50 10t桥式起重机大车运行机构及整体结构的设计
最新十吨位桥式起重机大车运行机构设计
十吨位桥式起重机大车运行机构设计毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目：十吨位桥式起重机大车运行机构设计目录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：十吨位桥式起重机大车运行机构设计信机系机械工程及自动专业学号： 0923087学生姓名：叶宏城指导教师：陈炎冬（职称：讲师）（职称：）2012年11月25日外文资料翻译及原文英文原文：Fatigue life prediction of the metalwork of a travelling gantrycraneAbstractIntrinsic fatigue curves are applied to a fatigue life prediction problem of the metalwork of a traveling gantry crane. A crane, used in the forest industry, was studied in working conditions at a log yard, an strain measurements were made. For the calculations of the number of loading cycles, the rain flow cycle counting technique is used. The operations of a sample of such cranes were observed for a year for the average number of operation cycles to be obtained. The fatigue failure analysis has shown that failures some elements are systematic in nature and cannot be explained by random causes.卯1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Key words: Cranes; Fatigue assessment; Strain gauging1. IntroductionFatigue failures of elements of the metalwork of traveling gantry cranes LT62B are observed frequently in operation. Failures as fatigue cracks initiate and propagate in welded joints of the crane bridge and supports in three-four years. Such cranes are used in the forest industry at log yards for transferring full-length and sawn logs to road trains, having a load-fitting capacity of 32 tons. More than 1000 cranes of this type work at the enterprises of the Russian forest industry. The problem was stated to find the weakest elements limiting the cranes' fives, predict their fatigue behavior, and give recommendations to the manufacturers for enhancing the fives of the cranes.2. Analysis of the crane operationFor the analysis, a traveling gantry crane LT62B installed at log yard in the Yekaterinburg region was chosen. The crane serves two saw mills, creates a log store, and transfers logs to or out of road trains. A road passes along the log store. The saw mills are installed so that the reception sites are under the crane span. A schematic view of the crane is shown in Fig. 1.1350-6307/99/$一see front matter 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S 1 3 5 0一6307(98) 00041一7A series of assumptions may be made after examining the work of cranes:·if the monthly removal of logs from the forest exceeds the processing rate, i.e. there is a creation of a log store, the crane expects work, being above the centre of a formed pile with the grab lowered on the pile stack;·when processing exceeds the log removal from the forest, the crane expects work above an operational pile close to the saw mill with the grab lowered on the pile; ·the store of logs varies; the height of the piles is considered to be a maximum;·the store variation takes place from the side opposite to the saw mill;·the total volume of a processed load is on the average k=1.4 times more than the total volume of removal because of additional transfers.2.1. Removal intensityIt is known that the removal intensity for one year is irregular and cannot be considered as a stationary process. The study of the character of non-stationary flow of road trains at 23 enterprises Sverdlesprom for five years has shown that the monthly removal intensity even for one enterprise essentially varies from year to year. This is explained by the complex of various systematic and random effects which exert an influence on removal: weather conditions, conditions of roads and lorry fleet, etc. All wood brought to the log store should, however, be processed within one year. Therefore, the less possibility of removing wood in the season between spring and autumn, the more intensively the wood removal should be performed in winter. While in winter the removal intensity exceeds the processing considerably, in summer, in most cases, the more full-length logs are processed than are taken out.From the analysis of 118 realizations of removal values observed for one year, it is possible to evaluate the relative removal intensity g(t) as percentages of the annualload turnover. The removal data fisted in Table 1 is considered as expected values for any crane, which can be applied to the estimation of fatigue life, and, particularly, for an inspected crane with which strain measurement was carried out (see later). It would be possible for each crane to take advantage of its load turnover per one month, but to establish these data without special statistical investigation is difficult. Besides, to solve the problem of life prediction a knowledge of future loads is required, which we take as expected values on cranes with similar operation conditions.The distribution of removal value Q(t) per month performed by the relative intensityq(t) is written aswhere Q is the annual load turnover of a log store, A is the maximal designed store of logs in percent of Q. Substituting the value Q, which for the inspected crane equals 400,000 m3 per year, and A=10%, the volumes of loads transferred by the crane are obtained, which are listed in Table 2, with the total volume being 560,000 m3 for one year using K,.2.2. Number of loading blocksThe set of operations such as clamping, hoisting, transferring, lowering, and getting rid of a load can be considered as one operation cycle (loading block) of the crane. As a result to investigations, the operation time of a cycle can be modeled by the normal variable with mean equal to 11.5 min and standard deviation to 1.5 min. unfortunately, this characteristic cannot be simply used for the definition of the number of operation cycles for any work period as the local processing is extremely irregular. Using a total operation time of the crane and evaluations of cycle durations, it is easy to make large errors and increase the number of cycles compared with the real one. Therefore, it is preferred to act as follows.The volume of a unit load can be modeled by a random variable with a distribution function(t) having mean22 m3 and standard deviation 6;一3 m3, with the nominalvolume of one pack being 25 m3. Then, knowing the total volume of a processed load for a month or year, it is possible to determine distribution parameters of the number of operation cycles for these periods to take advantage of the methods of renewal theory [1].According to these methods, a random renewal process as shown in Fig. 2 is considered, where the random volume of loads forms a flow of renewals:In renewal theory, realizations of random:，，，having a distribution function F-(t),are understoodas moments of recovery of failed units or request receipts. The value of a processedload:，，after}th operation is adopted here as the renewal moment.