2020届高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读第4讲主旨大意题练习

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2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题第4讲主旨大意题

Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven (避风港) for readers and writers…Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy (盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
Psychologist Susan Levine... found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills...

新高考2020版高考英语二轮复习第一编一阅读理解题型四主旨大意题练习新人教版

题型四主旨大意题语篇出处：原创语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：学校生活I was nine when I arrived at the Children's Home in Nashua, New Hampshire, in 1965. I failed third grade that year, barely made it through a second time, and had merely passed through fourth grade by the time I reached Pauline Jambard's fifthgrade class at Charlotte Avenue Elementary School.I believed I wasn't “smart” and popular like the other kids, and I hoped I could make it through fifth grade. Ms Jambard took an instant liking to me. Of all the subjects in school, reading was my favorite. She would tell me, “Terry, you keep reading. If you can understand what you're reading, you'll be smarter than most kids.” After I read all the books in our program, I started reading the classroom's set of Encyclopaedia Britannica. I couldn't find enough to read, and I started to really like school.That December, the children's home threw a Christmas party for family and community members. My brother and I had no family to invite. I still remember looking up and seeing Ms Jambard walk through the front doors of the children's home and I realized that she was there on behalf of my parent. That made me feel it was the best Christmas of my life.We have stayed in touch, and I call Pauline at least once a year. Because of the confidence she instilled (灌输) in me, I went on to have a successful career in engineering题1：题干关键词为“the writer's former schooling”，根据文中细节“failed third grade”“barely made it through a second time”“had merely passed through fourth grade” “I wasn't ‘smart’ and popular like the otherand law engagement. I don't know if Pauline realizes how much she helped me, but I'll never forget her kindness and faith in me. I treat her as my family member.1.Which of the following can best describe the writer's former schooling？A.He was fond of reading.B.He passed all the exams easily.C.He was smarter than most kids.D.He was popular among students.2.How did Pauline Jambard help the writer improve studies?A.Take good care of the writer.B.Help him with all the subjects.C.Guide him to really like school.D.Advise him to do more reading.3.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？A.The writer's making it through fifth grade.B.The writer's looking up and seeing Ms Jambard.C.Ms Jambard's attending the party as his parent.D.The school's throwing a Christmas party for them.4.What can be the best title of this passage？A.One of My Respected TeachersB.Pauline Jambard Became My FamilyC.My Favorite Teacher at Primary SchoolD.The Teacher Taught Me Ki ndness and Faithkids”以及“Of all the subjects in school, reading was my favorite.”可知选A。

