科技英语阅读--2
八年级科技创新英语阅读理解20题
八年级科技创新英语阅读理解20题1.Technology has brought many changes. What is one of the main benefits of new inventions?A.Making life more difficult.B.Slowing down progress.C.Making life easier.D.Causing more problems.答案：C。
A 选项“Making life more difficult”（让生活更艰难）与实际不符；B 选项“Slowing down progress” 减缓进步）错误，科技通常是促进进步的；C 选项“Making life easier”（ 让生活更容易）符合科技发明的主要好处之一；D 选项“Causing more problems” 引起更多问题）片面。
本题考查对科技发明好处的理解，主旨大意题型。
2.Inventions like smartphones have changed our lives. How?A.By making communication harder.B.By making us less productive.C.By making it easier to stay connected.D.By making us more isolated.答案：C。
A 选项“By making communication harder”（ 让交流更困难）错误；B 选项“By making us less productive” 让我们效率更低）不对；C 选项“By making it easier to stay connected”（让保持联系更容易）符合智能手机的作用；D 选项“By making us more isolated”（ 让我们更孤立）不准确。
本题为细节理解题。
考研英语阅读材料汇编之科技类(2)-毙考题
考研英语阅读材料汇编之科技类(2)阅读是考研英语的重要题型之一，也是保障英语成绩的关键题目。
因此，考研学子们要充分重视英语阅读，除了平时多多阅读英语杂志、报纸外，还需要针对阅读进行专项训练。
小编整理了关于考研英语阅读题源的系列文章考研英语阅读材料汇编之科技类(2)，请参考!Who s the Smart Sibling?Ten weeks ago, Bo Cleveland and his wife embarked on a highly unscientific experiment-they gave birth to their first child. For now, Cleveland is too exhausted to even consider having another baby, but eventually, he will. In fact, hes already planned an egalitarian strategy for raising the rest of his family. Little Arthur won t get any extra attention just because he s the firstborn, and, says his father, he probably won t be much smarter than his future .siblings; either. It s the sort of thing many parents would say, but it s a bit surprising coming from Cleveland,who studies birth order and IQ at Pennsylvania State University. As he knows too well, a study published recently in the journal Science suggests that firstborns do turn out sharper than their brothers and sisters, no matter how parents try to compensate. Is Cleveland wrong? Is Arthur destined to be the smart sibling just because he had the good luck to be born first?For decades, scientists have been squabbling over birth order like siblings fighting over a toy. Some of them say being a first-, middle- or lastborn has significant effects on intelligence. Others say that s nonsense, The spat goes back at least as far as Alfred Adler, a Freud-era psychologist who argued that firstborns had an edge. Other psychologists found his theory easy to believemiddle and youngest kids already had a bad rap, thanks to everything from primogeniture laws to the Prodigal Son. When they set out to confirm the birth-order effects Adler had predicted, they found some evidence. Dozens of studies over the next several decades showed small differences in IQ; scholastic-aptitude tests and other measures of achievement So did anecdata suggesting that firstborns were more likely to win Nobel Prizes or become (ahem) prominent psychologists.But even though the scientists were turning up birth-order patterns easily, they couldn tpin down a cause. Perhaps, one theory went, the mother s body was somehow attacking the lateroffspring in uterus. Maternal antibody levels do increase with each successive pregnancy. Butthere s no evidence that this leads to differences in intelligence, and the new study in Silence,based on records from nearly a quarter of a million young Norwegian men, strikes down theantibody hypothesis. It looks at kids who are the eldest by accident-those whose older siblingsdie in infancy--as well as those who are true firstborns. Both groups rack up the same highscores on IQ tests. Whatever is lowering the latterborns scores, it isn t prenatal biology, sincebeing raised as the firstborn, not actually being the firstborn, is what counts.The obvious culprits on the nurture side are parents. But it s hard to think that favoritism toward firstborns exists in modem society. Most of us no longer view secondborn as second best, and few parents will admit to treating their kids differently. In surveys, they generally say they give their children equal attention. Kids concur, reporting that they feel they re treated fairly.Maybe, then, the problem with latterborns isn t nature or nurture-maybe there simply isn t a problem. Not all the research shows a difference in intelligence. A pivotal 2000 study by Joe Rodgers ,now a professor emeritus at the University of Oklahoma, found no link between birth order and smarts. And an earlier study of American families found that the youngest kids, not theoldest, did best in school. From that work, say psychologist Judith Rich Harris, a prominent critic of birth-order patterns, it s clear that the impression that the firstborn is more often the academic achiever is false.Meanwhile, many of the studies showing a birth-order pattern in IQ have a big, fat,methodological flaw. The Norwegian Science study is an example, says Cleveland: It scomparing Bill, the first child in one family; to Bob, the second child in another family. Thatwould be fine if all families were identical, but of course they aren t. The study controls forvariables such as parental education and family size. But Rodgers, the Oklahoma professor,notes that there are hundreds of other factors in play; and because it s so hard to discountall of them, he s not sure whether the patterns in the Science article are real.No one is more sensitive to that criticism than the Norwegian scientists. In fact, theyalready have an answer ready in the form of a second paper. Soon to be published in thejournal Intelligence, it s, similar to the Science study except for one big thing: instead ofcomparing Bill to Bob, it compares Bill to younger brothers Barry and Barney. The samebirth- order pattern shows up: the firstborns, on average, score about two points higher thantheir secondborn brothers, and hapless thirdborns do even worse. The purpose of thetwo papers was exactly the same, says Petter Kristensen of Norway s National Instituteof Occupational Health, who led both new studies. But this second one is much more comprehensive, and in a sense it s better than the Science paper. The data are there--within families, birth order really does seem linked to brain power. Even the critics have to soften their positions a little. The Intelligence study must be taken very seriously says Rodgers.No one, not even Kristensen, thinks the debate is over For one thing, there s still that argument about what s causing birth-order effects. It s possible, says UC Berkeley researcher Frank Sulloway, that trying .to treat kids in an evenhanded way in fact results in inequity. Well-meaning parents may end up shortchanging middleborns because there s one thing they can t equalize: at no point in the middle child s life does he get to be the only kid inthe house. Alternatively, says Sulloway; there s the theory he has his money on, the family- niche hypothesis Older kids, whether out of desire or necessity axe often called on to be assistant parents, he notes. Getting that early- taste of responsibility may prime them for achievement later on. If they think Oh, I m supposed to be more intelligent so I d betterdo my homework, it doesn t matter if they actually are more-intelligent, says Sulloway, Itbecomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. If the firstborns homework involves reading Science and Intelligence, there ll be no stopping them now.词汇注解重点单词embark / im ba:k/【文中释义】v.着手，从事【大纲全义】v. (使)上船(或飞机，汽车等)：着手，从事extra / ekstr /【文中释义】adj.额外的【大纲全义】adj额外的，附加的n.附加物，额外的东西adv.特别地compensate / kɔmpənseit/【文中释义】v.补偿，弥补【大纲全义】v.(for)补偿，赔偿，抵消nonsense / nɔnsəns/【文中释义】n.荒谬的言行，胡话【大纲全义】n.胡说，废话;冒失(或轻浮)的行为rap / r p/【文中释义】n.不公正的判决，苛评【大纲全义】n.叩击，轻拍，斤责，急敲(声);不公正的判决，苛评，v. 敲，拍，打，斤责，使着迷predict / pri dikt/【文中释义】v.预言【大纲全义】v.预言，预测，预告prominent / prɔminənt/【文中释义】adj杰出的【大纲全义】adj.突起的，凸出的;突出的，杰出的offspring /ɔfspriŋ; (us) ɔ:f-/【文中释义】n..子孙,后代【大纲全义】n. 子孙,后代,结果，产物;(动物的)崽successive /sək sesiv/【文中释义】adj.连续的【大纲全义】adj.接连的，连续的pregnancy / Pregnənsi/【文中释义】n.怀孕【大纲全义】n.妊振;怀孕(期);(事件等的)酝酿;(内容)充实，富有意义nurture / nə: tʃə/【文中释义】n.养育，教育【大纲全义】n.营养品;养育，培养，滋养v. 给予营养物，养育，培养，滋养超纲单词egalitarian n. 平等主义sibling n. 兄弟妞妹squabble v. 为争吵spat n. 争吵primogeniture n. 长子身份aptitude n. 才能，资质anecdata n. 二逸事证据prenatal adj. 产前的，出生前的重点段落译文两周前，伯克利夫兰和他的妻子进行了一项非常不科学的实验他们生下了他们的第一个孩子。