＜t﹜. The function F-(t) is defined recurrently,Let F(t)=P﹛nLet v(t) be the number of operation cycles for a transferred volume t. In practice, the total volume of a transferred load t is essentially greater than a unit load, and it is useful therefore totake advantage of asymptotic properties of the renewal process. As follows from an appropriatelimit renewal theorem, the random number of cycles v required to transfer the large volume t hasthe normal distribution asymptotically with mean and variance.without dependence on the form of the distribution function月t) of a unit load (the restriction isimposed only on nonlattice of the distribution).Equation (4) using Table 2 for each averaged operation month,function of number of load cycles with parameters m,. and 6,., which normal distribution in Table 3. Figure 3 shows the average numbers of cycles with 95 % confidence intervals. The values of these parametersfor a year are accordingly 12,719 and 420 cycles.3. Strain measurementsIn order to reveal the most loaded elements of the metalwork and to determine a range of stresses, static strain measurements were carried out beforehand. Vertical loading was applied by hoisting measured loads, and skew loading was formed with a tractor winch equipped with a dynamometer. The allocation schemes of the bonded strain gauges are shown in Figs 4 and 5. As was expected, the largest tension stresses in the bridge take place in the bottom chord of the truss (gauge 11-45 MPa). The top chord of the truss is subjected to the largest compression stresses.The local bending stresses caused by the pressure of wheels of the crane trolleys are added to the stresses of the bridge and the load weights. These stresses result in the bottom chord of the I一beam being less compressed than the top one (gauge 17-75 and 10-20 MPa). The other elements of the bridge are less loaded with stresses not exceeding the absolute value 45 MPa. The elements connecting the support with the bridge of the crane are loaded also irregularly. The largest compression stresses take place in the carrying angles of the interior panel; the maximum stresses reach h0 MPa (gauges 8 and 9). The largest tension stresses in the diaphragms and angles of the exterior panel reach 45 MPa (causes 1 and hl.The elements of the crane bridge are subjected, in genera maximum stresses and respond weakly to skew loads. The suhand, are subjected mainly to skew loads.1, to vertical loads pports of the crane gmmg rise to on the otherThe loading of the metalwork of such a crane, transferring full-length logs, differs from that ofa crane used for general purposes. At first, it involves the load compliance of log packs because ofprogressive detachment from the base. Therefore, the loading increases rather slowly and smoothly.The second characteristic property is the low probability of hoisting with picking up. This is conditioned by the presence of the grab, which means that the fall of the rope from the spreader block is not permitted; the load should always be balanced. The possibility of slack being sufficient to accelerate an electric drive to nominal revolutions is therefore minimal. Thus, the forest traveling gantry cranes are subjected to smaller dynamic stresses than in analogous cranes for general purposes with the same hoisting speed. Usually, when acceleration is smooth, the detachment of a load from the base occurs in 3.5-4.5 s after switching on an electric drive. Significant oscillations of the metalwork are not observed in this case, and stresses smoothly reach maximum values.When a high acceleration with the greatest possible clearance in the joint between spreader andgrab takes place, the tension of the ropes happens 1 s after switching the electric drive on, theclearance in the joint taking up. The revolutions of the electric motors reach the nominal value inO.}r0.7 s. The detachment of a load from the base, from the moment of switching electric motorson to the moment of full pull in the ropes takes 3-3.5 s, the tensions in ropes increasing smoothlyto maximum. The stresses in the metalwork of the bridge and supports grow up to maximumvalues in 1-2 s and oscillate about an average within 3.5%.When a rigid load is lifted, the accelerated velocity of loading in the rope hanger and metalworkis practically the same as in case of fast hoisting of a log pack. The metalwork oscillations are characterized by two harmonic processes with periods 0.6 and 2 s, which have been obtained from spectral analysis. The worst case of loading ensues from summation of loading amplitudes so that the maximum excess of dynamic loading above static can be 13-14%.Braking a load, when it is lowered, induces significant oscillation of stress in the metalwork, which can be }r7% of static loading. Moving over rail joints of 3} mm height misalignment induces only insignificant stresses. In operation, there are possible cases when loads originating from various types of loading combine. The greatest load is the case when the maximum loads from braking of a load when lowering coincide with braking of the trolley with poorly adjusted brakes.4. Fatigue loading analysisStrain measurement at test points, disposed as shown in Figs 4 and 5, was carried out during the work of the crane and a representative number of stress oscillograms was obtained. Since a common operation cycle duration of the crane has a sufficient scatter with average value } 11.5min, to reduce these oscillograms uniformly a filtration was implemented to these signals, and all repeated values, i.e. while theconstruction was not subjected to dynamic loading and only static loading occurred, were rejected. Three characteristic stress oscillograms (gauge 11) are shown inFig. 6 where the interior sequence of loading for an operation cycle is visible. At first, stressesincrease to maximum values when a load is hoisted. After that a load is transferred to the necessary location and stresses oscillate due to the irregular crane movement on rails and over rail joints resulting mostly in skew loads. The lowering of the load causes the decrease of loading and forms half of a basic loading cycle.4.1. Analysis of loading process amplitudesTwo terms now should be separated: loading cycle and loading block. The first denotes one distinct oscillation of stresses (closed loop), and the second is for the set of loading cycles during an operation cycle. The rain flow cycle counting method given in Ref. [2] was taken advantage of to carry out the fatigue hysteretic loop analysis for the three weakest elements: (1) angle of the bottom chord(gauge 11), (2) I-beam of the top chord (gauge 17), (3) angle of the support (gauge 8). Statistical evaluation of sample cycle amplitudes by means of the Waybill distribution for these elements has given estimated parameters fisted in Table 4. It should be noted that the histograms of cycle amplitude with nonzero averages were reduced afterwards to equivalent histograms with zero averages.4.2. Numbers of loading cyclesDuring the rain flow cycle counting procedure, the calculation of number of loading cycles for the loading block was also carried out. While processing the oscillograms of one type, a sample number of loading cycles for one block is obtained consisting ofintegers with minimum and maximum observed values: 24 and 46. The random number of loading cycles vibe can be describedby the Poisson distribution with parameter =34.Average numbers of loading blocks via months were obtained earlier, so it is possible to find the appropriate characteristics not only for loading blocks per month, but also for the total number of loading cycles per month or year if the central limit theorem is taken advantage of. Firstly, it is known from probability theory that the addition of k independent Poisson variables gives also a random variable with the Poisson distribution with parameter k},. On the other hand, the Poisson distribution can be well approximated by the normal distribution with average}, and variation },. Secondly, the central limit theorem, roughly speaking, states that the distribution of a large number of terms, independent of the initial distribution asymptotically tends to normal. If the initial distribution of each independent term has a normal distribution, then the average and standard deviation of the total number of loading cycles for one year are equal to 423,096 and 650 accordingly. The values of k are taken as constant averages from Table 3.5. Stress concentration factors and element enduranceThe elements of the crane are jointed by semi-automatic gas welding without preliminary edge preparation and consequent machining. For the inspected elements 1 and 3 having circumferential and edge welds of angles with gusset plates, the effective stress concentration factor for fatigue is given by calculation methods [3],kf=2.