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比较而言，电波的频率非常低，其能量是怎么也达不到产生自由基的程度。如在电视wifi 蓝牙无线手机 ，移动电话，微波炉，车库遥控和其他家用设备使用的VFH带中，电波所携带的能量（比如光量子）仅仅是几百万伏一个电子的能量。这几百万倍的能量因为太低而不能产生电离。要产生自由基，光量子需要聚集数个电子的能量。
雷达的转换机为10兆瓦——相当于现今功率最大民用广播台的20倍还要多——是由sizewell附近的核电站功能的。1971年测试阶段，当地海员秘密收到警告，不能进入指定区域，那里的微波能量扩散并弥漫到北海。电波束发射的能量足以灼伤他们的眼睛。
The British authorities never admitted whether the restriction was for the sailors’ protection, or merely to keep prying eyes away from a sensitive site. There is no doubt, though, that, close up, a 10-megawatt microwave beam would scramble an egg. Microwave ovens use a mere kilowatt to do that and more. The point of the anecdote is that the only physical effect radio waves have on living tissue—whether at the 4-40-megahertz part of the spectrum deployed at Orford Ness or in the 450-2,700-megahertz bands used by mobile phones—is to increase the surface temperature.
2010年5月，经过13个国家小组十多年的研究，国际癌症研究机构得出了一项标志性的结论，使用手机不会给身体带来任何负面影响。确实，这项研究强调目前手机使用者所面临的最大危险不是脑癌而是一边打电话一边开车所造成的交通事故伤害。由电波而引起的体表升温比太阳直射所产生的要低。
The Group 2B classification the IARC has now adopted for mobile phones refers to “possible”, not “probable” (Group 2A) nor “proven” (Group 1), carcinogens—and ranks the mobile phone’s health risk alongside the chance of getting cancer from coffee, petrol fumes and surgical implants such as stents and false teeth. In other words, pretty small and, even if such effects were ever detected, nothing to get hysterical about.
All of which leaves your correspondent a little puzzled as to why the World Health Organisation should recently have reversed itself on the hazard that mobile phones pose to people’s health. Late last month, the organisation’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) decided to classify radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (ie, radio waves) as “a possible carcinogenic to humans” based on a perceived risk of glioma, a malignant type of brain cancer.
英国当局一直没有声明这一限制到底是为了保护海员还是仅仅为了让人们猎奇的目光转离这一敏感地带。但是毫无疑问，如果靠得很近的话，10兆瓦的微波束能够炒熟一个鸡蛋。微波炉仅用千瓦的微波量就可以做到或者更甚。这一传闻的重点是微波对于身体组织的物理作用——无论是orford ness使用的频谱上4-40兆赫兹的部分还是应用于手机上的450-2700 兆赫兹带——是会增加表皮的温度。
另一种发动机：大脑中的声音
Jun 10th 2011, 23:18 by N.V. | LOS ANGELES
2011-06பைடு நூலகம்10， 23：18 原作NV 洛杉矶
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Fears about the safety of mobile phone are overdone
对手机安全性的过分焦虑，
AT THE height of the cold war, one of the most powerful radar stations in the world flooded the Soviet Union with a river of microwave radiation from a huge antenna array at Orford Ness on the Suffolk coast of Britain. Bouncing off the ionosphere, the “over-the-horizon” radar swept across eastern Europe to Plesetsk and beyond in the heart of Russia. It was designed to provide early warning of any Soviet bombers or ballistic missiles being launched against the West.
在冷战兴盛时期，苏联充斥着来自世界最大雷达站之一的雷达设备发射的微波辐射，这个雷达站位于大不列颠suffolk海岸，有一排巨型的发射天线组成。高于地平线的雷达线，经电离层反射之后横扫东欧到达plesetsk甚至更远，这这属于俄国的腹地。这是用来警告任何用来对付西方国家的苏联轰炸机和轰炸导弹的。
The radar’s 10-megawatt transmitter—20 times more powerful than the mightiest civilian broadcasting stations of the day—was powered by electricity from the nearby Sizewell nuclear power station. When testing started in 1971, local sailors were quietly warned not to enter a designated zone where the microwave energy rippled out across the North Sea. Heat from the beam, they were informed, “would fry their eyeballs”.
