新闻阅读训练专题一
八年级语文上册 专题01 新闻两则(练)(基础版,含解析) 新人教版
专题01 新闻两则一、阅读理解完成1--3题。
二十一日下午五时起,我西路军开始渡江,地点在九江、安庆段。
至发电时止,该路三十五万人民解放军已渡过三分之二,余部二十三日可渡完。
这一路现已占领贵池、殷家汇、东流、至德、彭泽之线的广大南岸阵地,正向南扩展中。
和中路军所遇敌情一样,我西路军当面之敌亦纷纷溃退,毫无斗志,我军所遇之抵抗,甚为微弱。
此种情况,一方面由于人民解放军英勇善战,锐不可当;另一方面,这和国民党反动派拒绝签订和平协定,有很大关系。
国民党的广大官兵一致希望和平,不想再打了,听见南京拒绝和平,都很泄气。
战犯汤恩伯二十一日到芜湖督战,不起丝毫作用。
1.与“纷纷溃退,毫无斗志”形成鲜明对比的词语有哪些?这些词语表达了作者怎样的思想感情?【答案】英勇善战,锐不可当。
藐视敌军,赞扬我军。
【解析】此题考查学生对课文内容的理解和作者情感的把握。
作者毛泽东写的这篇新闻立场明确,观点鲜明,那就是对我军的赞扬和鼓舞,对敌军的痛斥和打击。
考点:概括作品抒发的感情。
能力层级为分析综合C。
2.文中“此种情况“是指________________________________。
作者在分析造成“此种情况”的原因时,前一个略写,后一个详写,这样安排材料有什么作用?【答案】敌人纷纷溃退,毫无斗志,我军所遇之抵抗,甚为微弱详略得当,略写点明我军渡江英勇善战是不言而喻的,详写则有力证明我军发起渡江战役在政治上完全正确。
3.选文主要运用的表达方式是( )A.记叙说明B.记叙议论C.议论抒情D.说明议论【答案】B【解析】此题考查学生对表达方式的判断。
新闻的功用就是阐述事实,再结合本文内容主要的表达方式是记叙,作者写的这篇新闻立场明确,观点鲜明,那就是对我军的赞扬和鼓舞,对敌军的痛斥和打击,用了议论的表达方式1。
新闻专题训练
新闻专题训练一、基础知识:1、新闻也叫,是报纸、广播中最常见的一种文体,它地报道国内外发生的有社会价值的事实。
2、一条新闻,通常包含、、、、五个部分,其中、、缺一不可。
3、消息的标题为__________、__________、__________,__________是多行标题的中心,用来__________消息的主要事实;导语是消息开始的__________或__________,它扼要地揭示消息的__________,主体是消息的__________,它用充足的事实__________,是导语的内容4、从表达方式上看,新闻一般以为主,也可以适当做些,还可穿插适当的和。
二、阅读(一)新华社长沙10月23日体育专电(记者段博)国家体育总局局长、北京奥组委执行主席袁伟民23日在这里表示,2008年北京奥运会所有比赛场馆将在2010年7月底基本竣工,并投入使用,以满足北京奥运会比赛的要求。
袁伟民是在会见也门政府体育代表团时作上述表示的。
他介绍说,自从2001年7月13日中国北京获得2008年奥运会承办权后,仅仅5个月中国政府就正式成立了北京奥运会组织机构。
目前,北京奥组委有14个部门、专职工作人员160余人,他们正在各个领域开展工作。
预计到2008年北京奥运会举行时,组委会的工作人员将达到6000余人。
袁伟民说,2008年北京奥运会的比赛场馆将达到35个,主要场馆已在今年6月份向全世界进行招标,部分场馆招标工作目前已经结束,预计将在今年年底开始动工兴建。
所有这些比赛场馆在2010年7月将基本竣工并投入使用。
2010年至北京奥运会正式举办前,将通过举办一些热身赛来检验这些场馆的硬件设施状况,出现问题随时修正,以满足奥运会比赛的要求。
8.用横线标出导语部分。
解析:导语一般是对事件的概述,应在文章的开头部分。
文章第一段概括了这则新闻的主要内容,应是文章的导语部分。
9.文章第二段列举了不少数字,如“14个部门、160余人、6000余人”,这些数字有哪些作用?解析:这些数字有力地说明了北京奥组委部门之多,工作人员之多,很显然是因为中国对奥运会的重视才有这样的结果。
人教部编版八年级上册第一单元新闻专题阅读练习题
一单元新闻阅读新闻知识学习考点解析新闻是八年级上学期刚开始接触的一种文体,也是初二各种考试中出现频率最高的文体之一。
新闻作为一种实用类文本,和小说、散文等文学类文本相区别,有其专属的特点。
因此,在考试中考查的方式及其答题思路和方法也有特殊性。
一般在语文考试中,新闻部分的占分比重会在5—10分左右。
所以,把握新闻文体的特点,熟知其常考题型,掌握对应的解题思路,在语文考试中有至关重要的作用。
新闻这种文体从广义上来讲,包括消息、通讯、报告文学。
从狭义上来讲,只指消息。
消息有三个特点:1.让事实说话,内容真实准确,不能虚构或夸张。
2.报道迅速及时。
3.简明扼要,在表达上以叙述为主,多用较朴素和概括的语言。
有时兼有议论、描写。
一条新闻包含标题(有时有副标题)、导语、主体、背景和结语五个部分,有时可根据需要省略导语或背景或结语。
新闻多采用记叙手法,因此新闻写作需注意记叙的六要素。
新闻标题和导语本质上都是信息概括。
因为一则新闻中的信息繁杂,学生很容易犯的一个错就是在概括时将不重要的信息概括进主干中,导致关键信息遗漏或者字数超出规定。
一般包括标题、导语、主体、背景和结语五个部分。
标题,一般包括引题、正题、副题;导语,一般指新闻开头(即“电头”)后的第一句或第一段文字,扼要地揭示新闻的核心内容;主体,紧随导语之后,是新闻的主干;背景,指的是新闻发生的社会环境和自然环境;结语,一般指新闻的最后一句或最后一段,是消息的结尾,它依附内容的需要,可有可无。
背景和结语有时可以暗含在主体中。
随堂练习2⑴消息要_________、_________地报道国内外新近发生的_________事件,篇幅一般较_________。
消息的内容必须_________,要如实地反映情况。
“_________”是消息的基本特征。
⑵消息的内容一般包括六个要素:人物、_________、_________、事件发生的_________、经过、_________。
中考语文新闻类阅读专题练习
中考语文“新闻类”试题解题技巧与练习【考点导航】新版《语文课程标准》在“课程的基本理念”中指出:“语文课程应根植于现实,面向世界,面向未来。
”又在7-9年级阶段目标的“综合性学习”中指出:要“关心学校、本地区和国内外大事”这就说明了语文关注生活、关注时事的特点。
一、标题拟写类例1.(2016年重庆市A)请根据下面新闻内容,拟一个恰当的标题。
(不超过15个字)重庆商报讯在山水环抱的重庆,每个人都摆脱不了江河印记。
5月20日,“寻美重庆江河”摄影大赛在武隆正式启动。
作为采访首站的武隆迎来了国内近百名知名摄影爱好者。
据悉,该系列活动还将走访重庆各个区县,用镜头寻美重庆江河。
只要是以重庆江河为拍摄对象,具备自然美、人文美的作品,都可以参赛。
即日起至8月31日止,摄影爱好者可以发送相关重庆江河的摄影、摄像作品到组委会,评选结果将于今年9月15日在媒体上公布。
主办方强调,这项活动能唤起人们对江河的记忆和感情,激发人们保护生态的热情。
_____________________________。
二、提取信息类例2.(2016年宁夏回族自治区)请从下面这则新闻中提取主要信息。
(字数不超过空格限制) 据新华社专电这里既无风也无雨,除了不时飞落的大大小小的陨石,已经寂静了40多亿年。
2018年,月球永远背向地球的那一面将首次迎来人类的着陆探测器——嫦娥四号。
中国国家航天局探月与航天工程中心副主任刘彤杰,在近日举行的国家“十二五”科技创新成就展上透露,中国计划于2018年5月底或6月初将嫦娥四号的中继卫星发射至地月拉格朗日点的轨道上,并在约半年后发射嫦娥四号的着陆器和巡视器,对月球背面南极艾特肯盆地开展着陆巡视探测。
____________________________。
三、概括主要内容类例3.(2016年贵州省黔南州)用一句话概括下面这则新闻的主要内容(不超过26个字,包括标点)人民网5月28日电 2016“数博会”(中国大数据产业峰会登中国电子商务创断发展峰会)于5月25日在贵阳开幕,国务院总理李克强出席开幕式并作主旨演讲,他对贵州发展大数据给予肯定:贵州在这里把“无”生了“有”,在信息产业里。
新闻阅读练习题
“新闻阅读”专题检测(一)~(二)“新闻阅读”专题检测(一)一、阅读下面的材料,完成1~3题。
材料一:我国第一部全面总结和评估老龄事业发展状况的蓝皮书——《中国老龄事业发展报告(2013)》显示:中国老年人口基数大,人口老龄化进程快,老年人慢性病患病率高。
老龄事业面临的主要问题包括:应对人口老龄化的顶层设计和战略规划滞后;政府、市场、社会多元主体共同应对人口老龄化的体制尚未形成;养老保障和医疗保障水平还比较低;农村老龄事业的发展明显滞后。
由于人口老龄化超前于现代化,“未富先老”和“未备先老”的特征日益凸显,老年人面临着贫困、疾病、失能、服务、照料、精神关爱等诸多困难和问题。
首先,贫困和低收入老年人数量仍然较多,2012年全国约有2 300万人。
其次,城镇老年人口的宜居环境问题突出,七成以上的城镇老年人口居住的老旧楼房没有安装电梯,高龄、失能和患病老年人出行举步维艰。
再次,农村老年人留守现象突出,2012年约有5 000万人。
由于计划生育一代陆续开始进入老年期,无子女和失独(丧失独生子女)老年人越来越多。
我国正在研究通过社会保险和商业保险建立老年人长期护理制度,商业保险应先行先试,《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》已提及这个问题。
在过去相当长的时期内,公共环境、居家环境建设缺乏长远规划,未充分考虑人口年龄结构变动的要求。
例如,6层甚至更高的楼房没有电梯,过街天桥、地铁上下不便,红绿灯变化太快致使老年人过街面临危险。
今后城市建设应充分考虑老年人的生理特点与生活习惯,突出“年龄平等”的理念。
(选自叶紫《首部老龄事业发展蓝皮书发布老龄化带来新挑战》,有删改)材料二:最近发布的《2015年中国家庭幸福感热点问题调查报告》中调查结果显示,家庭幸福感高人群的特征包括:女性、年龄更长、健康良好、非农户籍、受教育程度较高等。
一方面,年龄更长的人幸福感相对更高;另一方面,随着人均寿命增长和多种因素的影响,目前我国是世界上人口老龄化程度比较高的国家之一,老年人口数量最多,老龄化速度最快,应对人口老龄化任务最重。
考向6 高考阅读体裁篇之新闻报道 (真题+各地名校试题)(练习版)
专题五:高考阅读体裁篇备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破考向6 新闻报道Passage 1 (2021·云南·曲靖一中一模)A spacecraft carrying Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo touched down safely in the Gobi Desert in Inner Mongolia today (Sept. 17) at 1:34 a.m. EDT (1:34 p.m. Beijing time) today, bringing the historic Shenzhou12 mission to an end.Shenzhou 12 launched on June 16 and arrived seven hours later at Tianhe ("Harmony of the Heavens"), the core module of China's Earth-orbiting space station. The Shenzhou 12 crew, commanded by Nie, spent 90 days aboard Tianhe, staying aloft about three times longer than any previous Chinese crewed spaceflight.Shenzhou 12's return to Earth was a multiday affair. The spacecraft detached from Tianhe Wednesday (Sept. 15) at 8:56 p.m. EDT, according to a statement released by the China Manned Space Engineering Office (CMSEO). Shenzhou 12 then performed a rendezvous test with Tianhe, which was complete by 1:38 a.m. EDT Thursday (Sept.16), CMSEO officials said in another