}r2.9, coinciding with estimates given in the current Russian norm for fatigue of welded elements [4], kf=2.9.The elements of the crane metalwork are made of alloyed steel 09G2S having an endurance limit of 120 MPa and a yield strength of 350 MPa. Then the average values of the endurance limits of the inspected elements 1 and 3 are ES一l=41 MPa. Thevariation coefficient is taken as 0.1, and the corresponding standard deviation is 6S-、一4.1 MPa.The inspected element 2 is an I-beam pierced by holes for attaching rails to the top flange. The rather large local stresses caused by local bending also promote fatigue damage accumulation. According to tables from [4], the effective stress concentration factor is accepted as kf=1.8, which gives an average value of the endurance limit as ES 一l=h7 Map. Using the same variation coiffing dent th e stand arid d emit ion is 1s σ-=6.7 MPa.An average S-N curve, recommended in [4], has the form:with the inflexion point No=5·106 and the slope m=4.5 for elements 1 and 3 and m=5.5 for element 2.The possible values of the element endurance limits presented above overlap the ranges of load amplitude with nonzero probability, which means that these elements are subjected to fatigue damage accumulation. Then it is possible to conclude that fatigue calculations for the elements are necessary as well as fatigue fife prediction.6. Life predictionThe study has that some elements of the metalwork are subject to fatigue damage accumulation.To predict fives we shall take advantage of intrinsic fatigue curves, which are detailed in [5]and [6].Following the theory of intrinsic fatigue curves, we get lognormal life distribution densities for the inspected elements. The fife averages and standard deviations are fisted in Table 5. The lognormal fife distribution densities are shown in Fig. 7. It is seen from this table that the least fife is for element 3. Recollecting that an average number of load blocks for a year is equal to 12,719, it is clear that the average service fife of the crane before fatigue cracks appear in the welded elements is sufficient: the fife is 8.5 years for element 1, 11.5 years for element 2, and h years for element 3. However, the probability of failure of these elements within three-four years is notsmall and is in the range 0.09-0.22. These probabilities cannot be neglected, and services of design and maintenance should make efforts to extend the fife of the metalwork without permitting crack initiation and propagation.7. ConclusionsThe analysis of the crane loading has shown that some elements of the metalwork are subjectedto large dynamic loads, which causes fatigue damage accumulation followed by fatigue failures.The procedure of fatigue hfe prediction proposed in this paper involves tour parts:(1) Analysis of the operation in practice and determination of the loading blocks for some period.(2) Rainflow cycle counting techniques for the calculation of loading cycles for a period of standard operation.(3) Selection of appropriate fatigue data for material.(4) Fatigue fife calculations using the intrinsic fatigue curves approach.The results of this investigation have been confirmed by the cases observed in practice, and the manufacturers have taken a decision about strengthening the fixed elements to extend their fatigue lives.References[1] Feller W. An introduction to probabilistic theory and its applications, vol. 2. 3rd ed. Wiley, 1970.[2] Rychlik I. International Journal of Fatigue 1987;9:119.[3] Piskunov V(i. Finite elements analysis of cranes metalwork. Moscow: Mashinostroyenie, 1991 (in Russian).[4] MU RD 50-694-90. Reliability engineering. Probabilistic methods of calculations for fatigue of welded metalworks.Moscow: (iosstandard, 1990 (in Russian).[5] Kopnov VA. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 1993;16:1041.[6] Kopnov VA. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 1997;26:169.中文翻译龙门式起重机金属材料的疲劳强度预测摘要内在的疲劳曲线应用到龙门式起重机金属材料的疲劳寿命预测问题。
10t双梁桥式起重机
50/10t双梁桥式起重机大车运行机构及主梁设计学生姓名：学生学号：院（系）：年级专业：指导教师：助理指导教师：二〇〇七年六月摘要桥式起重机是起重运输行业中必不可少的重要设备，它的稳定性和可靠性一直受到人们的高度重视。
随着社会生产力的不断进步和生产规模的不断扩大，以及技术创新的不断深入，在大量国外先进技术引入的同时，桥式起重机的生产设计水平也在不断革新，不断提高。
结合生产实际提出了起重机大车运行机构以及主梁的几种方案，通过分析选定方案并对大车运行机构及主梁进行了设计说明，同时，也对起重机的安全检查提出了要求。
为了最大限度的利用资源，达到最大的经济效益，在此也对主梁进行了优化设计，并提出了大量安全措施，从而保证了起重机械稳定可靠的工作。
关键词：桥式起重机；大车运行机构；主梁；优化ABSTRACTThe bridge type hoist crane is the heavy objects for lifting in the transportation profession the essential important equipment, its stability and the reliability receive the people to take highly continuously. Along with social productive forces unceasing progress and scale of production unceasing expansion, as well as technological innovation unceasingly thorough, while massive overseas vanguard technology introduction, the bridge type hoist crane production design level unceasingly is also innovating, enhances unceasingly.The in coor with progress of production proposed actually the hoist crane large cart movement organization as well as king post several kind of plans, have carried on design showing through the analysis designation plan and to the large cart movement organization and the king post, simultaneously, also set the request to the hoist crane security check.For the maximum limit use resources, achieved the maximum economic efficiency, has also carried on the optimized design in this to the king post, and proposed the massive security measure, thus has guaranteed the hoisting machinery stable reliable work.Key words: Bridge type hoist crane；Large cart movement organization；King post；Optimization目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT .......................................................... I I1 绪论 (1)2 大车运行机构方案拟订以及选择 (3)2.1大车运行机构的几种常用方案 (3)2.1.1低速集中驱动 (3)2.1.2中速集中驱动 (3)2.1.3高速集中驱动 (4)2.1.4分别驱动 (5)2.2大车运行机构方案分析 (5)2.2.1低速集中驱动 (5)2.2.2中速集中驱动 (5)2.2.3高速集中驱动 (6)2.2.4分别驱动 (6)2.3大车运行机构方案选择 (6)3 主梁方案的拟订及选择 (7)3.1主梁常用的几种方案 (7)3.1.1工字钢主梁 (7)3.1.2桁架主梁 (7)3.1.3箱形主梁 (7)3.2主梁方案分析 (9)3.2.1工字钢主梁 (9)3.2.2桁架主梁 (9)3.2.3箱形主梁 (9)3.3主梁方案选择 (9)4 大车运行机构的设计 (11)4.1运行阻力的计算 (11)4.1.1摩擦阻力 (11)4.1.2坡道阻力 (13)4.1.3风阻力 (14)4.2电动机的选择 (15)4.2.1概述 (15)4.2.2电动机静功率 (15)4.2.3电动机初选 (16)4.2.4电动机过载校验 (16)4.2.5电动机发热校验 (17)4.2.6起动时间与起动平均加速度校验 (18)4.2.7选择合适的电动机型号 (18)4.3减速器的选择 (19)4.3.1减速器概述 (19)4.3.2总体设计 (19)4.3.3确定传动比 (20)4.3.4计算传动装置的传动参数 (21)4.3.5齿轮的设计 (22)4.3.6几何尺寸计算 (25)4.3.7齿轮的结构设计 (26)4.3.8低速轴设计 (26)4.3.9轴的结构设计 (27)4.3.10轴上的载荷 (30)4.3.11校核轴承的受命强验算 (30)4.3.12按弯扭合成应力校核的轴的强度 (30)4.3.13减速器型号的选择 (31)4.4制动器的选择 (31)4.4.1制动器概述 (31)4.4.2制动器相关参数的计算 (32)4.4.3制动器型号的选择 (33)4.5联轴器的选择 (34)4.6运行打滑验算 (34)4.6.1起动时不打滑按下式验算 (34)4.6.2制动时不打滑按下式验算 (35)5 主梁的设计 (36)5.1主梁跨度的确定 (36)5.2主梁上钢轨的选择 (37)5.3主梁的合理强度设计 (38)5.3.1梁的强度条件 (38)5.3.2梁的截面选择 (39)5.3.3梁的合理截面形状 (40)5.3.4变截面梁与等强度梁 (40)5.3.5梁的合理受力 (41)5.4主梁合理刚度设计 (41)5.4.1梁的刚度条件 (42)5.4.2梁的合理刚度设计 (42)5.5箱形主梁的优化设计 (44)5.5.1桥式起重机箱形主梁的结构 (44)5.5.2优化的数学模型 (47)5.5.3主梁优化设计计算方法简述 (53)5.5.4结合本设计的主梁有关参数对主梁进行优化设计 (53)6 安全检验 (59)6.1机械部分的安全要求 (59)6.1.1减速器 (59)6.1.2大车运行机构 (59)6.1.3主梁的要求 (60)6.1.4高强度螺栓 (61)6.1.5电动机 (61)6.1.6焊接质量 (62)6.2电气设备检验 (62)6.2.1 电气设备要求 (62)6.2.2电气设备安装 (63)6.2.3供电及电路要求 (64)6.2.4对主要电气元件的安全要求 (66)6.2.5电气保护装置 (66)6.2.6照明、信号 (67)结论 (68)参考文献 (69)致谢 (70)1 绪论双梁桥式起重机在工程中有着广泛的应用，日益提高的各行业生产对承担企业生产线上主要物流任务的起重机的要求也越来越高。
