2019人教版高中英语必修第一册全册各单元语法
高中英语人教版全七册教材各单元语法整理清单
2019版人教版高中英语全教材各单元语法汇总必修一Wele Unit 简单句的基本结构一、句子成分二、基本句子结构必修一Unit 1 短语的类型和功能一、名词短语二、形容词短语三、副词短语必修一Unit 2 将来时的表达一、现在进行时的基本用法二、现在进行时表将来的用法三、其他几种表示将来的结构必修一Unit 3 反意疑问句附加疑问句一、否定附加疑问句的回答二、回答附加疑问句的原则三、附加疑问句的几种特殊情况必修一Unit 4 限制性定语从句1关系代词一、关系代词的用法二、使用定语从句的注意事项必修一Unit 5 限制性定语从句2关系副词与“介词+关系代词”一、关系副词引导的定语从句二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句必修二必修二Unit 1 定语从句需注意的问题限制性定语从句一、基本概念二、关系词的种类和功能三、that和which引导定语从句的区别必修二Unit 2 现在进行时的被动语态1．现在进行时的被动语态的构成形式2．现在进行时的被动语态表示的意义3．现在进行时的被动语态注意要点必修二Unit 3 现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题必修二Unit 4 过去分词的功能一、过去分词作宾语补足语二、过去分词作定语必修二Unit 5 过去分词作状语一、过去分词作表语二、过去分词(短语)作状语必修三必修三Unit 1 动词ing形式作定语、表语一、动词ing形式作表语二、动词ing形式作定语必修三Unit 2 现在分词作宾语补足语、状语一、动词ing形式作状语二、动词ing形式作宾语补足语必修三Unit 3 省略句一、简单句中的省略二、并列句中的省略三、复合句中的省略四、其他的省略情况必修三Unit 4 动词不定式作定语、状语动词不定式一、结构二、用法必修三Unit 5 情态动词与过去将来时情态动词1.can/could的用法2.may/might的用法must/have to的用法3.shall/should的用法4.will/would的用法5.should/ought to的用法6.“情态动词＋have done”的用法。
高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册 动词语法知识点总结大全
动词（1）动词分类①实义动词（行为动词）②助动词③情态动词④系动词⑤静态动词⑥短语动词1.实义动词（行为动词）①用来表示动词②分及物动词与不及物动词（是否能直接加宾语）不及物动词高频：come explode laugh sit rise excel respond run cough swim emigrate smile act cry immigrate lie arrive continue go2.助动词（协助主要动词构成谓语的词）和情态动词（无词意）小三③Be动词a．构成进行时和被动语态b．Be动词作系动词，引表语/表语从句④Havea．构成完成时/完成进行时b．实义动词：have有意义等同eat/drink⑤Doa．构成疑问句/否定句/强调句b．实义动词：做3.情态动词+动词原形（有词意）妾①can/could②may/might③must④should/shall/ought to⑤would/will4.静态动词①表思想Believe，doubt，know，understand②表拥有Have，own，want，contain③表感觉Hear，see，smell④表情感Love，hate，want，need5.动词短语构成：动词+介词或动词+副词（通常与原动词含义不同）（二）动词的形式1.动词原形2.第三人称单数①一般现在时中②主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式A．直接动词词尾加sB．以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词加esC．辅音加y，变y为i加esD．不规则变化3.动名词与现在分词⑥直接词尾加ing⑦词尾去掉e，去掉e加ing⑧ie结尾的，变ie为y加ing⑨辅音+元音+辅音，双写词尾加ing4.动词过去式与过去分词A．规则动词的过去式加edB．以e结尾的动词词尾直接加dC．不规则变化5.动词时态5.1一般现在时形式：①肯定形式：第三人称单数用三单，其他用动词原形②否定形式：主语+do/does not+谓语动词原形③疑问形式：疑问词+do/does+主语+谓语动词原形用法：①现在时段发生的动作：I feel great！②习惯性动作/常发生的动作③表示客观真理④用于电影，赛事，时间的评论，独白，报道等⑤谈论时间表，日程表eg：The train leaves at half past four.⑥一般现在时表将来当主句为将来时或表将来意义时，时间和条件的状语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。
Sports+and+Fitness+单元短语总结知识清单 高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
Unit 3 Sports and Fitness单元语言点总结All sports for all people. ——Pierre de Coubertin 全民体育。
——皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦PartI Listening and Speaking(P36-37)1.invite a friend to a sports event 邀请朋友参加一个体育活动2.look at the posters 观看海报3.go to the soccer game 去看足球赛4.watch the boxing match 去看拳击比赛5.watch the badminton this afternoon 今天下午去看羽毛球赛6.run an exciting marathon 去跑刺激的马拉松赛7.full marathon 全马8.half marathon 半马9.an e-sports event 电子竞技比赛10.catch the main ideas 抓住主要信息11.helps the community 帮助社区12.buy water balloons filled with blue paint 买装满蓝色颜料的水球13.throw them at the runners 把它们扔向跑步者14.take part in 参加15.ski race 滑雪比赛16.host the competition 举办比赛17.track and field lovers 田径爱好者18.gym class 体育馆课程19.work out at a game 在游戏中锻炼20.sweat your way to good health 努力保持身体健康21.at least 3 times a week 至少一周三次22.lose weight 减重23.recommend you using the spin bike 建议你使用动感单车24.get used to 习惯于25.It’s up to you 这取决于你e的相关短语（1）come about 发生（2）come up 被提及（3）come up with 想出（4）come across 碰巧遇见（5）come true 实现（6）come on 加油！