update.During their time in orbit, the Shenzhou 12 astronauts snapped some amazing photos of Earth and carried out a variety of scientific experiments. They also performed two spacewalks designed to help get the 54-foot-long (16.6 meters) Tianhe fully up and running and ready for future visits, which will be frequent over the coming months.For example, China is expected to send the robotic Tianzhou 3 cargo spacecraft toward Tianhe around Sept. 20. And the next crewed mission to the module, the six-month-long Shenzhou 13, is apparently scheduled to launch in mid-October. (Exact target dates are hard to come by with Chinese missions, because the nation tends not to announce many details of its spaceflight plans in advance.)1.In which section can we most possibly read this text on a website?A.Geography B.News C.Health D.Environment2.What is the main purpose of the mission to Tianhe?A.To repair the parts that went wrong.B.To carry out two space walks.C.To send the robotic Tianzhou 3 cargo spacecraft.D.To get China's Earth-orbiting space station ready and running.3.The underlined part touched down in the first paragraph probably means ________.A.Landed successfully B.Launched on timeC.Took off on schedule D.updated around the clock4.According to the passage we know EDT is ______________.A.12 hours ahead of Beijing time B.12 hours later than Beijing timeC.8 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time D.8 hours later than Greenwich Mean TimePassage 2 (2021·广西·南宁二中模拟预测)The European wood bison population has grown so much as to no longer be considered "Vulnerable" according to the global authority on conservation,the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN),in their latest Red List update.A century ago,only 50 European bison remained on Earth,and they were mostly restricted to nature reserves.“The conservation successes provide living proof that the world can set,and meet, ambitious biodiversity targets,” said Dr. Jane Smart,Global Director of IUCN' s Biodiversity Conservation Group in a statement.Eight of the 47 bison herds have special genes for long-term survival, so scientists need to move animals in and out of herds in order to make healthy genes continue. Establishing greater numbers of separate herds will also help prevent possible losses due to things like diseases or natural disasters.This led to the creation of a project called “Wilder Blean" where Blean Woods in Kent, England,will receive Dutch and Polish bison to create the first wild herd on the island for 6,000 years.English conservationists and wildlife managers are interested in the effects bison have on the landscape. As large grass-eating animals, the constant foraging, digging and breaking they do on the forest floor have been assumed to have positive effects on the ecosystem.Bison kill weak or dead trees by eating their bark or rubbing against them to remove their thick winter fur. This turns the tree into food and habitat for insects, which in turn provide food for birds.In this way they act like forestry experts, and the Kent Wildlife Trust hopes that this significant species will maintain declining populations of plants, birds, insects, and mammals by way of their unique habits.5.What has made the European wood bison grow in large numbers?A.Being restricted to nature reserves. B.Being updated on the latest Red List.C.Being kept under effective conservation. D.Being born with long-term survival genes.6.What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.Providing living proof. B.Preventing natural disasters.C.Establishing nature reserves. D.Setting up more separate herds.7.What is the attitude of Kent Wildlife Trust towards the project “Wilder Blean”?A.Supportive. B.Conservative. C.Skeptical. D.Objective.8.What is the purpose of this text?A.To introduce the various actions of European wood bison.B.To highlight the importance of setting and meeting targets.C.To report the conservation successes for European wood bison.D.To praise Dr. Jane Smart for his contributions to conservation.Passage 9 (2021·四川南充·模拟预测)The Taliban said on Sunday that the war in Afghanistan has ended and they will soon declare the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. They will take responsible actions to ensure the safety of Afghan citizens and foreign missions in Afghanistan.In response, Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said the situation in Afghanistan has undergone major changes and China respects the wishes and choices of the Afghan people.China expects the Taliban to fulfill its commitment to ensure a smooth transition (过渡) of the situation in Afghanistan, keep at bay all kinds of terrorism and criminal acts, keep the Afghan people away from wars and rebuild their beautiful homeland, she said.In response to a question on whether China has contact with the Taliban and recognizes the Taliban regime (政权), Hua said China has maintained contact with the Afghan Taliban on the basis of fully respecting Afghan national sovereignty (主权) and the will of all factions in the country, and has always played a constructive role in promoting the political settlement of the Afghan issue.On July 28, Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met in Tianjin with Baradar, political chief of Afghanistan’s Taliban.