoys classical music.)

(六)since自从…以来

since引导的从句一般要用非延续性动词，主句用完成时态。当主句表示“已经有多少时间“时，谓语动词可用一般现在时、现在完成时，有时用将来时。

例如：Dumbledore’s really busy now, we’ve only seen him twice since we came here. Since he graduated from the college, he has worked in this city.