英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇
英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？ (1)（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理 (9)（三）人们是否应该接受人造肉 (29)（四）为什么当代手机电池还是这么不经用 (40)（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？How Could We Get To Mars In Only 28 Hours?Everyone always wants to get to Mars.每个人都总是渴望去火星Unfortunately, the journey would be a long one,不幸的是依靠我们目前的技术taking hundreds of days of travel with our current technology.这趟旅途将会十分漫长长达几百天Well, what if we could shorten that time to only a matter of days试想如果我们不使用宇宙飞船by throwing away our spaceships而是用一些在太空中急速穿梭的东西and using something that’s already zooming acr oss space?这趟旅程可以缩短到几天？I’m talking about comets.我说的是彗星Comets are big ol’ cosmic snowballs,彗星是一个由冻结气体岩石和尘埃made from frozen gases, rock, and dust组成的巨大雪球that end up orbiting the Sun after the other planets当其他行星试图把彗星扔向地球tried throwing them at Earth and missed.但没成功时它们便围绕地球飞行Well, that last part probably isn’t true.当然最后那部分可能是假的Everyone knows that the planets only have water gun battles.我们都知道行星上只有水枪之战Not to mention, comets can actually be pretty big.更不必说彗星实际上可能非常大Frozen, you could probably liken them to about the size of a small town.这些雪球你可以把它们比做一个小镇那么大However, when these things get close to the Sun in their orbit, 然而它们在自己的轨道环形并接近太阳时they can begin to heat up.会逐渐变热Then they start spewing dust and gases,接着喷涌出尘埃和气体forming a giant glowing head.形成一个巨大的发光脑袋Huh. I thought only I had that problem.哈我认为只有我有这个顾虑Luckily enough, if we want to use one of these things for stellar travel,幸运的是如果我们想用其中一个彗星进行星际旅行we have quite a few to choose from!我们的选择有很多！According to NASA,根据美国航天局there are around 3,600 comets that we currently know of.我们目前已知的彗星约有3600颗Beyond that, it’s believed that there are billions of other comets out there此外据说在遥远的柯伊伯带还有数十亿颗彗星orbiting our Sun in the Kuiper Belt and even more distant Oort Cloud. 甚至是更远的奥尔特云围绕着太阳运行的What makes comets great for getting around in space彗星能够穿梭星际is that they can go SUPER fast.是因为其速度极快Yeah, this baby can fly!是的这小东西会飞！How fast they’re t ravelling depends on a bunch of different factors,它们的速度取决于多种不同因素but they can travel anywhere from a few thousand kilometers per hour,但在一定条件下它们的速度可以从时速几千公里to over 160,000 kilometers per hour under certain conditions.达到每小时超16万公里在任何地方飞行In fact, in 2016, scientists at NASA recorded2016年美国航天局的科学家们记录了a comet traveling at nearly 600 kilometers per second as it dove toward the Sun.一颗秒速六百公里驶向太阳的彗星That’s over 2 /million/ kilometers per hour!那超过了两百万公里每小时！To put that in perspective,就此展望if we could travel at 2 million kilometers per hour,如果我们能以每小时两百万公里的速度飞行then wecould get to Mars from Earth in around 28 hours,我们可以在一天多的时间里just little more than a single day,约28小时就可以完成火星之旅assuming the two planets were close together in their orbits. 假设轨道上有两颗行星距离很近Lining up the planets is the least of our worries though.我们可以在可控范围内排列行星While comets can go super fast,彗星的速度超快getting to them would be a big problem.登上彗星仍会是一大问题That’s because, not even considering how hard it would be to actually commandeer one,因为我们甚至没有考虑控制一个彗星有多难comets just don’t typically get that close to Earth.彗星一般离地球很远Hale-Bopp, a comet that made the news about two decades ago, 大概二十年前新闻上报道了海尔-波普彗星came closer to Earth than most comets do,它比大多彗星更靠近地球and it was still about 200 million kilometers away.但还是有约两百万公里的距离We might as well just go straight to Mars at that point!照那样我们还不如直接去火星吧！Even if a comet did come by Earth,即使彗星确实经过地球we assume that its trajectory is towards Mars,我们也断定它的轨道是朝着火星的and we ignore that it would likely be in its more gassy, less-solid state,并且我们忽略了它可能更多的是气体而非固态物质you’d still have to keep yourself alive on the comet.你还要在彗星上生存下去I guess if it’s only a day or so then food and water would be less of an issue我猜如果只是一天左右那食物和水就不是问题了since the aliens would definitely feed you once we got there, 因为一旦我们到了那里外星人肯定会伺候我们的but you’d still have to worry about oxygen and protecting your self from space.但你仍要担心氧气并且保护自己远离太空You would need about 0.84 kilograms of oxygen a day,你每天约需0.84公斤的氧气so you better grab a spacesuit and take a big breath before jumping on the comet.所以跳上彗星前你最好穿上宇航服深吸一口气So yeah, using comets as a means of space travel is probably not that viable in the end.所以利用彗星进行太空旅行或许并不可行Sometimes I like doing these thought experiments, you know, 有时我喜欢做这些思维实验and t hen realizing that they can’t work.然后意识到不可能实现But it’s still interesting!仍然它仍很有趣！That’s how we learn people!这也是咱认识人类的方法！So do you have any questions about space that you want me to answer.你有关于太空的疑问想要我解答？Any planets that we should cover next?接下来我们要讲哪些行星？Let me know right now in the comment section below!请立刻在下方评论区告诉我吧！Curious to know what would happen if you were trapped on the international space station?我很好奇如果你被困在国际空间站会发生什么？We teamed up with our friend William Osman to answer that question.我们会与我们的朋友William Osman一起为你解答ISS actually gets its power from solar arrays made up of thousands of solar cells.国际空间站的能量来自上万个太阳能电池组成的阵列These arrays can efficiently covert solar energy into electrical power. 这些阵列可以有效地将太阳能转换成电能Typically producing more power than the station needs at one time. 通常在同一时间产生超出所需的电力（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理The Engineering of the Drinking BirdThis toy has fascinated me since childhood.我从小就对这个玩具着迷To me its motion is almost hypnotic.对我来说它的运动就像是催眠Here’s how it operates.它是这样运转的Wet the bird beak thoroughly with room temperature water.将鸟喙完全浸透在室温的水中The opaque container makes it looked chilled,不透明容器使它看起来冷淬了but it isn’t…其实并没有Then stand it upright…然后让它直立It will take a few seconds for it to start drinking…它要等几秒钟后才开始喝水Notice that all of the action right now takes place in the stem here 注意现在所有的运动都发生在躯干这里As l speed up the action当我快进这个过程you see liquid rising and the bird rocking back and forth.可以看见液面上升饮水鸟开始前后摇摆If I return to normal speed,如果调回常速播放you can see the bird slowly …可以看到饮水鸟慢慢地very, very slowly ….非常非常慢地Rock forward…向前摆动Until it takes a drink,直到它喝到了水which it will do again and again.然后一遍又一遍地重复此过程In this video I’ll detail the bird’s clever engineering design,在本视频中我将详述这只鸟精妙的工程设计explain how it uses thermodynamics,阐明它是如何运用热力学知识and link its action to some of the greatest将其运动与一些工程师创造的and most impactful devices created by engineers.伟大且影响深远的装置联系起来的This toy has long history,这个玩历史悠久but its current incarnation is due to Miles V. Sullivan—它的当前形态是由贝尔实验室一名科学家a scientist at Bell Labs.Miles V. Sullivan创造的He specialized in methods of manufacturing semiconductors, 他专精于研究制造半导体的方法but as a sideline invented toys.发明玩具是他的副业Its reported that this bird delighted U.S. President Herbert Hoover,据说这只饮水鸟深得美国总统赫伯特·胡佛喜爱an engineer who failed to figure out how it worked,作为一名工程师他没搞懂它的工作原理and it also defeated the great scientist Albert Einstein,而且它还难倒了伟大的科学家艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦who spent three and half months studying it.爱因斯坦花了三个半月来研究它It’s reported that he refused to take t he bird apart.据报道他拒绝把这只鸟拆开With the benefit of hindsight,有了后见之明let’s start by exploring how it works让我们从探索它的工作原理and examining the key engineering design aspects.以及检查关键的工程设计方面开始First, let’s ask is the water ornamental or essential?首先要问的是水是装饰品还是必需品？At first the bird acts just as if the water were still there.