“We hope the Taliban will unite with all parties and ethnic groups in Afghanistan to establish a broad andinclusive political structure that suits its own national conditions to lay the foundation for realizing a lasting peace in Afghanistan,” she added.On many occasions, the Taliban has expressed the hope of developing sound relations with China, saying they look forward to China’s participation in the reconstruction and development of Afghanistan, and that they will never allow any forces to use the Afghan territory to endanger China, according to the spokesperson.She said that China always respects the sovereign independence and territorial integrity (完整) of Afghanistan, never interferes in the internal affairs of Afghanistan, and always pursues a friendly policy toward all the Afghan people.The United States and several European countries are evacuating their embassy staff from the country. In response to the question on whether China has any plans to withdraw its embassy, Hua said the Chinese embassy in Afghanistan is still operating normally, and the Chinese ambassador and embassy staff are still performing their duties.Most of the Chinese citizens in Afghanistan have already returned to China according to arrangements made by the Chinese embassy, but there are still a few people who have chosen to stay there voluntarily. The embassy maintains close contact with them, and will continue to pay close attention to the situation in Afghanistan and provide the necessary services and assistance to all Chinese citizens in Afghanistan, Hua said.9.Which of the following can best acts as the title of the passage?A.Taliban Regime Is Established. B.China’s Response to Afghan Situation.C.Hua’s Attitude towards the Taliban.D.Afghan Relations with China.10.According to Hua Chunying, ________.A.China unconditionally recognizes the Taliban regimeB.China sticks to the settlement of the Afghan issue by forceC.China respects choices of Afghan people and calls for smooth transitionD.China offers congratulations on the establishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan11.Which of the followin g statements doesn’t agree with what Afghan Taliban claims?A.It hopes that its relations with China goes in harmony.B.It takes China’s safety in Afghanistan seriously.C.It will take actions to realize peace.D.It has united with all parties and ethnic groups in Afghanistan.12.The Chinese embassy ________.A.is always there for Chinese citizens in AfghanistanB.has decided to withdrawC.interferes in the internal affairs of AfghanistanD.urges all Chinese citizens in Afghanistan to return homePassage 4 (2021·河北衡水中学模拟预测)On February 22, 2021, cancer survivor Hayley Areeneaux was selected to be one of four crew members of the SpaceX Inspiration4 —the world’s first civilian astronaut mission. The 29-year-old will make history as the youngest American — and the first with a false limb — to travel to space.Hayley’s space dreams began two decades ago, following a visit to the NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. However, the young girl’s dreams were derailed a year later when she was diagnosed with osteosarcoma — a type of bone cancer.Fortunately, the fatal disease had been caught early and the experts at St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis were able to reduce its spread through chemotherapy and by replacing the diseased bones with metal rods (杆) in her left leg. Arceneaux said she never thought she would be able to go to space. But when the call came “out of the blue” from Jared Isaacman, CEO and founder of Shift4 Payments, asking her if she would like to go to space, she said without hesitation, “Yes, yes, absolutely!”Isaacman had always intended to go to space. Hence when SpaceX announced the world’s first all-commercial astronaut mission, the 37-year-old billionaire, instantly booked the available four seats. The flying enthusiast announced that he would donate three seats to members of the general public. Hayley, the first crew member to be announced, will represent the pillar (支柱) of “hope” — a nod to her survival of cancer and frontline work as a physician at St. Jude. The remaini ng passengers, representing the pillars of “generosity” and “prosperity”, will be chosen randomly to raise $200 million for St. Jude, which treats children at no charge.Before the mission launch later this year, the crew will undergo intense training. The mission, which will orbit Earth every 90 minutes, will be carefully monitored by SpaceX mission control scientists from Earth. Upon the mission’s completion, the Dragon will reenter Earth’s atmosphere for a soft water landing off the coast of Florida. 13.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.“The Sky Is Not Even The Limit” For Jared IsaacmanB.Hayley’s Space Dreams Were Derailed By OsteosarcomaC.Cancer Survivor To Become The Youngest American In SpaceD.Hayley Arceneaux Became The Youngest American travelling in Space14.What do you know about Hayley Arceneaux?A.She is a disabled woman. B.She was caught in a storm.C.She is a famous physicist. D.She used to be a fighter pilot.15.What does the underlined phrase “out of the blue” in Pa ragraph 3 mean?A.Sadly. B.Strangely. C.Randomly. D.Suddenly.16.Why would Jared Isaacman donate the last two seats to members of the general public?A.To promote his company’s products B.To raise funds for a cancer hospital.C.To inspire interests in space travel. D.To seek help for disabled children.Passage 5 (2021·福建莆田·二模)Hayley Arceneaux, 29 will be the youngest person to go to space when she joins Inspiralion4, a private mission led and funded by Jared Isaacman, a- billionaire businessman and pilot. The mission which is scheduled to launch in October from Cape Canaveral, Florida, will be the first mission to include non-professional astronauts. For that , the crew are receiving training in areas such as the operations of the spacecraft and the rocket that will launch it, working in microgravity, emergency preparedness and mission simulations (模拟).Arceneaux underwent treatment for bone cancer from the age of ten in St Jude Children's Hospital in Tennessee. She endured a dozen rounds of chemotherapy (化疗) and surgery to replace her left knee and thigh bone with titanium (钛) implants after her diagnosis nearly 20 years ago. She now works at the hospital as a physician's assistant.