2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练：阅读理解(主旨大意题)及参考答案

2020届高考英语二轮复习题型精准练4 -阅读理解（主旨大意题）1、 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recenttimes there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was stillpopulated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their ownpatterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spokeperhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries,trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread ofuniversal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communicationsin the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominantlanguages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of theselanguages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively fewlanguages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spokenby small numbers. Europehas only around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000;Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea aloneaccounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people tha n that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eightremaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the UnitedStates(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none ofthese seems to have much chance of survival.1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They werelarge in number.C.They had similar patterns .D.They wereclosely connected.2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?plex .B.Advanced.C.Powerful .D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800B.About 3,400C.About 2,400D.About 1,2004.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.2、Would you buy a car that released calming smells into the air when you are stuck in heavy traffic? Would you buy a robot that smells like a human being?Many people have seen the 3-D computer-made environments of virtual (虚拟的）reality (VR). Now these virtual worlds will not just look and sound real. Researchers have created VR environments that even smell like the real things. With the new technology， users open a virtual door and step into a new environment, like a rainforest. After they enter this virtual world, special equipment releases forest-like smells into the air to make the experience seem more real.Suzanne Fisher-Murray said "It is a really wonderful experience that you have because you reexploring this environment and you have smells with it."In the United States, Smell-O-Vision was designed to provide smells during the showing of a movie. The Smell-O-Vision system was once popular in the 1960s. Now, Emanuela Maggioni says it is close to becoming popular again, "People will be impressed by the connection with emotions，memories，and …the sense of smell，" Maggioni said. "It is unbelievable what we can do with technology."The uses for smell technology are not just limited to films and the performing arts. Researchers showed a computer program where users could imagine themselves driving a car. The system included a special smell-spraying machine. Dmitrijs Dmitrenko said，"We want to deliver the smell of lavender (薫衣草）every time the person drives over the speed limit. We choose lavender becau se it’s a very calming smell. "Scientists are experimenting with smell instead of sounds or image-based alerts on telecommunications equipment. And businesses are already using smell to influence people’s behavior. "Not only…in stores…But on the ot her side，you can create and stimulate (刺激）immediate buying, " Maggioni said "So you’re in a library and you smell coffee and actually you are unconsciously having the need to drink a coffee. "1. Using smell technology, researchers make VRenvironments .A. have a smell of a rainforestB. even smell like real onesC. look like a 4-D environmentD. impress people with a virtual world2. The example of Snell-O-Vision proves that .A. America is the first to use smell technologyB. cinemas are the most suitable for smell senseC. smell technology has been tried beforeD. it was out of date to use smell-spraying devices3. How is smell technology used by businessmen?A. To make buyers understand salesmen better.B. To remind people of their unrealistic buying.C. To help customers choose their favorite goods.D. To encourage people to buy something suddenly.4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The developments of smell technology.B. A major breakthrough of smell technology.C. The sense of smell in human communication.D. The advanced smell-spraying machines.3、For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative."It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion.B. They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models.D. They do business all over the world.3.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the WorldB.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends4、Sometimes，you just can’t help it; maybe you’re watching a sad movie, or thinking about the friend who moved away. Next thing you know, you feel pressure in your throat, your eyes are watering，and you have tears running down your cheeks.According to Ad Vingerhoets. a professor of psychology at Tilburg University，in the Netherlands, who is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying, there are three types of tears. Basal tears are the first type. They act as a protective barrier between the eyes and the rest of the world Next are reflex tears. They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them. Finally，there are emotional tears. “These are released in response to emotional states，”explains Vingerhoets.Scientists believe crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other. “Humans are very complex social creatures，”says Lauren Bylsma，a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania. “It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others she says.Vingerhoets agrees. “I think that the reason why humans shed tears has something to do with our childhood,” he say, “that’s the time when we are still dependent on adults for love and protection and care. The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person.” Vingerhoets says this ability could have come in handy in prehistoric times， when humans were living among dangerous animals. Tears were a safer way to get attention. “In this case， it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help, ”he says.Vingerhoets and Byhma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry. According to Byhma. there is still much more to discover. “It’s surprising, ”she says，“how much we still don’t know.”1. In the scientist’s opinion, crying is .A. a sign of human evolutionB. a result of human kindnessC. a cause of personal growthD. a means of relying on each other2. The underlined phrase “this ability” in the last paragraph refers to the ability to .A. aim tears at someoneB. seek help wiselyC. cry emotionallyD. appeal to other people3. From the passage, we learn that Ad Vingerhoets and LaurenBylsma .A. hold different opinions about the causes of tearsB. think positively of the effects of tearsC. are working together to study tearsD. have learned enough about tears4. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. The types of tearsB. The components of tearsC. The science of tearsD. The opinions about tears5、 NASA might be famous for sending rockets up to space quickly. But it will be more famous for making your next holiday come more quickly.The space agency is working on a new plane, which could solve the problems of supersonic(超音速的) flight and vastly increase the speed of journeys abroad. If successful, the plane would be able to fly between New York and London in just three hours. And it would reduce the time spent flying other journeys by a half, since it could be used more broadly. Until now, the problem with such planes has been the sonic boom(声爆), made famous by the original Concorde. That happens when a plane reaches supersonic speeds.It is a thunderous noise that upsets people on the ground---- disturbing animals and even causing physical problems to materials and houses underneath. It was that effect that led Congress to ban such planes from being used over the US land, adecision that in turn was responsible for Concorde’s failing to be commercially used.In view of the problem, the space agency has developed a new technology and tried it out in wind tunnels, and now believes that it could be put to commercial use. That plane will fly as high as 55,000 feet---- far higher than normal planes---and make a sound of only 60 decibels. That’s far less than 90 decibels th rown out by normal planes, and is roughly in line with a car on the motorway or a busy restaurant.“As long as we can get endorsement from the general public, the plane will probably be something that’s acceptable,” said Peter Coen, project manager for NASA’s commercial supersonic research team, in a new Bloomberg report. “If we get approved, we will have the full-sized version of the plane tried out and the plane will be put into use.”1.Why does the author mention Concorde?A.To suggest the rapid development of planes.B.To stress the negative effect of sonic booms.C.To introduce how a commercial plane is designed.D.To show Congress’ important role in making planes.2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the new plane.B.The working principle of the new plane.C.The problems of the new plane.D.The potential market of the new plane.3.What does the underlined word “endorsement” in paragraph 5 mean?A.Responsemitment.C.InvestmentD.Agreement4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To inform people of NASA’s new plane.B.To prove the disadvantages of supersonic flight.C.To explain why speed matters in supersonic flight.D.To clarify some misunderstandings about commercial planes.6、Life at the Institute is more than just classes and homework 一 community members pride themselves on their curricular(课程）and extracurricular work in the arts, athletics and more. Whether it’s taking part in a living group，playing on one of our NCAA Division m sports teams or taking time to learn new dance moves, Institute life has no boundaries.ArtsArt, engineering, science, and invention are interconnected throughout MIT. Explore the Arts at MIT Portal（门口网站).Athletics，Physical Education and RecreationAt MIT，exceptional students apply to athletics， physical education, and recreation with the same passion， drive and work ethic as they do in academics to reach their complete potential. Intensity and commitment to excellence can be found in all of DAPER's participants.The Institute sponsors the largest NCAA Division IE athletic program among colleges in the country with 33 university sports. DAPER features more than 30 club teams while it offers an expansive variety of intra-mural(校内的）competition. Physical education，a general Institute requirement, contains health and wellness concepts in addition to specific skill instruction. Recreational sports include 200-plus programs annually，including fitness training，group exercise and specialty events.Visit the Department of Athletics, Physical Education and Recreation (DAPER) website for more information.1. What do we know about the life at MIT?A. The students are proud of only their classes and homework.B. MIT offers students colorful after-school activities and community groups.C. The students have no limits to the curricular and extracurricular activities.D. Extracurricular activities in MIT focus on arts and athletics.2. If you want to know about Arts in MIT，what should you do?A. Visit the DAPER website.B. Pay a visit in person.C. Make a call.D. Log on to the MIT Portal.3. What do we know about DAPER?A. All students are encouraged to apply to DAPER.B. DAPER is famous for its over 30 club teams and varieties of competition.C. Participants will fulfil their potential and better themselves after joining DAPER.D. Participants will learn health and wellness concepts in the Recreational sports team.7、 Chinese audiences seemed not to satisfy with the third season of the highly anticipated food documentary A Bite of China.Even though the series maintained high viewership ratings since its comeback, much higher than other programs aired at the same time, the ranking on Douban, a social networking website featuring films, literature and events, slipped to 3. 7 out of 10, compared with 9. 3 and 8. 4, respectively, for the first two seasons. Picky viewers complained that some of the narration was not accurate, while others pinpointed misleading content. At the same time, a food blogger questioned whether it was appropriate to give a close-up shot(特写镜头) of the poisonous plant nandina(南天竹) in a food program.A Bite of China, which debuted in 2012, became hugely popular nationwide for its quality introduction of some rarely-known and mouthwatering domestic cuisine. In the new show, however, watchers were not satisfied with "irrelevant" foodreferences, such as lipsticks made from Chinese traditional medicine and martial arts(武术) master.The first episode introduced a hand-made iron frying pan from east China's Shandong Province, which prompted thousands of Chinese Internet users to buy one from China s leading ecommerce website Tmall in the next few days. Sales of the pan at "Zhensanhuan" surged 6,000 times compared with a year ago. according to Beijing Youth Daily.In response to overwhelming criticism and questions, A Bite of China production crew responded on Weibo that they sought innovation despite the risks following the first two phenomenal seasons."It is unavoidable to make comparisons with the first two, and some audiences may not accept the changes," the crew said. "We explore the culture and civilization behind food, and give food a historic touch. That's why we feature culinary(烹饪的) tools, feast and rituals, as well as a healthy diet to show Chinese wisdom and philosophy, which has not been shown in any food programs before."1.Why does the passage mention nandina?A.Because some of the narration is not accurate.B.Because it may be improper to give a close-up shot of a poisonous plant.C.Because it is misleading content.D.Because it is not attractive at all to most picky viewers.2.Which of the following elements leads to viewers' dissatisfaction with the new show?A.Some mouth-watering domestic cuisines.B.Non-food items.C.Some rarely-known cuisines.D.The increasing sales of the pan at "Zhensanhuan".3.According to its production crew, what is unique to A Bite of China Ⅲ?A.It makes comparisons with the first two seasons.B.It tells the story of some martial arts related to food.C.It receives overwhelming criticism and questions from audiences.D.It focuses on cooking tools，rituals and healthy eating.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.A Bite of China Ⅲ Draws Criticism from AudiencesB.A Bite of China Ⅲ Maintains High Viewer-ship RatingsC.A Bite of China Ⅲ Changes for the WorseD.A Bite of China Ⅲ Explains Its Purposes8、We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social pra ctice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. "Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband," says Dunn. "But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners,"he says.1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises people's confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C解析：本文是一篇议论文。

