山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语18-20年真题
山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试基础英语试卷
山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试基础英语试卷PART I GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY(20points)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1.The newly-built Science Building seems________enough to last a hundred years.A)spacious B)sophisticated C)substantial D)ready2.Once you get to know your mistakes,you should______them as soon as possible.A)rectify B)reclaim C)refrain D)reckon3.The circus has always been very popular because it______both the old and the young.A)immerses B)indulges C)fascinates D)facilitates4.These melodious folk songs are generally_____to Smith,a very important musician of the century.A)devoted B)contributed C)composed D)ascribed5.Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become_______and are no longerused in the present days.A)obsolete B)obscene C)obvious D)oblique6.Nancy’s gone to work but her car’s still there.She______by bus.A)should have goneB)must have goneC)ought to have goneD)could have gone7.After______seemed an endless wait,it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.A)that B)it C)what D)there8.I hope all the precautions against air pollution,_____suggested by the local government,will beseriously considered here.A)while B)since C)after D)as9._______that should be given priority to.A)It is what has the government decidedB)It is what the government has decidedC)It is only the government has decidedD)It is the government has decided10.Mobility is one of the characteristics often______executives,and they must accustom themselvesto moving quite regularly.A)demanded of B)asked for C)expected from D)called for11.I found it difficult to______my career ambitions with the need to bring up my children.A)consolidate B)intensify C)amend D)reconcile12.While crossing the mountain area,all the men carried guns lest they_______by wild animals.A)should be attackedB)had been attackedC)must be attackedD)would be attacked13.I am surprised_______this city is a dull place to live in.A)that you would thinkB)that you should thinkC)by what you are thinkingD)with what you were thinking14.Living in the western part of the country has its problems,______obtaining fresh water is not theleast.A)with which B)for which C)of which D)which15.Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field,he succeeded_____othermore well-informed experimenters failed.A)which B)that C)what D)where16.“May I speak to your manager Mr.Williams at five o’clock tonight?”“I’m sorry.Mr.Williams______to a conference long before then.”A)will have gone B)had gone C)would have gone D)has gone17.It was recommended that passengers_____smoke during the flight.A)not B)need not C)could not D)would not18.It’s amazing that two researchers working independently made the same discovery_____.A)spontaneously B)simultaneously C)collaboratively D)conscientiously19.He could produce no evidence_______his argument.A)in respect of B)in view of C)in support of D)on account of20.You must either_____to the rules or leave the schoo1.A)contempt B)contend C)conform D)confrontPART II READING COMPREHENSION(40points)Directions:There are four passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions21to25are based on the following passage.Everybody loves a fat pay rise.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-cooperative creatures,and they share their food readily.Above all,like their femalehuman counterparts they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of“goods and services”than males.Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins,grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it seems,are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is, as yet,an unanswered question.21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by_______A)posing a contrast B)justifying an assumptionC)making a comparison D)explaining a phenomenon22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph1)implies that_______A)monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B)resenting unfairness is also monkeys’nature.C)monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other.D)no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are_______A)more inclined to weigh what they get.B)attentive to researchers’instructions.C)nice in both appearance and temperament.D)more generous than their male companions.24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________A)prefer grapes to cucumbers.B)can be taught to exchange things.C)will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.D)are unhappy when separated from others.25.When can we infer from the last paragraph?A)Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B)Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C)Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D)Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Questions26to30are based on the following passage.“Masterpieces are dumb”wrote Flaubert.“They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature,like large animals and mountains.”He might have been thinking of War and Peace,that vast, silent work,unfathomable and simple,provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoy’s simplicity is“overpowering,”says the critic Bayley,“disconcerting,”because it comes from “his casual assumption that the world is as he sees it”;like other19th century Russian writers he is “impressive”because he“means what he says.”But he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life,which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist.He is the center of his work,but his egocentricity is of a special kind.“Goethe,for example,”says Bayley,“cared for nothing but himself.”Tolstoy was nothing but himself.For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction,Tolstoy and his work are of a piece.The famous“conversion”of his middle years,movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life,not a departure from it.The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable,from a joyous,buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism,from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata,came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience.“Truth is my hero,”wrote Tolstoy in his youth,reporting the fighting in Sebastopol.Truth remained his hero-his own, not others’truth.Others were awed by Napoleon,believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations,adhered to meaningless rituals,formed their tastes on established canons of art.Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions,and in every reversal he overthrew the“system”,the“machine,”the externally ordained belief,the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic,impulsive life,of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.In his work the artificial and genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition:the supposedly great Napoleon and the truly great,unregarded little Captain Tushin,or Nicholas Rostov’s actual experience in battle and his later account for it.The simple is always pitted against the elaborate. Knowledge gained from observation against assertions of borrowed faiths.Tolstoy’s magical simplicity is a produce of these tensions;his work is a record of the questions he put to himself and of his fiction exemplify this search,and their happiness depends on the measure of their answer.Tolstoy wanted happiness,but only hard-won happiness,that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the price of all-consuming effort.He scorned lesser satisfaction.26.Which of the following can best summarize Flaubert’s statement in the first paragraph?A)The most important aspects of good art are the orderliness and tranquility.B)Masterpieces seem ordinary and unremarkable from the perspective of a later age.C)Important works of art take their place in the pageant of history with uniqueness.D)Great works of art do not explain themselves any more than natural objects do.27.The author quotes from Bayley to show that Tolstoy________A)writes novels that are reports of copying actual events.B)maintains no self-conscious distance from his experience.C)often writes his works in a quite simple way.D)works casually to make his works with inexplicable truth.28.What’s the author’s attitude towards Tolstoy?A)She deprecates the cynicism of his later works.B)She finds him theatrically artificial.C)She admires his wholehearted sincerity.D)She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.29.According to the passage,Tolstoy’s conversion is_______A)a radical renunciation of the world.B)the natural consequence of his early beliefs.C)the acceptance of a religion he had rejected.D)the rejection of avant-garde ideas.30.We can infer the following from the passage EXCEPT that______A)Confession belongs to an early period of Tolstoy’s work.B)in his works Tolstoy might express his discontent to the society.C)the hero wouldn’t obtain happiness if he couldn’t get the answer.D)the easily-obtained happiness is rejected by Tolstoy.Questions31to35are based on the following passage.In most sectors of the economy,it is the seller who attempts to act a potential buyer with various inducements of price,quality,and utility,and it is the buyer who makes the decision.In the health care industry,however,the doctor-patient relationship is a mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer.Once an individual has chosen to see a physician,the physician usually makes all significant purchasing decisions:whether the patient should return“next Wednesday”,whether X-rays are needed,whether drugs should be prescribed,etc.This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care.The physician must certify the need for hospitalization,determine what procedures will be performed,and announce when the patient may be discharged.The patient maybe consulted about some of these decisions,but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final.Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real“consumer”.As a consequence,the medical staff represents the“power center”in hospital policy and decision-making,not the administration.Although usually,there are in this situation four identifiable participants—the physician,the hospital,the patient and the payer(generally an insurance carrier or government)—the physician makes the essential decision for all of them.The hospital becomes an extension of the physician;the payer generally meets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician/hospital;and for the most part, the patient plays a passive role.In routine or minor illnesses,or just plain worries,the patient’s options are,of course,much greater with respect to use and price.But in illnesses that are of some significance, such choice tends to evaporate.And it is for these illness that the bulk of the health care dollar is spent.We estimate that about75~80percent of health care expenditures are determined by physicians,not patients.For this reason,economy measures directed at patients or the general public are relatively ineffective.31.In this passage,the author’s primary purpose is to________.A)criticize doctor for exercising too much control over patientB)analyze some important economic factors in health careC)urge hospitals to reclaim their decision-making authorityD)inform potential patient of their health care rights32.It can be inferred that doctors are able to determine hospital policies because________.A)it is doctors who generate income for the hospitalB)most of a patient’s bills are paid by his health insuranceC)a doctor is ultimately responsible for a patient’s healthD)administrations lack the expertise to question medical decisions33.According to the author,when a doctor tells a patient to“return next Wednesday”,the doctor is ineffect________.A)taking advantage of the patient’s concern for his healthB)instructing the patient to buy more medical serviceC)warning the patient that a hospital stay might be necessaryD)advising the patient to seek a second opinion34.The author is most probably leading up to________.A)a proposal to control medical costB)a discussion of new medical treatmentC)a comparison of hospitals and factoriesD)an analysis of causes inflation in the U.S.35.The tone of the author can be best described as_________.A)whimsicalB)cautiousC)analyticalD)inquisitiveQuestions36to40are based on the following passage.In order to tell what I believe,I must briefly sketch something of my personal history.The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising business career and study music.My parents,although sympathetic,and sharing my love of music,disapproved of it as a profession.This was understandable in view of the family background.My grandfather had taught music for nearly forty years at Springhill College in Mobile and,though much beloved and respected in the community,earned barely enough to provide for his large family.My father often said it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of my grandmother that kept the wolf at bay.As a consequence of this example in the family,the very mention of music as a profession carried with it a picture of a precarious existence with uncertain financial rewards.My parents insisted upon college instead of a conservatory of music,and to college I went—quite happily,as I remember,for although I loved my violin and spent most of my spare time