“Honestly, I'm not nervous at all — I am just so excited," said Arcencaux, "I think having cancer made me tough." Dr. Michael Neel, who operated on Arceneaux, said, “Hayley's story will show people that not even the sky is the limit for what you can do, whether it's in medicine, commerce or life in general.""Right now we are at step zero. The door is closed to persons with disabilities. With this pilot project, we have the ambition to open this door and make a leap, to go from zero to one,"the European Space Agency said. 17.What can we learn about Inspiralion4?A.Arcencaux will command the mission.B.The mission will be launched privately.C.The crew prepare themselves in many areas.D.The mission includes no professional astronauts.18.What can people get from Hayley's story according to Dr. Michael Neel?A.Confidence. B.Honesty. C.Ambition. D.Toughness.19.What does “the door” in the last paragraph refer to?A.A leap. B.A step. C.A solution. D.A chance.20.What is the text mainly about?A.Inspiration4 is to be launched in October from Cape Canaveral, Florida:B.A cancer survivor is chosen as the youngest person to travel to space.C.The ESA promises to employ professional astronauts with disabilities.D.Jared Isaaeman funds a private spacecraft to travel in space.Passage 6 (2021·山东·泰安一中二模)The future of space exploration may depend on an art form from the past: origami (折纸艺术), the ancient art of paper folding.Researchers from Washington State University (WSU), US, have used origami to possibly solve the problem of storing and moving fuel to rocket engines, a key challenge in sp ace travel, according to Newswise. They’ve developed a foldable plastic fuel “bladder (囊状物)” resistant to super cold temperatures, which could be used to store and pump fuel in spacecrafts of the future. Their findings have recently been published in the journal Cryogenics.“Folks have been trying to make bags for rocket fuel for a long time,” said Jake Leachman, one of the lead researchers. “We currently don’t do large, long-duration trips because we can’t store fuel long enough in space.”Meanwhile, NASA is also looking to paper folding to help observe distant planets. The agency is currently developing Starshade, a foldable, sunflower-shaped piece of hardware that would help block starlight and enable telescopes to view distant objects more clearly in space.“A huge part of my job is looking at something on paper and asking, ‘Can we fly this?’” Manan Arya, a technologist in California, said. “Once I realized this is how you fold spacecraft structures, I became interested in origami. I realized I was good a t it and enjoyed it. Now, I fold constantly. ”Using origami for space purposes isn’t new, however. Solar arrays (太阳能阵列), experimental wings for space shuttle programs and an inflatable (可充气的) satellite were also inspired by origami in both past and present space projects.“With most origami, the magic comes from the folding,” Robert Salazar, who helped design the Starshade and now works on the Transformers project. said in a statement. “There are so many patterns to still be explored.”21.Which can be the suitable title for the text?A.Folding into space.B.The art of paper folding.C.Space exploration.D.The origami-inspired projects.22.How could the“bladder”help in future missions?A.To protect spacecrafts from extreme weather.B.To be used to store and supply fuel in spacecrafts.C.To help rocket engines cut energy consumption.D.To be used to improve energy efficiency.23.What can we know about NASA’s Starshade?A.It can be used to get telescopes closer to stars.B.It can enlarge the view of telescopes in space.C.It can absorb a star’s light before it enters telescopes.D.It can help telescopes get clearer pictures of objects in space.24.What is this text?A.A travel journal. B.A digest.C.A science report. D.An advertisement.Passage 7 (2021·湖北武昌·模拟预测)Facebook is to allow users to clean up their profiles by hiding posts and photographs dating from when they were teenagers or at university in fears it could hinder their future job prospects. It said it had added the feature because “we know things change in people's lives” and that it wished to make it easier for people to “accurately reflect” who they were in the present. It said the public would be able to use the “Manage Activity” tool to searchtheir posts by year or person, and delete or save those posts in bulk.If users save posts, they will not just be hidden from timelines, as they are with the current "Hide" feature, but from across Facebook as a whole, regardless of where it was posted or who was tagged in it. Such tools could prove useful to those looking to clean up their social media presence ahead of job interviews by making it impossible to find old posts of parties, nights out or fancy dress that could show them in a negative