最初饮水鸟的行为好像水还在那里一样Now let’s speed up the bird’s motion我们快进饮水鸟的动作you see at 15 minutes it is still drinking.可以看见过了15分钟它仍在喝水At 30 still drinking.30分钟还在喝水45 minutes still drinking.45分钟依然还在喝水60 minutes still drinking.60分钟还在喝水75 minutes still drinking.75分钟仍然还在喝水And five or ten minutes later,又过了5到10分钟后at eighty or eight-five minutes it takes its last drink.约在80到85分钟它喝了最后一次水The liquid still rises a bit,虽然液面上升了一点but it never rises enough to make the bird tip over,但它从没上升到足够使鸟翻倒的高度which shows that the motion is not perpetual说明这个运动不是永恒的—as long as there is water, the bird keeps drinking.只要有水鸟就一直喝水Let’s look inside the bird来看看饮水鸟的内部to get an idea of how it works.了解它的工作原理Underneath the bird’s hat, beak and fabric covering lies aglass bulb 在鸟帽鸟嘴和织物覆盖物下面有一个玻璃泡smaller than the bulb at the base, and also rounder.它比底部的玻璃泡小也更圆Now, watch as I put a few drops of isopropyl alcohol on the bulb to cool it.现在我滴几滴异丙醇在玻璃泡上使它降温The liquid rapidly rises to the head,里面的液体快速上升到头部this changes the bird’s center of gravity这改变了饮水鸟的重心so that it will tilt forward.使它向前倾斜The head now fills with liquid and then …现在头部充满了液体接下来……there…你看…it …drinks.它喝水了It becomes upright and the liquid drains from the head.它直立后液体从头部排出Liquid rises again to the head and…液体再一次上升到头部……the bird drinks again.饮水鸟再一次喝水This cycle repeats until all of the isopropyl alcohol on the bird ’s head evaporates.这个过程循环往复直到鸟头上的异丙醇都蒸发掉Why does the liquid rise?为什么液面会上升呢？The place to begin is with the bird’s manufacture.我们从饮水鸟的制造说起The bird is filled through this “tap ”—a small pipe built into the head —通过装在头部里的小管子即龙头with methylene chloride dyed red, which is then frozen,向鸟内装入冷冻的染成红色的二氯甲烷a vacuum applied to evacuate the air,抽走空气形成真空the tap sealed ( and of course, later hidden by the bird’s hat )…把龙头密封(当然后来被鸟帽盖住了)And then the methylene chloride melts:之后二氯甲烷融化It turns to liquid and then some of it evaporates（turns into vapor）.转变为液态其中部分二氯甲烷蒸发(变成蒸汽)The ke y to the bird’s operation is饮水鸟运转的关键就在于that the vapor in the head and in the base are separated by the liquid in the base.头部和底部的气体被底部的液体所隔离It’s hard to see,这很难看清楚but the tube extends into the base, nearly reaching the bottom.不过管子延伸到底部几乎接触到底面This separates the vapor in base and the vapor in the tube 使得底部和管中的气体隔离……and …of course, the head.当然还有头部的气体So, at rest the pressure in these two spaces are equal,在静止状态这两个空间的压强相等but when the bird’s beak is wet,但当鸟喙湿润时the temperature falls鸟喙温度下降and as I’ll explain in a moment the pressure in the head drops头部的压强下降这个我稍后会解释below that in the base and the liquid rises.降到低于底部的压强然后液面上升Of course this liquid in the head causes the bird to…tilt forward, to drink …自然头部的液体导致饮水鸟向前倾斜喝水and when it drinks,当它喝水时the vapor in the head and the base are connected,头部和底部的蒸汽连通the pressures is nearly equalize两端压强几乎相等—a slug of vapor rises to the top and some liquid drains from the head一股蒸汽上升到头部迫使部分液体流出and then the cycle repeats.然后循环重复To see the pressure equalize为了看到压强平衡过程l will slow down the bird as I tilt it forward.我会慢一点倾斜饮水鸟Right now the head is half full.现在头部已经半满了When I tilt it you see a slug of vapor go from bottom to top.当它倾斜时可以看见一股蒸汽从底部升到顶部I’ve tilted it far enough forward我把它倾斜得够多that the liquid in the head is below the top of the tube以至于头部的液面低于管子的顶端and the liquid in the base is below the section of the tube that almost reaches the bottom of the bird.同时底部液面也低于几乎触底的管子底端This allows the pressure to equalize,这样头部和底部的压强相等and as the bird becomes upright而当饮水鸟站起来时the liquid returns to the base before the cycle starts again.液体会在下一次循环开始之前返回到底部In operation it doesn’t tilt quite this far forward实际运转时它不会向前倾斜这么多and so the pressures don’t fully equalize.因此压强不会完全平衡Why, though, does the pressure in the head drop as the temperature falls?那么头部压强为何会随着温度下降而下降呢？You can see the answer if I shoot cool, compressed gas across the bird’s head.你看我向头部射低温压缩气体就知道答案了As the cool gas strikes,遇到低温气体时you see liquid condensing inside the head;头部内壁出现了冷凝的液体and, as you see on the left,正如你在左图看到的this causes the liquid in the base to rise.这导致底部的液面上升The cool gas withdraws energy as heat from the head,低温气体带走头部的热量causing some of the methylene chloride vapor inside to condense –to turn into a liquid.导致头部部分二氯甲烷气体冷凝成液体This decreases dramatically the amount of vapor in the head.这大大减少了头部的气体体积Liquid is 1,000 times more dense than vapor.液体的密度是气体的1000倍This in turn lowers the pressure in the head and causes the liquid to rise.结果降低了头部的压强使液面上升I used compressed gas to cool the head我用压缩气体给头部降温because I can control the amount of cooling;因为我可以控制降温的程度the bird, though, cools its head by “drinking.”然而饮水鸟通过喝水来降温The head is wrapped in fabric that absorbs water.其头部包裹在吸水的织物中。
科技英语(阅读理解2)
Text OneAs Gilbert White，Darwin，and others observed long ago，all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult：some populations remain roughly constant from year to year；others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity；still others vary wildly，with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather，and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns，one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have density-dependent growth parameters；that is，rates of birth，death，and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters，with vital rates buffeted by environmental events；these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses，but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing，no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth，death，and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages，if there were no density-dependent effects，the population would，in the long run，either increase or decrease without bound （barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly）。
高考英语阅读理解复习-科技类20篇(含解析)
科技类词汇对应阅读passage1A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than100ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become"projects"with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past60years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says，"It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave."Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs，while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest."Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，"says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory."Technology is a tall tree，"John Fernald said."But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by manyyears."As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？A．To present the process of group discussion.B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.（2）What can we learn from the passage？A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is.A．supportiveB．cautiousC．uncertainD．critical（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？A．It will focus on innovation.B．It will have its outcome soon.C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.【分析】这是一篇说明文。
科技英语阅读(李健版)
Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现：地球的“安康〞每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进展的最大规模的科学分析结果说明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统〔包括干净的水源、纯洁的空气以与稳定的气候〕正遭受破坏。
Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says.The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大局部的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
科技英语阅读--2
➢ Prevent sth, prevent ...from doing sth = keep sth from sth / doing sth
• Good lubrication prevents overheating. • Goods from
of work.
2. US has depended on foreign oil for decades.
➢ depend on VS. rely on
• 当表示“由……决定”这个含义时，用depend on。 如：
• Whether we will go there or not depends on the weather.
• hypothesis英 [haɪ‘pɒθɪsɪs]美 [haɪ’pɑθəsɪs] 假设 • [ 复数 hypotheses ] • hypothesis test 假设检验 1. I can see that this hypothesis is true in my life and I expect it to also be true in yours.