10T桥式起重机设计
目录第一章绪论 ............................................ 错误！未定义书签。
1.1 选题的意义 ........................................ 错误！未定义书签。
1.2 本课题的研究目的 (2)1.3 桥式起重机的研究现状 (2)第二章设计方案 (4)2.1 起重机的介绍 42.2 起重机设计的总体方案 42.2.1 主梁的设计 (4)2.2.2 小车的设计 (4)2.2.3端梁的设计 (5)2.2.4桥架的设计 (5)第三章大车行车机构的设计 (6)3.1 设计的原则和要求63.1.1 机构传动方案 (6)3.1.2 大车行车机构布局 (6)3.2 搭车行车机构的计算73.2.1 确定结构的传动方案 (7)3.2.2 选择车轮与轨道并校核其强度 (7)3.2.3 运行组里的计算 (9)3.2.4 选择电动机 (10)3.2.5 计算发动机的发热功率 (11)3.2.6 减速器的选择 (11)3.2.7 验算运行速度与实际功率 (11)3.2.8 验算启动时间 (12)3.2.9 校核减速器功率 (13)3.2.10 验算不打滑条件 (13)3.2.11 选择制动器 (15)3.2.12 选择联轴器 (16)3.2.13 验算浮动轴 (17)3.2.14 缓冲器的选择 (18)第四章端梁的设计 (20)4.1 端梁尺寸的确定214.2 端梁的计算214.3主要焊缝的计算24第五章端梁结头的设计 (26)5.1 端梁接头的确定和计算 265.2 主要螺栓和焊缝的设计 29第六章桥架的结构设计 (31)6.1 桥架的结构形式316.2 桥架的结构设计与计算 31第七章焊接工艺设计 (39)致谢 (42)参考文献 (43)附录 (44)第一章绪论1.1 选题意义起重机械用来对物料作起重、运输、装卸和安装等作业的机械设备，它可以完成靠人力无法完成的物料搬运工作，减轻人们的体力劳动，提高劳动生产率，在工厂、矿山、车站、港口、建筑工地、仓库、水电站等多个领域部门中得到了广泛的使用，随着生产规模的日益扩大，特别是现代化、专业化的要求，各种专门用途的起重机相继产生，在许多重要的部门中，它不仅是生产过程中的辅助机械，而且已成为生产流水作业线上不可缺少的重要机械设备，它的发展对国民经济建设起着积极的促进作用。
50-10t双梁中轨箱型桥式起重机设计
优秀设计目录内容摘要 (1)关键词 (1)Abstract. (2)Key words (1)1.绪论 (3)1.1桥式起重机的介绍 (3)1.2桥式起重机设计的总体方案 (3)1.3主梁和桥架的设计 (3)1.4端梁的设计 (4)2.选型计算部分 (5)2.1主起升机构的设计 (5)2.2副起升机构的设计 (8)2.3小车运行机构 (12)2.4大车运行机构的设计 (16)3.结构计算部分 (22)3.1桥架尺寸的确定 (22)3.2主梁尺寸 (22)3.3主端梁界面 (23)3.4端梁截面尺寸的确定 (24)3.5主.端梁截面几何性质 (25)3.6载荷 (26)3.7扭转载荷 (29)3.8主梁的计算 (29)3.9端梁的计算 (39)3.10稳定性 (40)3.11总功率 (42)总结 (43)参考文献 (44)致谢 (45)内容摘要：这次毕业设计是针对毕业实习中桥式起重机所做的具体到吨位级别的设计。
随着我国制造业的发展，桥式起重机越来越多的应用到工业生产当中。
在工厂中搬运重物，机床上下件，装运工作吊装零部件，流水线上的定点工作等都要用到起重机。
起重机中种数量最多，在大小工厂之中均有应用的就是小吨位的起重机，小吨位的桥式起重机广泛的用于轻量工件的吊运，在我国机械工业中占有十分重要的地位。
但是，我国现在应用的各大起重机还是仿造国外落后技术制造出来的，而且已经在工厂内应用了多年，有些甚至还是七八十年代的产品，无论在质量上还是在功能上都满足不了日益增长的工业需求。
如何设计使其成本最低化，布置合理化，功能现代化是我们研究的课题。
本次设计就是对小吨位的桥式起重机进行设计，主要设计内容是50t/10t桥式起重机的结构及运行机构，其中包括桥架结构的布置计算及校核，主梁结构的计算及校核，端梁结构的计算及校核，主端梁连接以及大车运行机构零部件的选择及校核。
关键词：起重机大车运行机构桥架主端梁小吨位Abstract：The graduation project is a bridge crane for the graduation field work done by the tonnage level specific to the design. As China's manufacturing industry, more and more applications crane to which industrial production. Carry a heavy load in the factory, machine parts up and down, the work of lifting parts of shipment, assembly line work should be fixed on the crane is used. The largest number of species of cranes, both in the size of the factory into the application is small tonnage cranes, bridge cranes small tonnage of lightweight parts for a wide range of lifting, in China's machinery industry plays a very important position. However, our current application, or copy large crane behind the technology produced abroad, and has been applied in the factory for many years, and some 70 to 80 years of products, both in quality or functionality are not growing to meet the industrial demand. How to design it the lowest cost, rationalize the layout, function modernization is the subject of our study. This design is for small tonnage bridge crane design, the main design elements are 50t/10t crane structure and operation of institutions, including the bridge structure, calculation and checking the layout, the main beam structure calculation and checking , end beams calculation and checking, the main end beam connect and run the cart and checking body parts of choice.Key words：Crane The moving mainframe Bridge Main beam and end beam Small tonnage1.绪论1.1桥式起重机的介绍桥式起重机是桥架在高架轨道上运行的一种桥架型起重机，又称天车。
全套毕业设计十吨位桥式起重机大车运行机构设计[管理资料]
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编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）题目：十吨位桥式起重机大车运行机构设计信机系机械工程及自动化专业学号：0923087学生姓名：叶宏城指导教师：陈炎冬（职称：讲师）（职称：）2013年5月25日无锡太湖学院本科毕业设计（论文）诚信承诺书本人郑重声明：所呈交的毕业设计（论文）十吨位桥式起重机大车运行机构设计是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果，其内容除了在毕业设计（论文）中特别加以标注引用，表示致谢的内容外，本毕业设计（论文）不包含任何其他个人、集体已发表或撰写的成果作品。
班级：机械92学号：0923087作者姓名：2013 年5 月25 日无锡太湖学院信机系机械工程及自动化专业毕业设计论文任务书一、题目及专题：1、题目十吨位桥式起重机大车运行机构设计２、专题二、课题来源及选题依据本次课程设计的课题来源于正常的生产实践需求。
选题的相关数据参数：起重机的起重量Q=10T，桥架跨度L=，大车运行速度Vdc=，工作类型为中级，机构运行持续率为JC%=25，起重机的估计重量G=168KN，小车的重量为Gxc=40KN，桥架采用箱形结构。
三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求：1.了解桥式起重机的大车运行机构的相关知识和工作原理。
2.完成3张A0图纸（折合）。
3.撰写设计说明书，内容包括：课题的目的、意义、国内外动态；研究的主要内容；总体方案的拟定和主要参数的设计计算；传动方案的确定及设计计算，主要工作部件的设计；主要零件分析计算和校核；参考文献。
文字在30页左右，条理清楚，计算有据，格式按无锡太湖学院学士学位论文（设计）规范化要求。
四、接受任务学生：机械92 班姓名叶宏城五、开始及完成日期：自2012年11月12日至2013年5月25日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师签名签名签名教研室主任〔学科组组长〕签名系主任签名2012年11月12日摘要桥式起重机是一种工作性能比较稳定，工作效率比较高的起重机。
10t桥式起重机设计说明书
目录目录 (I)序言 (1)第1章桥式起重机的概述 (2)1.1 桥式起重机分类及工作特点 (2)1.2 桥式起重机的用途 (4)1.3 桥式起重机的基本参数 (5)1.4 桥式起重机主要零部件 (7)1.4.1吊钩 (7)1.4.2钢丝绳 (8)1.4.3 滑轮和滑轮组 (10)1.4.4 滑轮组类型及选配原则 (11)1.5滑轮组及其滑轮组的倍率 (12)1.6 卷筒 (13)1.7 位置限位器 (13)1.8 缓冲器 (14)1.9桥式起重机发展概述 (15)1.9.1 国内桥式起重机发展动向 (15)第2章大车运行机构的设计 (18)2.1大车运行结构设计的基本思路及要求 (18)2.2 大车运行机构传动方案的确定 (18)2.3 大车运行机构具体布置时要注意的问题 (19)2.4 大车运行机构的设计计算 (19)2.4.1 大车运行结构的传动方案 (20)2.5轮压计算及强度验算 (21)2.5.1计算大车的最大轮压和最小轮压： (21)2.5.2 强度计算及校核 (22)2.6 运行阻力计算 (24)2.7 选择电动机 (25)2.8 减速器的选择 (26)2.9 验算运行速度及实际功率 (27)2.10 验算启动时间 (27)2.11 起动工况下校核减速器功率 (29)2.12 验算起动不打滑条件 (29)2.13 选择制动器 (32)2.14 选择联轴器 (33)2.15 低速浮动轴的验算 (33)2.16 缓冲器的选择 (35)第3章起升小车的计算 (37)3.1 确定机构的传动方案 (37)3.2小车运行机构的计算 (38)3.3选择车轮与轨道并验算起强度 (38)3.4运行阻力计算 (40)3.5 选电动机 (41)3.6 验算电动机发热条件 (42)3.7 选择减速器 (42)3.8 验算运行速度和实际所需功率 (43)3.9验算起动时间 (43)3.10 按起动工况校核减速器功率 (44)3.11 验算起动不打滑条件 (45)3.12 选择制动器 (46)3.13 选择高速轴联轴器及制动轮 (47)3.14 验算低速浮动轴强度 (48)3.15 起升机构的设计参数 (49)3.16 钢丝绳的选择 (50)3.17 滑轮、卷筒的计算 (52)3.18 根据静功率初选电动机 (53)3.19 减速器的选择 (54)3.20 制动器的选择 (55)3.21 启动时间及启动平均加速度的验算 (55)3.22 联轴器的选择 (56)第4章桥架结构的设计 (58)4.1 桥架的结构形式 (58)4.1.1 箱形双梁桥架的构成 (58)4.1.2 箱形双梁桥架的选材 (58)4.2 桥架结构的设计计算 (59)4.2.1 主要尺寸的确定 (59)4.2.2 主梁的计算 (61)4.3 端梁的计算 (67)4.4 端梁的尺寸的确定 (71)4.4.1 端梁总体的尺寸 (71)4.4.2端梁的截面尺寸 (71)第5章端梁接头的设计 (73)5.1 端梁接头的确定及计算 (73)5.1.1 腹板和下盖板螺栓受力计算 (74)5.1.2 上盖板和腹板角钢的连接焊缝受力计算 (75)5.2 计算螺栓和焊缝的强度 (76)5.2.1 螺栓的强度校核 (76)5.2.2 焊缝的强度校核 (77)第6章焊接工艺设计 (79)参考文献 (82)致谢 (83)序言桥式起重机是横架于车间和料场上空进行物料调运的起重设备。
5010T,跨度28m,双粱桥式起重机结构设计
50/10T,跨度28m,双粱桥式起重机结构设计1)大车轴距2)腹板尺寸3)翼缘板尺寸4)主梁尺寸第二章总体设计1.桥架尺寸的确定B=（11~46）L=（11~46）⨯22.5=6.375~4.25 m根据小车轨距和中轨箱型梁宽度以及大车运行机构的设置，取B=5 m端梁全长B=5.916m2.主梁尺寸高度h=（11~1417）L=1821~1500 mm取腹板高度h=1600 mm腹板厚度1δ=6 mm翼缘板厚度δ=24 mm主梁总高度1H=h+2δ=1648 mm主梁宽度 b=(0.4~0.5)1H=648~810 mm字腹板外侧间距 b=760 mm>60L=425 mm 且>13H=540 mm上下翼缘板相同为24 mm⨯600 mm主梁端部变截面长取 d=2350 mm.图2-1 双梁桥架结构第三章主端梁截面积几何性质B=5 mB=5.916mh=1600 mm1δ=6 mmδ=24 mm1H=1648 mmB1=b=552 mm24 mm⨯600 mmd=2350 mm1）截面尺寸1) 固定载荷图3-1 主梁与端梁截面a) 主梁截面A=(600⨯24+1600⨯6)⨯2=0.04512m2惯性矩xI=2.8164160.425436160⨯⨯⨯+⨯）（=2.13053⨯1010 mm4yI=2.250491616033454⨯⨯⨯+⨯）（=1.71202⨯109 mm4b)端梁截面A=2876020600⨯⨯+⨯）（=36160 mm2=0.03616m2xI=762802603.876⨯⨯⨯+⨯）（=4.2641⨯109 mm4yI=60237.6760.83632⨯+⨯⨯⨯（）=6.8221⨯108 mm4第四章载荷主梁自重载荷'F =kρAg⨯9.81=1.281.9104512.07850⨯⨯⨯⨯=4165.3 NA=0.04512m2xI=2.130⨯1010 mm4yI=1.712⨯109 mm4A1=0.03616m2xI1=4.264⨯109 mm4yI1=6.822⨯108 mm4'F=4165.3 N5.3.1 验算主腹板受拉翼缘板焊缝④的疲劳强度max σ=20()x xM y I δ-=3103207438.87108002.130510⨯⨯⨯=120.43MPamin σ=min 20()xM y I δ-=31076171.8108002.130510⨯⨯⨯ =28.84MPa图5-5 主梁截面疲劳强度验算点应力循环特性γ=min max σσ=28.84120.43=0.2395〉0 根据工作级别A6，应力集中等级1K 及材料Q235，查得119][1=-σMP ，b σ=370 MPa焊缝拉伸疲劳需用应力为max σ=120.43MPamin σ=28.84MPa012主梁加劲肋设置及稳定性计算.专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注.=81.40 MPa <[]σ∏=175 MPa翼缘板对中轴的静矩为yS=8⨯600⨯390=1569920 mm3τ= 22v yxF SIδ=8103215.2215699203601299⨯⨯⨯⨯=15.07 MPa折算应力为σ=223στ+=2281.40315.07+⨯=87.8 MPa<[]σ∏=175 MP截面3-3及4-4端梁支承处两个截面很近，只计算受力稍大的4-4端梁支承处为安装大车轮角轴承箱座而切成缺口并焊上两块弯板（20 mm⨯185 mm）,端部腹板两边都采用双面贴角焊缝，取fh=8 mm,支承处高度314 mm，弯板两个垂直面上都焊有车轮组定位垫板（16 mm⨯90 mm⨯340 mm）,弯板参与端梁承载工作，支承处截面（3-3及4-4）如图所示6-3图6-3 端梁支承处截面形心1y=i iA yA∑=20600428378197214130393860028378214130⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯=199.6 mm惯性矩为xI=3.4296⨯108 mm4.专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注.1）桥架的垂直静刚度第七章主梁和端梁的连接主、端梁采用连接板贴角焊缝连接，主梁两侧各用一块连接板与主、端梁的腹板焊接，连接板厚度δ=8 mm，高度1h=0.95dh=0.95⨯800=755 mm,取1h=750 mm，主梁腹板与端梁腹板之间留有20~50的间隙，在组装桥架时用来调整跨度。