新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲题型破解__主旨大意

第二部分专题一第4讲A(2023·河南省焦作市普通高中高三二模)An inability to stand on one leg for 10 seconds in later life is linked to nearly double the risk of death from any cause within the next decade, according to a new study．The simple balance test may be useful to be included in routine physical exams for people in middle and old age, the research, which was published in British Journal of Sports Medicine, suggested．While aging leads to a decline in physical fitness, muscle strength and flexibility, balance tends to be reasonably well-preserved until a person's 50s, when it starts to decline relatively rapidly, the research noted．Previous research has linked the inability to stand on one leg to a greater risk of falls and to cognitive decline．The study involved 1,702 people aged 51 to 75 living in Brazil, who were asked to balance unsupported on one leg during an initial check．Researchers told the participants to place the front of the free foot behind the standing leg, keep their arms by their sides and eyes．Fixed straight ahead．Up to three attempts on either foot were permitted．The study participants had an average age of 61 and two-thirds of them were men．Around 1 in 5 failed to balance on one leg for 10 seconds at the initial checkup．Researchers monitored the participants after the initial checkup for a period of seven years, during which 7% of the people died．The proportion(比例) of deaths among those who failed the test (17．5%) was significantly higher than deaths among those who were able to balance for 10 seconds(4．5%)．The research was observational and didn't reveal cause and effect．The study didn't look at any possible biological mechanisms that might explain the link between poor balance and longevity．The study noted that, overall, those who failed the test were in poorer health, with greater proportion of suffering from obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure．Diabetes was also more common among those who failed to complete the test．1．What did the participants take during the research？A．Vision examinations．B．Medical examinations．C．Flexibility tests．D．Balance tests．2．How did the researchers get the findings？A．By calculating the participant numbers．B．By comparing the participants' lifetime．C．By identifying the participants' diseases．D．By monitoring the participants' pressure．3．What was the research's shortcoming？A．It had few participants．B．It didn't last very long．C．It lacked in-depth study．D．It was the first research on balance．4．What may be the best title for the text？A．Balance determines a person's lifetimeB．The balance test should be promoted to peopleC．The ability to stand on one leg can reflect health levelsD．Being able to stand for 10 seconds means being healthy【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

