武汉理工大学研究生英语Units 1-8课后习题答案及课文翻译
武汉大学研究生英语教材全文翻译of_unit_1_3_4_5_7
Final V ersion of T ranslationUnit two1．为什么我们与来自其它文化的人们的交流总是充满了误会、让人感到沮丧呢？令很多人奇怪的是，即使怀着良好的愿望、使用自己认为是友好的方式，甚至有互利的可能性，也似乎都不足以保证交流的成功。
有时候，出现排斥现象正是因为一方所属的文化群体团体是“不同”的。
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2．相似性的假设为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
相信“人就是人”和“我们内在本质是相似的，”这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望。
3．力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
带来这种情绪感受的情形也因文化而异，例如：由于崇拜的文化信仰不同，一个心爱的人死亡可能带来欢乐、悲哀或其他情感。
4．因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
如果我们认识到我们受文化的约束，受文化的改变，那么我们就会受这一现实：因为各自不同，我们确实不太清楚其他人“是”什么样的。
武汉理工大学研究生英语下课后选择(附答案)
Unit 111. Many traditional Chinese believe that high forehead is of great mental power.A. objectiveB. indicativeC. directiveD. decisive2. Our country is in great danger; we must the whole nation to prepare themselves to fight.A. mechanizeB. paralyzeC. monopolizeD. mobilize3. the bad weather has delayed the flight, so it would be several hours before they could arrive.A. PresumablyB. RespectivelyC. ImaginablyD. Plausibly4. A speech could inspire the audience and achieve the goal the speaker desired.A. productiveB. provocativeC. instructiveD. ingenious5. he is a very serious and strict scholar, but actually he is not that kind of person at all.A. VirtuallyB. SeeminglyC. DecisivelyD. Likely6. It’s difficult to someone politely, but we should try to learn to do so.A. remarkB. flatterC. conflictD. contradict7. A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and what he thinks is boring or irrelevant.A. scanB. skipC. scrutinizeD. dashA. accumulated C. attended D. participated9. An experienced politician who knew better than to launch a campaign in troubled political waters, she intended to wait for a more occasion before she announced her plans.A. propitiousB. provocativeC. questionableD. theoretical10. No matter how the revelations of the coming years may be, they will be hard put to match those of the past decade, which have transformed our view of the emergence of Mayan civilization.A. minor…dramaticallyB. profound…negligiblyC. striking…radicallyD. bizarre…nominallyUnit 121. He is innocent of the crime and we will him anyway.A. stand up toB. stand up forC. stand in forD. stand out for2. A good education is an you can fall back on for the rest of your life.A. indoctrinationB. inventoryC. obligationD. asset3. This poem a vision of a future world where human being and animals live in peace and harmony.A. conjures upB. impartsC. nurturesD. disdains4. Two rakish-but-sweet men in pursuit of her feel .A. repellentB. palatableC. insidiousD. ambivalent5. Building a new socialist countryside has become a thing for China in the new era.A. prophylacticB. paramountC. permanentD. persistent6. Don’t worry about the stain, it will if you use this brand of washing powder.A. brush offB. flush offC. break upD. lay off7. He is not trustworthy. His behavior is no for his words.A. contradictionB. compromiseC. matchD. paradoxsince we last met. You were a clerk then, and now you own your own factory.B. come roundC. come throughD. come over9. He is a basketball player, and leads all rookies in points, assists, steals and minutes in the playoffs.A. talentB. agileC. versatileD. budding10. He is a versatile actor, one who is able to himself in all roles and is able to bring the audience into a world of fantasy, filled with dreams, laughter and sadness.A. immerseB. soakC. plungeD. empowerUnit 131. Statistics indicate that, children in the United States are exposed to many influences those of their families.A. other thanB. rather thanC. better thanD. more than2. Air and the sun’s rays create much distortion, and whateve r tends to influence is useful to the astronomer.A. excludeB. eliminateC. extinguishD. impose3. The young painter had the example of Picasso to and guide him.A. respireB. inspireC. expireD. induce4. Economic development has grave on unemployment.A. relationB. connectionC. implicationsD. associate5. Casey founded a company to the mineral resource in the area.A. cultivateB. employC. capitalizeD. exploit6. The manager said that they had an plan if what they had submitted was not accepted.A. alternateB. alternativeC. absoluteD. appreciable7. As is generally believed, young people nowadays ideals that are far superior to their parents.A. summonB. overtakeC. cherishD. overhaul8. I can’t what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.A. figure outB. draw outC. look outD. work out9. There are some disadvantages in living in the country, but, we like it.A. by any chanceB. by choiceC. by designD. by and large10. John wanted to make his kite go higher, but his father told him to because it was too windy.A. leave the fieldB. leave it in the coldC. leave well enough aloneD. leave overUnit 141. The prince hoped to the crown with the help of a foreign army.A. claimB. proclaimC. exclaimD. assert2. Your excuses for not studying during the holidays may be many and but I still have to keep you busy.A. variationB. varietyC. variantD. variousthe passengers that there was no danger.A. insured C. ensured D. secured4. The wild life in Africa is extremely and therefore two wildlife research institutes have been established there.A. colorfulB. complicatedC. diverseD. abundant, but his words seemed to make no sense.A. distinguished C. distinctive D. distinguishable6. Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations intoones.A. tragicB. versatileC. turbulentD. suspicious7. He couldn’tA. retain C. restrict D. represent8. Not having a good command of English can be a serious preventing you from achieving your goals.A. barrierB. faultC. offenseD. distress9. No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it has beenA. referredB. associatedC. identified10. These classroom activities are intended toA. fosterB. evolve D. inspireUnit 15it , but I think she has won a lottery of 500,000 Yuan.B. spread…outC. lay…outD. disseminate…out2. He the man to disobey orders from the central government.A. inspiredB. instigatedC. instilledD. instructed3. The new car has many added such as a radio, a video, a phone and so on.A. referentsB. refinersC. refinementD. refillments4. Statistics show one of the principal problems which exists in food processing is the worry about its .A. hygienicB. hymnalC. cleannessD. hygiene5. The of the colored lights along the Yangtze River banks forms splendid scenery of Wuhan city.A. interplayB. interpalyingC. interactD. interacting6. More rioting in France among college students has the government’s lack of control.A. underlinedB. shownC. underscoredD. emphasize7. Instead of making people more equal, the British education system the differences between rich and poor.A. points upB. accentuatesC. stressD. shows8. You me! I didn’t hear you come in.A. startlingB. surprisedC. startledD. starved9. The company launched a publicity campaign toA. accelerateB. urge D. put up10. In view to the present situation, the of the opinions among senators is certainlyimpossible to reach a consensus.A. divergenceB. differenceC. distractionD. diversification。
武汉理工研究生英语课文翻译（五篇模版）
武汉理工研究生英语课文翻译（五篇模版）第一篇：武汉理工研究生英语课文翻译1.Science and science education teaching practices have come under closer scrutiny in the United States.美国对其科学及科学教育教学实践进行了更为周密的调查研究。
2.The educational system in the United States stands apart from the rest of the world.美国的教育体系与世界其他国家的相比可谓独树一帜。
3.Universities must teach in a student-sensitive manner and offer, shopping-mall style，/a great variety of courses that will attract as many students as possible.大学的教学必须要顾及学生的需求，要以购物中心的方式提供多门课程去吸引尽可能多的学生。
4.The difference is small enough to be more than offset by the fact that…在生产率上和欧洲的差距小得足以被抵消掉。
5.A high level of scientific understanding among the general population is connected to expectations of high productivity in the work place.人们期望大众对科学的深刻理解可以带来工作场所的高生产率。
1.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in the public service messages are more than memorable--they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2.大学教育的最终结果应该由学生在课堂的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，是否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。
研究生基础综合英语unit1-8课后习题汉翻英
翻译Unit 1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。
老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。
老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。
李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。
Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonishedhim that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showedher trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, evenafter graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did notlose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake.Unit2我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。
武汉理工大学研究生英语课后习题答案
单选Unit11. I had a teacher once who called his students " idiots"' when they screwed up.A. mess upB. clean up c. put up D. stay up2. He corrected our wayward hands and arms by poking at us with a pencil.A. stirB. stabC. pickD. point3. I was among them, toting my long-neglected viola.A. holdB. carryC. dragD. tackle4. Now I'm no calling for abuse; I'd be the first to complain if a teacher called my kids names.A. insult kidsB. check kids' namesC. praise kidsD. scolding kids5. Grit is a better predictor of success than SAT scores.A. factorB. indicatorC. elementD. component6 And the following eight principles-a manifesto if you will, a battle cry inspired by my old teacher and buttressed by new research-explain why.A. declarationB. displayC. interplayD. presentation7. In a 2012 study, 111 French sixth-grades were given anagram problems that were toodifficult for them to solve.A. word playB. homonymyC. polysemyD. synonym8. The fear, of course is that failure will traumatize our kids, sapping them of self-esteem.A. upsetB. shockC. distressD. hurt9. The researchers had assumed that the most effective teachers would lead students to knowledge through collaborative learning and discussion.A. captiveB. motiveC. communicativeD. cooperative10. Instead, they found disciplinarians who relied on traditional methods of explicit instruction, like lectures.A. sectarianB. humanitarianC. authoritarianD. librarianUnit21 The president is attempting to dispel the notion that he has neglected the economy.A. illustrateB. eliminateC. disposeD. display2 The task won't feel so overwhelming if you break it down into small, easy-to-accomplish steps.A. strongB. intenseC. powerfulD. tough3 Extrinsic motivation is a motivation that comes from outside, like when you're paid to achieve something specific.A. exteriorB. extraC. extraordinaryD. extroverted4 In 1950, the infamous husband and wife were accused by the FBI of passing nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union.A. inferiorB. notoriousC. deceitfulD. criminal5 Our football fan club began to recruit new members last week.A. trainB. uniteC. selectD. change6 