形容词和副词
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5)only too pleased to do sth: 非常想干某事 I only too pleased tFra Baidu bibliotek go home.
2). 副词的作用与构成 副词用来修饰形容词、副词和动词。大部分副词由“形容词＋ly”构成，如：happy→happily, slow→slowly, wonderful→wonderfully 等。但有些以 ly 结尾的词却不是形容词，而是副词，如：friendly, brotherly, likely, lonely 等。有些词可以作形容词也可以作副词，如：early, late, fast, hard, low, much, near 等。
3)程度副词修饰形容词或副词，通常放在被修饰的形容词之前。但是 enough 总是放在所修饰的形容词或 副词之后。 【例如】 The boy didn’t work hard enough. He is quite diligent. But his achievement is not good enough.
答案为 D。firmly 意味“坚固地，顽固地”，在此句中不妥，firm 意为“稳固地，牢固地”，合乎题意要求。句 意：把这个桩子牢固地钉在地上。 例 2)Communism can never be taken as the equivalent of eating ____and riding____. A) free; free B) freely; freely C) free; freely D) freely; free 答案为 A。free 意为“免费地”，freely 意为“自由自在地，不受约束地”。句意：共产主义决不能理解为白吃 饭和免费乘车。 例 3)The desk was ___in the center of the room. A) direct B) directed C) directing D) directly 答案为 D。题意：书桌刚好在屋子中央。
4) only 的位置比较灵活,修饰哪个词，就放在哪个词的前面，以示强调。 【例如】 I only saw John yesterday. I didn’t see his wife. I have bought two kilos of potatoes only. Only in the afternoon, can you borrow books from the university library.
3. 没有比较级的形容词和副词 1)有些程度副词，如：quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively, fairly 等与形容词连用具有“比 较”含义。故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级。 【例如】 It is a set of comparatively new instrument in our laboratory. This book is rather difficult for the juniors, but fairly easy for the seniors.
2. 形容词、副词比较级 1)比较的成分要对等。 【例如】 He is more concerned about others than about himself. My father is in better health now than last year. The population of China is larger than that of America. 2) the +比较级……，the +比较级……意为“越……，越……”。前面部分是从句，后面部分是主句。 【例如】 The harder you work, the more successful you will be. The earlier you come, the better place you can find
4). 具有两种形式的副词 英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀ly 构成。这 两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。 常见的这类副词有：firm 稳固地 firmly 坚固地 direct 径直地 directly 恰好 flat 平淡地 flatly 直截了当地 short 突然 shortly 不久 even 甚至 evenly 平均地 clean 完全地，径直地 cleanly 清洁地，干净利索地 clear 隔开， 不接触 clearly 清晰地，明显地 close 近 closely 紧密地，接近地 easy 安适地 easily 容易地 dead 突然地， 完全地 deadly 死一般地，非常 fair 公平，正直地 fairly 相当地? right 还好，适当地 rightly 改正地，合理地， 正确地 just 正好 justly 公正地 sharp 突然地，急剧地 sharply 严厉地 【例句】 Don’t come too close. /I closely resemble my father. The train stopped dead./She turned deadly pale. ?? She slipped right to the bottom of the icy mountain. / I am rightly informed. 例 1)：Fix the post ____in the ground. A) firmed B) firmly C) firmly D) firm
2)以able 或ible 结尾的形容词与 all, every, only 或形容词最高级连用时，常常后置。 【例如】These are the best books available in the university library. Paris is one of the most beautiful cities imaginable.
3) fairly, quite, rather 表示“十分，非常”。fairly 语气最弱，放在不定冠词之后；quite 语气较强，放在不定 冠词之前；rather 语气最强，可放在不定冠词前后，也可放在比较级前和 too 之前。 【例如】 This is a fairly interesting story. I want to tell it to my friends. You have made quite a few mistakes in you writing. (quite a few = many) The weather is rather colder today than I have expected. The student was rather too dull.
形容词和副词
1. 形容词的位置 单个形容词修饰名词的时候，一般前置。但是下列情况下形容词却要后置。 1)当形容词修饰由 some,no,any,加上thing,body,one 构成的复合代词时，总是后置。 【例如】I have something urgent to do, so I have to go now. There must be something wrong with him.
