如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。

解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：

1.明确所给词的词性

2.弄清所给句子的意思

3.确定空白处所需的词性

4.正确写出所填的词

用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：

一. 对名词的考查

1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式：

(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)

①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如：desk→desks , key →keys, monkey →monkeys, boy →boys等

②以-x,-s,-ch ,-sh ,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：fox→ foxes , boss →bosses ,

bus →buses, class→ classes, dress → dresses, witness →witnesses, address →addresses, beach →beaches, coach → coaches , couch → couches ,inch →inches ,sandwich →sandwiches , church →churches ,watch →watches ,match →matches ,speech →speeches ,witch → witches ,dish →dishes ,brush →brushes,goldfish →goldfish, fish→fishes , toothbrush →toothbrushes等。

③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：zoo →zoos, radio →radios, photo →photos, piano →pianos, kilo →kilos, mango →mangos, bamboo →bamboos, kangaroo → kangaroos。

加-es的有：

tomato→tomatoes, potato →potatoes, dodo →dodoes/s,

hero → heroes。

④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。

例如：family →families, lady →ladies, baby →babies , copy→copies, body→bodies, century →centuries,diary→diaries, dictionary→dictionaries, factory→factories, library→libraries, battery →batteries, documentary →documentaries, buddy →buddies,ability →abilities, country →countries,butterfly →butterflies,enemy →enemies,memory→memories, balcony→ balconies, laboratory→laboratories, beauty→beauties, charity→ charities, comedy→ comedies, industry→industries, quality→ qualities, reply→ replies, difficulty→difficulties, theory→theories, mystery→mysteries, hobby→ hobbies,

story→stories, city→cities, laundry→laundries, activity→ activities等。

⑤以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或fe为v，再加-es。

例如：half→halves, knife→knives, wife→wives, leaf→leaves, shelf→shelves, herself→themselves, scarf→scarfs / scarves, wolf→wolves

等。

考例1：[2005年镇江市]

Look! There are some ___ (bird) flying in the sky.

分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds，因此应填birds.

考例2：[2005年泰州市]

Your present is in one of the ____. Can you guess (box)

分析：所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达“one of the +可数名词复数”可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式是boxes，因此应填boxes。考例3：[2004年淮安市]

Newspaper reports say that some more ___ (country) have become .(欧盟)members this year.

分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。

考例4：[2003年济南市]

The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost their ____. (life)分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives，因此应填lives。

(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)

foot→feet, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men, woman→women, policeman→policemen, policewoman→policewomen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen, snowman→snowmen, businessman →businessmen, Englishman→Englishmen, gentleman→gentlemen, salesman→salesmen, mouse→mice/mouses(鼠标),sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese, fish→ fish等。

考例1：[2004年无锡市]

It’s good for us to brush our ____ (tooth) after meals.

分析：所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，而tooth的复数形式是不规则的，为teeth，因此应填teeth。

2.考查名词的所有格

考例1：[2005年泰州市]

Chocolate is usually _____ favorite food. (child)分析：所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知，所填的词在句中作定语，应用复数名词的所有格作定语，child的复数形式的所有格为children’s，因此应填child ren’s。

考例2：[2005年淮安市]

Tomorrow is ___ (father) Day. What will you do for your dad

分析：所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，“父亲节”为Father’s Day,因此应填Father’s。

注意：母亲节为Mother’s Day,妇女节为Women’s Day,儿童节为Children’s Day,教师节为Teachers’ Day。

3.考查名词转换成形容词