In language learning it is attitude, not aptitude, that determines success.A. adaptabilityB. skillC. mannerD. talent7 The American language owes much to its writers for its enrichment.A. abundanceB. enhancementC. entertainmentD. enforcement8 In recent years the Austrian economy has outperformed most other industrial economies.A. outputB. outdoneC. outflowedD. outraged9 He could never replicate his brilliant performance of the magic trick.A. representB. reportC. repelD. repeat10 Rituals, celebrations, and festivals form an integral part of every human society.A. interiorB. internalC. entireD. externalUnit31 Chinese government has taken measures to clean up any signs of “Chinglish,” the trend of English fused with Chinese.A. mixedB. mergedC. combinedD. infringed2 Indo-European groups encompass half of the world's dialects, including Hindi, Persian, Norwegian, and English.A. compassB. encloseC. compriseD. embrace3 The globalization of conquest, trade, religion created an overlapping of languages, but it also fortified linguistic divisions in the world.A. strengthenedB. forceC. enhanceD. improved4 Interestingly English (considered a Germanic language), is a fusion of this segregation, a product of both Germanic and romance origins.A. isolationB. segmentationC. insulationD. separation5 English is often used in foreign countries due to mounting tension within countries to choose one local language over another.A. buildingB. maintainingC. increasingD. climbing6 English is thus seen as an ethnically neutral choice to avoid the conquest of one Indian culture over another.A. epicallyB. morallyC. raciallyD. empirically7 English thus helps to muffle fears of cultural and political hegemony in both Indian and IraqA. depressB. concealC. repressD. marvel8 The standardization of a few languages is responsible for wiping out smaller, indigenous languages.A. clearing upB. clearing outC. putting outD. putting off9 Many of the indigenous people have different ties and perspective on nature that science has not tapped into thus far.A. digged intoB. marched onC. touched uponD. trapped in10 The transformations could potentially lead to new languages in the future, leading to trend counter to the one seen with native languages.A. close toB. oppose toC. contrary toD. compared toUnit 41 Steve Jobs had been in conflict with some other members of his crew.A. different fromB. in opposition toC. indifferent toD. unfriendly to2 An entrepreneur is more than just a risk taker. He is visionary.A. visual artistB. hard workerC. fortune-tellerD. foreseer3 The Prime Minister's fragile government was on the brink of collapse.A. blinkB. edgeC. basisD. process4 She loved to ride; on horseback, she was reckless and utterly without fear.A. flawlessB. tirelessC. boldD. restless5 Writers of history books often attempt to integrate the past with the present.A. put togeth erB. put up withC. put asideD. put on6 A language teacher should initiate students into the elements of grammar.A. startB. leadC. ensureD. install7 Signature must be consistent with that in you policy record.A. be clear aboutB. be nice toC. be concerned aboutD. be the same as8 Cultivating and training college students setback-resistance should be an important part in quality education.A. feedbackB. flashbackC. discouragementD. retreat9 If you can't dazzle people with brilliance, dazzle them with your smile.A. impressB. terrifyC. helpD. get along with10 As far as quality is concerned, we must not make do with what we have, but must constantly strive for excellence.A. look forB. serve forC. try hard fo rD. praiseUnit51 However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment.A. concernB. determinationC. extensionD. extent2 Throughout the wilderness, post bands provided entertainment and boosted morale.A. influencedB. establishedC. raisedD. maintained3 Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would ensure wide spread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.A. expansionB. extensionC. opportunity to useD. excitement4 Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century.A. long warsB. rapid increasesC. new lawsD. exciting changes5 One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life.A. changeB. deathC. transformationD. recovery6 I admire your foresight and sagacity.A. integrityB. quick-witC. insightD. acquaintance7 Regularity ought to be observed, as regularity is very conducive to health.A. beneficialB. constructiveC. exclusiveD. classical8 It was courageous enough for Galileo to defy the falling object theory developed by Aristotle, the authoritative Greek scientist.A. advanceB. refuteC. justifyD. translate9 Free medical service is available to near all the college students in China.A. obtainableB. appealingC. convenientD. average10 No one can supersede the position of Irish poet William Butler Yeats in the circle of Englishpoem in the 20th century.A. changeB. surpassC. ImproveD. replaceUnit61 Now where, once the great pile had been gathered and assembled, to put it all?A. constructedB. collectedC. fabricatedD. accumulated2 The Sunnyside back garden, it turned out, was large enough to accommodate one of the large models.A. adaptB. provide forC. assistD. supply3 They had succumbed to an understandable temptation to send in slips for interesting words, but not for the prosaic ones.A. ordinaryB. poeticC. prosaismD. unusual4 Take special note of passages which show or imply that a word is either new and