国际法期末考试英文名词解释

国际法1国家主权"National sovereignty" is a legal expression of the right to self-government by a state or nation. It entails the declaration by a political system to operate independently of foreign rule or control. IT is the country's most important attribute of the country in terms of international law to deal with the inherent independence of the internal and external affairs power.2领海Territorial WatersNational or internal waters consist of lakes, canals, rivers and their mouths, ports, harbors, sometimes waters landward of fringing islands, and some of its gulfs and bays. These different kinds of national water must be distinguished from territorial sea. Internal waters are legally equivalent to a state’s land,and are entirely subject to its territorial sovereignty3领土The Conception of State Territory（国家领土构想）State territory is that defined portion of the globe which is subjected to the sovereignty of a state.It is to be noticed that Antarctica and Arctic Ocean can be regarded as territory as well, although it is belong to all states rather than any one state.A wandering tribe, although it has a government and is otherwise organized, is not a state until it has settled down in the territory of its own.4无主地（英文课件）Terra nullius and Res communisTerra nullius refers to territory which can be acquired by a single state but which is not yet under the territorial sovereignty of that state.Res communis consists of territory that is not capable of being controlled by any single state5无害通过权A term of international law referring to a ship or aircraft's right to enter and pass through another's territory so long as it is not prejudicial to the peace, good order or security of the other state.6先占（英文课件）Occupation（不是职业，翻译为先占）Definition: It is defined as the state takes the territorial sovereignty of terra nullius intentionally.7民族自决权S elf-determination is thecompulsion or external interference.8条约保留（英文课件）reservation”means a unilateral statement, however phrased or named, made by a State, when signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or to modify the legal effect of certain provisions of the treaty in their application to that State;9庇护Asylum is A secure place of refuge. （貌似译为避护所为宜）（YOUR DICTIONARU）A country that accepted a person from another country that was in danger is an example of a country that gave asylum to that person.（/asylum）（维基百科）Right of asylum is an ancient juridical notion, under which a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in his or her own country may be10引渡Extradition is the official process whereby one nation or state surrenders asuspected or convicted criminal to another nation or state, usually under the terms of a extradition treaty.11国家责任（好像有）The laws of state responsibility are the principles governing whenany particular obligations, the rules of state responsibility determine, in general, when an obligation has been breached and the legal consequences of that violation简答题1国际法的渊源The Sources of International Law●Convention or Treaties: “International agreements concluded between states in written form and governed by International law, which can be bilateral or multilateral”●International Customs: “Evidence of a general practice accepted as law”●General Principles of Law as accepted by Civilized Nations ●Judicial Decisions of International courts and tribunals●The teachings of most highly qualified scholars of various nations●Resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly2国际法的基本原则（英文课件）Charter of the United Nations●1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members．●2．All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.●3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.●4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.●5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.●6．The Organization shall ensure that States which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security．●7. Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter；but this principle shall not prejudice the application of enforcement measures under Chapter VII．3人权的概念，特征和性质Definition and Characters of Human Rights Definition: Human Rights are the rights that all people have by virtue of being human beings. HUMAN RIGHTS are derived from the inherent dignity of the human person and are defined internationally, nationally and locally by various law making bodies.Characters a. Subjects: Universal and Particularb. Contents: Treaties and Customary lawc. Best manner: International Cooperation。