（7）come out 出版发行，（太阳、月亮）出现、露出PartII Listening and Talking(P41)27.voice your opinion on sportsmanship 对“运动员精神”表达你的观点28.do one’s best to win 尽某人最大的努力去赢pete for his country 为他的祖国而竞争30.pretend to fall down 假装摔倒31.get a chance to play 争取机会去运动32.pay people millions of yuan to play sports 付给人们数百万来从事体育运动33.make no sense 没有意义34.a fair play 一场公平的比赛PartIII Reading and Thinking (P38-39)35.choose your favorite athlete 选择你最喜爱的运动员36.make predictions 做预测37.relate...to 与...有关38.living legends （某方面极为杰出的）活着的传奇人物39.a master in... 一个...（方面）的大师40.set good examples for others 为其他人树立好榜样41.brought honor and glory to her country 给她的国家带来荣耀和荣誉42.lead sb. to gold medals 带领某人获得金牌43.World championships 世界锦标赛44.be loved by fans 被粉丝所喜爱45.at home and abroad 在国内外46.fall apart 崩溃47.the team captain 队长48.lose heart 丧失信息49.face difficulties 面对困难50.times seemed to stand still 时间就像停止一样51.graceful moves and jumps 优雅的动作和跳跃52.the secret to his success 他成功的秘诀53.learn from failures 从失败中学习54.share sth. with sb. 给某人分享某事55.the final seconds of a game 比赛的最后几秒PartIV Discovering Useful Structures (P40)——附加疑问句附加疑问句的型式：（1）否定式陈述部分+肯定式疑问部分回答时，Yes 意为不，No意为是。
Unit 3-4 语法汇总讲义-高中英语新人教版(2019)必修第一册
高中英语必修一语法汇总Unit 3：附加疑问句一、附加疑问句的定义附加疑问句，又称反义疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者建议。
二、附加疑问句的构成附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。
附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be 动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。
组成例句肯定式陈述部分＋否定附加疑问部分You often play badminton, don't you?You're going to the gym with me, aren't you？否定式陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分It's not a real sport, is it?They can't finish it by Friday, can they？含有否定词的陈述部分＋肯定附加疑问部分Nobody saw him walk into the room, did they?You've never been to Paris, have you？祈使句＋附加疑问部分Come along with me, will you？/can you？/won't you？/can't you?Don't make any noise, will you？附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。
如：(1)A：The29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing,weren't they?B：Yes,they were.(Yes, that's right.)(2)A：MichaelJordan started to play basketball in college, didn't he?B：No,he didn't. He first played in a team in senior high school.(3)A：Davidhas been to a boxing match, hasn't he?B：No,he hasn't. He always watches boxing on TV.(4)A：Youcan't cook, can you？你不会做饭，是吗？B：Yes,I can. I'm good at cooking.不，我会。
新教材 人教版高中英语必修第一册全册各单元重点语法汇总
人教版必修第一册全册重点语法汇总welcome unit ......................................................................................................................... - 1 -Unit 1 Teenage life Section .................................................................................................... - 3 -Unit 2 Travelling around ........................................................................................................ - 6 -Unit 3 Sports and fitness ....................................................................................................... - 8 -Unit 4 Natural disasters ......................................................................................................... - 8 -Unit 5 Languages around the world .................................................................................... - 10 -welcome unitGrammar简单句的八种基本句型一、主语＋谓语(S V)&二、主语＋谓语＋状语(S V Ad)特点：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语，但有时后跟状语修饰动词。