tentative.A. temporaryB. cautiousC. preliminaryD. tempting5 One has to assume, if unkindly, that those living under the heel of firmly prescriptive linguistic authorities were a little unsure how prudent it might be to read for a book that would be so wildly different in its constitution form those they were used to.A. prudishB. hare-heartedC. carefulD. crude6 Murray and his tiny band of workers were kept furiously busy sifting, sorting, and deciding, day after day after day.A. scrutinizingB. sievingC. separatingD. choosing7 And all the words used in the definition must appear elsewhere in the dictionary, so that any reader’s puzzlement can be rectified by his simply looking those up as well.A. rectitudeB. testifiedC. verifiedD. corrected8 In his definition of the word elephant, for example, he writes of the animal’s pudicity.A. bashfulnessB. purityC. obesityD. good nature9 Queries of all kinds are asked and answered in an instant.A. inquiriesB. questsC. questionsD. surveys10 “The circle of the English language has a well-defined centre ,” James Murray wrote in his famous Introduction, “but no discernible circumference.”A. discerningB. perceptiveC. noticeableD. discriminativeUnit71 The labor union and the company’s management, despite their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly every issue, have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly ( ), albeit still tentative, agreement on next year’s contact.A. conclusiveB. onerousC. hesitantD. swift2 Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that ( ) sensations actually present may have a weaker influence on our action than do ideas of ( ) facts.A. familiar symbolicB. material remoteC. emotional impersonalD. definitive controversial3 In response to the follies of today’s parliaments, the councilor dose not ( ) inflamed indignation, but rather ( ) the detachment and smooth aphoristic prose of an eighteenth-century wit.A. resort to, spurnsB. rely on, avoidsC. suppress, clingsD. express, affects4 As is often the case with collection of lectures by ( ) authors, the book as a whole is ( ) , although the individual contributions are outstanding in themselves.A. different, disconnectedB. incompetent, abysmalC. famous, systematicD. mediocre, unexciting5 The essence of belief is the establishment of ( ) ; different beliefs are distinguishable by the different modes of action to which they give rise.A. allegiancesB. practiceC. trustD. commitments6 The results of the experiments performed by English Hazen and Rachel Brown were ( ) not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the ( ) methodology into question.A. specious, originalB. predictable, contemporaryC. provocative, prevailing C. inconclusive, traditional7 As early as the seventeenth century, philosophers called attention to the ( ) character of the issue, and their twentieth-century counterparts still approach it with ( )A. problematical, antipathyB. unusual, composureC. complex, antipathyD. auspicious, caution8 The ( ) with which the French aristocracy greeted the middle-class Rousseau was all the more ( ) because he showed so little respect for them.A. appreciation, deservedB. suspicion, uncannyC. reserve, unexpectedD. deference, remarkable9 Congress is having great difficultly developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objectives of various members of Congress rest on such ( ) assumptions.A. fundamentalB. trivialC. divergentD. commonplace10 Hydrogen is the ( ) element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are producedA. expendableB. fundamentalC. lightestD. steadies翻译Unit1:SchoolingPassage One1.Marva was a striking woman with high cheekbones and strong angular features.在人群中，马文老师总是会显得很醒目，她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健。
研究生英语综合教程UNIT1课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版
UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。
武汉理工研究生新编综合英语教程unit1课后习题
Unit 1Passage One一、vocabularydiscernible:可识别的，可辨别的impeccable:无缺点的，无瑕疵的，imprint:痕迹，印象fix the blame on:归因于striking:显著的arrogance:自大，傲慢vow:誓言sloppy:宽松的，随意的glisten:闪光sagacious:睿智的slender:苗条的homonym:同形同音异义1.(striking)这两个释义之间有显著的差别.2.(slender,impeccable)她有优美修长的身材，并且她对衣服有无可挑剔的鉴赏能力3.(discernible)这两者之间的不同之处是可以辨别的4.(sloppy)他穿着便服以致她没认出他来5.(sagacity)睿智不同于聪明，它随着年龄增长6.(arrogance)很容易将自信误解为自大7.(vow)这士兵遵从自己的内心，仍履行着自己誓言8.(homonym)在英语的学习过程中，可能混淆同形异义词，同形同音异义词同音异义词9.(glistening)青草因露珠的附着而耀眼10.(fix the blame on)你们不能归咎于我，我能证明我在其他地方二、翻译1.Marva是一位引人注目的女性，她拥有高高的颧骨和立体的五官。
2.Marva苗条但不瘦削，即使她没有身高优势，也能从人群中立即识别她。
因为她体态优雅，风度翩翩，让她看起来意气风发。
3.在Marva看来，给人独一无二的印象很重要4.她是如此意志坚定，或者仅仅是固执5.兴奋的情绪正在建立，Marva推动了这股势力，就像娱乐家感受到观众的热情。
Passage Two一、V ocabulary1.（A）我曾经有一个老师，当他的学生把事情搞砸时他会骂他们“白痴”。
A. mess up：陷入困境，搞砸B. clean up：清理，大捞一笔C. put up：举起，提供，提名，供给···食宿D. stay up：熬夜，不睡觉2.（B）他用一支铅笔指向我们来调整我们的无规则的手和手臂姿势。
考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit1