• metaphysics [,metə'fiziks] n. 玄学，形而上学 • Moral metaphysics 道德的形上学；道德的形而上学；道德形而上学；道 德形上学 descriptive metaphysics描述的形而上学
• inconsistent adj. 不一致的；前后矛盾的 (with)
• be supposed to = should 应当 • be not supposed to = should not 不应当 1. The cover be supposed to protect the machine from dust . 这个盖子会保护机器不进灰尘。 2. Well, the experiment do not turn out quite like it be supposed to, but let 's just say it do . 哦！这个实验结果并不像理论所讲的，但我们（照理 论）还是依样画葫芦吧。
高中英语阅读理解科技类二
高中英语阅读理解科技类二Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks--- burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR，近红外钱) on the drug in the capsule.The idea of suing light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers(聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet(UV，紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitroberizyl(ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.1. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?A. Temperature changeB. NIR light.C. Acidity change.D. UV light.2. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.C. It has not come onto the market up till now.D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.3. Which word can be used to compete the following process of changes?A. protectedB. formedC. exposedD. combinedIf a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (气泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape apredator (捕食动物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.1. Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A. A twisted body.B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D. A drop in blood pressure.2. The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see _____.A. how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB. how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC. why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD. when ichthyosaurs broke their bones3. Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 _____.A. confirmed his assumptionB. speeded up his research processC. disagreed with his assumptionD. changed his research objectives4. Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ______.A. failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB. gradually developed measures against the bendsC. died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD. evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost itBDC A BC A。
关于科技的英文阅读,适合初中八年级学生
关于科技的英文阅读，适合初中八年级学生Technology has become an integral part of our daily lives in the modern world. It has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate with one another. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, technology has continuously evolved, bringing about significant changes and advancements in various aspects of our lives.One of the most remarkable advancements in technology has been the rise of digital devices and the internet. The internet has revolutionized the way we access and share information, connect with others, and conduct our daily activities. With just a few clicks, we can access a vast amount of knowledge, communicate with people across the globe, and even work remotely from the comfort of our homes.The integration of technology in education has also been a game-changer. Digital tools and resources have made learning more engaging, interactive, and accessible. Students can now access a wealth of information online, participate in virtual classrooms, andcollaborate with their peers through various digital platforms. This has not only improved the overall learning experience but has also made education more inclusive, allowing students from different backgrounds and locations to access quality education.Another significant impact of technology has been on the healthcare industry. Advancements in medical technology have led to the development of life-saving devices, improved diagnostic tools, and more efficient treatment methods. Telemedicine, for instance, has made it possible for patients to receive medical care remotely, reducing the need for in-person visits and increasing access to healthcare services, especially in remote or underserved areas.The integration of technology in various industries has also led to increased efficiency and productivity. Automation and artificial intelligence have revolutionized manufacturing processes, streamlining operations and reducing the need for manual labor. Similarly, the use of data analytics and machine learning has enabled businesses to make more informed decisions, optimize their processes, and better understand their customers.However, with the rapid advancements in technology, there have also been concerns and challenges that need to be addressed. One of the primary concerns is the impact of technology on the environment. The production and use of electronic devices, as well asthe energy consumption required to power them, have contributed to increased greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. Addressing these issues through the development of sustainable technologies and responsible consumption practices is crucial for ensuring a greener future.Another concern is the impact of technology on social interactions and mental health. The widespread use of social media and digital devices has led to concerns about decreased face-to-face interactions, increased social isolation, and the potential for cyberbullying and online harassment. It is important to strike a balance between the benefits of technology and the need to maintain healthy social connections and mental well-being.Furthermore, the rapid pace of technological change has also led to concerns about job displacement and the need for continuous skill development. As automation and artificial intelligence continue to transform various industries, individuals must be prepared to adapt and acquire new skills to remain competitive in the job market.Despite these challenges, the benefits of technology are undeniable. It has the potential to improve our lives in countless ways, from enhancing our education and healthcare systems to increasing our productivity and efficiency. As we continue to navigate the ever-evolving landscape of technology, it is essential that we approach itwith a critical and responsible mindset, ensuring that the advancements we make are not only innovative but also sustainable and beneficial to society as a whole.In conclusion, technology has played a pivotal role in shaping our modern world. While it has brought about numerous benefits, it has also presented us with new challenges that require careful consideration and responsible management. By embracing technology while also addressing its potential drawbacks, we can harness its power to create a better future for ourselves and generations to come.。
科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译u2
替代能源的前景据美国能源部预测，至2025年美国的家用耗电将增加百分之二十五，增加的电量中将有一小部分来源于再生能源（如风、阳光、水、地热），而且这部分还会不断增大。
据美国能源部统计，去年替代能源的供电比例占百分之六。
美国太阳能协会（该协会是一个位于科罗拉多州博德市的非盈利性组织）的主管布拉德•柯林斯说：“未来属于可再生能源。
尽管就世界石油和天然气可以持续多久，科学家和工业专家可能有不同观点，但是油气资源终将耗尽。
”尽管可再生能源通常比传统能源更昂贵，但是替代能源有助于减少污染、保护矿物燃料。
美国能源部国家再生能源实验室（位于科罗拉多州戈尔登市）的一位高级工程师保罗•陶塞列尼说：“有时人们考虑的只是节省成本的问题，但是这可能是一个价值观念的问题，一个我们把钱用于何处的问题。
”接下来我们一起了解关于可再生能源技术的新发展太阳能光电系统获取太阳光线的光能并将其转化成电。
现在这些太阳能设备可以为各种建筑供电，小到家庭大到办公楼。
技术进步使得光电设备更加划算。
20世纪80年代，光电系统供电的平均价格为每千瓦时95美分；而根据美国太阳能协会的统计，如今这一价格已降至每千瓦时20美分左右。
即使略微便宜的光电价格仍然高于全国电价的平均价格，据美国能源部发行的《能源周刊》统计，2003年每千瓦时的电价均价略高于8美分。
其他最新的发展包括薄膜光电技术，这种高科技的涂层能够将任何覆盖此类薄膜的表面转化成一种光电电源。
使用这种薄膜技术的轮船和娱乐用车目前已上市销售。
工程师们也研究出一种涂有发电薄膜的屋顶材料，这种屋顶材料耐严寒，而且在阳光明媚的时候可以利用太阳光发电。
与此同时，美国可再生能源实验室的研究人员正在研发更为高效、价格更低的光电系统。
目前市场上大多数传统光电设备可以将百分之十一至百分之十三的太阳光转化成能量，工程师们认为可以提高这一比例。
华盛顿地区的一位光电工程师杰夫•梅泽说现在的多数薄膜光电系统的效能等级为百分之七至百分之十一。
科技英语阅读第二单元discoures understanding
A、Now, let’s talk about the kind of muscle you think of when we say “muscle”—the ones that show how strong you are and let you boot a soccer ball into the goal.现在，让我们来谈谈那种当我们说起肌肉时你会想到的肌肉——那些能显示你有多强壮，并让你将足球踢进球门的肌肉。
B、Skeletal muscles come in many different sizes and shapes to allow them to do many types of jobs.骨骼肌有许多不同大小和形状来让他们做很多类型的工作。
C、Together, the skeletal muscles work with your bones to give your body power and strength.骨骼肌与你的骨头一起给你的身体力量和强度。
D、Smooth muscles are also found in your bladder.你的膀胱也有平滑肌。
E、Tendons are cords made of tough tissue, and they work as special connector pieces between bone and muscle.肌腱是由坚韧的组织连接而成，它们作为骨和肌肉之间的特殊连接器件。
F、Smooth muscles—sometimes also called involuntary muscles—are usually in sheets, or layers, with one of muscle behind the other.平滑肌——有时也被称为非自愿的肌肉——通常在表或肌肉背后另一层的图层。
科技英语基础阅读第二版龚玲莉翻译
1.1苹果有一款新的热销产品，在欧美大部分地区已经卖到断货。
1.2如果你网上预定，六周后才能送达。
1.3一条网上评论写道，这是多年来最好的一款苹果产品。
1.4实用并且精巧的设计，使它拥有苹果产品史上最高的消费者满意度，根据creative strategies 和Experian两家公司的调查研究。
2.1如此的热情令苹果的老板们喜忧参半。
2.2我们今天讨论的这款产品是无线耳机airpods，看起来像苹果的传统耳机，只是没了数据线。
2.3定价在159美元，airpods可能是价值数十亿美元的一款商品。
像苹果手表，苹果于2015年开始销售的一种可穿戴设备。
2.4但是耳机并不是人们期待已久的具有改革能力的，极其具有利润的创新产品。
3.1在苹果最大的拳头产品推出后，这种等待并没有持续太久。
3.2在2007年6月29日，iPhone第一次开售。
3.3自此，苹果已经卖出了大约12亿部手机，并且取得了超过7400亿美元的销售额，从最畅销的科技设备可以看出。
3.4 2016年，苹果2160亿美元的销售额，其中三分之二来自于iPhone。
4.1登顶之后就是下山了。
4.2关于苹果的将来如何，苹果是否能设计出另一款与之相媲美的产品，这些问题一直困扰这苹果公司。
4.3持续增长的手机拥有率正在放缓，全球大约五分之二的人现在拥有一部手机。
4.4苹果也面临着更多的竞争，尤其是在中国（仅次于北美的第二大重要市场），其销量一直下滑，令人愈发担忧苹果正面临“苹果见顶”。
5.1即使苹果每年已经花费100亿美元用于研发，“人们并不指望能有所创新”，amit表示。
5.2这就解释了为什么公司的市盈率是2018预期收入（剔除现金）的十倍左右，低于信息技术产业的12到14倍。
6.1当然，苹果从拳头产品向多元化发展的尝试有瑕疵。
6.2败绩之一是电视行业，全球价值大约2600亿美元的市场。
6.3苹果的电视产品是一个有线机顶盒，仅能够提供其他公司，例如Netflix的节目，并不是苹果高管们所承诺的具有颠覆性的产品。
科技英语阅读
1、我们对器件参数进行了初步的分析,其
结果令人满意。 An initial analysis of the device parameters have been made with satisfactory results.