大车运行机构的计算
电动双梁桥式起重机的设计题目：设计计算某机械加工车间使用的电动双梁吊钩桥式起重机包括大车运行机构，桥架，小车运行机构及起升机构。
已知数据：起重量主起升50t，副起升10t；起升高度主起升12m，副起升14m；工作速度主起升6.2m/min，副起升12.5m/min；桥架采用箱形梁式结构，桥架跨度28.5m；大车运行速度85.9m/min；小车运行速度38.5m/min；工作级别A5；机构接电持续率JC%=25%；起重机估计总重（包括小车重量）G=53.6t，小车自重11921kg；大车运行机构采用分别式驱动方式。
大车运行机构计算.1.1 确定传动机构方案跨度为28.5m,为减轻重量，决定采用分别传动的大车运行机构的布置方式，如图所示：图2-1分别传动的大车运行机构布置方式1-电动机；2-制动器；3-带制动轮的半齿连轴器；4-浮动轴；5-半齿连轴器；6-减速器；7-车轮；8-全齿轮连轴器1.2 选择车轮与轨道，并验算其强度按照图1—2所式的重量分布，计算大车车轮的最大轮压和最小轮压：图2-2轮压计算图满载时，最大轮压：Pmax=(G-Gxc)/4+(Q+Gxc)(L-e)/2L (2.1) =(536-119.21)/4+(50+11.921)(28.5-2)/(2⨯28.5)=392.08KN空载时，最小轮压：Pmin=(G-Gxc)/4+Gxc/2L (2.2) =(536-119.21)/4+119.21/(2⨯28.5)=106.29KN车轮踏面疲劳计算载荷：Pc =(2Pmax+Pmin)/3 (2.3) =(2⨯329.08+106.29)/3=296.82KN车轮材料：采用ZG340-640（调质），σb=700MPa,σs=380MPa,由[3]附表18选择车轮直径Dc=800mm,由[3]表5-1查得轨道型号为Qu70按车轮与轨道为点接触和线接触两种情况来验算车轮的接触强度点接触局部挤压强度验算：Pc"=k2 *R2*c1*c2/m3(2.4)=0.181⨯4002⨯0.99⨯1/(0.3883) =490931.51N式中 k2—许用点接触应力常数（N/mm2），由[3]表5—2查得k2=0.181。
5010t双梁桥式起重机大车运行机构与主梁的设计论文
本科毕业设计（论文）50/10t双梁桥式起重机大车运行机构与主梁设计摘要起重机可以提高了人们的劳动效率，搬动大型物件。
在厂房搬运大型零件或重型装置，桥式起重机是不可或缺的运输工具。
随着现代科学技术的迅速发展，工业生产规模的扩大和自动化程度的提高，起重机在现代化生产过程中应用越来越广，作用愈来愈大，对起重机的要求也越来越高。
尤其是计算机技术的广泛应用，许多跨学科的先进设计方法出现，促使起重机的技术进入崭新的发展阶段。
本文结合生产实际，提出了双梁起重机大车运行机构以与主梁的几种方案，通过分析确定了最终方案，对大车运行机构与主梁进行了设计，对起重机的安全检查提出了要求。
关键词：双梁桥式起重机；大车运行机构；主梁；设计ABSTRACTthe hoist crane's appearance raised people's labor efficiency greatly, before need many people the large-scale thing which spends the long time to be able to move can achieve the effect easily now with the hoist crane, particularly in the small scope moves in the process hoist crane's function is quite obvious. Transports the large-scale components or the heavy installment bridge-type hoist crane in the factory workshop may not attain lacks.along with the modern science technology's rapidly expand, the industrial production scale's expansion and automaticity's enhancement, the hoist crane applies in the modernization production process is getting more and more broad, the function is getting bigger and bigger, is also getting higher and higher to hoist crane's request. Especially computer technology's widespread application, many interdiscipline's advanced design methods appear, these urge hoist crane's technology to enter the brand-new development phase.the in coor with progress of production proposed actually the hoist crane large cart movement organization as well as king post's several kind of plans, have carried on the design notes through the analysis designation plan and to the large cart movement organization and the king post, simultaneously, also set the request to hoist crane's security check.Keywords: Double beam bridge type hoist crane; Large cart movement organization; King post; Designs目录摘要IABSTRACT (II)1 绪论12 大车运行机构方案拟订以与选择52.1大车运行机构的几种常用方案52.1.1低速集中驱动52.1.2中速集中驱动62.1.3高速集中驱动62.1.4分别驱动72.2大车运行机构方案分析72.2.1低速集中驱动82.2.2中速集中驱动82.2.3高速集中驱动82.3大车运行机构方案选择83 主梁方案的拟订与选择93.1主梁常用的几种方案93.1.1工字钢主梁93.1.2桁架主梁93.1.3箱形主梁93.2主梁方案分析113.2.1工字钢主梁113.2.2桁架主梁113.2.3箱形主梁113.3主梁方案选择114 大车运行机构的设计144.1运行阻力的计算144.1.1摩擦阻力144.1.2坡道阻力174.1.3风阻力174.2电动机的选择194.2.1概述194.2.2电动机静功率194.2.3电动机初选194.2.4电动机过载校验204.2.5电动机发热校验214.2.6起动时间与起动平均加速度校验224.2.7选择合适的电动机型号234.3减速器的选择234.3.1概述234.3.2减速器型号的选择244.4制动器的选择244.4.1制动器概述244.4.2制动器相关参数的计算264.4.3制动器型号的选择274.5联轴器的选择274.6运行打滑验算284.6.1起动时不打滑按下式验算：284.6.2制动时不打滑按下式验算：285 主梁的设计305.1主梁跨度的确定315.2主梁上钢轨的选择315.3主梁的合理强度设计335.3.1梁的强度条件335.3.2梁的合理截面形状355.3.3变截面梁与等强度梁355.3.4梁的合理受力365.4主梁合理刚度设计365.4.1梁的刚度条件365.4.2梁的合理刚度设计375.4.3梁的合理加强375.4.4梁的的跨度选取385.4.5合理安排梁的约束与加载方式386 安全检验396.1机械部分的安全要求396.1.1减速器396.1.2大车运行机构396.1.3主梁的要求416.1.4高强度螺栓426.1.5电动机426.1.6重要构件材质426.1.7焊接质量检测426.2电气设备检验426.2.1电气设备符合GB/T14406和产品图样的要求436.2.2电气设备安装436.2.3供电与电路要求446.2.4对主要电气元件的安全要求466.2.5电气保护装置466.2.6照明、信号47结论51参考文献50致511 绪论桥式起重机在冶金、矿山等行业被大量使用，尤其是电动双梁桥式起重机，凭借着其优越的起重性能、广阔的生产适用围和强大的负载能力以与其工作的稳定性在各个行业中更是有着广泛的运用。
桥式起重机电气控制毕业设计方案
10T/50桥式起重机电气控制设计摘要桥式起重机是桥架在高架轨道上运行的一种桥架型起重机，又称天车。
桥式起重机的桥架沿铺设在两侧高架上的轨道纵向运行，起重小车沿铺设在桥架上的轨道横向运行，构成一矩形的工作范围，就可以充分利用桥架下面的空间吊运物料，不受地面设备的阻碍。
桥式起重机广泛地应用在室内外仓库、厂房、码头和露天贮料场等处。
桥式起重机可分为普通桥式起重机、简易粱桥式起重机和冶金专用桥式起重机三种。
普通桥式起重机一般由起重小车、桥架运行机构、桥架金属结构组成。
起重小车又由起升机构、小车运行机构和小车架三部分组成。
起升机构包括电动机、制动器、减速器、卷筒和滑轮组。
电动机通过减速器，带动卷筒转动，使钢丝绳绕上卷筒或从卷筒放下，以升降重物。
本文重点研究起重机的控制，通过使用串电阻的调速方法已实现对电机的控制，从而控制起重机。
关键词：起重小车。
电动机；串电阻调速10T/50 bridge crane electrical control designABSTRACTBridge crane is a bridge in an elevated running track as a bridge-type crane, also known as Crane。
Bridge crane installed in the bridge along the track on both sides of the elevated vertical run，Lifting trolley along the bridge on the laying of the track in the horizontal run, which constitute the scope of work of a rectangle, you can take full advantage of the space bridge was being lifted the following materials, the hindered from ground equipment.Bridge crane widely used in indoor and outdoor warehouses, factories, docks and outdoor storage yard, etc.Bridge crane bridge crane can be divided into ordinary, simple beam bridge crane and metallurgical three special bridge crane.Lifting bodies, including the motor, brake, reducer, drum and pulley blocks。
50丨10T桥式起重机设计
前言本毕业设计的课题是：50/10T桥式起重机设计。
起重机械主要用于装卸和搬运物料，是现代化生产的重要设备。
它不仅广泛应用于工厂、矿山、港口、车站、建筑工地、电站等生产领域，而且也应用到人们的生活领域。
使用起重运输机械，能减轻工人劳动强度，降低装卸费用，减少货物的破损，提高劳动生产率，实现生产过程机械化和自动化不可缺少的机械设备。
本设计课题介绍了起重机的工作特点、用途、发展历史、组成、种类等，及桥式起重机的设计原则、参数、过程等。
其中重点介绍了小车起升机构和运行机构、大车运行机构、桥架结构的设计计算，及各重要零部件像电动机、减速器、制动器、联轴器等的选择等。
在此次设计中，我综合运用了以往所学的机械设计、机械原理、工程制图等专业知识的同时，也加深了对专业知识的理解，并提高了运用所学知识分析、解决问题的能力。
此外我也深切体会到了理论学习与生产实际的差别，通过实地学习，我消除了对所学理论知识片面的理解，一些不成熟的看法也逐渐在分析、解决问题的过程中淡去。
通过这一个多月的努力，我学到了很多，但同时也发现了自己在时间的统筹安排、创造能力的提高上存在的不足，这也为我指明了今后努力的方向。
在此次设计中，我还在图书馆、互联网上查找阅读了大量的参考资料，用来认识、理解桥式起重机的概念，帮助自己定制设计方案、步骤等。
这样不仅使自己提升的查找资料，运用各种材料、有用资源，及和自己所学知识的相结合应用，从而更好的去增加、巩固知识与获得更多知识。
总计，自己受益匪浅。
经过一个多月的努力，在指导老师和同学的帮助下，我的毕业设计顺利完成。
在此要感谢文庆明教授自始至终给予的鼓励和指导，文教授孜孜不倦的教导，让我的毕业设计的过程很顺利。
文教授认真、严谨、求实的态度也深深影响了自己，鞭策自己要不断的探索。
至此在完成课题设计之际，特向导师、各位同学表示感谢！在今后的工作学习过程中，我也会加倍努力，以这次毕业设计为契机，真正把自己的综合素质提高到一个新水平，以更大的热情投身到祖国的现代化建设中去，为中华民族复兴大业贡献自己的一份光和热！关键词：桥式起重机小车大车运行机构桥架结构目录1总述 (7)1.1起重机械的工作特点和用途 (7)1.2起重机械的历史发展 (8)1.3起重机械的组成和种类 (9)1.4桥式起重机的分类和用途 (10)1.5桥式起重机的基本参数 (12)2吊钩桥式起重机设计任务书 (14)2.1设计参数 (14)2.2工作条件 (14)2.3设计原则 (14)3小车起升机构和运行机构的计算 (14)3.1起升机构计算 (15)3.2小车运行机构计算 (32)4大车运行机构的计算 (41)4.1确定传动机构方案 (41)4.2选择车轮与轨道，并验算其强度 (41)4.3运行阻力计算 (43)4.4选择电动机 (44)4.5验算电动机发热条件 (44)4.6选择减速器 (45)4.7验算运行速度和实际所需功率 (45)4.8验算起动时间 (46)4.9起动工况下校核减数器功率 (47)4.10验算起动不打滑条件 (47)4.11选择制动器 (49)4.12选择联轴器 (50)4.13浮动轴低速轴的验算 (51)4.14浮动轴高速轴的验算 (52)5桥架结构的计算 (53)5.1主要尺寸的确定 (54)5.2主梁的计算 (56)5.3端梁的计算 (61)5.4主要焊缝的计算 (65)6总结 (67)7参考资料 (68)8 致谢 (69)１总述1.1 起重机械的工作特点和用途起重机械主要用于装卸和搬运物料，是现代化生产的重要设备。
10t单梁桥式起重机大车运行机构的设计全套图纸
优秀设计毕业论文（设计）任务书学生姓名学号年级专业及班级指导教师及职称学部20XX年9月20日填写说明一、毕业论文（设计）任务书是学院依照已经确信的毕业论文（设计）题目下达给学生的一种教学文件，是学生在指导教师指导下独立从事毕业论文（设计）工作的依据。
此表由指导教师填写。
二、此任务书必需针对每一名学生，不能多人共用。
三、选题要适当，任务要明确，难度要适中，分量要合理，使每一个学生在规定的时限内，通过自己的尽力，能够完成任务书规定的设计研究内容。