By contrast, at their much lower frequencies, radio waves do not carry anywhere near enough energy to produce free radicals. The “quanta” of energy (ie, photons) carried by radio waves in, say, the UHF band used by television, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cordless phones, mobile phones, microwave ovens, garage remotes and many other household devices have energy levels of a few millionths of an electron-volt. That is roughly a million times too weak to cause ionisation. To produce free radicals, photons need to pack at least a couple of electron-volts of energy.
No matter how powerful the transmitter, radio waves simply cannot produce ionising radiation. Only gamma rays, X-rays and extreme ultra-violet waves, which operate in the far (ie, high-frequency) end of the electromagnetic spectrum, along with fission fragments and other particles from within an atom, and cosmic rays (those particles' equivalents from outer space) are energetic enough to knock electrons off other atoms to break chemical bonds and produce dangerous molecules called free radicals. It is these highly reactive free radicals that damage a person’s DNA, causing mutation, radiation sickness, cancer and death, depending X无论转换机功率多大，电波是不能产生电离辐射的。仅有伽马射线，X射线和极端紫外线 在原子裂变的碎片以及其他小物体作用下，或者宇宙射线才具备足够的能量改变院子的电离层结构从而改变化学联系从而产生被称为自由radical的危险分子。这些高活性的radical会破坏人的DNA,从而引发突变辐射病，癌症甚至死亡。
对于世界卫生组织进来推翻自己关于移动电话给人类带来的危害方面的结论，作者有些不解。上个月底，who的国际癌症研究机构决定将电波磁场（如，电波）归为可能致癌物，基于引发glioma（一种恶性脑癌）的危险，
In May 2010, following a landmark, decade-long study undertaken by teams in 13 countries, the IARC reported that no adverse health effects could be associated with the use of mobile phones. Indeed, the group went so far as to highlight the biggest risk to mobile-phone users as being, not brain cancer, but road-traffic injuries caused by talking while driving. As for the heating effects of radio waves, the increase in temperature of the skin caused by holding a mobile phone close to the ear was found to be an order of magnitude less than that caused by being exposed to direct sunlight.
雷达的转换机为10兆瓦——相当于现今功率最大民用广播台的20倍还要多——是由sizewell附近的核电站功能的。1971年测试阶段，当地海员秘密收到警告，不能进入指定区域，那里的微波能量扩散并弥漫到北海。电波束发射的能量足以灼伤他们的眼睛。
The British authorities never admitted whether the restriction was for the sailors’ protection, or merely to keep prying eyes away from a sensitive site. There is no doubt, though, that, close up, a 10-megawatt microwave beam would scramble an egg. Microwave ovens use a mere kilowatt to do that and more. The point of the anecdote is that the only physical effect radio waves have on living tissue—whether at the 4-40-megahertz part of the spectrum deployed at Orford Ness or in the 450-2,700-megahertz bands used by mobile phones—is to increase the surface temperature.
2010年5月，经过13个国家小组十多年的研究，国际癌症研究机构得出了一项标志性的结论，使用手机不会给身体带来任何负面影响。确实，这项研究强调目前手机使用者所面临的最大危险不是脑癌而是一边打电话一边开车所造成的交通事故伤害。由电波而引起的体表升温比太阳直射所产生的要低。
The Group 2B classification the IARC has now adopted for mobile phones refers to “possible”, not “probable” (Group 2A) nor “proven” (Group 1), carcinogens—and ranks the mobile phone’s health risk alongside the chance of getting cancer from coffee, petrol fumes and surgical implants such as stents and false teeth. In other words, pretty small and, even if such effects were ever detected, nothing to get hysterical about.
All of which leaves your correspondent a little puzzled as to why the World Health Organisation should recently have reversed itself on the hazard that mobile phones pose to people’s health. Late last month, the organisation’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) decided to classify radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (ie, radio waves) as “a possible carcinogenic to humans” based on a perceived risk of glioma, a malignant type of brain cancer.