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结Unit One Friendship一、重点短语1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话2. set down 记下，放下3. a series of 一系列4. on purpose 有目的的5. in order to 为了6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻7. face to face 面对面8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动）join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事二、语法----直接引语和间接引语概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。
一般前后要加引号。
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。
间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”Mr. Black said that he was busy.变化规则（一）陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
Welcome Unit语法句子成分和基本句型高一英语(人教版2019必修1)
Welcome Unit语法句子成分和基本句型高一英语（人教版2019必修1）句子成分和基本句型的概念:1. 句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。
(1) 主语：名词、代词主格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等如：I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。
(2) 谓语：动词，一般位于主语之后如：He put the book on the table.他把书放在桌上。
(3) 宾语：名词、代词宾格、数词、动词不定式、动名词等如：I lost my school ID card. 我丢了校园卡。
(4)表语：在连系动词之后的形容词、名词、代词、动词不定式、介词短语等如：My keys are in my schoolbag. 我的钥匙在书包里。
(5)定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词、动名词不定式、介词短语等如：The white model plane is hers. 白色的飞机模型是她的。
(6)状语：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和分词短语等如：Sports star eats well. 运动明星吃得很好。
(7)宾语补足语：形容词、名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、分词等如：The loud music makes me nervous.吵闹的音乐使我很紧张。
(8)同位语：名词、数词、代词或从句如：Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。
(9)连系动词的种类：① be动词类：am，is，are，was，were②表示变化类：become，get，turn③感官动词类：look，sound，smell，taste，feel④表示延续性的动词：remain，stay，keep2. 简单句的五种基本句型英语句子按照结构来分，可以分为简单句，并列句和复合句。
简单句是含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。
【新教材】人教版(2019)高一英语必修第一册语法知识点复习提纲(全面!)
【新教材】人教版（2019）高一英语必修第一册语法知识点复习提纲（全书语法总览各单元搭配，词组，句型，重难点）全书语法总览Welcome Unit本单元主要语法点句子结构Unit 1 Teenage Life本单元主要语法点名词短语形容词短语和副词短语Unit 2 Travelling Around本单元主要语法点现在进行时表将来Unit 3 Sports and Fitness本单元主要语法点附加疑问句Unit 4 Natural Disasters本单元主要语法点定语从句（一）关系代词的用法Unit 5 Languages around the world本单元主要语法点定语从句（二）关系副词的用法Welcome unit【重点单词】design n. 设计；设计方案 vt. 设计；筹划 ( 教材 P2)(1)design sth. for 为…… 设计某物be designed to do ... 旨在做…… ，用于做……(2)make designs for ... 为…… 做设计by design ( ＝ on purpose) 故意地 ( 反义短语： by accident/by chance 偶然地 ) (3)designer n . 设计者①Our school invited two engineers to design _ a _ language _ lab _ for _ us .我们学校邀请了两位工程师为我们设计一个语言实验室。
②Project Hope is _ designed _ to _ help those children who drop out of school because of poverty.希望工程旨在帮助那些因为贫困而辍学的孩子。
③An Italian architecture designer is to make _ designs _ for the new bridge.一位意大利建筑设计师打算为这座新桥进行设计。
+Words+and+Expressions+单词讲义 高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
Unit 3 sports and fitness1 . fitnessn . 健康eg:The long climb tested our fitnessn . 适当；适合性eg:Her fitness for the job cannot be questioned .fitness center/club/equipment/training健身中心/俱乐部/设备/体能训练fit adj.健康的;合适的;能胜任的; vt.适合;安装unfit adj.不合适的，不胜任的2.event n .事件, 比赛项目,公开活动a historic event 历史性事件current/the latest events 当前事件/ 最新事件the major sporting events 重大体育赛事in the event of.../that....：倘若发生..eg:In the event that you are injured in theaccident, who will pay for the medical treatment?倘若你在事故中受伤，那么谁来支付医疗费用呢？3 . come along 跟随，到达，进步，赶快come～over 来访，拜访～about 产生，发生～across 偶然遇见；偶然发现～to 总计为；达到……地步；苏醒～out 出现；出版；开花；泄露～up 破土发芽；（太阳）升起；即将出现～up with 提出；想出when it comes to... 当谈到……；就……而论（to 是介词）【误区警示】1）come up with“提出”，及物动词短语，人作主语；2）come up“被提到”，不及物动词短语，物作主语，不用于被动语态。