3)形容词词组常后置。 【例如】I know a girl good at singing.多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序 有几个形容词修饰同一名词时，词序无固定规律，一般的顺序为：1)限定词(冠词/代词/数词)→2)性质→3) 大小/形状/新旧/年龄/颜色→4)名词性定语(包括动名词)→5)名词。 【例如】 China is a great, modernized socialist country. Nancy is reading an old, exciting, romantic love story. Mary has just bought herself a pretty green cotton dress. My sister knew a tall intelligent young American professor whom she met in college.
2. 作表语的形容词 1)很多以 a开头的形容词，如 asleep, afraid, awake, alone, aware, alive, ablaze, alike 等，一般只作表语。 【例如】He was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Whether he was alive or dead in the earthquake is still unknown. 2) 这类形容词有时可以放在名词后作后置定语。 【例如】He is one of the persons alive after the flood. The old man was the only person awake at the moment. 3) 这类形容词中有些像 alike(相同)，alone(单独)，amiss(差别)，afire(燃烧着)，adrift(漂流)，afloat(漂浮)， afoot(徒步)等既是表语形容词，又是副词，它们的用法不同。 【例如】 The twins look so much alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other. My brother and I alike are funs of pop music. 4)一些表示身体健康情况的形容词，如 ill, well, unwell, fit, poorly 等，一般作表语。 【例如】I don’t feel well, I need to go to see the doctor. How to keep fit is a popular topic these days
副词 1. 副词在句中的位置 1)修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在前面。 2)当句子的谓语动词是行为动词时，频度副词一般放在谓语动词之前。句中有 be 或助动词、情态动词时， 放在其后。 【例如】 I often go to the cinema on weekend with my husband.
I can hardly understand him for what he said was really confusing. I have never been abroad until now.
2)下列几类形容词也没有比较等级： (1)表示“终极”意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如：absolute(ly), blind, dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong 等。 (2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如：back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical 等。 (3)部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。如：atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden 等。 (4)本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词。如：maximal, mere, minimal, matchless, sole, only unique 等。
比较级 1. 比较级的修饰词 比较级可以用 much, far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit, by far 来修饰。 【例如】She is much more beautiful than I have thought. The situation is far more complicated than I have imagined. I can do a little better than you. Let me do it.
2). 副词的作用与构成 副词用来修饰形容词、副词和动词。大部分副词由“形容词＋ly”构成，如：happy→happily, slow→slowly, wonderful→wonderfully 等。但有些以 ly 结尾的词却不是形容词，而是副词，如：friendly, brotherly, likely, lonely 等。有些词可以作形容词也可以作副词，如：early, late, fast, hard, low, much, near 等。
3)程度副词修饰形容词或副词，通常放在被修饰的形容词之前。但是 enough 总是放在所修饰的形容词或 副词之后。 【例如】 The boy didn’t work hard enough. He is quite diligent. But his achievement is not good enough.
答案为 D。firmly 意味“坚固地，顽固地”，在此句中不妥，firm 意为“稳固地，牢固地”，合乎题意要求。句 意：把这个桩子牢固地钉在地上。 例 2)Communism can never be taken as the equivalent of eating ____and riding____. A) free; free B) freely; freely C) free; freely D) freely; free 答案为 A。free 意为“免费地”，freely 意为“自由自在地，不受约束地”。句意：共产主义决不能理解为白吃 饭和免费乘车。 例 3)The desk was ___in the center of the room. A) direct B) directed C) directing D) directly 答案为 D。题意：书桌刚好在屋子中央。
4) only 的位置比较灵活,修饰哪个词，就放在哪个词的前面，以示强调。 【例如】 I only saw John yesterday. I didn’t see his wife. I have bought two kilos of potatoes only. Only in the afternoon, can you borrow books from the university library.
3. 没有比较级的形容词和副词 1)有些程度副词，如：quite, rather, comparatively, incomparably, relatively, fairly 等与形容词连用具有“比 较”含义。故这时句中的形容词不能再使用比较级。 【例如】 It is a set of comparatively new instrument in our laboratory. This book is rather difficult for the juniors, but fairly easy for the seniors.