英国当局一直没有声明这一限制到底是为了保护海员还是仅仅为了让人们猎奇的目光转离这一敏感地带。但是毫无疑问，如果靠得很近的话，10兆瓦的微波束能够炒熟一个鸡蛋。微波炉仅用千瓦的微波量就可以做到或者更甚。这一传闻的重点是微波对于身体组织的物理作用——无论是orford ness使用的频谱上4-40兆赫兹的部分还是应用于手机上的450-2700 兆赫兹带——是会增加表皮的温度。
另一种发动机：大脑中的声音
Jun 10th 2011, 23:18 by N.V. | LOS ANGELES
2011-06பைடு நூலகம்10， 23：18 原作NV 洛杉矶
• Tweet
•
Fears about the safety of mobile phone are overdone
对手机安全性的过分焦虑，
AT THE height of the cold war, one of the most powerful radar stations in the world flooded the Soviet Union with a river of microwave radiation from a huge antenna array at Orford Ness on the Suffolk coast of Britain. Bouncing off the ionosphere, the “over-the-horizon” radar swept across eastern Europe to Plesetsk and beyond in the heart of Russia. It was designed to provide early warning of any Soviet bombers or ballistic missiles being launched against the West.
在冷战兴盛时期，苏联充斥着来自世界最大雷达站之一的雷达设备发射的微波辐射，这个雷达站位于大不列颠suffolk海岸，有一排巨型的发射天线组成。高于地平线的雷达线，经电离层反射之后横扫东欧到达plesetsk甚至更远，这这属于俄国的腹地。这是用来警告任何用来对付西方国家的苏联轰炸机和轰炸导弹的。
The radar’s 10-megawatt transmitter—20 times more powerful than the mightiest civilian broadcasting stations of the day—was powered by electricity from the nearby Sizewell nuclear power station. When testing started in 1971, local sailors were quietly warned not to enter a designated zone where the microwave energy rippled out across the North Sea. Heat from the beam, they were informed, “would fry their eyeballs”.
By contrast, at their much lower frequencies, radio waves do not carry anywhere near enough energy to produce free radicals. The “quanta” of energy (ie, photons) carried by radio waves in, say, the UHF band used by television, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cordless phones, mobile phones, microwave ovens, garage remotes and many other household devices have energy levels of a few millionths of an electron-volt. That is roughly a million times too weak to cause ionisation. To produce free radicals, photons need to pack at least a couple of electron-volts of energy.
No matter how powerful the transmitter, radio waves simply cannot produce ionising radiation. Only gamma rays, X-rays and extreme ultra-violet waves, which operate in the far (ie, high-frequency) end of the electromagnetic spectrum, along with fission fragments and other particles from within an atom, and cosmic rays (those particles' equivalents from outer space) are energetic enough to knock electrons off other atoms to break chemical bonds and produce dangerous molecules called free radicals. It is these highly reactive free radicals that damage a person’s DNA, causing mutation, radiation sickness, cancer and death, depending X无论转换机功率多大，电波是不能产生电离辐射的。仅有伽马射线，X射线和极端紫外线 在原子裂变的碎片以及其他小物体作用下，或者宇宙射线才具备足够的能量改变院子的电离层结构从而改变化学联系从而产生被称为自由radical的危险分子。这些高活性的radical会破坏人的DNA,从而引发突变辐射病，癌症甚至死亡。
对于世界卫生组织进来推翻自己关于移动电话给人类带来的危害方面的结论，作者有些不解。上个月底，who的国际癌症研究机构决定将电波磁场（如，电波）归为可能致癌物，基于引发glioma（一种恶性脑癌）的危险，
In May 2010, following a landmark, decade-long study undertaken by teams in 13 countries, the IARC reported that no adverse health effects could be associated with the use of mobile phones. Indeed, the group went so far as to highlight the biggest risk to mobile-phone users as being, not brain cancer, but road-traffic injuries caused by talking while driving. As for the heating effects of radio waves, the increase in temperature of the skin caused by holding a mobile phone close to the ear was found to be an order of magnitude less than that caused by being exposed to direct sunlight.