项目管理双语教学计划管理

Breakdown of a Project

The hierarchy of project breakdown:
Objectives Milestones Work packages Tasks Activities
The purpose of dividing a project into subobjectives is to assure all activities be identified, and all resources be utilized.
Easy to identify potential problems, e.g.. sequence delays, and
likely effects Easy to locate critical activities and the critical path Capable of finding the possibilities and flexibility to optimize the schedule
It defines tasks that can be completed independently of other tasks, facilitating
Resource allocation Assignment of responsibilities Measurement and control of the project

Activities
A time consuming, definable task.
Install Decking
Place Stringers
Place Cap
Construct Abutment Drive Piles
Activities
Activities consume time Activities usually consume physical resources Activities have definable start and finish points Activities are assignable Activities are measurable
源自文库et mode
Time required by the owner
Procedure of Scheduling
To prepare a list of activities with expected duration To sequence the activities
To produce the schedule
Work Breakdown Structure

A complex project is made easy to deal with by first breaking it down into individual activities in a hierarchical structure, known as WBS
restraints and relationships between activities Not drawn to a time scale
1 3 5
2
4
6
Project Scheduling Techniques

Arrow Diagram (Activity-on-arrow)
Advantages
Whether the sequence is logic-based;
Plan’s effectiveness
Duration

The time span for each activity
Methods: Formula Estimation
Historical data Survey Experience
To achieve the earliest completion date To fit within the predetermined start and finish dates,
and adjust the schedule if not meet the requirement
Scheduling Principles
Focus on the logic sequence of project activities and
its overall impact on project output Consider the project participants and their functionalities Analyze the environmental restraints and resource availabilities Aimed on the efficiency and flexibility of project implementation process
Project Scheduling Techniques

Network Diagram - Precedence Diagram (Activity-on-node)
Use boxes to represent activities and all related information
Links between boxes shows all sequential and restraints
Linked Bar Chart Software products

Project 2003 P3
Project Scheduling Techniques

Bar Chart
Project activities are laid out on a time-scaled area, which
Project Scheduling Techniques

Network Diagram - Arrow Diagram (Activity-on-arrow)
Use arrow to present activities Activities begin and end at events The network of these arrows shows all sequential and
Project Scheduling Techniques

Linked Bar Chart
Shows the activities in timescale with bar chart
Use vertical links between bars to show all sequential and restraints
the resources available, safety requirement, as well as the required scheduling.
Can satisfy the owners’ requirement; Be based on the WBS; Consider the personnel available;
Project Scheduling Methods and Tools

Techniques
Bar Chart Network Diagram Arrow Diagram (Activity-on-arrow) Precedence Diagram (Activity-on-node)
Bar Chart
Advantages
Widespread application
Simplicity of presentation
Quick and easy to prepare Clear illustration of the relationship between activities in terms of
Schedule
Activities

A common technique used to understand and organize complex undertakings is to divide the problem into smaller subparts Each activity is a discrete task
relationships between activities
Project Scheduling Techniques

Linked Bar Chart
Advantages
Possesses the clarity of presentation of bar chart
Retains the emphasis on activity duration and position on time
Scope management Team assignment Accurate tracking Effective control
Scheduling

Time plan:
Consider the objectives, tasks, the amount of work,
relationships between activities Not drawn to a time scale
Project Scheduling Techniques

Precedence Diagram (Activity-on-node)
Advantages
Compare to arrow diagram, it’s easier to construct and easier to
Disadvantages
Requires more effort to prepare a network diagram Requires more skill to present to a non-specialist Time information is not well presented

Work Breakdown Structure (cont’d)

Higher levels in the hierarchical structure are generally performed by groups The lowest level in the structure often comprises activities performed by individuals It is the key to
shows
the duration of the activities,
the position on timescale,
the identification of broadly defined work sequence
Project Scheduling Techniques

understand Strongly emphasize the activity sequence
Disadvantages
Requires more skill to prepare a network diagram Requires more skill to present to a non-specialist Time information is not well presented
time and sequence Best suited to non-complex project
Disadvantages
Incapable of depicting interrelationship and dependencies between
activities No indication of critical activities Not suitable for high degree of control for complex project