考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit1考研英语研究生英语课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 1Text Translation:The origins of the cultural movement known as the Renaissance can be traced back to Italy in the 14th century. This period witnessed a significant revival of interest in the arts, literature, and science, leading to the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts. The Renaissance embraced the idea that humans were capable of achieving great things and emphasized the importance of individualism, humanism, and secularism.One of the most prominent figures of the Renaissance was Leonardo da Vinci, whose talents spanned various fields such as painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering. Da Vinci's famous artwork, the Mona Lisa, is arguably one of the most well-known paintings in the world. His other notable works include The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.Another influential figure during this period was Michelangelo, known for his magnificent sculptures and frescoes. The statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel are among his most renowned creations. Michelangelo's dedication to depicting the human form with such realism and emotion exemplified the ideals of the Renaissance.The Renaissance also brought about significant advancements in literature. Petrarch, often referred to as the "father of humanism," was arenowned Italian poet and scholar. His sonnets and letters inspired a new wave of poetic expression and influenced subsequent generations of writers.In the realm of science, the Renaissance saw a departure from medieval beliefs and a resurgence of interest in empirical observation and experimentation. Figures such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy that challenged prevalent religious and philosophical doctrines.In conclusion, the Renaissance was a transformative period in European history, characterized by a renewed interest in the arts, literature, and science. It emphasized human potential and individual achievements, paving the way for immense cultural and intellectual progress.Answer Key to the Exercises:Exercise 1:1. c) classical Greek and Roman texts2. a) individualism, humanism, and secularism3. d) painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering4. b) The Last Supper5. c) statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel6. b) Petrarch7. d) astronomy8. a) empirical observation and experimentationExercise 2:1. The cultural movement known as the Renaissance had its origins in Italy in the 14th century.2. The Renaissance witnessed a revival of interest in the arts, literature, and science, along with the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman texts.3. Leonardo da Vinci was a prominent figure of the Renaissance, excelling in various fields such as painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering.4. The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous works, along with The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.5. Michelangelo was another influential figure during the Renaissance, famous for his sculptures and frescoes, including the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.6. Petrarch, considered the "father of humanism," was a renowned Italian poet and scholar, whose sonnets and letters inspired a new era of poetic expression.7. The Renaissance marked a departure from medieval beliefs and a renewed focus on empirical observation and experimentation in the field of science.8. Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler were notable scientists of the Renaissance, making significant discoveries in astronomy that challenged prevailing religious and philosophical ideas.Exercise 3:1. The Renaissance originated in Italy during the 14th century, with a revival of interest in arts, literature, and science.2. Leonardo da Vinci's talents extended to various fields, including painting, sculpture, architecture, science, and engineering.3. The Mona Lisa is one of Leonardo da Vinci's most famous paintings, alongside The Last Supper and Vitruvian Man.4. Michelangelo's renowned sculptures and frescoes include the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.5. Petrarch, known as the "father of humanism," had a significant impact on poetry and literature.6. The Renaissance brought about a shift towards empirical observation and experimentation in the field of science.7. Prominent scientists of the Renaissance, such as Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler, made groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy.In summary, the Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century led to a revival of arts, literature, and science. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch played crucial roles in shaping this cultural movement. Additionally, the Renaissance marked a turning point in scientific methods, with scientists like Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler challenging established beliefs through empirical observation and experimentation. The impact of the Renaissance on European history cannot be overstated, as it ushered in an era of significant cultural and intellectual progress.。
武汉大学研究生英语unit1、3、4、5、7原文及译文
Unit One stumbling blocks in interculturalcommunication跨文化交流中的绊脚石1．为什么我们与来自其它文化的人们的交流总是充满了误会、让人感到沮丧呢？令很多人奇怪的是，即使怀着良好的愿望、使用自己认为是友好的方式，甚至有互利的可能性，也似乎都不足以保证交流的成功。
有时候，出现排斥现象正是因为一方所属的文化群体团体是“不同”的。
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2．相似性的假设为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
相信“人就是人”和“我们在本质是相似的，”这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望。
3．力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
带来这种情绪感受的情形也因文化而异，例如：由于崇拜的文化信仰不同，一个心爱的人死亡可能带来欢乐、悲哀或其他情感。
4．因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
如果我们认识到我们受文化的约束，受文化的改变，那么我们就会受这一现实：因为各自不同，我们确实不太清楚其他人“是”什么样的。
武汉理工大学研究生英文下册课后翻译
Unit6 DictionaryPassage One1.My dictionary never became very large and after a while I turned to making a football scrapbook like most other children of my age, but for a few months I put some effort in attempt to outdo the Oxford English.我的词典一直没办法变得很大，所以一段时间后我就跟我的同龄儿童一样转而编写足球剪贴簿。