2、电子与原子核的大小大致相同,其直
径大约为10-12厘米。
An electron is about as large as a nucleus. its diameter being about 10-12 cm.
现多个分句并列或复合句中从句套从句的现象。
同时还频繁使用祈使句、句型、动词非谓语形 式等,从而达到表述上的清楚 (cleaness)、简 洁(conciseness)、准确(exactness)。若使用 过多的简单句,会使逻辑关系不紧密,文章读起 来单调乏味。但物极必反,句子不能过长,否则 会使读者阅读起来很费劲,可能导致使读者不 得要领。总之,论文中的句子结构应多样化,长 短句兼有。
本文讨论了现代通讯的基本原理。
The fundamental principles of modern communication are discussed in this paper.
1、我们使用了几种简单的介质试验
(dielectric test)目标。 2、所得结果表明，上诉公式适用于各种
本文提出了一种新的计算机辅助设
计的方法。
A new computer-aided design method is presented in this paper.
2、科技论文中时态的使用
由于科技论文侧重叙述科技内容，很
少涉及动作发生的时间，所以，大量
使用一般现在时态。其次，是一般将
2021届高考英语中国元素之阅读理解中国科技二
高中2021届高考英语“中国元素”之阅读理解中国科技（二）.2019 World Conference on VR Industry was held in Nanchang, China, with the goal of further satisfying people's growing demand for a better life, accelerating the modernization of China's economic system and its transformation into an innovation-oriented country, and promoting breakthroughs in the economic and social development of Jiangxi Province. The theme of the conference is "VR Adorns（装扮）the World - VR + 5G for a New Era of Perception（观念）".The virtual reality industry in Nanchang, capital city of East China's Jiangxi province, is expecting a boom when China grows in a new era of 5G this year, experts and industry insiders said at the conference.The Conference attracted experts, scholars and company leaders from more than 30 countries, including the us, Germany, Britain, Russia, India and Israel, discussing the development and application of VR, especially as 5G, the next generation technology for network on devices like cellphones, unlocks the potential of VR. With a focus on the new era of perception enabled by 5G, this year's conference showed leading-edge VR technologies and the latest outcomes of the global VR industry.Miao Wei, head of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said in the opening address that with China officially getting 5G; commercial licenses on June 6th 2019, the co-development of VR and 5G promises a huge market in future. “China takes the lead in VR innovations. And the wide popularity of high-tech in our country guarantees the potential of this market,” said Miao.China is building its VR industry into one with the most dynamic environments for innovation and entrepreneurship, highest market acceptance, and the greatest growth potential in the world.1.What is one of the aims of 2019 World Conference on VR Industry?A.To promote 5G technology.B.To make Chinese people more creative.C.To improve the economic development of Jiangxi.D.To change the world into a modern one.高中高中2.What is the relationship between 5G and VR?B.VR,s application would unlock 5G.C.5G makes VR a business.D.VR is made up of 5G.3.What is the best title for the text?A.Technology Revolution in JiangxiB.New Era Marked by 5G and VRC.VR, Technology for the FutureD.VR Conference in Nanchang一、Everyone has a quarrel or two with friends, co-workers and family members,but library goers in Nanchang, East China,s Jiangxi Province got a surprise when a person unintentionally started an argument between two robots.The two robots, named Tutu and Wangbao, are supposed to offer assistance to visitors in the hall of the Jiangxi Provincial Library. When a library goer scanned Tutu's QR code, Wangbao seemingly became annoyed, which brought a great amusement to the library goer who posted a video of the exchange that occurred on December 30 and has gone viral on social media.“Tutu, let,s stop fighting,OK?”said Wangbao.“Your mood sure swings a lot!" Tutu said.Wangbao raved, “Aren’t you a drama queenjm giving you an out. Stop being petulant!”The library goer was even more amused, as the two robots grew noisier and angrier with each other, and finally, abruptly turning away from each other like naughty children.“It looks like how you quarrel with your girlfriend,ha-ha." one netizen posted.“I see myself from the quarrel,〃wrote another on Sina Weibo,which was echoed by many others.“It's annoying to hear people arguing,and I didn,t expect I,d have to listen to robots arguing,〃another netizen wrote.The online video was widely circulating on Sina Weibo, with some 500, 000 views as of press time on Saturday. Tutu and Wangbao became internet hot figures, even attracting attention高中高中When the two online celebrities were interviewed by reporters on Friday, the two seems already forgave each other after three days.“It was a thing last year…Isn’t it normal to have quarrels between friends?”Wangbao said in video posted by the Xinhua News Agency on Saturday.1.What's the purpose of paragraph one ?A.To show how smart the two robots are.B.To increase our awareness of Al technology.C.To introduce the following parts.D.To criticize the quarrel between the two robots.2.What was the library goer,s attitudetowards the argument?A.Amazed.B.Entertained.C.Puzzled.D.Excited.3.By presenting some netizens, comments,the author intends to tell us.A.the fight draws the public,s great attentionB.the fight has an awful effect on people/s lifeC.the fight takes place on a regular basisD.the fight feels like a real one4.Where is the text most likely from?A.A textbook.B.A diary.C.A magazine.D.A website.二、A 1.6-metre-tall robot may soon become the best friend for lonely elderly people, as Chinese scientists are making the final sprint（冲刺）towards its market launch（投放），said a senior researcher on the robot project on Saturday."We are working on testing the exact functions and ways to reduce the cost in preparations for an expected market launch of the robot in two to three years," said Li Ruifeng, a member of the project.He said the team hoped to reduce the cost so that the robot can be priced at 30, 000 to 50, 000 yuan, which is expected to be an affordable price for most of China's better-off families.The robot has been developed with the functions of fetching food and medicine, sounding alarms in case of water or gas leakage, sending texts or video images via wireless communications,高中and even singing a song or playing chess to entertain its masters.Li said that the robot, developed independently in China, has technology at the same level as those in Western labs.China set about the research of the robot in 2007, when it was listed as a national key project. It is backed by government funding（拨款）.China has the world's largest elderly population with 159 million people over 60, accounting for 12 percent of its total population. According to a survey by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, more than 10 million caregivers and nurses are needed to attend the elderly, as most of Chinese elderly prefer to live their retired lives at home.1.The underlined word "backed" in the last paragraph means.A. supportedB. suggestedC. controlledD. stopped2.From the last paragraph we know that.A.our government pays no attention to the elderly peopleB.China has the world's largest elderly populationC.Chinese elderly people prefer to be looked after by robot caregiversD.robots are the best friends for the lonely elderly people3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Robot caregivers will appear in the market in 2 to 3 years.B.Robot caregivers can help elderly people to do everything.C.China needs some technical support from Western labs.D.The robot is expected to be bought by every person.4.The author wrote the passage to.A.advertise a robot caregiver to the elderlyB.tell Chinese elderly not to worry about their livesC.explain how robot caregivers work in the futureD.introduce a newly-developed robot caregiver四、On Tuesday, China announced it had grown the first ever plants on the moon, days after landing on the moon's “far side” Von Karman crater. The cotton seed sprouts （新芽）seemed to have withstood the tough lunar conditions: freezing temperatures, lower gravity levels, and radiation.