新高考适用2023版高考英语二轮总复习第1部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题

第一部分专题一第4讲A(2022·山东省泰安市高三一模)Imagine that one day you live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual world.You can go to a virtual concert, take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing.Amid a pandemic like COVID-19, instead of seeing teachers and classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom.This may help you understand the concept, metaverse.The term metaverse refers to a shared virtual 3D world in which people can access via the Internet.Currently, most virtual spaces look more like the inside of a video game than real life.However, metaverseʼs made the digital spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR, 增强现实).Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephensonʼs novel SnowCrash in 1992.The novel is about Hiro, a pizza delivery man by day and a VR superhero by night who lives in an online universe called The Metaverse.“He is in a computer-generated universe that his computer is drawing onto his glasses and pulling into his earphones，” the novel says of the city that everyone pops into in VR.The idea rings in many other works, for example, in ReadyPlayerOne directed by Steven Spielberg.In recent years, metaverse has become the latest popular word to capture the tech industryʼs imagination so much that one of the best-known Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the futuristic idea—Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his companyʼs name to Meta.Tech companies are also dedicated to exploring metaverse-related products.Facebook has launched meeting software for companies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets.The headsets cost $300 or more, putting the metaverseʼs most cutting-edge (尖端的) experiences out of reach for many.For users who can afford it, they can enter the virtual worlds created by different companies.Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the development of the Internet.So, do you expect the coming of metaverse?1．What can be inferred about metaverse？________A．It is a video game like real life.B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists.C．It gives us a real life in a virtual world.D．It can protect yourself from a pandemic.2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？________A．The fiction SnowCrash.B．The origin of metaverse.C．A VR superhero.D．The film ReadyPlayerOne.3．Why did Facebook CEO use Meta as his companyʼs name？________A.Metaverse has become more popular.B．He lives in a virtual world every day.C．Facebook is the best-known Internet platform.D．He has accepted the idea of metaverse.4．What can we know from the text about VR headsets？________A．They are very cheap for most of us.B．Their users can experience a virtual world.C．Horizon Workroom donʼt need them at all.D．They will bring us into the final stage of the Internet.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是虚拟空间(metaverse)、其产生的由来及运用。

高考英语二轮专题训练模块2专题1第4讲主旨大意题模拟精练巧押题含解析新人教版

专题1 第4讲A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

(2020·北京通州一模)Infectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced，but they remain a significant threat throughout the world.Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks.First，there are costs to the health system，both public and private，of medical treatment of the infected and of outbreak control.Concern over the spread of a relatively contained outbreak can lead to decreased trade.Travel and tourism to regions affected by outbreaks are also likely to decline.Some long-running outbreaks，such as HIV，prevent foreign direct investment.The economic risks are large.It is estimated that the expected yearly cost of infectious diseases is at roughly $500 billion.Even when the health impact of an outbreak is relatively limited，its economic consequences can quickly become expanded.Liberia，for example，saw GDP growth decline 8 percentages from 2013 to 2014 during the Ebola outbreak in Africa.The risk is complex，but policymakers have tools in response.Investing in improved health care，supply of clean water，and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses.Investment in reliable disease monitoring in both human and animal populations is also critical.Within formal global watch systems，instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks，it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases，as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade，tourism，and other economic rmal monitoring systems，social media for example，which collect information from official reports，media reports，online discussions，and eyewitness observations，can also help national health systems and international responders get ahead of the outbreak news during the early stages.Cooperations for monitoring infectious diseases readiness at the national level provide information national governments can use to react timely to their outbreaks.There is a significant market failure when it comes to vaccines(疫苗) against individual low-probability viruses that collectively are likely to cause panic.Giventhe low probability that any single vaccine of this type will be needed，high Research and Development(R&D) costs，and delayed returns，medical companies hesitate to invest in their development.However，responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure.Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability，high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks.It also aims to fund development of institutional and technical platforms to speed R&D in response to outbreaks for which there are no vaccines.Undoubtedly，humans and infectious viruses will coexist.However，we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases.Joint action now at the local，national，and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.1．What does the underlined word “incentives” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A．Habits. B．Opinions.C．Arguments D．Rewards.2．CFPI is a special company which .A．is able to predict the trend of the marketB．develops vaccines against infectious virusesC．makes huge profits by selling general medicineD．employs staff who graduate from famous universities3．What does the passage imply?A．More importance should be attached to health care systems.B．All-level cooperations are required to handle infectious diseases.C．It will not be long before mankind thoroughly defeats the viruses.D．Technologies hold the key to the settlement of medical problems.4．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Health Risks and Research of Infectious DiseasesB．Global Cooperation and Spread of Infectious DiseasesC．Economic Impact and Solutions of Infectious DiseasesD．Medical Service and Development of Infectious Diseases【答案】 1.D 2.B 3.B 4.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。