但有几个月，我努力想超过《牛津英语词典》。
2.When a word occurs in such phrases, they are either indicated in a dictionary entry or they have entries to themselves.当词出现在这样的短语中时，它们要么在词典的条目中标出，要么单独列为词条。
3.I reworded them of course-even at the tender age of 12, I was intuitively aware of the danger of plagiarism-but I saw my role as one of collating the wisdom of previous lexicographers.当然我进行了改写——甚至是在12岁这么一个幼小的年龄，我从直觉上就意识到剽窃的危害。
可是我只是起到了整理以前词典编纂家智慧的作用。
4.Now that all these new descriptive facts, including word frequencies, common patterns of collocation etc., are at our disposal, it is self-evident that they should be recorded in the dictionary to reflect accurately the state of the contemporary language.既然所以这些新的统计数据已经在手，包括词频、常见词语搭配形式等，将他们收录在词典里准确地反映当代语言的状况也是理所当然的。
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案(3)
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案第一课Text A 自由落体[1] 直到动身的那一天，我才感到告别和真正离家对我所产生的影响，这使我比闹钟预定的时间提前一小时醒来。
那时，我那金色的爱犬米西最后一次用力地舔了我一下表示问候。
以前她那么做时，我厌烦得要命，不过那天，我张开双臂把她搂在怀里，深情地慢慢抚摸着她。
此时，她那悲伤的眼神与我四目相对，她那绸缎般的皮毛摸上去比平常更加柔滑。
当然直到告别那天，我才注意到爱犬的这些特点，这令我更加难舍难离。
[2] 一整天都是这样：我突然感到自己将会怀念许多人和事。
我变得多愁善感起来，因为要与那些我早已习以为常的人说再见——那些常我工作的饭馆里的顾客，那些我好像从来都找不到时间和他们说话的人。
我不得不离开我所有的朋友，还有我总想“某天去认识”的同学。
最重要的是，我将被迫与生我养我的人分别。
[3] 突然间，我那些渴望独立和自由的豪言壮语变成了可怕的现实。
我曾经说过我了不起，就要上一所名校，现在我开始感到了这些大话的压力。
没什么了不起。
我曾经是那么急不可待地盼望这一天的到来，而现在，这一天终于到来了，我却感到自己好像并不想走了，我想那可能是因为我要到一所离家有6小时车程的大学去上学的缘故。
[4] 事实上，在我决定要离家的时候，我所有的个人问题仿佛都烟消云散了，我才不在乎呢，反正我要走了。
我要向每个人表明我想走————而且，上帝作证，我整装待发。
然而，这一天到来了，我不知道自己是否真正做好了出发的准备。
[5] 老爸和继母要送我去学校，不过，我要首先和妈妈告别。
谁都知道离婚不是件容易的事。
那天早上我和妈妈一起吃了饭，她当时立刻就谈起我过去的一些经历来，还谈到了她第一年离家上大学的一些事情，比如零乱的宿舍、腼腆的室友、一些艺术史课。
她说得那么详细，那么热情，以至于我清楚地感到大学生活会给人留下多么深刻的印象。
后来，我们又谈到了我到学校后可能会发生的事情————与我同住一层的家伙会是什么样，我多么希望教室不会在校园的另一侧，我是否会因为吃食堂的饭而发胖。
武汉理工大学研究生英语Units-1-8课后习题答案及课文翻译
Unit1SchoolingPassageOneVocabulary1.striking2.slenderimpeccable3.discernible4.sloppy5.sagacity6.arrogance7.vow8.homonym9.glistening10.fixtheblameonPassageTwoVocabulary1.A2.B3.C4.A5.B6.D7.A8.D9.D10.CTranslation1.我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。
当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼。
他就是杰瑞·卡帕琪斯基——乌克兰移民。
2.传统的观念认为老师应该为学生梳理知识，而不是一味的把知识塞进他们的脑袋里。
作业和小组学习都是备受青睐的学习手段。
传统的方法，如讲授和背诵，都被讥讽为“钻杀”，被人反对，被贬为是用正确的方法来蚕食年轻一代的创造力和积极性。
3.死记硬背现在被作为解释来自印度（印度人的记忆力让人赞不绝口）家庭的孩子在全国拼字比赛中大胜对手的一个原因。
4.当然，我们也担心失败会给孩子造成精神创伤，削弱他们的自尊。
5.研究人员曾以为，最有效的老师会通过小组学习和讨论带领学生学习知识。
PassageOne马文科林斯的方法在人群中，马文老师总是会显得很醒目：她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健，这都遗传自她那乔克托印第安人血统的曾祖母。
马文老师瘦削而不柔弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
马文很少穿宽松衣服，也决不穿宽大的直筒连衣裙或不正式的短衫及裙子。
马文认为宽大的衣服是对自己、对学生、对教师这一职业的不敬。
从开学的第一天起，马文老师总会告诉设法让孩子们懂得：自尊是一个人最可宝贵的东西。
马文的着装总是无可挑剔，这既是为了自己，也是为了学生们：她爱穿开司米羊毛衫、套装以及人字形花呢服装。
她的衣服都剪裁得很合适，时髦而简单，但她常常会加上一个装饰品：在羊毛衫上配上一条雕有花纹的腰带，或一条有圆形浮雕的锁链，或玻璃纱襟花，抑或是一块用狮头胸针别在口袋上的花边手巾。
武汉理工大学研究生英语教材课后习题翻译
1.The slogans and characters in the public service messages are more than memorable---they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2.The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student's performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific filed.3.The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation and inspiration to aid us in that journey.4.You will not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge and understanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.5.People cannot live apart from nature, that is the first principle of conservationists. And yet, people cannot live in nature without changing it.6.Flying development of science and technology worldwide,as well as intensity competition in economic and technological fields have addressed a tough challenge to education.7.The packing industry now finds itself under scrutiny as never before,as tough EU targets are set to reduce landfilling and increase recycling.8.There is a gap between China and advanced countries in the area of science and technology, so it must depend on science, technology and education to carry out a sustainable development strategy.9.Some say it is a man's world, but women actually make most purchasing and entertainment decisions, according to a study by market research firm NPD. It's long been accepted that women pick out most of the clothes for the family and decide on home furnishings, but this study of 51000U.S.households showed some surprising facets of purchasing decisions broken down by gender. Men defer to women when it comes to choosing movies, restaurants and television shows, according to the survey. The data indicated that women also decide where to sit in a movie theatre, where to shop for food and which guests come to the family home. In fact, the only areas where men had any clout involved personal electronics purchases, the family car and setting household budgets. The gender differences in purchasing could have implications for advertising, media and education companies, said NPD chief analyst Marshal Cohen, who spearheaded the research. "Anyone who's managing a brand, marketing a product or working for an advertising agency needs to be conscientious in the shifts in consumer dynamics," Cohen said.10.I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the films.11.After months of disappointment, his perseverance was finally rewarded.12.She made her meaning crystal clear.13.Like most married couples they have had their ups and downs, but life is likethat.14.After this cold winter, everyone is yearning for the weather to change.15.This advertisement is calculated to appeal to children.16.This riot is only manifestation of people's discontent.17.Primitive man made himself primitive tools from sharp stones and animal bones.18.The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.19.We may have to cut down on the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public mass transit systems because cars pollute and maim or even kill people.20.While wheels have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestions.21.Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.22.If only advances in fuel quality and efficiency and in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.23.A high developed highway network has made possible the easy movement from coast to coast in the U.S.24.The very thought of the speed at which the beautiful avenue was constructed electrified every visitor; the road had only recently been torn up to lay drain-pipes not long ago.25.Environmentalists have denounced automobiles, believing they are a major factor in the production of dirty air.26.Many new residential complexes have risen up in the suburbs of metropolitan cities because of the availability of convenient public transportation.27.Despite their love for cars, many people lend credence to the extensive use of the public transport system, which can cut down on traffic congestion.。
武大新版硕士英语Unit1课后翻译
汉译英Please translate the following into English1 中国和欧洲是两大战略力量，肩负推动全球经济发展、促进人类文明进步、维护世界和平的崇高使命，双方正在形成不断放大的战略交集。
中国是最大的新兴市场国家，欧盟是最大的发达经济体，"最大"与"最大"交融,一切都有可能，"新兴"与"发达"携手，优势就会倍增，中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作中可以成为典范。
China and Europe are two major strategic forces. We both undertake the lofty mission of promoting global economy, advancing human civilization and progress and safeguarding world peace. The two sides are expanding their converging strategic interests. China is the largest emerging market and the EU the largest developed economy. Nothing is impossible when the two "largests" converge. And strength will be multiplied if the "emerging" meets the "developed". China-EU cooperation may serve as a fine example of that between the emerging and developed economies.2近40年的中欧关系，已由一棵小苗长成枝繁叶茂的大树，这棵树上挂满了累累果实。
武汉理工大学研究生英语上册课后翻译
Unit1:SchoolingPassage One1.Marva was a striking woman with high cheekbones and strong angular features.在人群中，马文老师总是会显得很醒目，她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健。
2.Slender though not willowy, Marva was immediately discerniblein a crowd——even without the visibility afforded by her height--for she acquired a poise and sophistication that gave her appearance a deliberate style.马文老师瘦削而不软弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
2.In Marva’s opinion, it was important to have a unique imprint.在马文老师看来，给人留下独特的印象是很重要的。
4.She was so determined.,0r just plain stubborn.她意志坚定，或者说只是固执。
5.There were excitement building and Marva worked the momentum, like an entertainer who felt the pulse of an audience.马文老师触动了孩子们兴奋的神经，她就像是一个能够触到观众脉搏的表演者。
Passage Two1.I had a teacher once who called his students 'idiots' when they screwed up. He was our orchestra conductor, a fierce Ukrainian immigrant named Jerry Kupchynsky, and when someone played out of tune, he would stop the entire group to yell.我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。
研究生 基础综合英语 课后题翻译1-8单元
1) Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。
直到施蒂夫特太太当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。
2) No one seems to stop to think that — no matter what environments they come from —most kids don’t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake.似乎没有人停下来想想看，无论孩子们来自何种环境，他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了危急关头，才不会把功课当作头等大事呢。
3) Of average intelligence or above, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨，学不下去了。
4) Young people generally don’t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it.年轻人往往不够成熟，不会像我的成人学生们那样重视教育。
5) It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that the students have the ability to learn the material presented to them.这表明老师和家长都对学生有信心，相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习材料。
武汉理工大学研究生英语上册课后翻译
Unit 11.公益广告中的口号和形象不仅令人难忘，而且能引起广泛关注，激励人们采取行动。
The slogans and characters in the public service message are more than memorable—they raise awareness, inspire individuals to take action.2.大学教育的最终结果应该有学生在课堂上的种种表现来衡量，他们是否精于知识的运用，受否接受了扎实的基础教育，是否在某一特殊领域称职。
The outcomes of collegiate education should be measured by the student’s performance in classroom as they become proficient in the use of knowledge, acquire a solid basic education and become competent in a specific field.3.美丽的校园为我们提供一个理想空间，让我们沉思找到灵感，以助我们更好旅行。
The beautiful campus provides an ideal space for contemplation an inspiration to aid us in that journey.4.在知识之旅上，你们不是独行者。
我们有出色的师资和员工。
他们致力于求知和理解，将会在旅途中支持和鼓励你们。
It is vital to develop an action plan and timetable early in the process in order to allow for an orderly transition of responsibilities. You’ll not be expected to undertake this intellectual journey on your own. We have an exceptional faculty and staff, dedicated to the search for knowledge andunderstanding, who will support and encourage you in your journey.5.人们的生活离不开自然，这是自然资源保护论者的第一原则。
武汉理工(研)英语课后
幸福不在于拥有金钱，而在于获得成就时的喜悦以及产生创造力的激情。
Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money ,but in the joy of achievements and the thrill of creative efforts.风格优雅华丽，曲调流畅委婉，反映出江南人勤劳朴实、细致含蓄的性格特色。
The style is refined ,smooth and indirect, expressing the hard–working meticulous and spartan character of the people who live south of the yangtze.良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。