light.However, the move may cause some concern that Facebook is allowing people to whitewash their history, making it more difficult for people to search through posts for evidence of damaging comments.Over the past few years, it has become relatively easy to search through old posts, with the company in 2015 intro ducing a new indexing tool, by which users could search for terms such as “posts about drunk'' and bring up lists of someone's historic posts. This has led to revelations over a number of high-profile figures, who have faced criticism over comments they had made on Facebook in the past.In November, Conservative election candidate Antony Calvert stepped down from campaigning in Wakefield after historic Facebook posts emerged from 2010 and 2011 in which he made racist and sexist remarks. Mr. Calvert, who had once referred to the capital as “Londonistan”, said the entries were more than 10 years old, were not meant to be taken seriously and did not represent his views.25.What docs Facebook allow people to do?A.Hide negative files. B.Whitewash their work.C.Delete new features. D.Search historic posts.26.What's the purpose of Facebook's move?A.To spread a new indexing tool. B.To ensure a bright future.C.To respect high-profile figures. D.To focus on present conduct.27.What does the underlined “hinder” in p aragraph 1 mean?A.Raise. B.Adjust. C.Destroy. D.Interrupt.28.What's the author's attitude towards the move of Facebook?A.Uncertain. B.Understandable. C.Doubtful. D.Objective.Passage 8 (2021·广东·华南师大附中三模)An international team has identified two areas in China where the scale of carbon dioxide absorption by new forests has been underestimated. Taken together, these areas account for a little over 35% of China's entire landcarbon “sink”, the group says.The two previously under-appreciated carbon sink areas are centred on China's southwest, in Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi; and its northeast, particularly Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces.These provinces have established a pattern of rapid afforestation of progressively larger regions, with provincial forest areas increasing by between 0.04 million and 0.44 million hectares per year over the past 10 to 15 years.“Bold scientific statements must be supported by massive amounts of evidence and this is what we have done in this study.” Professor Paul Palmer, a co-author from Edinburgh University told the BBC.“We have collected together a range of ground-based and satellite data-driven evidence to form a consistent and robust narrative about the Chinese carbon cycle.”China's increasing leafiness has been evident for some time. Billions of trees have been planted in recent decades, to deal with desertification and soil loss, and to establish vibrant timber and paper industries.Data from NASA Earth satellites shows that human activity in China and India dominate this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture. Satellite data (2000—2017) reveal a greening pattern that is strikingly remarkable in China and India and overlaps with croplands world-wide.China alone accounts for 25% of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6% of global vegetated area. 29.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the two newly-identified areas?A.They are based on Southeast and Northwest China.B.Their forests have absorbed over 35% of China’s carbon dioxide.C.They take up over one third of China’s entire land carbon sink areas.D.Their forest areas have increased from 0.04 to 0.44 million hectares per year.30.China has planted more trees in recent decades in order to _________.A.keep the soil fertile B.set up more factoriesC.turn the deserts into green land D.prevent useful land from changing into desert31.The passage is most probably taken from _________.A.a science fiction B.a news website C.an academic report D.a travelling brochure32.Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A.Carbon Sink Areas in China B.China Aims High in AfforestationC.China and India Lead the Way in Greening D.China's Forest Carbon Absorption UnderestimatedPassage 9 (2021·江苏省如皋中学三模)Elon Musk and his electric car company Tesla have a large following in China-the world’s largest vehicle market-much to the envy of rivals.However, a number of potential customers are deciding against placing orders and some owners are refusing to drive their Teslas to protest the way a customer who complained about an alleged brake failure was treated at the Shanghai auto show.On April 19, the opening day of the show, which is held every two years, a woman got on top of a Tesla Model 3 car and shouted that the brakes did not work. She was quickly dragged away by security guards, who attempted to hide her from visitors with open umbrellas. Footage of the incident taken by onlookers generated more than 150 million views on Sina Weibo within hours.The protester, who was detained by police for disturbing public order, owns a Tesla Model 3 in Henan province, and her father was involved in a traffic accident in February while driving the car. The woman claimed that the crash was caused by a technical problem with the car, but Tesla insisted the accident was due to excessive speed.Soon after the protest, Grace Tao, a Tesla vice-president, told reporters: “There is no possibility Tesla will compromise ... I think she (the protester) is quite professional ... She has contributed to most of the negative news about Tesla recently.” Faced with mounting