四、任务书一经下达，不得随意更改。
五、各栏填写大体要求。
（一）要紧内容和要求：1．工程设计类选题明确设计具体任务，设计原始条件及要紧技术指标；设计方案的形成（比较与论证）；该生的偏重点；应完成的工作量，如图纸、译文及运算机应用等要求。
2．实验研究类选题明确选题的来源，具体任务与目标，国内外相关的研究现状及其评述；该生的研究重点，研究的实验内容、实验原理及实验方案；运算机应用及工作量要求，如论文、文献综述报告、译文等。
3．文法经管类论文明确选题的任务、方向、研究范围和目标；对相关的研究历史和研究现状简要介绍，明确该生的研究重点；要求完成的工作量，如论文、文献综述报告、译文等。
（二）要紧参考文献与外文资料：在确信了毕业论文（设计）题目和明确了要求后，指导教师应给学生提供一些相关资料和相关信息，或划定参考资料的范围，指导学生搜集反映当前研究进展的近1－3年参考资料和文献。
外文资料是指导教师依照选题情形明确学生需要阅读或翻译成中文的外文文献。
（三）毕业论文（设计）的进度安排：1．设计类、实验研究类课题实习、调研、搜集资料、方案制定约占总时刻的20%；主体工作，包括设计、计算、绘制图纸、实验及结果分析等约占总时刻的50%；撰写初稿、修改、定稿约占总时刻的30%。
2．文法经管类论文实习、调研、资料搜集、归档整理、形成提纲约占总时刻的60%；撰写论文初稿，修改、定稿约占总时刻的40%。
QD50_10T_16.5M通用桥式计算书
通用桥式起重机计算书（QD50/10t-16.5m）编制：批准：起重机计算书第一部分主梁设计计算一、主梁设计计算1、主要参数：起重量 Q=50/10t 工作级别A5跨度 LK=16.5m小车总重 Gxc=15.425t2、主梁截面形状尺寸：上盖板δ=22mm 材料Q235-B下盖板δ=18mm 材料Q235-B腹板δ1=6mm 材料Q235-B腹板δ2=6mm 材料Q235-B腹板间距b=500mm腹板高h0=1000mm3、主梁截面性质：（1）主梁截面面积S=500*22*18+1000*6*2=210000mm2（2）半个桥架的质量：设加筋肋系数K=1.1 Gqj=K*ρ*S*Lk=1.1*7.85*10-6*210000*16500=10085kg（3）主梁均布载荷集度q=10085/16500=0.61.kg/mm（4）主梁形心位置的确定X0=226mmY0=560mmXmax=560mmYmax=226mm（5）主梁截面惯性矩的确定对于X轴Ix=(500*103/12+500*10*5052)*2+(6*10003/12)*2=0.44×1010mm4对于Y轴Iy=(10*5003/12)*2+(1000*63/12+1000*6*2232)*2 =8.04×108mm4(6)主梁截面对X轴Y轴的抗弯模数对于X轴Wxmin=Ix/Xmax=0.44×1010/560=7.86×106mm3对于Y轴Wymin=Iy/Ymax=8.04×108/226=3.56×106mm34、作用于主梁上的载荷及内力计算Ⅰ:按载荷组合IIa计算桥架重量Gqj=1.0×Gqj=20170kg小车重量Gxc=1.0×Gxc=15425kg起升载荷Qq=ΨII×Qq=1.25×(50000+1268)=64085kg ΨII取1.2（水平惯性载荷Pgy不考虑）（1）小车轮压的计算Bx=2500mm b1=1231mm b2=1329mmP1=Q q/2×b2/Bx+Gxc/4 （代入相应数值）=8438kgP2Q q/2×b1/Bx+Gxc/4 （代入相应数值）=7956kg（2）当四轮小车作用于桥架时，主梁最大的弯距截面处距A点的距离：X=[p1+p2(1-Bx/Lk)+qLk]/[2×(p1+p2)/ Lk+q] （代入相应数值）（3）由垂直载荷在主梁上产生的最大弯矩为：M c max=[p1+p2(1-Bx/Lk)+qLk]2/[2×(p1+p2)/ Lk+q]+Mg（代入相应数值）=1.004×108 kg.mmMg=RaX----有固定集中静载荷（操纵室Gc、运行机构Gy、电气设备Gd）在主梁应力最大截面处产生的弯距：Mg=RaX=3.1×107kg.mmRa-----由操纵室、运行机构、电气设备的重量产生的支反力 Gc=1500kg L1=2100mmGc=1204kg L1=800mmGc=1771kg L1=5000mmRa=[ Gc×(Lk-L1)+Gy×Lk+Gd×Lk/2]/ Lk(代入相应数值)=3789kg（4）当p1作用于A点处时，A端最大切力：Vamax=p1+p2(1-Bx/Lk)+Ra (代入相应数值)=22506.97kgⅡ: 按载荷组合IIb计算桥架重量Gqj=K II×Gqj=3856.6kg小车重量Gxc=K II×Gxc=8358kg起升载荷Qq=K II×Qq= 22515kg K II取1.1（水平惯性载荷Pgy按Pgy max考虑）(1)小车轮压的计算Bx=2500mm b1=1231mm b2=1329mmP1=Q q/2×b2/Bx+Gxc/4 （代入相应数值）=7844kgP2Q q/2×b1/Bx+Gxc/4 （代入相应数值）=7419kg(2)当四轮小车作用于桥架时，主梁的最大弯距截面处距A点的距离：X=[p1+p2(1-Bx/Lk)+qLk]/[2×(p1+p2)/ Lk+q] （代入相应数值）=8275mm(3) 由垂直载荷在主梁上产生的最大弯矩为：M c max=[p1+p2(1-Bx/Lk)+qLk]2/[2×(p1+p2)/ Lk+q]+Mg（代入相应数值）=1.01×108kg.mmMg=RaX----有固定集中静载荷（操纵室Gc、运行机构Gy、电气设备Gd）在主梁应力最大截面处产生的弯距：Mg=RaX=3.45×107kg.mmRa-----由操纵室、运行机构、电气设备的重量产生的支反力 Gc=1500kg L1=2100mmGc=1204kg L1=800mmGc=1771kg L1=5000mmRa=[ Gc×(Lk-L1)+Gy×Lk+Gd×Lk/2]/ Lk(代入相应数值) =3789kg考虑冲击系数影响Ra= K II×Ra=1.1×3789=4167.9kg (3)桥架运行产生的水平惯性载荷在两主梁上平均分布，当正常制动时作用在每根主梁上的弯距为；M s=0.8×M c max×a qj/g (代入相应数值)=0.8×1.01×108×0.2/9.8=1.65×106kg.mm当猛烈制动时M s将增加一倍M s max=2*M s=3.3×106kg.mm5、主梁强度效核对本起重机主梁均按Ⅱ类载荷进行强度计算.Q235-B设计许用应力 [ a ] II=1600kg/cm2剪切许用应力 [ r ] II=900kg/cm2挤压许用应力 [ajy] II=1700kg/cm2(1)按载荷组合IIa计算IIa a max=M c max/Wxmin (代入相应数值)=1.004×108/7.861×106=12.77kg/mm2=1378kg/cm2 < [a]当p1作用于A点处时跨端腹板剪应力r0最大r0=Vmax/0.7hlf=22506.97/0.7×6×(650-20)×2=4.253 kg/mm2=425.3 kg/mm2 < [r]强度校核通过.6、主梁的钢度校核(1)主梁静钢度计算Fmax=p1×Lk3[1+a(1-6β2)]÷48Eix≤[f]其中a=p2/p1<1=6745/7131=0.946Bx=2500mm b1=1231mm b2=1329mmP1=Q q/2×b2/Bx+Gxc/4 （代入相应数值）Q q=20468kg Gxc=7598kg=7131kgP2Q q/2×b1/Bx+Gxc/4 （代入相应数值）=6745kgβ=Bx/ Lk=2600/17500=0.1486Bx----小车轮距[f]=1/1000Lk=17.5mmf=7131×175003×[1+0.946×(1-6×0.14862)]÷[48×2.1×104×0.44×1010]=15.69mm < [f]主梁静钢度通过二、起升机构计算1、主起升机构计算(1)主要参数工作级别 M5起升载荷 Qq=50000+1268=50468kg (吊钩重量 q=1268kg)滑轮倍率 a=8起升速度 V=5.9m/min(2)选用钢丝绳型号钢丝绳所受拉力 S=Qq/2a*Л=51268/2*4*0.97=6606.7kgЛ=0.97钢丝绳破断拉力SpSp≥ns×s=6×6606.7=39640.2kgNs=6Sp=0.85*soSo=18618.4kg结果：选钢丝绳型号6W(19)-24-155-Ⅰ钢丝绳破断拉力So=19850Kg钢丝绳直径 ds=24mm卷筒计算直径 Dj=el*ds=34×24=816mmel=34取标准卷筒系列 Dj=800mm Djs=800+16.5=816.5mm起升速度(3)电动机的选择按静功率初选电动机Nj=Qq*v/6120*Л=51268×9.12/6120×0.9=65.1kwЛ=0.9电动机额定功率 Ne≥kg*Nj （考虑惯性力的影响kg=0.7） =0.7×65.1=45.57kw选用电机型号：YZR280M-10（25%）电机额定功率：Ne=55kw电机转速： nz=556rpm(4)减速机的选择计算减速机速比：i=3.14*nz*Djs/a*v=48.57取标准速比i=48.57v1= nz*3.14* Djs/a*i=9.13△=[( v1-v)/v]*100%=0.1%<10%起升速度验算在误差范围内按疲劳计算减速机Nhs=Ψhs*Ne25=1.05×55=57.75kwΨhs=1.05强度校核按输出扭矩Tmax=S×Djs=2637.6×0.5175=1318.8kg.m（考虑动力系数的影响ΨII=1.45）（考虑动力系数的影响ΨII=1.45）Tmax=1912.3kg.m最大径向力校核强度Rmax=(2s+Njt)/2=3202.5kg（考虑动力系数的影响ΨII=1.45）Rmax=4644kg减速机型号：ZQ1000 速比：48.57（I=48.57时减速机容许输入功率57kw输出轴容许最大扭矩5950kgm最大径向载荷9250kg）验算合格(5)制动器的选择支持载荷所需的制动力矩MzMz=ns*Qq*Djs*Л/2a*i=1.75×51268×0.5175×0.9/(2×4×31.5)=66.2kg.m=662N.m≤Mez(Mez取1600N.m)Ns=1.75 Л=0.9Mez----制动器额定制动力矩制动器型号：YWZ-400 制动力矩：1×1600 N.m(6)卷筒计算Dj=800mm=0.5mDjs=816.5mm=0.8175m查取绳槽节距P=28mmDn=456mmδ=(Dj-Dn)/2=22mm起升高度H=16m安全圈数L1=n*P=40mm（安全圈数n不小于2，取2）固定钢丝绳2L2=2*3*P=120mm光滑面L光滑=120mm螺旋槽部分2L0=2a*H*P/3.14*Djs=1575卷筒长度L=2L0+L1+2L2+L光滑=1575+40+120+120=1855mm考虑两端留有一定的退刀余量取L=2000mm卷筒压应力验算σy=ξ*ΨII*S/δ*P(1-δ/Dj)=1.0×1.45×2637.6/22×20×(1-10/500)=9.05kg/mm2<[σy]ξ=1.0Ψ=1.45σy=75kg/ mm2[σy]= σy/5=15 kg/ mm2卷筒壁抗压强度验算合格L=2000>3D=1500故需验算弯曲的影响σ1=Mw/W+{[σy]/ [σy]}*σy1=ΨII*S*[(L-L光滑)/2]/[0.1(Dj4-Dn4)/Dj]+[(σb/5)/ (σb/5)]*[ ξ*ΨII*S/δ*P*(1-δ/Dj)] =3.95 kg/ mm2<[σ1]σb=25 kg/ mm2[σ1]= σb/5=5 kg/ mm2卷筒受合成拉应力验算合格2、参照主起升的计算过程副起升机构计算副起升机构(1) 主要参数工作级别 M5起升载荷 Qq=10000+285=10285kg (吊钩重量 q=285kg) 滑轮倍率 a=4起升速度 V=13.2m/min(2) 选用钢丝绳型号钢丝绳所受拉力 S=Qq/2a*Л=5102/2*2*0.99=1288.4kgЛ=0.99钢丝绳破断拉力SpSp≥ns×s=5.5×1288.4=7086kgNs=5.5Sp=0.85*soSo=8336.7.4kg结果：选钢丝绳型号6W(19)-14.5-155-Ⅰ钢丝绳破断拉力So=11500Kg钢丝绳直径 ds=14.5mm卷筒计算直径 Dj=el*ds=25×13.5=337.5mmel=25取标准卷筒系列 Dj=400mm Djs=400+13.5=413.5mm(3)电动机的选择按静功率初选电动机Nj=Qq*v/6120*Л=5102×19.7/6120×0.9=18.24kwЛ=0.9电动机额定功率 Ne≥kg*Nj （考虑惯性力的影响kg=0.8） =0.8×18.24=14.6kw选用电机型号：YZR200L-6（25%）电机额定功率：Ne=26kw电机转速： nz=961rpm(4)减速机的选择计算减速机速比：i=3.14*nz*Djs/a*v=31.53取标准速比i=31.5v1= nz*3.14* Djs/a*i=9.13△=[( v1-v)/v]*100%=0.1%<10%起升速度验算在误差范围内按疲劳计算减速机Nhs=Ψhs*Ne25=1.05×26=27.3kwΨhs=1.05强度校核按输出扭矩Tmax=S×Djs=2637.6×0.5175=1318.8kg.m（考虑动力系数的影响ΨII=1.45）（考虑动力系数的影响ΨII=1.45）Tmax=1912.3kg.m最大径向力校核强度Rmax=(2s+Njt)/2=3202.5kg（考虑动力系数的影响ΨII=1.45）Rmax=4644kg减速机型号：ZQ500 速比：31.5（I=31.5时减速机容许输入功率29kw输出轴容许最大扭矩5950kgm最大径向载荷9250kg）验算合格(5)制动器的选择支持载荷所需的制动力矩MzMz=ns*Qq*Djs*Л/2a*i=1.75×5102×0.5175×0.9/(2×4×31.5)=21.2kg.m=212N.m≤Mez(Mez取800N.m)Ns=1.75 Л=0.9Mez----制动器额定制动力矩制动器型号：YWZ-200 制动力矩：1×800 N.m三、小车运行机构计算(1)主要参数起升载荷Qq=51268kg小车自重G=15245kg车轮直径D=50cm轴承直径d=10cm电机数目m=1运行速度V=38.5m/min(2)阻力的计算摩擦阻力Pm max=(Qq+G)×(2u+df)/D×Kf （代入相应数值）=384.9kgKf=1.6 Kp=0.002 u=0.05 f=0.02 d=10 D=35Pm max=(2u+df)/D=240.6kg坡度阻力Pp=(Qq+G)×Kp （代入相应数值）=56.1kgKp=0.002Pj=Pm max+Pp=441kg(3)满载运行时电机静功率Nj=Pj*v/6120*Л=441×44.2/6120×0.9=3.54kw由于起动加速过程惯性力的影响，电动机的应选功率为：N=Kg*Nj=1.1×3.54=3.89kw(Kg=1.1)选用电动机型号：YZR160M2-6 （25%）电机额定功率Ne=8.5kw电机转速 nz=930ypm(4)减速机的计算速比计算：i=3.14*nz*D/v=22.38取标准速比i=22.4v1= nz*3.14* D/i=44.16rpm△=[( v1-v)/v]*100%=0.1%<10%运行速度验算在误差范围内按疲劳计算减速机Nhs=Ψhs*Ne25=1.4ξ×4=5.26kwG/(G+Qq)=7598/(7598+20648)=0.27<0.3查取修正系数ξ=0.94按强度计算减速机输出轴上的最大扭矩Mmax=Ψhs*Me25*i*Л=2.3×975×4/900×22.4×0.9=200.9kgm选用减速机型号：ZSC-600 速比：37.9验算合格(5)制动器的选择所选制动器应使起重机在满载、下坡情况下停车所需制动力矩Mz=Ms+1/tz[1.2*GD*n*m/375+0.975(Qq+G)v2/n]Ms=pjs*D*Л/2i=-184.5×0.35×0.9/(2×22.4)=-1.297kgPjs=Pp-Pm min=-184.5kgGD2=0.28kgm2 v=0.74m/sec n=900 tz取5secMz=-1.297+3.13=1.84kgm=18.4n.m选用一台制动器选用制动器型号：YWZ-200/45 制动力矩：200N.m三、大车运行机构计算机构按跨度分为两种，跨度≤22.5m为第一种，≥22.5m为第二种.参数按≥22.5m时取(1)主要参数起升载荷Qq=51268kg小车自重G=15425kg车轮直径D=80cm轴承直径d=10cm电机数目m=2运行速度V=74.6m/min(2)阻力的计算摩擦阻力Pm max=(Qq+G)×(2u+df)/D×Kf （代入相应数值）=547.2kgKf=1.5 u=0.08 f=0.02Pm max=(2u+df)/D=364.8kg坡度阻力Pp=(Qq+G)×Kp （代入相应数值）=60.8kgKp=0.001Pj=Pm max+Pp=608kg(3)满载运行时一个电机静功率Nj=Pj*v/6120*Л=4.15kw由于起动加速过程惯性力的影响，一个电动机的应选功率为：N=Kg*Nj=1.5×4.15=13kw (Kg=1.5)选用电动机型号：YZR160L-6 （25%）电机额定功率Ne=13kw电机转速 nz=935ypm(4)减速机的计算速比计算：i=3.14*nz*D/v=23.05v1= nz*3.14* D/i=75.28rpm△=[( v1-v)/v]*100%=0.1%<10%运行速度验算在误差范围内按疲劳计算减速机Nhs=Ψhs*Ne25=1.4ξ×6.3=10.32kwG/(G+Qq)=40329/(40329+20648)=0.66查取修正系数ξ=1.17按强度计算减速机输出轴上的最大扭矩Mmax=Ψhs*Me25*i*Л=2.3×975×6.3/921×23.05×0.9=318.2kgm选用减速机型号：ZQ-500 速比：31.5（i=3.15时减速机容许输入功率13kw）验算合格(5)制动器的选择所选制动器应使起重机在满载、下坡情况下停车所需制动力矩Mz=Ms+1/tz[1.2*GD*n*m/375+0.975(Qq+G)v2/n]Ms=pjs*D*Л/2i=-304×0.6/(2×23.05)=-3.56kgPjs=Pp-Pm min=-304kgGD2=0.48kgm2 v=1.25m/sec n=921 tz取5sec Mz=-3.56+18.8=15.2kgm=152n.m选用一台制动器选用制动器型号：YWZ-200 制动力矩：2×200N.m。