4 . hostn.①.(聚会的) 主人 a host family 寄宿家庭hostess 女主人②.(举办某活动的) 东道主the host country/city主办国家/主办城市③.(广播或电视的) 节目主持人 a TV game show host 电视游戏节目主持人v.host a radio/television show/an event主持(广播或电视节目)/主办(活动)a host of = a lot of 大量(后面可接可数名词和不可数名词)5 .track n . & v.（1）n. 跑道；足迹；铁路轨道track and field 田径on the track of 追踪，追寻follow one’s track 跟着某人的足迹back on track 重新步入正轨keep/lose track of 与……保持/ 失去联系be on the right/wrong track 思路正确/ 错误（2）vt. & vi. 追踪；跟踪trackdown 追踪到，追查到After many days,the hunters were able to trackdown the dangerous bear.6 .work out 锻炼；计算出；解决；制定；理解，弄明白Tom works out in the gym two or three times a week .汤姆每周在健身房锻炼两三次。
高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册知识点整理(分单元编排)
高中英语必修一知识点整理U1Teenager life【四会词汇】volunteer /debate/prefer/content/challenge/confusing/recommend/advanced/obviously/solution/focus/schedule/quitfluent/responsible...【词组】be addicted to /sign up (for)/focus on /attract sb.to sth.be scheduled to do sth./a solution to …/have/take responsibility forbe responsible for sb/It is obvious that…/in advance/advanced technology/recommend sb. as.../recommend sb. to do sthprefer todo…r ather than do/........【句型句式】1.so that引导目的状语从句2.Studying hard isn't always fun…动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式3.在it作形式主语的句子中，真正的主语可以是不定式（短语）、动名词(短语）或从句4.make+宾语+宾语补足语【语法】名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语U2 Travelling around【四会词汇】contact/apply /amazing /amazed /unique/destination/arrangement/extremely /narrow/accommodation /admire /official/comment//credit/request /visa /economic/transport hike/tomb/unearth...【词组】apply for /Check out/Other than /in my view/put up/put down/put off Be based on/Make up/Be req uested to do/credit card/lose one’s sight/comment onarrange for sb. to do sth/be recognized as/admiresb.for( doing)sth/.make contact with sb....【句型句式】1.as引导的时间状语从句2.until作介词和连词的用法3.现在分词(短语)作结果状语4.which引导的非限制性定语从句【语法】现在进行时表示将来U3 Sports and fitness【四会词汇】fitness /event /ski /host /track /sweat/legend/honour/determination /injurecompete /pretend/audience/error/positive/championship/negative/pressure /cheat/legendgraceful /rather ....【词组】make it/make a difference/even if/though、fair play/compare…with/fall apartIn honor of/ give up/in the way/ by the way /fall down /speak highly of sb.../.come along...【句型句式】1.提建议常用句型Why not do sth.?2.here/there/now/then引起的完全倒装句3. even if/though 引导让步状语从句【语法】反义疑问句U4 Natural Disasters【四会词汇】disasters/rescue/ damage /destroy/affect /shelter /crack /shock Trap/bury/revive/unify/context/supply/emergency // summary ...【词组】it strikes sb. that…某人突然想到/crash into撞到……上/as usual和往常一样as if似乎；好像；仿佛/the number of……的数量/nothing but只有……/blow…away把……刮走、in the open air露天；在户外/on hand现有（尤指帮助）/carry out执行过着……的生活、out of gratitude出于感激....【句型句式】1.as if/though 引导的从句2.Leave +宾语+宾补【语法】限定性定语从句--关系代词U5 Languages around the world【四会词汇】native/attitude/despite/based /variety/major /regard /appreciate struggle /equal/demand /description /relate ...【词组】refer to提及/date back(to...)追溯(到……)/point of view 观点/the attitude to/towards ……对……的态度/pay attention to /be of great importance /be known for/lead to /be connected with /play a．..role in /be senior to / compare...with...aside from ...【句型句式】1.This/That is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期2.no matter＋特殊疑问词(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引导让步状语从句3.as 引导状语从句，意为“随着”4.the＋比较级， the＋比较级越……，就越……5.动词＋疑问词＋to do 结构【语法】关系副词when/where/why引导的定语从句。