高中But by Thursday, the new cotton seed sprouts had dead already, according to Liu Hanlong, the experiment leader, in a government press conference statement.After Chang,e-4 landed on the far side of the moon earlier this month, the probe （探测器）was sent a command to remotely water the plants and start the growing process. A tube directed natural light on the surface of the moon into the small container to allow the plants to grow. The probe entered a sleep mode on Sunday, the first lunar night after the probe,s landing.Professor Xie Gengxin, professor at Chongqing University and chief designer of the experiment, told CNN that it ended after nine days when the control team shut down the power. Xie said temperatures inside the biosphere had grown too abnormal and reached extremes that would likely kill all life, including the seeds and eggs during the lunar night. Xie didn,t confirm why temperatures had risen to levels unbearable for the plants in spite of the measures taken by the research team.Even though the experiment was quickly terminated, Xie considered it a success. The cotton were the only seeds to sprout, however, and despite many assumptions about the future possibility of moon clothes, the cotton plant,s main purpose this time was to give researchers the valuable data on how to cultivate life in the moon/s tough conditions. The eventual ability to grow plants on the moon could prove useful for long-term space missions, like a trip to Mars. Astronauts could theoretically harvest their own food in space, avoiding the need to return to Earth to resupply.Aside from the apparent failure of the biological or plant experiment, the rest of China's mission to the far side of the moon appeared on track as of Thursday. The historic mission is intended to accomplish a range of tasks, including conducting the first lunar low-frequency radio astronomy experiment and exploring whether there is water at the moon/s poles.Chang,e-4 is the latest step in China/s robotic lunar-exploration program, named after a moon goddess in Chinese mythology. China plans to launch the Chang,e-5 sample-return mission sometime this year.l.What does the underlined word “withstood” mean?A.Appreciated.B.Suffered from.C.Tolerated.D.Been subject to.2.What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A.The measures of the research team.B.The cause of ceasing the experiment.高中高中C.The reason for the extreme temperature. D.The failure and impact of the experiment. 3.What isthe major target of the plant experiment?A.To make moon clothes possible.B.To ensure its value for long-term space missions.C.To enable astronauts to harvest their own food without returning to Earth to resupply.D.To accumulate the priceless data on how to grow lifeiii the moon,s severe conditions.4.What is the best title for the text?A.China,s moon plants have diedB.China,s mission to the far side of the moonC.The Chang,e-5 sample-return missionD.Astronauts, efforts to cultivate life in the moon五、China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells, scientists said on Thursday. By December 2017, the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques （猕猴）named "Zhong Zhong" and "Hua Hua" by nuclear transfer （核移植）of body cells —any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the world's first ever-cloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting, and cannot be genetically modified （改造）to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate （灵长类）that shares its genetic make-up with humans, he said.For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes, Pu said."By cloning monkeys using body cells, we can reproduce a large number of genetically identical monkeys in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs," he added. "This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine."Sun Qiang, director of the non-human primate research facility at the institute, said most of 高中高中the drug tests are currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans. This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to study of primate brains.1.Which description of the two clone macaques is true?A.They were the first monkeys ever-cloned in the world.B.They were created using reproductive cells.C.They would not be fed to suit experimental needs.D.The technology used to create them was similar to that of creating Dolly.2.Cloning monkeys using body cells for drug and other lab tests is.A.time-consumingB.very expensiveC.more efficientD.inaccurate 3.What can be learned from the passage?A.Pu Muming and Sun Qiang were doing most work in cloning the two macaques.B.Genetic research on monkeys can be seen as effective as that on humans.C.Most drug tests have been done on mice because mice share the same genetic make-up with humans.D.Scientists mass reproduce clone monkeys only to cut down experiment costs.4.This passage above can be most probably read in.A.a science magazineB.a travel guidebookC.an imaginary fictionD.a lab brochure 六、China successfully sent the 52nd and 53rd satellites of its domestically developed BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS—the last two medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites for the BDS-3 constellation (星座)一into space on Monday, marking the completion of the global navigation system,s core constellation deployment 部署)and this year,s BDS satellite launch campaign.Launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center, Sichuan Province, on board a Long March-3B carrier rocket with an Expedition-1 upper stage, the two satellites were injected into planned orbits after more than three hours, flight.Since the first BDS-3 satellite was launched on November 5, 2017, China has conducted 18 BDS satellite launch missions, successfully sending 30 into their planned orbit, setting a national 高中高中record for highest mission frequency and success rate.In-orbit tests will be carried out before the two MEO satellites are commissioned ( 正式委托).By then the core constellation for the Chinese global navigation satellite system will be successfully completed.Wang Ping, chief designer of the BDS-3 system, said that the hybrid constellation design, in which three groups of satellites—the Inclined Geo Synchronous Orbit (IGSO), MEO and geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO)—work in concert in different orbits, was an exclusive BDS innovation and a world first. “Existing global navigation satellite systems, such as the US GPS and Russia,s GLONASS, only have a MEO satellite constellation,” said Wang.The MEO satellites, in orbit 20,000 kilometers above Earth, are a special type of satellite providing global service, while the IGSO and GEO satellites, in an orbit 360,000 kilometers above Earth, mainly enhance regional service quality, according to Wang. That explained why completion of the MEO constellation was significant, marking the completion of the core network for BDS-3, meaning a stable BDS-3 global coverage without weak points has been carried out.Feedback shows that the BDS service quality was already comparable to GPS since the end of 2018, and after completing BDS-3, “We will be as good as any GNSS.” Wang said.1.How many BDS satellites were sent into their planned orbit successfully?A.3.B.18.C.30.D.36.2.What's the advantage of BDS compared with GPS and GLONASS?A.The diverse functions.B.The excellent service quality.C.The lower cost of designing it.D.The ability to work in different orbits.3.Why are the MEO satellites important?A.They enhance regional service quality.B.They can be put into use immediately.C.They can enter farther orbits.D.They can serve the world.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.China Becomes the First Country to Launch a MEO Satellite高中高中B.The Core Constellation of BDS-3 CompletesDeploymentC.The BDS-3 System Has Benefited Many CountriesD.Exploring Space Is Very Important to the World高中答案以及解析、答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D解析:1.根据第一段可知,VR大会的目的有很多。
2002考研英语阅读真题 Text 2(英语二)
2002 Text 2（英语⼆）机器⼈科技的发展Text 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.That compulsion has resulted in robotics -the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of , they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor.Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms.Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction.Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers.And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy - far greater precision than highly skilled 短⽂ 2从⼈类最初有了智慧⾄今，⼈们设计了⽇益巧妙的⼯具来处理那些危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或者只是⼀般肮脏的⼯作。
02_科技英语_阅读理解
2. How tΒιβλιοθήκη find Scientific Papers?
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What to Read?