Although good medicine cures sickness,it is often unpalatable; likewise, sincere advice given for one’s well-being, is often resented.有趣的是，我发现媒体的声誉与规模和报导的真实性一点关系也没有。
Interestingly, there has been no correlation between the size and prestige of the publication and the accuracy of the report.女权主义运动经历了漫长的道路，它宣称女人和男人拥有平等的权利。
在某种意义上现在女人比男人拥有优先权。
Feminist movement has come a long way,which claims that women should have equal rights with men . To some extent ,women have more priority to men now .食物纤维素被吹捧成最新的万灵仙丹，既可以减轻体重，又有益健康。
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Unit 1 SchoolingPassage OneVocabulary1.striking2.slender impeccable3.discernible4.sloppy5.sagacity6.arrogance7.vow8.homonym9.glistening10.fix the blame onPassage TwoVocabulary1. A2.B3.C4.A5.B6.D7.A8.D9.D10.CTranslation1. 我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。
当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼。
他就是杰瑞·卡帕琪斯基——乌克兰移民。
2. 传统的观念认为老师应该为学生梳理知识，而不是一味的把知识塞进他们的脑袋里。
作业和小组学习都是备受青睐的学习手段。
传统的方法，如讲授和背诵，都被讥讽为“钻杀”，被人反对，被贬为是用正确的方法来蚕食年轻一代的创造力和积极性。
3. 死记硬背现在被作为解释来自印度（印度人的记忆力让人赞不绝口）家庭的孩子在全国拼字比赛中大胜对手的一个原因。
4. 当然，我们也担心失败会给孩子造成精神创伤，削弱他们的自尊。
5. 研究人员曾以为，最有效的老师会通过小组学习和讨论带领学生学习知识。
Passage One马文科林斯的方法在人群中，马文老师总是会显得很醒目：她有着高高的颧骨，瘦而强健，这都遗传自她那乔克托印第安人血统的曾祖母。
马文老师瘦削而不柔弱，就算她没有那么高，在人群中时还是一眼就能识别出来——因为她有着特别的镇静及教养，这些都使她有了一种严谨的风格。
马文很少穿宽松衣服，也决不穿宽大的直筒连衣裙或不正式的短衫及裙子。
马文认为宽大的衣服是对自己、对学生、对教师这一职业的不敬。
从开学的第一天起，马文老师总会告诉设法让孩子们懂得：自尊是一个人最可宝贵的东西。
马文的着装总是无可挑剔，这既是为了自己，也是为了学生们：她爱穿开司米羊毛衫、套装以及人字形花呢服装。
她的衣服都剪裁得很合适，时髦而简单，但她常常会加上一个装饰品：在羊毛衫上配上一条雕有花纹的腰带，或一条有圆形浮雕的锁链，或玻璃纱襟花，抑或是一块用狮头胸针别在口袋上的花边手巾。
在马文老师看来，给人留下独特的印象是很重要的。
她欣然于自己的与众不同，但这有时也会引起一些误解，认为这是自大的表现。
开学的第一天，马文老师对学生们说：“我是一名教师，是一个领路人。
这里没有魔法。
科林斯夫人不是奇迹缔造者。
我不能在水上走路。
我只是爱孩子，并且工作得比很多人都要努力，希望你们也能如此。
”马文•科林斯从不让任何孩子有机会使自己成为一个坏老师。
“一些老师坐在大大的桌子后面，就像一座城堡里的国王，而学生们则像是贫困的佃农——这桌子使老师和同学们分离开来。
而我不会坐在教室前那张大大的桌子后面。
我每天都会在教室里来回走动，我每天都会拥抱你们。
”“以前你们害怕走到老师的办公桌前吗？你们是否觉得如果犯了错，有人会嘲笑你们？”马文并没有留给孩子们回答的时间，她明白，大家此刻都在紧跟着她的思路。
“如果我犯了错，请你们告诉我。
如果老师错了，你们不要不敢告诉她。
我不是神，我的嘴也不是祈祷书。
我们将会一起努力。
你们中有多少人原来害怕向老师提问的？”孩子们立刻举起了手。
“米歇尔，你为什么不敢向老师提问？”“我怕老师会抱怨。
”“杰罗姆，你又是怕什么？”“我怕老师会用尺子打我”，杰罗姆直截了当地回答了马文老师，料想着同学们定会取笑他。
“伯内特，当你觉得自己怕一位老师时，你是在怕什么？”“我怕她会让所有人都嘲笑我。
我的其他老师总是表现得好像他们就是完美无缺的一般，总让我觉得自己很愚蠢。
”“有时我也很不喜欢成年人，因为他们总以为自己无所不知。
我并不是什么都知道，”马文老师说，“我一直都在学习。
你有权说出自己的想法。
你只要说出自己所想的就可以了，不用在乎别人怎么想。
你内心的想法是很重要的。
” 马文老师触动了孩子们兴奋的神经，她就像是一个能够触到观众脉搏的表演者。
“哦！我喜欢看你的眼睛起舞！”她说。
“新一届的学生总是两眼呆滞，但你的双眼看上去却充满了生机。
”“我知道，你们中的大多数人都不会拼写自己的名字。
你们不认识字母表，不知道如何朗读那些字母，不知道同形同音异义词或者怎样读出各个音节。
但我向你们承诺，你们将会学会这些。
你们都不是失败的孩子，是学校辜负了你们。
现在，让我们对失败说再见吧，成功正在前面等着你们。
你们将在这里读到难读的书籍并充分理解它们。
以后你们每天都会写字，这样它就能变成你们的一种习惯。
你们每周要背诵一首诗，这样你们便能很好地训练你们的记忆力。
如果你们不设法将在学校所学的东西记住的话，一切都只是枉然。
但要达到这些目标，我还需要你们的帮助。
没有付出，便没有收获。
成功不会主动向你们走来，你们必须主动地迎向它。
”马文告诉学生：“孩子们，我们在这儿要做的第一件事就是要做大量关于信仰的工作”。
孩子们都听得一脸茫然。
开学的第一天里，他们受到的通常是警告、威胁或是规章制度的洗礼。
而如今，却是马文老师坚定的誓言——抑或仅仅是固执。
事实上，她的意志比绝大多数人都要坚定——甚至也许是坚定过度了。
她的母亲一再地警告她：“马文，你总是在做出决定后便听不进别人的建议，你这样是不会有好结果的。
”正是马文•科林斯的态度使学生们开始了真正的学习，她总是在给学生们灌输对于成功的渴望。
她一直在说“你能做到”，使学生们相信世界上没有他们做不到的事情。
一个孩子不愿学习没有任何的理由，责怪电视、父母或是成长环境都没有丝毫意义。
真正的决定性因素在于讲台前的那个老师。
如果一个孩子察觉到老师并不在意他，那么，所有的课本、预先准备好的教案、视听设备以及昂贵的铺上地毯并装有空调的新建筑设施也不会让这个孩子产生想要学习的欲望。
“孩子们”，她开始说道，“你们今天所做的一切都将会决定你们明日的成功或是失败。
我向你们保证，我不会让你们失败的。
我是真的在乎你们，我爱你们。
钱只能请来教书的人，却请不来在乎学生的人。
”马文老师喜欢以“自立”来开始她的新一学期。
她相信，这是一个孩子能够学到的最重要的东西之一。
，“自立意味着要相信自己。
自立意味着什么？意味着……”“要相信自己”，一些学生弱弱地回应道。
“所有人一起大声地回答我，自立意味着什么？”“要相信自己”，孩子们更为大胆地回答道。
“‘自立’的作者是一个叫做拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生的人”，她接着说，。
“拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生在马萨诸塞州的波士顿出生，他的父亲是一名牧师。
在拉尔夫还不到八岁的时候（跟你们中的一些人一般大），他的父亲去世了。
他们家的经济于是开始陷入困境，以至于拉尔夫不得不同兄弟们分穿同一件冬衣。
但拉尔夫和三个兄弟都非常刻苦地学习，长大后，他们都进了哈佛大学。
”她一边讲，一边在教室里走动着，时而轻拍一个孩子的头，时而又摸摸另一个孩子的手臂。
“毕业后，拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生做了一段时间的老师，以帮助弟弟威廉支付大学学费；后来，他成为了一名牧师。
爱默生先生一直在叩问生活，他并不总是赞同教会或其他牧师的想法。
你们中有人在叩问生活吗？你们中有多少人想过为什么事情会按照既定的模式发生？”两名学生立即举起了手，其他人于是好奇地看着他们，为两名同学回应老师的意愿而感到吃惊。
“你们是想告诉我你们中仅有极少数人质疑过事物的本质吗？”马文老师发问道，并且还夸大了自己的惊讶。
她的话被孩子们的抱怨声及咯咯的笑给掩住了。
“每当你们说‘这不公平’或思考事情为何会如此时，你们就是在叩问生活。
他相信每个人都有自由的意志，并且可以选择去过自己想要的生活。
爱默生先生正在告诉我们要相信自己的判断，要独立思考，而不用管别人要我们怎样思考。
“塔尼娅，爱默生告诉了我们什么？” “要相信自己”，塔尼娅回答说。
弗雷迪，告诉我你从爱默生先生的文章里学到了什么。
” “我学到了关于自立的东西”，弗雷迪低声说。
“亲爱的，大点声。
自立意味着什么？相信……”“相信自己？”“正是如此，但请你自信地说出来，这样我们便都能知道你相信自己所说的话。
让我们看看你有多么地聪明，”马文老师边说边点着头。
“克里斯，你从爱默生先生那里学到了什么？” “相信自己的判断。
”“非常好，克里斯。
现在看到你已经学到的东西了吧。
”你有权说出自己的想法。
你只要说出自己所想的就可以了如果你不开动脑筋自己思考，其他人便会告诉你应该怎样思考。
” 马库斯，你学到了什么？”“如果你不开动脑筋自己思考，其他人便会告诉你应该怎样思考。
”马文老师突然间两眼放光：她笑了；靠着窗台，她戏剧般地抬起手扫了一下额头，佯作晕厥。
“啊，我再也忍受不了了！你们都是如此聪明，如此睿智。
睿智的意思是聪明而有智慧。
孩子们，现在由你们来告诉我，睿智是什么意思？”“聪明而有智慧”，孩子们一起高喊。
“谁是睿智的呢？”“我们都是，”大家叫到。
“你们当然都是睿智的。
”马文老师用低沉洪亮的声音强调了“当然”二字。
她一边说着，一边在学生们的桌椅间穿梭，弄弄这个孩子的头发，捏捏那个孩子的脸蛋儿，或是压压另一个孩子的肩膀。
这还仅仅是个开始。
日后，这间教室里还会有反复念诵单词的日常训练——直到马文老师都觉得重复得厌烦了为止。
首先，她必须让学生们确信她真的关心他们，说服他们相信她，并让孩子们坚信他们可以做到任何他们想做的事情。
Passage Two为什么严厉的老师会取得好结果？我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。
当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼“谁不听指挥，在第一根小提琴弦处走音了”；表演前，他不断地排练，我们的手指几乎都快流血了；他用指挥棒戳我们，纠正我们的握琴姿势。
他就是杰瑞·卡帕琪斯基——乌克兰移民。
几年前，他逝世了。
那时我们为他举办了一场音乐会，以此来悼念恩师。
他把四十年的光阴都奉献给了学生，而且桃李遍及整个国家。
当时他生前的学生同事都纷纷回到了新杰西镇，并且用学生时代时使用的乐器集体为恩师演奏乐曲。
当然，我也是其中的一员，我负责拉中提琴。
中提琴也是学生时代的，我很久都没碰过它了。
那天，音乐会拉开了帷幕。
我们组织了一支管弦乐交响乐团，其规模堪比纽约爱乐乐团。
东布伦瑞克中学在1958.卡帕斯基家庭成立，自那时开始，卡帕斯基先生就在那儿教学。
我们所认识的卡帕斯基先生是位脾气相当差而且上了年纪的老师，因此我们被他的溢于外表的情感深深震惊。
我也被他教过的学生的成功所震撼。
一些人是音乐家不错，但他们大多数在别的领域也有显著的成就，比如说法律，学术界，医学。
研究表明音乐教育与学术成就成正相关。
但是这并不能说明对在利用青春期折磨我们的老师表达的迟来的感激之情。
我们现处于美国教育系统中自我批评的全国浪潮中。
每天都有很多人超过我们的学生，而我们的学生本来就落后于其他国家的学生。
15岁的美国试用学生在科学上被其他12个国家的学生击败，在数学上被其他17个国家的学生击败。