5010T,跨度28m,双粱桥式起重机结构设计方案
50/10T,跨度28m,双粱桥式起重机结构设计方案1)大车轴距2)腹板尺寸3)翼缘板尺寸4)主梁尺寸B=（11~46）L=（11~46）⨯22.5=6.375~4.25 m根据小车轨距和中轨箱型梁宽度以及大车运行机构的设置，取B=5 m端梁全长B=5.916m2.主梁尺寸高度h=（11~1417）L=1821~1500 mm取腹板高度h=1600 mm腹板厚度1δ=6 mm翼缘板厚度δ=24 mm主梁总高度1H=h+2δ=1648 mm主梁宽度 b=(0.4~0.5)1H=648~810 mm字腹板外侧间距 b=760 mm>60L=425 mm 且>13H=540 mm上下翼缘板相同为24 mm⨯600 mm主梁端部变截面长取 d=2350 mm.图2-1 双梁桥架结构第三章主端梁截面积几何性质B=5 mB=5.916mh=1600 mm1δ=6 mmδ=24 mm1H=1648 mmB1=b=552 mm24 mm⨯600 mmd=2350 mm1）截面尺寸图3-1 主梁与端梁截面a) 主梁截面A=(600⨯24+1600⨯6)⨯2=0.04512m2惯性矩xI=2.8164160.425436160⨯⨯⨯+⨯）（=2.13053⨯1010 mm4yI=2.250491616033454⨯⨯⨯+⨯）（=1.71202⨯109 mm4b)端梁截面A=2876020600⨯⨯+⨯）（=36160 mm2=0.03616m2xI=762802603.876⨯⨯⨯+⨯）（=4.2641⨯109 mm4yI=60237.6760.83632⨯+⨯⨯⨯（）=6.8221⨯108 mm4第四章载荷主梁自重载荷'F =kρAg⨯9.81=1.281.9104512.07850⨯⨯⨯⨯=4165.3 NA=0.04512m2xI=2.130⨯1010 mm4yI=1.712⨯109 mm4A1=0.03616m2xI1=4.264⨯109 mm4yI1=6.822⨯108 mm4=3103207438.87108002.130510⨯⨯⨯ =120.43MPamin σ=min 20()xM y I δ-=31076171.8108002.130510⨯⨯⨯ =28.84MPa图5-5 主梁截面疲劳强度验算点应力循环特性γ=min max σσ=28.84120.43=0.2395〉0 根据工作级别A6，应力集中等级1K 及材料Q235，查得119][1=-σMP ，b σ=370 MPa焊缝拉伸疲劳需用应力为[]rl σ=111.67[][]1(1)0.45brσσσ----min M =768171.8 Nmmax σ=120.43MPamin σ=28.84MPa012主梁加劲肋设置及稳定性计算.专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注.=81.40 MPa <[]σ∏=175 MPa翼缘板对中轴的静矩为yS=8⨯600⨯390=1569920 mm3τ= 22v yxF SIδ=8103215.2215699203601299⨯⨯⨯⨯=15.07 MPa折算应力为σ=223στ+=2281.40315.07+⨯=87.8 MPa<[]σ∏=175 MP截面3-3及4-4端梁支承处两个截面很近，只计算受力稍大的4-4端梁支承处为安装大车轮角轴承箱座而切成缺口并焊上两块弯板（20 mm⨯185 mm）,端部腹板两边都采用双面贴角焊缝，取fh=8 mm,支承处高度314 mm，弯板两个垂直面上都焊有车轮组定位垫板（16 mm⨯90 mm⨯340 mm）,弯板参与端梁承载工作，支承处截面（3-3及4-4）如图所示6-3图6-3 端梁支承处截面形心1y=i iA yA∑=20600428378197214130393860028378214130⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯=199.6 mm惯性矩为xI=3.4296⨯108 mm4σ<[]σ∏.专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注..专业.专注.1）桥架的垂直静刚度第七章主梁和端梁的连接主、端梁采用连接板贴角焊缝连接，主梁两侧各用一块连接板与主、端梁的腹板焊接，连接板厚度δ=8 mm，高度1h=0.95dh=0.95⨯800=755 mm,取1h=750 mm，主梁腹板与端梁腹板之间留有20~50的间隙，在组装桥架时用来调整跨度。
10t桥式起重机总体设计(全套图纸)
摘要本次毕业设计是针对毕业实习中桥式起重机所做的具体到吨位级别的设计。
我国现在应用的各大起重机还是仿造国外落后技术制造出来的，而且已经在工厂内应用了多年，有些甚至还是七八十年代的产品，无论在质量上还是在功能上都满足不了日益增长的工业需求。
如何设计使其成本最低化，布置合理化，功能现代化是我们研究的课题。
本次设计就是对小吨位的桥式起重机进行设计，主要设计内容是10t桥式起重机的结构及运行机构，其中包括桥架结构的布置计算及校核，主梁结构的计算及校核，端梁结构的计算及校核，主端梁连接以及大车运行机构零部件的选择及校核包括: 轮压计算及强度验算, 运行阻力计算,选择电动机,减速器的选择验算,运行速度及实际功率,选择制动器,选择联轴器,低速浮动轴的验算,缓冲器的选择等计算。
还有小车的运行和起升机构零部件的选择及校核包括: 运行阻力计算，选电动机，选择减速器验算起动时间，按起动工况校核减速器功率，选择制动器，选择高速轴联轴器及制动轮，验算低速浮动轴强度，钢丝绳的选择，滑轮、卷筒的计算，联轴器的选择。
关键词: 起重机；大车运行机构；小车运行结构；小车起升结构；桥架；主端梁AbstractThe graduation design is aimed at the graduation fieldwork medium-sized crane do specific to tonnage level of design. Our country is the application of the big crane or counterfeit foreign backward technology out of manufacture and has within the plant for many years, some even application or the 70s and 80s products, both in quality and in on the function can't satisfy the growing industrial demand. How to design makes it the lowest cost, decorate rationalization, functional modernization is our topic. This design is on small tonnage design of bridge crane, the main design content is 10t bridge crane structure and operation organization, including bridge structure arrangement calculation and checking the structure of the girder, the calculation and checking, calculated and checked the beam structure, the main girders connection and cart mechanism parts selection and checking including: wheel pressure calculation and intensity checking, running friction calculation, the choice of motor, gear reducer is checked, choose speed and actual power, choose brakes, choose coupling calculating speed floating axis, buffer choice calculation, etc. And car running and lifting mechanism parts selection and checking including: running friction calculation, choose motor, choose reducer, by starting checked start-up time check reducer power, choose working brakes, choose high-speed couplings and brake wheel, the checking low-speed axial intensity, the wire rope floating choice, pulley, drum calculation, coupling choice.Keywords: cranes; During operation organization; Car running structure; Car hoisting structure; Bridge; Main girders目录摘要 (1)Abstract (2)前言 (1)第1章桥式起重机的概述 (2)1.1 桥式起重机的特点 (2)1.2 桥式起重机的用途 (4)1.3 桥式起重机的基本参数 (5)1.4 桥式起重机主要零部件 (9)1.4.1吊钩 (9)1.4.2钢丝绳 (10)1.4.3 滑轮和滑轮组 (13)1.4.4 滑轮组类型及选配原则 (14)1.5滑轮组及其滑轮组的倍率 (15)1.6 卷筒 (16)1.7 位置限位器 (16)1.8 缓冲器 (17)1.9桥式起重机发展概述 (18)1.9.1 国内桥式起重机发展动向 (18)1.9.2 国外桥式起重机的发展动向 (19)第2章大车运行机构的设计 (20)2.1大车运行结构设计的基本思路及要求 (20)2.2 大车运行机构传动方案的确定 (21)2.3 大车运行机构具体布置时要注意的问题 (21)2.4 大车运行机构的设计计算 (22)2.4.1 大车运行结构的传动方案 (22)2.5轮压计算及强度验算 (23)2.5.1计算大车的最大轮压和最小轮压 (23)2.5.2 强度计算及校核 (24)2.6 运行阻力计算 (26)2.7 选择电动机 (27)2.8 减速器的选择 (29)2.9 验算运行速度及实际功率 (29)2.10 验算启动时间 (30)2.11 起动工况下校核减速器功率 (32)2.12 验算起动不打滑条件 (32)2.13 选择制动器 (35)2.14 选择联轴器 (36)2.15 低速浮动轴的验算 (37)2.16 缓冲器的选择 (38)第3章起升小车的计算 (41)3.1 确定机构的传动方案 (41)3.2小车运行机构的计算 (42)3.3选择车轮与轨道并验算起强度 (42)3.4运行阻力计算 (44)3.5 选电动机 (46)3.6 验算电动机发热条件 (46)3.7 选择减速器 (47)3.8 验算运行速度和实际所需功率 (47)3.9验算起动时间 (48)3.10 按起动工况校核减速器功率 (49)3.11 验算起动不打滑条件 (50)3.12 选择制动器 (51)3.13 选择高速轴联轴器及制动轮 (51)3.14 验算低速浮动轴强度 (53)3.15 起升机构的设计参数 (54)3.16 钢丝绳的选择 (55)3.17 滑轮、卷筒的计算 (56)3.18 根据静功率初选电动机 (58)3.19 减速器的选择 (58)3.20 制动器的选择 (60)3.21 启动时间及启动平均加速度的验算 (60)3.22 联轴器的选择 (61)第4章桥架结构的设计 (62)4.1 桥架的结构形式 (62)4.1.1 箱形双梁桥架的构成 (63)4.1.2 箱形双梁桥架的选材 (63)4.2 桥架结构的设计计算 (63)4.2.1 主要尺寸的确定 (63)4.2.2 主梁的计算 (66)4.3 端梁的计算 (72)4.4 端梁的尺寸的确定 (78)4.4.1 端梁总体的尺寸 (78)4.4.2端梁的截面尺寸 (78)第5章端梁接头的设计 (79)5.1 端梁接头的确定及计算 (79)5.1.1 腹板和下盖板螺栓受力计算 (80)5.1.2 上盖板和腹板角钢的连接焊缝受力计算 (81)5.2 计算螺栓和焊缝的强度 (82)5.2.1 螺栓的强度校核 (82)5.2.2 焊缝的强度校核 (83)总结 (87)致谢 (89)参考文献 (89)前言桥式起重机是横架于车间和料场上空进行物料调运的起重设备。
10吨桥式起重机设计
毕业论文10t桥式起重机小车起升机构作者姓名颜景熠指导导师姓名纪宏毕业班级冶机072 学科类别工学学科专业名称冶金机械论文提交日期2007年6 论文答辩日期2007.06.20答辩委员会成员评阅人辽宁科技学院2007年6A Thesis in Metallurgical MachinerySteel Roll Machineryby Yan JingyiSupervisor：Prelector JiHongJune 2007毕业设计（论文）任务书毕业设计论文题目：10t桥式起重机大车运行机构毕业设计论文内容： 1.传动方案选择2.起重机力能参数计算3.常用标准件选择计算4.主要零件疲劳强度计算5.编写设计说明书毕业设计论文专题部分：指导教师：签字年月日教研室主任：签字年月日系主任：签字年月日毕业设计论文评语指导教师评语：成绩：指导教师：（签字）年月日评阅人评语：成绩：指导教师：（签字）年月日毕业设计论文答辩成绩及总成绩评定毕业设计论文答辩委员会成员于年月日审查了专业学生的毕业设计论文论文题目：10t桥式起重机大车运行机构设计论文专题：起重机大车超载限制器设计论文说明书共15 页，设计图纸共 2 张指导教师：纪宏评阅人：毕业设计论文答辩委员会意见：答辩成绩：总成绩：答辩委员会主任委员：年月日摘要桥式起重机运行大车中最主要的结构有：电动机，减速器，联轴器，等等。
桥式起重机的大车设有起升机构和小车运行机构，为使小车轮压呈均匀分布，应对大车的机构布置进行优化设计，以知大车轨迹和轴矩为例，以车轮轮压均匀分配为目标函数，按单钩起重大车的条件提出约束条件，对优化设计的结果进行分析如下：首先，电动机——起重机械的驱动电动机要根据所需功率、最大转矩、接电持续率、起动等级、控制类型、速度变化范围、供点方式、保护等级、环境温度与使用地区海拔高度等因素进行选择。
其次，减速器——起重机械设计时，根据理论指导和工作经验，对机构形式、中心距、公称传动比及齿轮参数的选择应遵守原则和注意事项。
50T10T桥式起重机结构设计
绪论桥式起重机是桥架型起重机的一种，其常用类型是箱形双梁桥式起重机，是有一个两根箱形主梁和两根横向端梁构成的双梁桥架，它依靠起升机构和在水平面内的两个相互垂直方向移动的运行机构，它广泛应用在室内外仓库、机械加工车间、装配车间、码头和露天贮料场等场合。
桥式起重机一般有大车运行机构的桥架、装有起升机构和小车运行机构的起重小车、电气设备、司机室等几大部分组成。
起重小车又分为主起升机构、副起升机构和小车桥架三部分组成，起升机构用来垂直升降物品，起重小车用来带着载荷作横向移动，以达到在跨度内和规定高度内组成的三维空间里做搬运和装卸货物用。
桥式起重机是使用最广泛、拥有量最大的一种轨道运行式起重机，其额定起重量从几吨到几百吨。
最基本的形式是通用吊钩桥式起重机，其他形式的桥式起重机都是在通用吊钩桥式起重机的基础上派生发展出来的。
其结构具有加工零件少、工艺性好、通用性好及机构安装检修方便等一系列优点，因此在生产中得到广泛采用。
1.1桥式起重机发展概述1.1.1 国内桥式起重机发展动向国内桥式起重机发展有三大特征：1）、改进机械结构，减轻自重国内桥式起重机多已经采用计算机优化设计，以此提高整机的技术性能和减轻自重，并在此前提下尽量采用新结构。
