初中英语语法系列非谓语动词

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先看几个例句,判断不定式在句中的成分。
1.To learn a foreign language is difficult . 2. His wish is to be a driver . 3.Tom wanted to have a cup of beer . 4.The teacher told us to do morning exercises . 5.I have nothing to say . 6.They went to see their aunt . 7.It’s easy to see their aunt. 8.I don’t know what to do next . 9.I heard them make a noise .
后面只能接不定式作宾语的动词有:
三个希望两答应 hope,wish,want,agree,promise 两个要求莫拒绝 ask,demand,refuse 设法学会做决定 manage,learn,decide 不要假装在选择 pretend,choose 提供帮助的计划 offer,help,plan 预期失败要发生 expect,fail,happen 看似都接不定式 seem
不定式作定语的基本条件 不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻 辑上必须具备以下条件之一:
1. 主谓关系 2. 动(介)宾关系 3. 说明所修饰词的内容
多为抽象名词或序数词
分析下列句子
He is the right person to do it. 主谓
He has a lot of work to do. 动宾
特殊短语: would rather + do had better + do
( 3 ) .作宾补时,省略不定 式符号to或不省略均可的动词:
help sb. to do sth. & help sb. do sth. 例:I often help my mother (to) do housework.
不定式的常考点:
1. “to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是
介词。 agree to,object to,close to , come to , lead to ,
refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to ,
devote to , next to , belong to ,
I want you to go now. His parents wish her to be a teacher.
(2) 动词后的宾补,需要省
略不定式符号to的动词:
一感 feel 二听 hear,listen to 三使 make,let,have
The boy made the baby cry. 四看 notice,observe,see,watch I saw him
be(get) used to 习惯于,
look forward to 渴望,
pay attention to 注意,
get down to
开始认真(做某事),
devote oneself to 献身于
2. 带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in.
I cannot do anything but give in.
It is not easy to learn English well.
常考点注意:
It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do sth.
与 of 连用的形容词常常用来形容“人”:
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible
完成进行式 to h_a_v_e__b_e__e_n__doin_g_____________
(过去已开始,还在进行)
动词不定式的句法功能
一:作主语
To learn English well is not easy.
但是,为了避免头重脚轻,常用“ it ”作形式主语, 吧真正的主语(动词不定式短语)放到后面。
表目的
表某一次具体的动作
1.表示将来: I have a lot of work to do.
2.表示某一次具体的动作: I like dancing, but I don’t like to dance
today.
3. 表示目的: To learn English well, you must practise
动词不定式的句法功能
二:作表语
动词不定式(短语)常用于系动词be的后面作表语。
His work is to drive a car.
My job is to feed animals.
动词不定式的句法功能
三:作宾语
动词不定式(短语)可以放在一些动 词后面作宾语。
这些动词很关键!
在一些动词的后面,只允许接 不定式作宾语:
动词不定式 动名词
非谓语动词的特点:
1. 由动词构成 2. 在句子中不做谓语
现在分词

分词

过去分词
动词不定式
基本形式:to+动词原形 (有时可以不带to ) 。 ●动词不定式没有人称和数的变化 ●在句子中不能作谓语 ●但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主 语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的各种形式
动名词
动名词的特点:
① 抽象 ② 习惯性
His hobby is painting.
习惯 I’m proud of being a Chinese.
抽象
• Learning English is very difficult . 学英语非常困难。
His job is driving a bus . 他的工作是开车。
不定式的常考点:
5、不定式的特殊句型:
1)too…to…:太…而不能… He is too excited to speak. 2)enough to do:足以做 … The child is old enough to go to school. 3) " Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议,翻译为:
动名词的时态和语态
时态 一般式
主动
doing
被动
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
动名词的句法功能(4点)
• 1)动名词作主语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很 好的运动。
• 2)动名词作表语 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最 喜欢的运动是游泳。
difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,(im)
possible等。
It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street. 对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险。 It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。
答案:B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
4、动词不定式与疑问词连用:疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词 when, where, how , why等后面可以
按动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾 语、表语等成分。 例如: (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)
五:不定式作定语
the food to live __o_n___ the bus to come here _o_n__ the pen to write _w__it_h_ the room to live __in__ the knife to cut _w__it_h_
the person to write a_b_o_u_t
It’s the best way to learn English.
说明内容
五:不定式作状语
1.表原因(原因状语): 2.I’m sorry to trouble you.
2.表目的(目的状语): I went to the library to learn English.
动词不定式
表将 来
I saw him enter the classroom . ( 但是: He was seen to enter the classroom .)
不定式的常考点:
3、不定式的否定形式:not to do sth.
例如:Tell him ___ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
play football on the playground yesterday. # 注意:变为被动语态时,不定式短语从宾语补足语变 为主语补足语,to还要重现到动词原形前。 例:The boy made the baby cry. (主动语态省略to) The baby was made to cry by the boy. (被动语态: 宾补变主补,to 要加回来)
It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我,真好。 It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem. 你真聪明,解出了这道数学题。
It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.
与 for 连用的形容词常常用来形容“物”:
四:不定式作宾语补足语
1)不可省略to的: 2)可省略to的: 3)可以省可以不省的:
(1)动词后的宾补,不可以 省略不定式符号to的:
tell / ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite / encourage / teach + sb. to do sth.
基本形式:to+动词原形
各种形式:
主动
被动
一般式(未发生) __t_o__d__o____ _to__b_e__d_o_n__e____
进行式(正进行) t_o__b_e__d_o__in__g ______________
完成式(已发生) to__h_a_v_e__d_o_n__e_to h_a_v__e_b_e_e__n_d__o_n_e
"为什么不……?" Why not take a holiday? 4)so as (not) to do: 表示目的 Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
动名词
动词的-ing形式用作动名词:
● 由动词原形加-ing构成 ● 它在句中起名词的作用 ● 可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、 宾语补语、状语和定语。
动名词的句法功能
• 3) 动名词作宾语 Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢 吃巧克力。 She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她 看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。
I enjoy dancing . 我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country . 我已经习惯了住农村。
Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep . 吃点安眠药,你很快就会入睡。
Good afternoon!
一. 总述 二. 分类 三.不定式的用法 四.动名词的用法 五.分词的用法
还记得,动词第一讲时: 我们将动词按形式,划分为两类
动 词
谓语动词
谓语动词就是能在句子中作谓语的பைடு நூலகம்词(独立
做谓语,或者构成复合谓语皆可)
非谓语动词
谓语动词就是不能在句子中作谓语的动词
非 谓 语 动 词
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