新教材人教版高中英语必修第一册全册书各单元单词短语语法写作等知识点考点归纳总结
人教版必修第一册知识点总结Welcome Unit (1)Unit 1 Teenage Life (18)Unit 2 Travelling Around (35)Unit 3 Sports And Fitness (54)Unit 4 Natural Disasters (77)Unit 5 Languages Around The World (98)Welcome UnitFIRST IMPRESSIONS①Han Jing's World7：00 a．m.So this is it—senior high school at last②！I'm not outgoing so I'm a little anxious right now③.I want to make a good first impression.Will I make any friends④？What if⑤no one talks to me?12：30 p．m.I just had my first maths class at senior high school！The class was difficult，but the teacher was kind and friendly.He even told us a funny story，and everyone laughed so much！I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful [1]．[1]此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，most of my classmates and teachers 为宾语，friendly and helpful作宾补。
5：32 p．m.This afternoon，we had our chemistry class in the science lab.The lab is new and the lesson was great，but the guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time.I couldn't concentrate⑥on the experiment⑦.I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone⑧！10：29 p．m.What a day！[2]This morning，I was worried that no one would talk to me.But I was wrong.I didn't feel awkward⑨or frightened at all.I miss my friends from junior⑩high school，but I believe I will make new friends here，and there's a lot to explore⑪[3]at senior high.I feel much more confident⑫than I felt this morning.I think that tomorrow will be a great day![2]此句为what引导的感叹句。
人教版(2019)高一英语必修第一册 Unit2 现在进行时表将来 语法课件
二、现在进行时表示将来
1.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
I am seeing him off this afternoon. The young man is meeting his girlfriend this afternoon. I am publishing a book this year.
练一练！
I want to know when he ____B___ for New York tomorrow. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. has been leaving
三、be doing表示将来与be going to do和will do的比较
四、一般现在时表将来
New term begins on Septemberget there.
(1)-般现在时表将来，常表示按时刻表或日程表的安排所发生的动作。 (2)在条件状语从句或时间状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
现在进行时表示将来，主要用于按计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件， 句中般要有表示将来的时间状语。
练一练！
1. Betty i_s_l_e_a_v_i_n_g__(leave) for Guangzhou by plane at 3 this afternoon. Her brother Bob i_s_s_e_e__in_g__(see) her off. It’s half past one now. They_a_r_e__w_a_i_ti_n_g__ (wait) for a taxi outside the school gate. 2. The Brownsa_r_e__g_o_in__g (go) to the North China by train next week. They _a_re__s_t_a_ying (stay) in Beijing for a week. They __a_r_e__g_o_in__g__(go) to Xi’an. They _a_re__g_e_t_t_in_g__(get) there by air. 3. Some friends__a__re__c_o_m__in__g__ (come) to Anne’s birthday party this evening. Anne’s mother _i_s_ (be) busy __g_e_tt_i_n_g___ (get) ready for the birthday dinner. Anne is _h_e_l_p_in_g___(help) her mother now.