如5～50t通用桥式起重机中采用半偏轨的主梁结构。
与正轨箱形相比，可减少或取消加筋板，减少结构重量，节省加工工时。
2）、充分吸收利用国外先进技术起重机大小车运行机构采用了德国Demang公司的“三合一”驱动装置，吊挂于端梁内侧，使其不受主梁下挠和振动的影响，提高了运行机构的性能和寿命，并使结构紧凑，外观美观，安装维修方便。
遥控起重机的需要量随着生产发展页越来越大，宝钢在考察国外钢厂起重机之后，提出大力发展遥控起重机的建议，以提高安全性，减少劳动力。
3）、向大型化发展由于国家对能源工业的重视和资助，建造了许多大中型水电站，发电机组越来越大。
特别是长江三峡的建设对大型起重机的需求量迅速提升。
50吨桥式起重机大车机构设计【文献综述】
2 国外起重机的发展动向 2.1、重点产品大型化，高速化和专用化。
由于工业生产规模不断扩大，生产效率日益提高，以及产品生产过程中物料装卸搬运 费用所占比例逐渐增加，促使大型或高速起重机的需求量不断增长，起重量越来越大，工 作速度越来越高，并对能耗和可靠性提出更高的要求。目前世界上最大的履带起重机起重 量 3000t，最大的桥式起重机起生日一 1200t，集装箱岸连装卸桥小车的最大运行速度已达 350m/min，堆垛起重机级最大运行速度 240m／min，垃圾处理用起重机的起升速度达 100m ／min。 2.2、系列产品模块化、组合化和标准化
走台采用悬臂式走台，其宽度决定于端梁的长度和大车运行机构的平面布置尺寸。走 台可以做成等宽的，即外边是平直的；为了减轻结构自重，也可以将跨度中间的走台宽度 减小，即外边向里凹折的。
箱形梁式桥架结构在桥式起重机中应用最普遍的桥架结构，因为箱形梁式桥架结构(特 别是小车轨道正中铺设的正轨型)具有设计简单、制造工艺性好等优点，而这些有利条件对 于尺寸规格多、生产批量较大的桥式起重机标准化系列产品来说，就显得更为重要。
箱形梁式桥架结构主要是由两根主梁和两根端两梁所组成。主梁是由上、下盖板和两 块垂直腹板组成封闭的箱形截面的实体板梁结构。小车运行的轨道铺设在主梁上盖板的正 中间，因此两根主梁的间距便取决与小车的轨距。桥架的两端梁间的距离决定于桥架的跨 度大小。
文献综述
机械设计制造及其自动化 50 吨桥式起重机大车机构设计
一、起重机概述 随着社会劳动生产的发展，在现代工矿企业、车站港口、料场仓库、建筑工地、林区 农场、食品加工和国防建设等国民经济各部门越来越广泛地使用各种起重机运输机械，进 行装卸、运转、输送、分配等生产作业。它是减轻工人劳动强度、降低装卸费用、揽胜劳 动生产率、实现生产过程机械化和自动化不可缺少的机械设备。 起重机是以反复短暂的工作循环方式完成货物装卸货设备安装作业的。一个工作循环 包括：取物、货物上升、水平运动、下降、卸载，然后空吊具返回原地。 桥式起重机是桥架在高架轨道上运行的一种桥架型起重机，又称天车。桥式起重机的 桥架沿铺设在两侧高架上的轨道纵向运行，起重小车沿铺设在桥架上的轨道横向运行，构 成一矩形的工作范围，就可以充分利用桥架下面的空间吊运物料，不受地面设备的阻碍。 它具有承载能力大，工作可靠性高，制造工艺相对简单等优点 二、起重机国内与国外发展动向 起重机作为一种古老的机械，时至今日，在其承载结构、驱动机构、取物装置、控制 系统及安全装置等各方面都有了很大的发展，其设计理论、制造工艺、检测手段等都逐渐 趋于完善和规范化，并已经成为一种较完善的机械。但由于生产发展提出新的使用要求， 起重机的种类、形式也需要相应地发展和创新，性能参数也需要不断变化与究善。由于现 代化设计方法的建立和计算机辅助设计等现代设计手段的应用，使起重机设计思维观念和 方法有了进一步的更新，其它技术领域和相邻工业部门不断取得的新科技成果在起重机上 的渗透、推广应用等，更使起重机的各方面不断地丰富更新。因此，起重机将向现代化、 智能化、更安全可靠方便的方向发展。 2 国内桥式起重机发展动向 加入世贸组织后，虽然国内市场(特别是配套件)将受到较大冲击，但同时也给我们带 来新技术的应用，使国内主机和配套件企业更清晰认识到差距，更多地了解国产产品存在 的致命问题，必将引导主机和配套件企业的技术创新和技术进步。 国内工程机械产品近十年来随着技术的引进、消化、吸收，有了长足的进步，产品性
50t天车设计计算书
Pmmax=（Qq+G）·（2H+df）·（Kf）/D
Qq=50000kg
G=11000kg（小车）53000kg（大车）
μ=0.06（小车）0.1（大车）f=0.02
d=12cm（小车）15cm（大车）
D=50cm（小车）80cm（大车）
则小车摩擦阻力
Pmmax=（50000+11000）×（2×0.06+12×0.02）×1.5/50
产品名称
通用桥式起重机
产品编号
2009-024
规格型号
QD50/10-28.5A5
合同号
计算内容
结论
则小车运行机构
1/（1×1.7）×｛[5.2×105×（0.006+0）+0]×0.633/（1000×0.96）+0.68×9302/（365000×5）｝=1.76kw
大车运行机构
1/（2×1.7）×｛[1.01×106×（0.006+0）+0]×0.8/（1000×0.96）+5.28×9302/（365000×6）｝=2.25kw
2009-024
规格型号
QD50/10-28.5A5
合同号
计算内容
结论
根据GB/T3811的规定，副起升工作级别M5，制动器安全系数n取为1.5
静载力矩：
Mj=9550×26/715=320N·m
则nMj=1.5×320=480N·m
选用制动器YWZ4-300/50 推动器Ed50/6
其额定制动力矩MZ=630N·m
Pn=5.5kw≥1.76kw （小车）
Pn=7.5kw≥2.25kw （大车）
大、小车运行机构电动机过载校验通过
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1绪论·······························································1.1 桥式起重机的介绍·············································1.2 桥式起重机设计的总体方案·····································1.2.1主梁和桥架的设计··············································1.2.2端梁的设计····················································2 小车机构的设计···············································2.1 小车主起升机构的计算·······································2.1.1确定机构传动方案··············································2.1.2小车车轮与轨道的选择及其强度校核······························2.1.3运行阻力运算··················································2.1.4选择电动机····················································2.1.5验算电动机的发热条件··········································2.1.6减速器的选择··················································2.1.7验算运行速度和实际所需功率···································2.1.8验算起动时间··················································2.1.9起动工况下校核减速器功率······································2.1.10验算启动不打滑条件···········································2.1.11选择制动器··················································2.1.12选择联轴器··················································2.1.13浮动轴的验算················································2.1.14缓冲器的选择················································2.2 小车副起升机构的计算·······································2.2.1确定机构传动方案··············································2.2.2小车车轮与轨道的选择及其强度校核······························2.2.3运行阻力运算··················································2.2.4选择电动机····················································2.2.5验算电动机的发热条件··········································2.2.6减速器的选择··················································2.2.7验算运行速度和实际所需功率···································2.2.8验算起动时间··················································2.2.9起动工况下校核减速器功率······································2.2.10验算启动不打滑条件···········································2.2.11选择制动器··················································2.2.12选择联轴器··················································2.2.13浮动轴的验算················································2.3 小车运行机构方案···············································2.3.1 小车运行机构设计2.3.2 确定小车轨距和小车轮距3 大车运行机构的设计···············································3.1 设计的基本原则和要求·········································3.1.1机构传动方案··················································3.1.2大车运行机构具体布置的主要问题································3.2 大车运行机构的计算·········································3.2.1确定机构传动方案··············································3.2.2大车车轮与轨道的选择及其强度校核······························3.2.3运行阻力运算··················································3.2.4选择电动机····················································3.2.5验算电动机的发热条件··········································3.2.6减速器的选择··················································3.2.7验算运行速度和实际所需功率···································3.2.8验算起动时间··················································3.2.9起动工况下校核减速器功率······································3.2.10验算启动不打滑条件···········································3.2.11选择制动器··················································3.2.12选择联轴器··················································3.2.13浮动轴的验算················································3.2.14缓冲器的选择················································4 大梁桥架和端梁的设计与计算······································4.1 桥架主要尺寸的确定········································4.1.1大车轮距·····················································4.1.2主梁高度·····················································4.1.3端梁高度·····················································4.1.4桥架端部梯形高度·············································4.1.5主梁腹板高度·················································4.1.6确定主梁截面尺寸·············································4.1.7加劲板的布置尺寸·············································4.2 主梁的计算··················································4.2.1计算载荷确定·················································4.2.3主梁水平最大弯矩·············································4.2.4主梁的强度验算···············································4.2.5主梁的垂直刚度验算···········································4.2.6主梁的水平刚度验算···········································4.3 端梁的计算··············································4.3.1计算载荷的确定···············································4.3.2端梁垂直最大弯矩·············································4.3.3梁的水平弯矩·················································4.3.4端梁截面尺寸的确定···········································4.3.5端梁的强度验算···············································4.4 主要焊缝的计算··············································4.4.1端梁端部上翼缘焊缝···········································4.4.2端梁端部下翼缘焊缝···········································4.4.3主梁与端梁的连接焊缝·········································4.4.4主梁上盖板焊缝···············································结束语······················································参考文献·······················································致谢···················································第一章绪论1.1 桥式起重机的介绍桥式起重机是桥架在高架轨道上运行的一种桥架型起重机，又称天车。