2020届高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读第4讲主旨大意题练习

第4讲主旨大意题【真题达标组】A(2019全国卷Ⅱ， C)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americ ans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of th e week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.( )1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A．Food variety.B．Eating habits.C．Table manners.D．Restaurant service.( )2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A．To meet with her coworkers.B．To catch up with her work.C．To have some time on her own.D．To collect data for her report.( )3.What do we know about Mazoleny?A．He makes videos for the bar.B．He's fond of the food at the bar.C．He interviews customers at the bar.D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.( )4.What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self－reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，列举了越来越多人喜欢单独吃饭的现象，并解释了原因。

2020版高考英语二轮新考势突破课件：2-1-4 阅读理解——主旨大意题

taking_on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，”
adds Hill.
命题形式
技巧点拨
第13页
引领高考/把握考试
二轮专题复习/考势英语
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing
D．Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
英语
命题形式
技巧点拨
第17页
引领高考/把握考试
二轮专题复习/考势
答案与解析
英语
文章大意：这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚界的影响，中国年轻
的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。
C．It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D．It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
英语
命题形式
技巧点拨
第15页
引领高考/把握考试 2．What does Hill say about Chinese women? A．They are setting the fashion. B．They start many fashion campaigns. C．They admire super models. D．They do business all over the world.
1．辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的主题通常是每段主题句

2020年高考英语二轮复习主旨大意类--解题技巧及典例剖析

第四讲主旨大意类--解题技巧及典例剖析【考点清单】一、主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____.2.The passage is mainly about ________3.The best title/headline for this passageis_____4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is_____.5.From the passage we can conclude thatis_____6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _____7.Which of the following statements best expresses th main idea of the passage?8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passag【解题流程】叮嘱考生：永远把主旨大意题放在最后做。

因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题目时考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都把它作为最后一道题来做。

在做完另外几道题目后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。

第一步确定文章的主题词通过文章阅读和其他题目的解答，确定文章的主题词文章通常围绕主题词展开，主旨题的正确答案当然要包括文章主题词或主题词的同义改写词。

第二步确定文章的主题句主题句常处的四种位置：1.首段或首句开门见山指出中心或讨论的问题。

2.文章中间或段落中间给出中心。

3.文章末段或段落末句对全文进行总结归纳。

4.文章或段落中不明确给出中心，考生要根据各段中心或各句的内容进行总结，自己推出主旨。

主题句通常具有下面一些特征：1.举例子的句子不是主题句，前后句可能是主题句。

高中英语高考2020届高考英语二轮复习专项语法课件：阅读理解-主旨大意习题

Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Bruno Arpino.
1．What is the caregiving study based on? A．Human evolutionary history. B．Demand of modern society. C．Social contact between relatives. D．Data on many elderly people. 2．In Arpino's opinion, childcare ________. A．is sure to keep old people away from illnesses B．allows old people to live a more meaningful life C．creates more job opportunities for old people D．makes social activities inaccessible to old people 3．What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 probably mean? A．Limit. B．Ignore. C．Favor. D．Consider. 4．What does the last paragraph tell us? A．Grandparents can do anything in their own interests. B．Grandparents should share more social responsibilities. C．Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents. D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.

高考英语二轮微专题强化训练：阅读理解(4)主旨大意题(含解析)

主旨大意题(一)确定主题句，锁定主旨(2018·北京·D) Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life，mostly for the better.However，social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.Surveys(调查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overlyprotective even after their childre n move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that today's parents are trying to manage their children's lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However，greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.In the context(背景)of this discussion，it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents' involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their collegeage children frequently，would this have been possible？Probably not.On the other hand，does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn't present a generation ago？Many studies show that older parents—today's grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore，studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new；nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad；it is a fact of college life，today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology，we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.文章大意：科学的发展总是带来好的变化吗？其实不然。

2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意类专项练习(含答案)

2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意类专项练习【分类真题】（2019年全国卷II，D）Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms（微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution（解决方案）. “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it’s 'I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and... it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product."Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact（影响）on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear in different forms.D. They damage the instruments.【答案】.A【解析】推理判断题。