pressure, the company softened its stance, issuing a series of late-night statements. On April 20, it put out an apology and said it was carrying out a “self-inspection”. Next day, it said it was “working with regulators for investigation”.On Thursday, Tesla disclosed data about the vehicle that crashed, generated before the accident. The data have not been independently verified. Events took another turn three days later, when the woman protester, surnamed Zhang, was released from detention.In a news analysis, Reuters said Tesla defies industry convention, as it is based on a corporate culture that rarely admits mistakes. The company has long been accused by customers of responding in an irresponsible manner to complaints about incidents such as battery fires, unexpected acceleration and failure to provide software updates.Only two months ago, Tesla promised to “strictly abide by Chinese laws and regulations and always respect consumer rights “after the State Administration for Market Regulation urged it to heed consumer complaints”. 33.The woman got on top of a Tesla Model 3 car on April 19 to______.A.protest the way a customer complaining about the brake failureB.go against placing orders and refuse to drive her Tesla laterC.claim that her father was involved in a traffic accident with his TeslaD.inform the public that the crash was caused by a technical problem34.Security guards attempted to hide her from visitors with open umbrellas, because______.A.she disturbed the public orderB.she shouted to make herself heardC.they worried about the negative impact on TeslaD.they insisted the accident was due to excessive speed35.Why did Grace Tao mention that the protester was quite professional?A.Because he suspected that someone may plot it intentionally.B.Because he wanted to say he was unsatisfied with the behavior.C.Because he questioned about the protester’s profession about the car.D.Because he felt annoyed with the negative news caused by the action.36.What’s the main point Reuters tried to make in the second-to-last paragraph?A.Tesla observed Chinese laws and regulations.B.Tesla never admitted mistakes at all events.C.Tesla unreasonably defied industry convention.D.Tesla was negatively faced with many problems.Passage 10 (2021·上海中学一模)China's digital economy is expected to provide a strong boost to global economic recovery, but more efforts should be made to bridge the digital divide and promote data flow, said industry experts and top company officials on Friday.“China’s digital economy, which is indeed in the fast lane, has become a new growth driver of the country’s economic growth amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It has and will play an important role in driving economic recovery globally,” said Gong Ke, president of the World Federation of Engineering Organizations and executive director of the Chinese Institute for the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development strategies.“While data is an i mportant factor of digital economy, more effort should be made to bridge the digital divideto benefit more user groups. To be specific, we need to improve infrastructure (基础设施) construction and the sharing of computing power from leading companies to smal ler ones,” Gong said.He made the remarks at a sub-forum of the fourth Hongqiao International Economic Forum during the ongoing China International Import Expo in Shanghai.Liu Jun, president of Bank of Communications, said that a winner-takes-all phenomenon is happening during the development of the platform-based economy because the country’s digital economy has developed at an unparalleled speed with insufficient supervision over the past decade.“Therefore, it is necessary to break down the existing inf ormation barriers to promote the free flow of data. The value of data cannot be maximized if a certain company uses it exclusively. Data from various departments, fields and industries must be fully combined and correlated,” Liu said.China’s digital econo my reached $5.4 trillion last year in terms of market size, which grew 9.6 percentyear-on-year, the fastest worldwide, said the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology a government think tank.Such rapid development of the digital economy has attracted companies from abroad to participate. They are also expected to explore more new opportunities in the Chinese market.To embrace the trend, Omron Healthcare said it will leverage its technological competence to develop more digital innovations for the Chinese market.The Japanese industrial automation giant displayed a series of digitalized products, including smart healthcare management terminals and glucose (葡萄糖) meters at the ongoing expo.“The rapid growth of Chinas trade, including dig ital trade, has produced a strong spillover effect for the world and it will enable China’s economy to maintain a long-term positive trend and thus make a contribution to global economic growth, said Zhao Yao, general manager of Omron Healthcare China.The CAICT report also pointed out that China and the United States are leading global development of the digital economy. The two economies also ranked first and second in terms of the market size of digital economy last year.37.According to what Gong Ke said we may learn that ________.A.China’s digital economy takes full advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic.B.Global economic recovery will benefit from China’s digital economy the most.C.Despite covid-19 China 's digital economy pushes global economic growth ahead.。
