英语非谓语动词用法全面归纳【没有最全,只有更全】

非谓语动词归纳非谓语动词在句子中可以作主语，宾语，定语，状语，补语和表语六种。

现根据在句子中的成分不同把它们归纳成六类。

一．主语1.doing;主动的，抽象的，规律性的，一般的，延续性的动作，其被动态being done2.to do;主动，具体的，一次性的，短暂性的,尚未发生的动作，其被动态t o be doneEg; Reading calls for patience and perseverance.To have a walk along the river after supper is such fun.3.注意；①to do 经常用it作形式主语替代逻辑主语放在句首，而真正的逻辑主语放在句末。

其一般形式有a.it’s +adj+to do sth b.it +vt +o(宾语)+ to do sth。

Eg; It’s important to have a good eye sight ,as it’s known to us .It took me 3 days to finish the task.②it作形式主语替代doing的几个结构；it’s no use/useless .it’s waste of time .it’s no good 等。

Eg; It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收③范例；（1） to the sun for too long contributes to the harm to the skin.A .Being exposed B.Exposed C.Having exposed D.To exposed解析；选A。

可能误选B。

误认句子缺少状语，但观察可以发现若是作状语的话，那么句子就没有主语了。

判断方法；划分句子的主谓宾。

3.动名词的复合结构；one’s doing /being doneEg.My sister’s being ill made us all worried =That my sister was ill made us all worried.4.迁移；若主语与to do中的do 存在动宾关系，且形容词是hard. difficult 之类的，那么do用主动态表示被动态。

Eg ;The question is hard to answer.二．宾语1．总结；doing;长期性的动作，其他的同上，被动态为being done。

to do ;短暂性的，已完成的动作，其他的同上，被动态为to be done。

2.,几种类型；①大部分动词+to do②只加doing的；imagine.avoid.mistake.delay.deny.risk.mind.appreciate.escape等。

③既可以加doing又可以加to do的，但意思不同的;regret remember forget admit等（这些动词后面也可以加having done,其意思和加doing的时候一样）④加doingd的时候表被动；need want require 等，这种情况下句子的主语一般是物。

⑤一般情况下两者可以互换但某些情况下不能；start/begin,like/enjoy/love 等，前者在句子主语是物的时候只能用to do(当然这只是其中一种情况了，还有其他的注意点)，而后者加to do时表示暂时的兴趣，而表示doing长久的兴趣.Eg;I like swimming,and I enjoy to run these days.(我一直都很喜欢游泳，但是我这段时间又喜欢跑步了，后者是暂时的兴趣，将来是否还喜欢就不知道了)3.动名词的复合结构；①vt + one’s doing(mind,imagine,find等)，另外这类动词还可以将one’s改成宾语，即doing变成了宾补了②介词+one’s doing/o+doingEg;Would you mind my/me opening the window?The sound of the desks/desks’being knocked can be heard from the street in usual days,but strangely I can’t heard it!③there to do/doingEg; I prefer(宁愿) there to be no persons present today,I feel so nervous to speak in front of so many people.4.不定式/动名词的完成式;表示宾语的动作先于谓语的动作发生，形式为to have done/ to have been done,having done/having been done。

Eg;Yesterday when the Smiths come to vist us,we happened to have go out.(出去这个动作是发生在拜访之前的)* 注意；下列动词的不定式的完成式表示虚拟，表示原打算做的动作却没有发生的plan/ intend /prefer/mean(打算)/be to=had done+to do等Eg;We intended to have gone to the concert,but the heavy rain hold us off.5.it 作形式宾语；find /make/think等+it +to do sthEg; I think it useful to master computer technology.6.不定式的进行式：to be doing,表示宾语的动作与谓语同时发生。

Eg:When the teacher came in , Jhon pretended to be reading.三．定语（分为前置定语和后置定语）1..①doing;主动的，正在进行的，表功用，长期，延续的，一般性的动作Eg; the walking stick(表功用) the man sitting at the table（正在进行的）②being done;被动的，其他的同上Eg;The issue being discussed at the meeting becomes a hot topic in the company.③to do;主动的，尚未发生的，解释所修饰的名词，具体的动作Eg; The person to speak in the class tonight set off everyone’s curiosity.His attempt to escape from the prison failed again.④done;被动态，表示已完成，或规律性的动作Eg;a fallen leafThe flowers sent to teachers on Sep.10th every year are always sold out very early.2.注意①所修饰名词与定语存在动宾关系式，若定语中do是不及物动词的话，那么要在它的背后不上介词，但是若所修饰名词为space,room,nature时则不能加介词。

Eg;Please give me a pen to write in.There’s no space for me to stand.四．状语（一）分词作状语①doing；主动，状语与主句的动作同时发生或前后间隔的时间很短，一般性的动作,否定形式是not doinEg;Hearing the cry for help,he rushed out to see what had happened.②having done；主动，状语的动作先于主句发生，一般性，延续性动作,否定形式是nothaving done.③having been done；被动，可与done互换④done；已完成⑤being done；表原因，且done多为表示心理状态的动词Eg;Being excited ,he burst into laughter.但要注意，若句子中直接出现done的话，且表示了主语的心理状态，且与主句的动作伴随发生，那么它不是伴随状语，而是主补Eg;Excited and surprised, he stood up in other guests’ applause,(他站起来的时候是既兴奋又惊讶的，而不是因为惊讶和兴奋而站起来的)⑥to do ;目的状语，与only连用时表示意想不到的结果，尚未发生的动作（doing是表示意料之中的结果）Eg;He rushed to the station ,only to find the train had gone.He was lost in his work, only stopping to have a drink.2.独立主格结构（与分词连用）①规律；状语和主句的主语不同，在状语前补上自己的逻辑主语。

Eg:Mike having cheated in the exam,the teacher felt angry with him.②几种特殊结构；（1）it being（这里的it的用法为它的模糊功能，如指代天气等）(2 )there being /to be(3)with+ o+oc(doing /to do /being done /to be done /介词/adv/adj/n)(4)主动表被动Eg:It being sunny,we went out for a picnic.(it指代天气)There being no bus, we had to walk home.The teacher came into the classroom,(with a) book in (his) hand.Weather permitting,we will go hiking.3.注意；①被动形式但是表示的是主动的意思的词组：be located in ,be seated in/at,be devoted to,be lost /absorbed in,be occupied with,be charged with,be accused of, be supposed to等。

Eg:Devoted/Devoting himself to the medicine ,Doctor Henry has struggled for the career for his whole life.②与连词的省略结构区别和联系，后者的用法和分词作状语及独立主格结构相似,不同的是后者没有having done和having been done结构。