2. 形容词、副词比较级 1)比较的成分要对等。 【例如】 He is more concerned about others than about himself. My father is in better health now than last year. The population of China is larger than that of America. 2) the +比较级……，the +比较级……意为“越……，越……”。前面部分是从句，后面部分是主句。 【例如】 The harder you work, the more successful you will be. The earlier you come, the better place you can find
4). 具有两种形式的副词 英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀ly 构成。这 两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。 常见的这类副词有：firm 稳固地 firmly 坚固地 direct 径直地 directly 恰好 flat 平淡地 flatly 直截了当地 short 突然 shortly 不久 even 甚至 evenly 平均地 clean 完全地，径直地 cleanly 清洁地，干净利索地 clear 隔开， 不接触 clearly 清晰地，明显地 close 近 closely 紧密地，接近地 easy 安适地 easily 容易地 dead 突然地， 完全地 deadly 死一般地，非常 fair 公平，正直地 fairly 相当地? right 还好，适当地 rightly 改正地，合理地， 正确地 just 正好 justly 公正地 sharp 突然地，急剧地 sharply 严厉地 【例句】 Don’t come too close. /I closely resemble my father. The train stopped dead./She turned deadly pale. ?? She slipped right to the bottom of the icy mountain. / I am rightly informed. 例 1)：Fix the post ____in the ground. A) firmed B) firmly C) firmly D) firm
2)以able 或ible 结尾的形容词与 all, every, only 或形容词最高级连用时，常常后置。 【例如】These are the best books available in the university library. Paris is one of the most beautiful cities imaginable.
3) fairly, quite, rather 表示“十分，非常”。fairly 语气最弱，放在不定冠词之后；quite 语气较强，放在不定 冠词之前；rather 语气最强，可放在不定冠词前后，也可放在比较级前和 too 之前。 【例如】 This is a fairly interesting story. I want to tell it to my friends. You have made quite a few mistakes in you writing. (quite a few = many) The weather is rather colder today than I have expected. The student was rather too dull.
形容词和副词
1. 形容词的位置 单个形容词修饰名词的时候，一般前置。但是下列情况下形容词却要后置。 1)当形容词修饰由 some,no,any,加上thing,body,one 构成的复合代词时，总是后置。 【例如】I have something urgent to do, so I have to go now. There must be something wrong with him.
3)形容词词组常后置。 【例如】I know a girl good at singing.多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序 有几个形容词修饰同一名词时，词序无固定规律，一般的顺序为：1)限定词(冠词/代词/数词)→2)性质→3) 大小/形状/新旧/年龄/颜色→4)名词性定语(包括动名词)→5)名词。 【例如】 China is a great, modernized socialist country. Nancy is reading an old, exciting, romantic love story. Mary has just bought herself a pretty green cotton dress. My sister knew a tall intelligent young American professor whom she met in college.
2. 作表语的形容词 1)很多以 a开头的形容词，如 asleep, afraid, awake, alone, aware, alive, ablaze, alike 等，一般只作表语。 【例如】He was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Whether he was alive or dead in the earthquake is still unknown. 2) 这类形容词有时可以放在名词后作后置定语。 【例如】He is one of the persons alive after the flood. The old man was the only person awake at the moment. 3) 这类形容词中有些像 alike(相同)，alone(单独)，amiss(差别)，afire(燃烧着)，adrift(漂流)，afloat(漂浮)， afoot(徒步)等既是表语形容词，又是副词，它们的用法不同。 【例如】 The twins look so much alike that it is difficult to distinguish one from the other. My brother and I alike are funs of pop music. 4)一些表示身体健康情况的形容词，如 ill, well, unwell, fit, poorly 等，一般作表语。 【例如】I don’t feel well, I need to go to see the doctor. How to keep fit is a popular topic these days
副词 1. 副词在句中的位置 1)修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在前面。 2)当句子的谓语动词是行为动词时，频度副词一般放在谓语动词之前。句中有 be 或助动词、情态动词时， 放在其后。 【例如】 I often go to the cinema on weekend with my husband.
I can hardly understand him for what he said was really confusing. I have never been abroad until now.
2)下列几类形容词也没有比较等级： (1)表示“终极”意义或绝对概念的形容词或副词。如：absolute(ly), blind, dead, excellent, entire, living, full, perfect(ly), round, relative, wrong 等。 (2)表示时间、方位或方向的形容词或副词。如：back, backward, forward, front, past, monthly, weekly, present, southern, vertical 等。 (3)部分表示事物性质、物质材料或结构成分的形容词。如：atomic, cultural, economic, educational, golden, political, scientific, silken, urban, wooden 等。 (4)本身具有“最”或“唯一”概念的形容词。如：maximal, mere, minimal, matchless, sole, only unique 等。
比较级 1. 比较级的修饰词 比较级可以用 much, far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit, by far 来修饰。 【例如】She is much more beautiful than I have thought. The situation is far more complicated than I have imagined. I can do a little better than you. Let me do it.