新闻阅读练习
[例一•新闻•2017年全国课标一卷•一(三)]阅读下面的文字,完成7~9题。
材料一:2011年1月1日8点整,中央电视台纪录频道正式开播,信号覆盖全球,作为中国第一个国家级的专业纪录片频道,也是第一个从开播之始就面向全球采用双语播出的频道,它向世人亮出了拥有人文精神的中国影像。
央视纪录频道在内容编排上进行了详细的规划,主要呈现四大主体内容、六大主题时段的播出特点,以期达到规模化的播出效应。
央视纪录频道同时采用国际纪录片频道的通行方式,淡化栏目概念,强化大时段编排,以主题化、系列化和播出季的方式,提升自身的影响力和美誉度。
(摘编自杨玉洁等《真实聚焦:2010~2011中国纪录片频道运营与纪录片产业发展纪录》)材料二:2011年中央电视台纪录频道在71个大中城市的观众构成和集中度(资料来源于中国广视索福瑞媒介研究)注:观众构成反映的是收视人群的构成,回答了“谁在看该频道”的问题。
集中度是目标观众收视率与总体观众收视率的比值,表示的是目标观众相对于总体观众的收视集中程度,能够回答“谁更喜欢收看这个频道”的问题,集中度的比值大于100%,表示该类目标观众的收视倾向高于平均水平。
材料三:在制播运营模式方面,央视纪录频道实行的是频道化运营模式。
央视是纪录片的主要制作基地,制作出的精品节目数量众多。
当然,频道化运营模式也有其自身的劣势。
劣势在于频道可以调动的资源非常有限,其融资渠道、产品设计、人财物资源调度都会受到种种限制。
央视纪录频道目前正积极推进制播分离模式,节目制作以社会招标、联合制作、购买作为主要方式,并辅以自制精品,为建立较为健全的制作管理模式做好准备。
(摘编自张同道等《2011年国家纪录片频道发展报告(下)》)材料四:总部位于美国首都华盛顿的国家地理频道是一个全球性的付费有线电视网。
目前,国家地理频道已经以34种语言转播至全球166个国家和地区逾2亿9千万用户。
作为一个纯纪录片频道能够取得如此卓越的成就,除了高质量、高观赏性的节目内容之外,与其频道自身的制播运营模式是分不开的,其制播运营模式如下:有线电视系统是在地方政府的批准下由有线电视系统运营商投资建立的,有线电视系统直接面向订户收取费用,有线电视系统运营商是指拥有并运营有线电视系统的企业实体,有线电视节目提供商为有线电视系统运营商提供节目,具体到国家地理频道而言,美国国家地理电视公司以及其他渠道承担提供片源的任务;国家地理频道承担的是节目制作等任务,即让来自国家地理电视公司等渠道的单个的片源变成有机结合的整体,适于在电视上播放;康卡斯特电信公司作为有线电视系统运营商,则承担把电视信号传送到千家万户的电视机上的技术性播出任务。
2019年高考语文(课标版)二轮复习专题能力训练六 新闻阅读(一) 含解析
专题能力训练六新闻阅读(一)一、(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)阅读下面的文字,完成第1~3题。
材料一2015年是“十二五”规划的收官之年,也是调研、制定“十三五”规划的关键一年。
2015年,图书出版业取得了诸多重要突破,政府部门出台的多项政策、举措更加有力;图书出版产业规模持续扩大,发展潜力持续显现。
曾一度遭到电子商务冲击的实体书店,近一年来,伴随全民阅读的推广开始逆袭。
全国各地新建或改造了一批大型书城,这些大型书城注重“体验”和“服务”,引入亲子阅读、创意生活、数字体验、咖啡餐饮等多元业态,逐步向文化购物中心转型,赋予了实体书店新的生命力。
2015年,“互联网+”成为产业发展的新趋势,传统出版业转型升级及其与新兴媒体的融合是新时代下出版业发展的必由之路。
在2014年出台的《关于推动新闻出版业数字化转型升级的指导意见》的基础上,出版社积极打造自身的数字出版平台,纷纷成立数字出版部门,专门负责数字出版相关工作。
诸多新改变和新方法让出版与市场的距离更近,如众筹出版、微店卖书及微博、微信营销,改变后的赢利模式也让出版的效率变得更高。
[摘编自陈敏利《图书出版业品牌报告(2016)》] 材料二图12010—2015年实体店渠道市场码洋规模及年度增长率比较图22010—2015年网店渠道市场码洋规模比较(摘自杨伟《2015年中国图书零售市场发展》) 材料三由于互联网的快速发展,原有的图书出版业发生了很大的改变。
借助互联网的优势,图书出版可以实现内容的快速传播,并且不会受时间和空间的限制。
比如电子图书的开发,网上书店的建立,这些新的形式扩大了图书出版的影响范围。
图书出版业的信息获取方式也会发生改变,面对互联网上的海量信息,对信息的筛选、分类和加工处理会成为图书出版业新的功能。
在市场经济条件下,图书出版的目的是要获得利润。
但是在互联网条件下,许多图书资源可以免费获得,因为互联网改变了传统出版业的营销模式,图书出版业需要从其他方面获得利润的增长。
新闻阅读理解专题训练
新闻阅读理解专题训练稿子一:嗨,亲爱的小伙伴们!今天咱们来聊聊新闻阅读理解专题训练这件超有趣的事儿。
你知道吗?新闻就像个小窗口,能让我们看到大大的世界。
可有时候,咱们读新闻就像在雾里看花,搞不清楚重点。
所以呀,这个专题训练就来帮忙啦!比如说,有一则新闻讲的是某个地方发生了自然灾害。
那咱们就得瞪大眼睛,看看受灾情况怎么样,救援工作又是怎么开展的。
这里面的数字、人名、地名,可都藏着关键信息呢!要是不小心忽略了,那可就理解不到位啦。
还有哦,新闻里的观点和评论也很重要。
有的人可能会说这是天灾不可避免,有的人会强调预防的重要性。
咱们得好好琢磨琢磨,他们为啥这么说,是不是有道理。
做这个专题训练的时候,别着急,慢慢来。
多读几遍新闻,勾勾画画重点,跟小伙伴们讨论讨论,说不定会有新的发现呢!怎么样,小伙伴们,是不是觉得新闻阅读理解也没那么难啦?咱们一起加油,让自己变成新闻小达人!稿子二:嘿,朋友们!咱们又见面啦,今天来聊聊新闻阅读理解专题训练哟!你想想,每天都有那么多的新闻,五花八门的,是不是有时候都不知道从哪儿看起?这时候,专题训练就像个神奇的导航。
比如说,看到一则关于科技新突破的新闻,那咱们就得搞清楚这新技术到底厉害在哪儿,对咱们的生活会有啥影响。
是能让手机充电更快啦,还是能让交通更便利啦?而且呀,新闻里常常会有各种对比,像这个城市和那个城市的发展情况,这家公司和那家公司的业绩。
这可需要咱们有双火眼金睛,看出其中的差别和趋势。
做这个训练,就像玩解谜游戏一样。
有时候一个小细节,就能让整个新闻的意思大不一样。
咱们可不能马虎,得仔细再仔细。
还有哦,训练多了,咱们不仅能读懂新闻,还能自己判断真假、好坏呢。
是不是感觉自己超级厉害?好啦,朋友们,赶紧行动起来,多多做训练,让咱们在新闻的海洋里畅游无阻!。
人教部编版八年级上册第一单元新闻专题阅读练习题
一单元新闻阅读新闻知识学习考点解析新闻是八年级上学期刚开始接触的一种文体,也是初二各种考试中出现频率最高的文体之一。
新闻作为一种实用类文本,和小说、散文等文学类文本相区别,有其专属的特点。
因此,在考试中考查的方式及其答题思路和方法也有特殊性。
一般在语文考试中,新闻部分的占分比重会在5—10分左右。
所以,把握新闻文体的特点,熟知其常考题型,掌握对应的解题思路,在语文考试中有至关重要的作用。
新闻这种文体从广义上来讲,包括消息、通讯、报告文学。
从狭义上来讲,只指消息。
消息有三个特点:1.让事实说话,内容真实准确,不能虚构或夸张。
2.报道迅速及时。
3.简明扼要,在表达上以叙述为主,多用较朴素和概括的语言。
有时兼有议论、描写。
一条新闻包含标题(有时有副标题)、导语、主体、背景和结语五个部分,有时可根据需要省略导语或背景或结语。
新闻多采用记叙手法,因此新闻写作需注意记叙的六要素。
新闻标题和导语本质上都是信息概括。
因为一则新闻中的信息繁杂,学生很容易犯的一个错就是在概括时将不重要的信息概括进主干中,导致关键信息遗漏或者字数超出规定。
一般包括标题、导语、主体、背景和结语五个部分。
标题,一般包括引题、正题、副题;导语,一般指新闻开头(即“电头”)后的第一句或第一段文字,扼要地揭示新闻的核心内容;主体,紧随导语之后,是新闻的主干;背景,指的是新闻发生的社会环境和自然环境;结语,一般指新闻的最后一句或最后一段,是消息的结尾,它依附内容的需要,可有可无。
背景和结语有时可以暗含在主体中。
随堂练习2⑴消息要_________、_________地报道国内外新近发生的_________事件,篇幅一般较_________。
消息的内容必须_________,要如实地反映情况。
“_________”是消息的基本特征。
⑵消息的内容一般包括六个要素:人物、_________、_________、事件发生的_________、经过、_________。
高考语文“新闻类文本阅读”专题练(附答案及解析)
高考语文“新闻类文本阅读”专题练(附答案及解析)1.阅读下面的文章,完成后面题目。
(12分)材料一丁酉新春,旨在“赏中华诗词、寻文化基因、品生活之美”的“中国诗词大会”风靡全国,“圈粉”无数。
在“一笑二闹三跳四唱”的娱乐节目时代,“中国诗词大会”以优雅的方式脱颖而出。
人们关注“中国诗词大会”,是因为内心对于精神雨露的渴求,而传统文化正是精神雨露的源头活水。
诗词大都比较凝练,朗朗上口。
阅读诗词,人们享受着语言美感带来的欢愉,同时也能感知诗词作者所要表达的思想,这大大拓展了人们的生活视野。
阅读诗词,体悟诗词作者的心境,跟他们进行心灵对话,有助于提升人们对生活的感知能力,学习像诗词作者一样去感受和思考生活。
人们关注“中国诗词大会”,还因为如今人们的生活节奏较快,每天八小时上班,满负荷运转,单调乏味的生活让人感觉压抑,而读诗可以暂时疏解内心的阴郁。
“中国诗词大会”以引人入胜的形式吸引人们亲近诗词,从诗词之美中获取生活的诗意。
生活需要诗意,但诗意并不自然而然地存在。
一个人只有徜徉于诗词、发现诗意,才能在与诗词相会的过程中提升文化素养,让心灵空间更饱满。
生活不只是柴米油盐,还有诗和远方。
(摘编自“中国新闻出版广电网”,记者李兆清)材料二近日,中青在线记者专访了诗词大会的主创团队。
央视科教频道总监阚兆江说:“诗词是情感的抒发,节目集中展现了中华诗词文化的魅力,引发了广大观众的文化认同和情感共鸣,也坚定了国人的文化自信。
‘百人团’成员最小的7岁,武亦姝16岁,陈更20多岁,看到他们那么年轻,就觉得中华文化后继有人。
”“腹有诗书气自华”,这是无数次被用来形容诗词大会选手的一句话。
“中国诗词大会”总导演颜芳回忆,第二季总冠军、上海复旦附中的学生武亦姝,无论是在地方选拔还是在现场比赛中,都特别淡定。
“她得冠军的那一刻,我们想把摄像机推上去给个表情特写,结果发现没必要,她脸上特别平静。
”也许,传统诗词已经离我们的日常生活有些遥远,而诗词大会正在拉近这个距离。
高考语文 新闻阅读专题训练
2011高考语文新闻阅读专题训练一、阅读下面的文字,完成1~4题。
英雄潇洒走苍穹2003年10月15日这一天,成就了一个古老民族的飞天梦想,也书写了一名青年军人的特殊光荣。
杨利伟是我们这个时代的飞天第一人,是当今青年人真正的偶像。
“神舟”五号飞船起飞9分多钟后,进入地球椭圆轨道。
杨利伟立刻处于失重状态,他产生了错觉,身体仿佛倒了过来,全身感觉很难受。
他意识到,这样时间长了,会导致“空间运动病”,给执行任务带来可怕的后果。
于是,他调动自己的意志力,克服着失重带来的不适,强迫自己设想是在模拟器上静坐……几分钟后,他的状态恢复了正常。
这不是一个简单的经历,杨利伟回忆时用了三句话:“很难受,很要劲,很耗体力。
”有资料记载,世界上50%的航天员都在太空发生过“空间运动病”。
这种病严重时,会使人产生头晕、目眩、呕吐等症状。
杨利伟是单人执行任务,如果发生“空间运动病”,后果将不堪设想。
教练黄伟芬说:“杨利伟完全是凭着顽强的意志战胜了困难。
”坚如磐石的意志,也是练出来的。
杨利伟平时看了不少俄罗斯和美国有关“空间运动病”的资料,早就有意识地在训练中加强了这方面的自我锻炼。
一天,妻子回家时发现杨利伟一个人在客厅里不停地转圆圈,惊讶地问:“你这是在干什么?”他说:“过两天我们就要做转椅训练考核了,我先刺激刺激自己。
”每次做转椅训练时,他做的时间最长,别人做5到8分钟,他却做15分钟,头也摆到最大幅度。
一位对航天员训练要求非常严格的老专家曾自豪地说:“杨利伟在转椅训练上成绩最出色,他是我最得意的学生。
”人生活在地球上,已习惯了地球对自己的吸引力。
超重和失重的感觉,只能够想像。
而杨利伟在地面上就必须熬过这一关。
离心机训练。
坐进一只8米多长铁臂夹着的圆筒里,以100千米的时速旋转。
旋转中,不仅要练习紧张腹肌和鼓腹呼吸等抗负荷动作,而且还要随时回答提问,判读信号,保持敏捷的判断反应能力。
每次训练要做8个G(8倍于地球引力)的负载,持续时间40秒。
(完整版)新闻专题训练一拟标题