2023年高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读能力突破篇专题一阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题

lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip
Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for
第一部分专题一阅读理解
高考二轮总复习 • 英语新教材
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【解题示范】第一步：阅读文章，概括文章大意。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉；
第二步：分析各选项，进行斟酌判断，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。通读全文，再结合第一段“Coffinʼs cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shaperecognition abilities to a human two-year-old.(科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。)”可知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。选项 “Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
第一部分专题一阅读理解
高考二轮总复习 • 英语新教材
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技法点拨 1．定位主题句确定文章大意文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。

2020高考二轮复习：2-1-4 锁定主旨大意题

步骤四巩固兼提升，满分收囊中A(2018·惠州高三第一次调研)The popular TV program Readers has prompted more people in China to practice reading aloud in booths (小间) set up in big cities across the country.As the latest TV show to help people's love for literature recover, the CCTV program Readers invites people from all walks of life to read aloud their favorite poems, essays and books, or even personal letters they wrote to their loved ones. Just as the weekly show has been well －received, its reading booths, equipped with professional recording devices and cameras, have become instant hits.A crowd of more than 200 people were pictured lining up outside the Shanghai Library at 11 a．m. on March 4—the first day of the booth's opening to the public in Shanghai. The deadline for registrations was brought forward to 2 p．m. instead of the scheduled 5：30 p．m., as the number of waiting readers continued to grow. Some waited more than nine hours for a tryout in the booth, according to library management.“There is an old photo in the late 1970s capturing people lining up outside the Shanghai Library before it opens. If that was a spring of reading in Shanghai, now I think another spring has arrived again，” library manager Zhou Deming, told The Paper.The reading booth is the only one of its kind in the city of economic center at the moment, but more are expected to be put into use in the coming months, according to the library's website.The program has also led to booths in other cities including Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou and Xi'an to appeal to more people to read and share their life stories.With the recent boom of culture－themed TV shows such as Readers and Chinese Poetry Congress, some are optimistic that this will help the country love literature and reading again in general.语篇解读：随着CCTV的《朗读者》节目受到人们的欢迎，全国范围开始刮起了“读书风”。

高考英语二轮复习解读阅读理解中文中主旨要义试题

2020届二轮复习解读阅读理解中文中主旨要义试题阅读理解在高考英语中所占分值最大，可以说“得阅读者得高考”。

因此，在考前复习中，阅读理解能力的培养和训练依然是重中之重。

本部分从高考阅读理解命题入手，剖析高考阅读理解的命题特点，并结合高考真题对高考常考题型进行解题指导，从而有效地提高解题的速度和准度。

表一：高考阅读的题材与体裁(以近三年全国卷Ⅰ为例)表二：高考阅读理解的题型分布第一讲理解主旨要义——攻克4类主旨大意题主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。

通常以概括文章大意、概括段落大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作目的等形式出现。

一、文章大意题——突破文章主旨3法1.主题句法解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。

下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。

(1)根据不同文体的写作方法来定位主题句①议论文主要是论述作者的某个观点，往往采用“总—分”或“总—分—总”的模式，所以主题句常在第一段或最后一段。

②说明文则是说明一个事物的用途或制作过程，主题句一般在首段。

③记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，但是如果文章末段出现说理性的句子，则这个句子为主题句。

(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句①在文中尤其是在首段出现表示转折的词，如but，however，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点。

②在文中出现表示总结的词，如therefore，thus，in short，conclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主题。

③若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。

[示例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter—gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them....31.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.分析：选C。

2020年高考英语二轮复习专题1阅读理解 (4)主旨大意题

high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us. ”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways. ”
【典例】 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ·B)
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers, ” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.

2020届高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读第4讲主旨大意题练习

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2020届高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读第4讲主旨大意题练习

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高考英语二轮微专题强化训练：阅读理解(4)主旨大意题(含解析)

2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解 主旨大意类 专项练习(含答案)

2023年高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读能力突破篇专题一阅读理解第4讲主旨大意题

2020高考二轮复习：2-1-4 锁定主旨大意题

高考英语二轮复习解读阅读理解中文中主旨要义试题

2020年高考英语二轮复习专题1阅读理解 (4)主旨大意题

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2020届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意类专项练习(含答案)