Journal and conference articles (primary sources)
- Hard copy and WWW - ISI Science Citation Index
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专业文献的检索(2)
2. 美国科学引文索引 -- SCI
SCI--《科学引文索引》，英文全称是Science Citation Index，是美国科学情报研究所出版的一部世界著名的期刊 文献检索工具。它收录全世界出版的自然科学各学科的核 心期刊3700多种。通过其严格的选刊标准和评估程序来挑 选刊源，使得SCI收录的文献能够全面覆盖全世界最重要 和最有影响力的研究成果。 SCI期刊的影响因子: 一种期刊的影响因子，指的是该刊 前两年发表的文献在当前年的平均被引用次数。一种刊物 的影响因子越高，也即其刊载的文献被引用率越高。
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Reporting results
Literature searching
Reading literature
Data analysis
Research
Planning and mapping
Implementing research plan & collecting data
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Scientific Reading
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科技文献的分类(1)
1. 按文献载体划分
a) 印刷型：印刷本（printed copy）、复印本 (duplication copy)、预印本(preprint copy) b) 缩微型: 包括缩微胶卷（microfilm）、缩微胶片 (microfiche)、缩微卡片(microcard)和缩微印刷片 (microprint)。要借助显微镜阅读。 c) 机读型(machine-readable): 这类文献存在计算机储 存介质中。Internet上的信息，电子期刊等。 d) 直感资料: 包括唱片、录音带、录像带。
科技英语阅读答案Unit2
科技英语阅读答案Unit2Appendix I Reference AnswersUnit 2 PhysicsPart I EST ReadingReading 1Section A Pre-reading TaskWarm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1.What is quantum physics?Quantum physics is the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the molecular, atomic, nuclear, and even smaller microscopic levels. In the early 20th century, it was discovered that the laws that govern macroscopic objects do not function the same in such small realms.2.Do you know anything about dark matter?Dark matter is a hypothesized form of matter particle that does not reflect or emit electromagnetic radiation. The existence of dark matter is inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter, such as stars and galaxies.A small percentage of the gravitational effects observed are from visible matter (someestimates are as low as 4% of total gravitational effects). The remaining 96% is presumed to result from dark matter or dark energy, though these terms are somewhat indicative of our ignorance of the exact nature of these unknown quantities, as they have never been directly observed.One possible candidate for dark matter are theoretical particles known as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are being searched for by the Cryogenic Dark MatterSearch (CDMS) experiment.3.What is dark energy?Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates space and exerts a negative pressure, which would have gravitational effects to account for the differences between the theoretical and observational results of gravitational effects on visible matter. Dark energy is not directly observed, but rather inferred from observations of gravitational interactions between astronomical objects, along with dark matter.The term "dark energy" was coined by the theoretical cosmologist Michael S. Turner.4.Have you ever heard of the big bang theory? Can you give an account of it?The Big Bang is the dominant (and highly supported) theory of the origin of the universe. In essence, this theory states that the universe began from an initial point or singularity which has expanded over billions of years to form the universe as we now know it.In 1927, Roman Catholic priest and physicist Georges Lemaitre independently calculated the Friedman solution and again suggested that the universe must be expanding. This theory was supported by Hubble when, in 1929, he found that there was a correlation between the distance of the galaxies and the amount of redshift in that galaxy's light. The distant galaxies were moving away faster, which was exactly what was predicted by Lemaitre's solutions.In 1931, Lemaitre went further with his predictions, extrapolating backwards in time find that the matter of the universe would reach an infinite density and temperature at a finite time in the past. This means the universe must have begunin an incredibly small, dense point of matter - a "primeval atom."5.How do you understand string theory?String theory is a mathematical theory that tries to explain certain phenomena which is not currently explainable under the standard model of quantum physics.String theory was initially developed in the 1970s in an attempt to explain some inconsistencies with the energy behavior of hadrons and other fundamental particles of physics.As with much of quantum physics, the mathematics that applies to string theory cannot be uniquely solved. Physicists must apply perturbation theory to obtain a series of approximated solutions. Such solutions, of course, include assumptions which may or may not be true.The driving hope behind this work is that it will result in a "theory of everything," including a solution to the problem of quantum gravity, to reconcile quantum physics with general relativity, thus reconciling the fundamental forces of physics.Section C Post-reading TaskReading Comprehension1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.Part 1 (Paras. 1-3): Brief introduction to dark energyPara. 1: Dark energy is an unexplained force which tugs galaxies away from each other.Para. 2: Dark energy is somewhat like anti-gravity.Para. 3: Dark energy is scientists? hypothetic form of energy to explain the universe?s expansion.Part 2 (Paras. 4-9): The discovery of dark energy: confounding expectationsPara. 4: The discovery of dark energy is a case of scienceconfounding expectations.Para. 5: Experts expected that gravity had slowed down the universe?s rate of expansion.Para. 6: The universe?s rate of expansion was speeding up.Para. 7: The result was beyond experts? expec tations which caused much nervous laughter.Para. 8: The measurements of supernovae provided the evidence that the universe?s rate ofballooning was speeding up.Para. 9: The scientists observed many supernovae at different distances to determine how fast they are speeding away from us.Part 3 (Paras. 10-13): The rate of the expansion of the universe: shocking resultsPara. 10: The rate of the universe?s expansion is accelerating.Para. 11: More researches done by other experts also show the same results.P ara. 12: Einstein?s cosmological constant has been revived to explain the puzzling findings.Para. 13: The cosmological constant is one of the leading theories to explain the expansion of the universe.Part 4 (Paras. 14-17): The difference between dark energy and dark matterPara. 14: The confusion of dark energy and dark matter.Para. 15: Dark matter is an invisible hypothesized form of matter.Para. 16: Dark matter and dark energy seem to make up most of the mass of the universe.Para. 17: The discovery of dark energy stirred up a lot of other issues, such as making some people believe that there are several universes.2. Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1)What’s dark energy before and after you studied the text?Before, I know nothing about dark energy. Now, I know that dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates space and exerts a negative pressure, which would have gravitational effects to account for the differences between the theoretical and observational results of gravitational effects on visible matter. Dark energy is not directly observed, but rather inferred from observations of gravitational interactions between astronomical objects, along with dark matter./doc/b616089455.html/od/classicalmechanics/a/gravity.htm2)In your eyes, what’s gravity an d anti-gravity?Refer to:/doc/b616089455.html/niujiashu@126/blog/static/100293042201051095050178/ /doc/b616089455.html/od/glossary/g/specgravity.htm/doc/b616089455.html/gravity_explains_gravity.html3)Did gravity slow down the rate of the expansion of the universe? Why or why not?No. Gravity was speeding up the rate of the expansion of the universe. The evidence was based on measurements of supernovae that astronomers were using as lampposts to track distance.4)Can you explain Doppler Effect in detail?The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842 in Prague, isthe change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession./doc/b616089455.html/wiki/Doppler_effect5)Do you know any story of Einstein’s cosmological constant?In physical cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) was proposed by Albert Einstein as a modification of his original theory of general relativity to achieve a stationary universe. Einstein abandoned the concept after the observation of the Hubble redshift indicated that the universe might not be stationary, as he had based his theory on the idea that the universe is unchanging. However, the discovery of cosmic acceleration in the 1990s has renewed interest in a cosmological constant./doc/b616089455.html/wiki/Cosmological_constant6)What is dark matter? What’s the difference between dark energy and dark matter?Dark matter is matter that is undetectable by its emitted radiation, but whose presence can be inferred from gravitational effects. Dark matter is invisible./doc/b616089455.html/wiki/Dark_Matter_(disambiguation)7)Is it true or false that the universe is formed mainly of dark energy and dark matter?Can you give some evidence?Yes. It is true. Some studies show that dark energy is thought to account for 74 percent of the universe, while dark matter adds about 22 percent.8)Are you one of the believers in multiple universes? Why?