专题:新闻类试题模拟演练一、1.阅读下面的专题报道,探究《舌尖上的中国2》可供借鉴的成功经验,写出你的探究结果。
2012年,一部美食纪录片《舌尖上的中国》曾感动无数中国人;2014年4月,《舌尖上的中国2》回归央视荧屏,登陆中央电视台综合频道和中央电视台纪录频道,爱奇艺、乐视网等网络平台也同步推出。
《舌尖上的中国2》共分8集,前七集依次为《脚步》《心传》《时节》《家常》《秘境》《相逢》《三餐》,第八集则为拍摄花絮,每集50分钟。
央视相关负责人表示,比起前作,《舌尖上的中国2》在拍摄制作上比第一季更加精致大气,美食范围也更广。
在微博上,网友对《舌尖上的中国2》表示出了极大的欢迎,但对播放时间非常的不满意,认为这是央视“深夜报复社会”的举动,完全就是“逼人吃宵夜”的节奏。
探究结果:【答案及解析】①电视网络同步推出②主题鲜明独到③拍摄更加精致大气④网友极大关注。
2.给下面一则新闻拟写标题。
(不超过12个字)标题:据新华社北京4月13日电(记者齐中熙、樊曦)2014年4月13日9时30分,自2011年6月30日开通运营的京沪高速铁路运送旅客宣告突破2亿人次。
2013年2月28日,在京沪高铁开通运营1年8个月之际,京沪高速铁路运送旅客突破1亿人次;而仅1年2个月后,这条高速铁路的运送旅客量就实现了翻番,再次展示出其巨大的输送潜能。
【答案及解析】京沪高铁送客破2亿人次3.用一句话概括下面这则新闻的主要内容。
(不超10个字)本报青岛4月11日电(记者宋学春)2014年青岛世界园艺博览会世园村开村仪式11日举行。
世园村总占地约55公顷,总建筑面积约40万平方米,紧临世园会园区,位于青岛滨海公路和世园大道交汇处,交通非常便捷。
世园村开设了世园会特许产品、青岛旅游纪念品专卖店,吸引了多家星级酒店和20余家特色餐厅入驻,建设了完善的公共服务设施和应急保障设施,集种植加工、科研培训、旅游观光于一体的茶博园,将为国内外宾客提供住宿、餐饮、购物、办公、休闲等综合服务。
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新闻阅读训练专题一一、阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
材料一:中国社会车辆的平均载人数量为1.5人,车辆座位资源利用率低下。
而拼车是提升车辆座位资源利用率的有效手段。
在不增加城市基础运力负荷的前提下,拼车能通过提高车辆的使用率极大地增加汽车运力供给,提高出行效率。
来自滴滴平台的数据还显示,滴滴快车拼车可帮助司机平均提升24%的车辆利用率。
在车辆利用率大幅提升、司机收入增加的同时,城市环境也得到了改善。
近年来,我国汽车共享出行快速发展,尤其是其中网约车这一创新业态有效缓解了中国目前迫切的出行供需矛盾,显露出巨大的经济及社会价值。
汽车共享出行催生的移动互联技术革新,亦可以为中国带来关联行业升级更新、整体移动出行市场腾飞等多重附加值。
(摘编自2016年10月全景网)材料二:早晨打开手机查看天气,出门开车打开手机地图进行导航,中午用手机订外卖享用美食,晚上回到家通过健身软件跟着健身教练进行锻炼。
滴滴出行和摩拜单车等通过手机应用软件颠覆了用户的出行方式和理念;丁香园、春雨医生等医疗应用软件提供了在线医疗方式……这些都是“互联网+”带来的生活方式的变化,也是新型的“指尖”文化。
“互联网+”给生活带来的最重要的影响就是电子商务,此外,交通、金融支付,甚至在受教育、娱乐、思维方式等方面也受到非常大的影响。
便利性、互动性、分享性是“互联网+”最明显的特点。
对于这样一种新型的生活方式和潮流,张鸿认为,“实体和网络不可互相替代,它们只是人们对于生活方式的选择或者是生活方式在某些方面的变化。
我们应该两者兼顾,让生活变得多姿多彩。
”(摘编自2017年1月光明网《“互联网+”渗入生活细分领域国人乐享“指尖”生活》)材料三:人类有了互联网——特别是移动互联网之后——情况就变得完全不一样。
我们想一想,互联网对生产力有直接的提升作用吗?间接的作用可以有,比如可以把制造出来的商品卖到世界不同角落,这对产量和价格都有所推动。
互联网更重要的还是对人本身的改变。
尤其是我们熟悉的QQ和微信。
在不同的地点,我们总可以保持联系。
从这个意义上来说,互联网并不一定直接提升生产力,但是对于人的生活内容和体验来说,互联网带来了很大的变化。
从这个意义上看,互联网对中国经济带来的转型是非常根本性的,让我们从原来只关注生产,到不仅可以关注物质生产,更可以关注那些非物质的体验和享受。
这其中也包括了知识的分享和传播:原来可能只有耶鲁、北大、清华的学生才可以学到的知识,有了互联网之后,情况就完全不一样了。
互联网使得金融不再是贵族俱乐部,而是为千千万的普通人、老百姓,特别是千千万的小微企业,通过互联网金融提供直接的支持。
从这个意义上,我们看到原来金融体系主要是为国企,为大的已经成功的民企服务的,但是互联网金融与其说是对大企业——不管是国企还是民企——还不如说是为广大的老百姓、千千万的小微企业提供直接的金融服务。
不管是屌丝出身,还是富有的家庭出身,我们都能够享受到现在的技术和经济发展所带来的好处和机会。
(摘编自金融界资讯《互联网到底改变了什么?》)材料四:2011-2016年中国互联网消费金融规模2005-2013年中国网民城乡结构1.下列对材料相关内容的梳理,不正确的一项是A. 滴滴快车可以有效提升车辆利用率,增加司机的收入,缓解城市出行难的问题。
B. 随着移动互联网进一步深入用户生活,传统生活方式诸多方面呈现出“互联网+”的趋势。
C. 借助互联网,我们都有机会分享原来可能只有名牌大学的学生才可以学到的知识。
D. 材料四中,无论是农村网民数量,还是农村网民数所占比例,都呈现逐年上升的趋势。
2.下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析,不正确的两项是A. 网约车有效缓解了中国目前亟待解决的出行供需矛盾,汽车共享出行又催生了移动互联网技术革新。
B. 通过互联网可以把制造出来的商品卖到世界不同的角落,这是互联网对生产力的直接提升作用。
C. 互联网已成为一种新型的生活方式和潮流,网络经济以其独特的优势必将取代实体经济。
D. 互联网使得金融不再是贵族俱乐部,而是为广大百姓、众多小微企业提供直接的金融服务。
E. 由材料四可知,中国互联网消费金融规模到2016年产生了飞跃,而增长率在2015年出现了暴涨。
3.根据上述材料,概括说明互联网在出行和交流方面给人们的生活带来了哪些变化。
1.D2.BC3.①带来了出行的便利,提升了车辆的使用率,颠覆了用户的出行方式和理念。
如滴滴快车拼车(滴滴出行)、摩拜单车和手机导航。
②方便了人们之间的联系,如利用QQ和微信等,在不同地点总可以保持联系;③有利于知识的学习、分享和传播。
如利用互联网,原来可能只有名牌大学的学生才能学到的知识,我们也可以学习、传播和分享。
【解析】1.试题分析:2006、2009、2010、2011年,农村网民数所占比例比上一年有所下降。
2.试题分析:B项,应该是间接提升作用。
C项,“必将取代实体经济“无中生有,过于绝对。
”3.试题分析:这是一道信息筛选题,题目要求“概括互联网在出行和交流方面给人们的生活带来了哪些变化”从材料看有四则材料,分别从出行、支付方式、日常生活和金融的角度调查,在这些内容当中找到相关的部分概括即可,如根基材料一可以概括出“带来了出行的便利,提升了车辆的使用率”。
二、阅读下面文字,完成下列小题。
材料一(光明网):中国拥有3000多家制笔企业,年产圆珠笔近400亿支,堪称圆珠笔第一大国。
但令人尴尬的是,这400亿支圆珠笔笔尖上的球座体,从设备到原材料,都高度依赖进口。
明明是制造业大国,为什么连小小的笔尖都无法做到完全自主研发自主生产?时间流转,尴尬的局面终于发生了变化:中国有了属于自己的圆珠笔尖。
圆珠笔笔头分为笔尖上的球珠和球座体。
生产一个小小的圆珠笔头需要二十多道工序。
笔头里面有不同高度的台阶和五条引导墨水的沟槽,加工精度都要达到千分之一毫米的数量级。
而笔头的关键部位更是要细上加细——在笔头最顶端的地方,厚度仅0.3-0.4毫米。
极高的加工精度,对不锈钢原材料提出了极高的性能要求,既要容易切削,加工时又不能开裂,小小“笔尖”着实考验着中国制造。
科研人员们不断雕琢,精益求精,向世人展现了大国工匠应有的风采,笔尖钢的元素配比参数终于浮出水面。
也正是因为他们贯彻了“工匠精神”,才能够将产品做到极致。
一场关于“笔尖工艺”的硬仗,打倒了一批只会粗制滥造的企业,同时也让真正的精英们站在了行业的制高点上。
中国是制造业大国,而当下,我们正努力走在成为制造业强国的路上。
面对现实的挑战,我国制造业不断寻求转型升级、提质增效之路。
而在转型提质的过程中,践行“工匠精神”则显得格外关键。
相信在未来,“工匠精神”也定将引领中国制造业走向“以质取胜”的新阵地。
材料二(央视新闻客户端):一个小小的圆珠笔头,也是中国制造业面临问题的缩影。
要实现从制造大国到制造强国的转变,同样任重道远。
中国制笔协会理事长王淑琴说:“制笔行业现阶段与国外的差距,应该说不完全是技术上的。
现在主要在心态上、在思维模式上,还在文化和环境上,这些都是有一定差距的。
整个中国的制造业都比较浮躁,而且现在这种形势更是如此。
”来自一线的制笔企业负责人陆宪明说,一次去日本制笔企业参观的经历让他难以忘怀:“在一个日本制笔企业,我看到在笔头的生产线上,一个女工,大概45岁左右,她从工位里面拿出笔头清洗好,推到边上检验台做记录,这么厚的本子,我一看这个本子她大半本记掉了,这样一本东西要从开始记到现在,没有五年十年是不会有这么厚的,说明他们的员工工作的那种专注仔细。
现在中国企业的员工流动比较大,技术含量不够,积累不够,经验不够,这种差距,你就很难培养出那种专心细致的工匠来。
所谓工匠精神确实是需要一种耐心的、踏踏实实的精神,心无旁骛、专心一意把一件事情做好。
这是我们目前最差的地方。
”材料三(新浪网):不久前,国务院总理李克强在太原主持会议时指出,“去年,我们在钢铁产量严重过剩的情况下,仍然进口了一些特殊品类的高质量钢材。
我们还不具备生产模具钢的能力,圆珠笔头上的‘圆珠’,目前仍然需要进口。
这都需要调整结构。
”事实上,圆珠笔头问题折射出了中国制造业深层的结构性的问题。
有专家分析认为,企业创新能力不足,是结构性问题中最为典型的表现。
一方面是技术含量低和附加值低的低端产品生产过剩,另一方面是技术含量高和附加值高的高端产品供给不足,这两种现象同时存在。
这也正是当下中央提出要进行供给侧结构性改革的原因。
而要进行这样的改革,从根本上来说,还是要从理念入手,从人入手。
许多专家一致认为,中国专业技术人才严重紧缺。
良好素质的技术工人,不应仅仅是掌握制造技术,而且还应该是有责任心的匠人,是能够对产品终身品质负责的匠人。
但是在人才培养和使用上,我们存在很多问题,特别是对技术工人重视不够,导致这部分人才严重缺失。
显然,中国经济要转型升级,要搞供给侧结构性改革,必须要从制造业重塑人力基因入手。
企业首先要转变生产经营理念,树立正确的价值取向,建立起一种超越世俗商业利益的成就动机。
同时,整个社会要注重人才培养,特别是技术工人的技能培养,畅通其职业发展通道、提高其收入水平、改善其工作环境。
4.下列针对上述材料的理解,不正确的一项是()A. 材料一报道了中国3000多家制笔企业曾经面临的尴尬局面,同时指出这局面已改变,这些企业已能够自主研发、自主生产笔尖。
B. 材料二用日本制笔企业一个女工做记录的事例和中国员工的现状作对比,旨在表明中国企业的员工在工匠精神方面尚有欠缺。
C. 材料三引用总理的话,说明了钢铁行业产能过剩以及特殊类高质量钢材仍需进口的问题,突出了中国制造业调整结构的必要性。
D. 综合三则材料可以看出,中国制造业正在快速发展,但我国要成为制造业强国还需解决很多问题,其中之一就是践行工匠精神。
5.下列针对上述材料的分析,较为合理的两项是()A. 在制笔协会理事长王淑琴看来,我国现阶段制笔行业与国外的差距,不在技术上,而是在心态上、在思维模式上,还在文化和环境上。
B. 材料说我国制笔企业三千余家,我国是制造业大国,又用“小小”修饰笔尖,两相对比,突出了我国制笔业高度依赖进口球座体的尴尬。
C. 笔头分为球珠和球座体,生产一个圆珠笔需要二十多道工序,对笔尖的加工精度和材料性能要求极高,而此前中国制造达不到这些要求。
D. 我国圆珠笔制造业的新突破启示我们,只要科研人员能够不断雕琢,精益求精,努力贯彻“工匠精神”,就一定能够将产品做到极致。
E. 工匠精神内涵丰富,如不断雕琢,精益求精,做到极致;专注仔细,耐心踏实,心无旁鹜;责任心强,而且能对产品终身品质负责。
6.请结合三则材料,概括中国制造业面临的问题,并谈一谈发展对策。
4.A5.BE6.问题:①技术上有差距。
②缺乏工匠精神:心态、思维模式、文化和环境上有差距,整个制造业比较浮躁。