2019人教版高中英语必修第一册 welcome unit 语法 句子成分、八种基本句式
3．表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
① He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
② She is a clever girl. 她是一位聪明的女孩。
4．宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
① He wrote many plays.他写了许多剧本。
② She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳。
5．宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。
① I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
② I wish you a happy weekend. 我祝愿你周末愉快。
6．定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。
① It's an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。
② Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗？7．状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。
① We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。
② Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
③ She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。
8．同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。
①We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
②Li Hua, a middle school student, comes from the USA. 李华是一名来自美国的中学生。
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② I will wait for you at the school gate. 我要在校门口等你。
3．表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
① He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
② She is a clever girl. 她是一位聪明的女孩。
4．宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。
① He wrote many plays.他写了许多剧本。
② She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳。
5．宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。
① I've never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
② I wish you a happy weekend. 我祝愿你周末愉快。
6．定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。
① It's an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。
② Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗？7．状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。
① We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。
② Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
③ She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。
8．同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。
①We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
②Li Hua, a middle school student, comes from the USA. 李华是一名来自美国的中学生。
二、八种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。
八种基本句式如下：①主语＋谓语(不及物动词)；②主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语；③主语＋系动词＋表语；④主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语；⑤主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语；⑥主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语；⑦主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋状语；⑧There be...[句式一]主语＋谓语(不及物动词)该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。
其特点为：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
How time主语flies谓语！时间过得真快呀！And I主语can play谓语outside too! 我也可以在外面玩耍。
[即学即练1]单句写作(1)为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。
In order to keep healthy，we_should_exercise_every_day.(2)火车已离开了。
The_train_has_left.(3)你必须快点起床去赶早班车。
(1)There_is_a_young_man waiting for you at the school gate.有一个年轻人在校门口等你。
(2)There_is_a_spelling_mistake in the sentence.这个句子里有个拼写错误。
小试牛刀Ⅰ.按照要求，写出下列加黑句子的成分1．The theatre tickets have sold out.(主语)2．This kind of cloth washes well.(状语)3．What you said just now made me very happy.(宾补)4．Could you give me the letter？(宾语)5．I will study hard to learn English well.(谓语)6．Professor Smith, our math teacher, will return to his country tomorrow.(同位语) 7．As far as I know, Mary is a good student.(表语)8．He is a very kind lady.(定语)Ⅱ.写出下列句子所属的类型1．In other words, we are the master of our own future.答案：主语＋系动词＋表语2．This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语3．An old man was walking slowly and carefully.答案：主语＋谓语(不及物动词)＋状语4．Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语5．Friends made my life full of excitement.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语6．The sun was shining.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)7．The boss made him do the work day and night.答案：主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语(名词短语my best friend的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中充当表语)⑤ There are some red roses on that small table. 在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。
(名词短语some red roses的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语，该短语在句中充当主语；that small table也是名词短语，在句中作介词on的宾语)[即学即练1]写出下列句中的名词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分如：In my opinion, dancing is an exciting art form.构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋名词；作表语(1)The red clothes with five yellow stars are mine.构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作主语(2)They made him chairman of the meeting.构成形式：名词＋介词短语；作宾补(3)Miss Li, our math teacher, is very young.构成形式：_限定词＋名词＋名词；作同位语(4)The first young man is a bus driver.The first young man是：限定词＋序数词＋形容词＋名词；作主语a bus driver是：限定词＋名词＋名词；作表语二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)形容词短语：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。
常见形容词短语的构成形式有：副词＋形容词如：very suitable形容词＋enough如：good enough形容词＋介词短语如：good for nothing副词＋形容词＋介词如：well worthy of praise① I'm very glad to see you. 我见到你很高兴。
(副词＋形容词，作表语)② Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。
(形容词＋and/but＋形容词，该短语在句中充当表语)③The most beautiful tourist attraction in China is Mount Huang. 中国最美丽的旅游景点是黄山。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词tourist attraction)④ A good friend is someone who makes you really happy. 好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语)⑤Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.(形容词＋and＋形容词，该短语在句中作状语)⑥ The little boy is old enough to go to school.(形容词＋副词，该短语在句中充当表语)[即学即练2]写出下列句中的形容词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分如：It is less cold today than it was yesterday.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语(1) I find English very hard to learn.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作宾语补足语(2) Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.构成形式：副词＋and＋副词＋形容词；作表语(3) The road is long enough.构成形式：形容词＋副词；作表语(4) The medicine is good for stomach.构成形式：形容词＋介词短语；作表语(5)He looked very worried.构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)副词短语：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。
常见副词短语的构成形式为：(副词)＋副词如：much more beautifully① She is by no means poor. In fact, he is quite rich.(副词quite修饰形容词rich)② Bill did the work very well. 比尔的工作做得很好。
(副词very修饰副词well，副词短语very well修饰动词did)③ We are all entirely responsible for our actions. 我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。
(副词all修饰副词entirely副词短语all entirely修饰形容词短语responsible for)④Luckily, I will have enough spare time to take part in the activity. 幸运的是，我将有足够的时间参加活动。