(Open)3. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the wordsyou’ve learned in the text.Dark energy — the mysterious stuff that is stretching space and speeding the expansion of the universe —is said to have been around at least 9 billion years. It is a hypothetical form of energy, which is somewhat like anti-gravity that draws galaxies away from each other. In the mid-1990s, when astronomers went about measuring the rate of the expansion of the universe, they surprisingly found that the universe?s ballooning was speeding up, which was beyond many astrophysicists? expectations. Some other researchers also found that the universe is blowing up faster today than at any time in the past. All these puzzles open up an opportunity for some scientists to revive Einstein?s discarded idea —cosmological constant. Though dark energy and dark matter (invisible) are separate entities, people are always confused about them.It seems that dark energy accounts for 74 percent of the universe, while dark matter adds about 22 percent. The discovery of dark energy is bizarre and adds fuel to the fire of believers in multiple universes.Vocabulary and Structure1. Directions: Give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets.Then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. Use each word once.1)When triggered by an input pulse, a monostable multivibrator will switch to its unstableposition for a period of time, and then return to its stable state.2)Christian revival is a term that generally refers to a specific period of increased spiritualinterest or renewal in the life of a church congregation or many churches, either regionally or globally.3)Superclusters are large groups of smaller galaxy groups and clusters and are among thelargest structures of the cosmos.4)During his career, he created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, aswell as countless sketches and charcoal drawings.5)In computing and communications, data processing combined with telecommunications, e.g., the use of a telephone network to connect a remote terminal to a computer or to twointerconnect computers.6)Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe,including the physical properties of celestial objects such as galaxies, stars, planets, exoplanets, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions.7)An earthquake's hypocenter is the position where the strain energy stored in the rock is firstreleased, and is the point where the fault begins to rupture. This occurs at the focal depth below the epicentre.8)Anti-consumerism refers to the socio-political movement against consumerism, theequating of personal happiness with consumption and the purchase of material possessions.9)By inducing compression, mechanical properties such as compressive strength or modulusof elasticity, can be measured. Scientists may utilize press machines to induce it.10)Two-dimensional collisions, both elastic and inelastic, may be demonstrated on this table.2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Change the formif necessary.1)Skin injury, infection, stress, and certain drugs may trigger psoriasis. Skin cells move at anaccelerated rate from the dermis into the epidermis, where they slough off, causing inflammation.牛皮癣可能由皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物引起。
科技英语基础阅读第二版翻译
科技英语基础阅读第二版翻译1.1苹果有一款新的热销产品，在欧美大局部地区已经卖到断货。
1.2如果你网上预定，六周后才能送达。
1.3一条网上评论写道，这是多年来最好的一款苹果产品。
1.4实用并且精巧的设计，使它拥有苹果产品史上最高的消费者满意度，根据creative strategies和Experian两家公司的调查研究。
2.1如此的热情令苹果的老板们喜忧参半。
2.2我们今天讨论的这款产品是无线耳机airpods,看起来像苹果的传统耳机，只是没了数据线。
2.3定价在159美元，airpods可能是价值数十亿美元的一款商品。
像苹果手表，苹果于2015年开始销售的一种可穿戴设备。
2.4但是耳机并不是人们期待已久的具有改革能力的，极其具有利润的创新产品。
3.1在苹果最大的拳头产品推出后，这种等待并没有持续太久。
3.2在2007年6月29日，iPhone第一次开售。
3.3自此，苹果已经卖出了大约12亿部手机，并且取得了超过7400 亿美元的销售额，从最畅销的科技设备可以看出。
3.42016年，苹果2160亿美元的销售额，其中三分之二来自于iPhone。
1.1登顶之后就是下山了。
1.2关于苹果的将来如何，苹果是否能设计出另一款与之相媲美的产品，这些问题一直困扰这苹果公司。
1.3持续增长的手机拥有率正在放缓，全球大约五分之二的人现在拥11.3设计人员，厂家，程序员还是用户应该对机器人不当行为负责？11.4这种情况下，那些负责机器人的厂家和个人应该控制着机器人的学习过程。
12.1产业机器人已经改变了社会。
12.2更加广泛的使用机器人可能导致进一步的失业和数据鸿沟的扩大。
12.3这将可能导致社会中的局部人，享受不到先进机器人的好处。
12.1另一方面，随着机器人不仅是制造业中危从事着危险，枯燥，肮脏的工作，人们的职位要求将大大改善。
12.2最后，利用机器人技术来辅助人类对健康人和残疾人都存在利弊两面。
Task参考译文：P良好的卫生习惯有助于传染风险最小化。
大学科技文英语阅读第二单元PPT
Unit2
2
While-reading activities
Text understanding
Unit2
Text understanding
Text organization and main idea
Language points and sentence structures
Unit2
Text organization and main idea
2)
3) 4) 5) 6)
recognize textual patterns in reading
organize an English essay have a global understanding of cross-cultural communication
Unit2
1
Pre-reading activities
Unit2
Text organization and main idea
Paras. 1-2
The purpose of the survey
To find out whether the chaos of romantic love translates across cultures _______________________
Unit2
Background information Stony Brook University 纽约州立大学石溪分校
/abroad/usa/xuexiao/fx/200808/20080821144224.html
/wiki/Stony_Brook_University
2
While-reading Activities
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事实上，提供的设计提议，是对有关生物进化的种种忽略和歪曲。
• modify [‘mɒdɪfaɪ] vt. 修改，修饰；更改 vi. 修改
1. The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. 工业革命改变了英国社会的整体结构。 2. You'd better modify your tone. 你最好缓和一下你的口气。
所不计； Байду номын сангаас计
eg. This service should be available to everybody,
irrespective of whether they can afford it. 这项服务应该面向所有人，不管他们是否负担得起。
when the mixture is ignited, the products of combustion expand down the cylinder, which is fitted with a reciprocating piston. The downward movement of the piston is converted into rotational movement of the crankshaft by means of a connecting rod. As the crankshaft rotates, the piston is driven upwards again, and the exhaust gases are expelled through the exhaust valve in the cylinder head.
➢ Will, can and may: • Will
1. 表将来 （科技英语中不用be going to) eg. The new aircraft will fly for the first time on Monday.、 2. 表示潜在的能力 eg. These planes will fly at 800 miles per hour. 3. 表示某事经常发生 eg. This solid will vaporize when we heat it.
eg. Moreover, the researchers discovered that these two
connections were independent of each other. 而且，研究者发现这两种联系之间是独立的。
• irrespective of 不顾的，不考虑的，无论； 在
• carry out vt. 执行，实行；贯彻；实现；完成 • carry on 继续 • carry forward 发扬光大 ; 推进 ; 发扬 ; 转入下一页
下期等 • carry through 进行 ; 贯彻 ; 完成 ; 贯彻到底 • carry along 一起带走 ; 使人佩服
• mercury ['mə:kjuri] n. 水银；水银柱；精神 水星
我知道，这个假设在我的生活中确实是这样的，我希望它在你 们的生活中也是真的。
2. A suggested explanation, so long as its correctness is still in doubt, is called a hypothesis.
提出来的解释，只要它的正确性仍然有疑问， 便称为假说。
• incorporate vt. 包含，吸收；体现；把……合并 vi. 合并；混合；组成公司 adj. 合并的；一体化的；组成公司的
to be incorporated a member of the union 被吸收为工会会员
New ideas will be incorporated into the book. 新思想将被收入书中。
• omnipotent [ɔm'nipətənt] adj. 无所不能的；全能的 ；有无限权力的
Eg: And so he imagines that God, as omnipotent, could've made two plus two equals five. 所以他猜想，万能的上帝可以让二加二等于五。
➢ depend on VS. rely on
• 都有“依靠，依赖”的意思，但是depend on 是 客观上的; rely on是依靠，依赖，在生活中，或 精神上，主观上的
• eg. 1. I rely on my accountant to handle the annual
tax form because he is more skilled at doing this type
我们是否去那，要看天气情况。（即由天气决定）
• ---Shall we go there for a holiday? 我们去那里度假吗？ • ---It depends. 看情况吧！
➢ independent of VS. irrespective of
• be independent of 独立于…之外的；不受…支配 的；不依赖于…的
• falsify [fɔ:lsifai] vt. 伪造；篡改；歪曲；证明...虚假 vi. 撒谎 [ 过去式falsified 过去分词falsified 现在分词 falsifying ] 1. falsify certificates 伪造执照 2. to falsify facts, issue, etc.歪曲事实、问题等等 3. In fact, the design proposals on offer variously ignore
• metaphysics [,metə'fiziks] n. 玄学，形而上学 • Moral metaphysics 道德的形上学；道德的形而上学；道德形而上学；道 德形上学 descriptive metaphysics描述的形而上学
• inconsistent adj. 不一致的；前后矛盾的 (with)
粒子运动和质量）
任何物理理论不过是一种假设，就这个意义而言，任 何物理理论总是暂时性的：你永远不能证明它。实验 的结果无论多少次与某种理论相符，你也不能确信下 一次实验结果将不会与该理论有矛盾。另一方面，你 只要发现有一次观察与理论的预言不相符，你就能否 定这一理论。正像科学哲学家卡尔波普索强调的那样 ，一种好的理论，其特点是该理论作出了一些预测， 这些预测在原则上能通过观察进行否定或证明有误。 如果观察到每次新的实验与理论的预言相符，则我们 对该理论的信心就不断增强；但只要发现曾经有一次 观察不相符，我们就不能不放弃或修改这一理论。尽 管这种情况本来就会出现，但是你也总会对观察者的 能力有所怀疑。
➢ Prevent sth, prevent ...from doing sth = keep sth from sth / doing sth
• Good lubrication prevents overheating. • Good lubrication prevents bearings from
being damaged. ➢ Avoid sth/ doing sth • Workers should avoid using these materials
wastefully. • By taking precautions in the factory we can
avoid the risk of accidents.
• quantum ['kwɔntəm] n. 量子论； Light quantum[物][量子] 光量子；[物][量子] 光子；[ 物][量子] 光电子 • mechanics [mi'kæniks] n. 力学（用作单数）；机械
学（用作单数）；结构；技术 • quantum mechanics [量子] 量子力学（解释次原子
Unit 2
What is a scientific theory? 何为科学理论？
➢ arbitrary ['ɑ:bitrəri] adj. [数] 任意的；武断的； 专制的
• arbitrary function 随意函数；任意函数 • arbitrary value 任意值 • A red light doesn't seem to enter into this sense
• hypothesis英 [haɪ‘pɒθɪsɪs]美 [haɪ’pɑθəsɪs] 假设 • [ 复数 hypotheses ] • hypothesis test 假设检验 1. I can see that this hypothesis is true in my life and I expect it to also be true in yours.
1. But critics of the Princeton study say the findings are
inconsistent — some of the rat groups, after all, showed
no differences in weight gain. 但是普林斯顿研究所的评论家说这些发现是前后矛盾 的，有一些鼠群在体重增加方面始终没有任何区别。
➢ Will, can and may: • May, can
1. 表示有时会发生 eg. The testing of the new plane may / can take a long time. 2. Can 表示客观能力 eg. We can easily calculate the frictional losses. 3. 表示可能性 eg. This problem can / may be approached in many ways.