practicing,I had many other interests.Before my graduation form Columbia,the family met with severe financial reverses and I felt it my duty to leave college and take a job.Thus I launched upon a business career—which I always think of as the wasted years.Now I do not for a moment mean to disparage business.My whole point is that it was not for me.I went into it for money,and aside from the satisfaction of being able to help the family,money is all I got out of it.It was not enough.I felt that life was passing me by.From being merely discontented I became acutely miserable.My one ambition was to save enough to quit and go to Europe to study music.I used to get up at dawn to practice before I left for“downtown”,distracting my poor mother by bolting a hasty breakfast at the last minute.Instead of lunching with my business associates,I would seek out some cheap café,order a meager meal and scribble my harmony exercises.I continued to make money,and finally,bit by bit,accumulated enough to enable me to go abroad.The family being once more solvent, and my help no longer necessary,I resigned from my position and,feeling like a man released from jail, sailed for Europe.I stayed four years,worked harder than I had ever dreamed of working before and enjoyed every minute of it.“Enjoyed”is too mild a word.I walked on air.I really lived.I was a free man and I was doing what I loved to do and what I was meant to do.If I had stayed in business,I might be a comparatively wealthy man today,but I do not believe I would have made a success of living.I would have given up all those intangibles,those inner satisfactions,that money can never buy,and that are too often sacrificed when a man’s primary goal is financial success.When I broke away from business,it was against the advice of practically all my friends and family. So conditioned are most of us to the association of success with money that the thought of giving up a good salary for an idea seemed little short of insane.If so,all I can say is“Gee!It’s great to be crazy.”Money is a wonderful thing,but it is possible to pay too high a price for it.36.What is the rhetoric device used in the sentence“it was only the hardheaded thriftiness of mygrandmother that kept the wolf at bay”in Paragraph Two?A)Synecdoche B)SimileC)Personification D)Metaphor37.The point of Paragraph Four is about_______A)how painfully the author endured his business career for his goal of music.B)how boring the author’s business career was that he could not wait to quit.C)how busy the author’s business career was that he rarely had good breakfasts.D)how depressed the author felt because he had to support the whole family.38.The sentence“I walked on air”in Paragraph Five indicates that the author______A)could not find his place in a totally new environment.B)felt at loss when beginning a new life away from home.C)was exceedingly happy because he had quitted his job which he didn’t like to do.D)felt elevated and optimistic because he was doing what he loved to do.39.According to the author’s view,money is_______A)nothing but impediment to success.B)valuable but not the most important.C)sometimes equaled to success.D)capable of offering people freedom.40.To the author,the real success in his life is_______A)to help his family out of financial trouble.B)to earn enough money so as to do what he wants to do.C)to gain inner satisfaction from what he loves to do.D)to work hard and try to enjoy the work itself.PART III TRANSLATION(50points)SECTION A:CHINESE TO ENGLISH(25points)Read the following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into English.哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。
山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语2019年考研真题
Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community: No.1 Income growth No.2 Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative) No.3 Per-capita local government spending
Passage 2 Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing
2015年山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2015年山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to perspective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure andstrain of work, but in spite of this some students still find timefor great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and itwill be of benefit to him later in his career.SSS_SINGLE_SELNormally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.A36B20C1215分值: 2答案:C细节题。
山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语18-20年真题
山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语18-20年真题Part I Reading Comprehension(2*25=50points)Directions:There are five passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Decide on the best choice.Passage1The story that traces life from sea to land then into the multiple niches that exist there for a great variety lo living things is a fascinating one,but far too detailed for our purposes.One key point for us in that story is the emergence of the biological class of animals that are called mammals.Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed.They are warm blooded;that is, they have a system of temperature control that keeps the body at a constant temperature.Mammals have a set of teeth of different shapes that serve different functions such as cutting,gouging,and grinding. Young mammals spend their earliest days of development shielded within the mother’s body and are then born live,rather than hatching from eggs.In addition,after birth they are nourished by milk provided by the mother’s mammary glands.The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene.Young mammals play—something that amphibians and reptiles never do—which provides additional learning opportunities.The foregoing list leaves little doubt that we are mammals.There are,of course,a great many kinds ofmammals,most of which developed after the great extinction of dinosaurs and other reptiles about65million years ago that opened opportunities for the few small mammals that were already in existence.One of the groups of。
2018年山东大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷
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2018 年山东大学 211 翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷·············································· 2
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山东科技大学836英语综合18-19年真题
山东科技大学836英语综合18-19年真题Part I LinguisticsI.Give the definitions of the following terms(20points)/doc/7a16557530.html,nguage2.Cultural transmission3.Pidgin4.Phoneme5.Agreement6.Consonant7.Deep structure/doc/7a16557530.html,nguage transfer9.Indirect speech acts10.SemanticsII.Choose the correct answer(20points)1.The sense relation between the two words“died”and“killed”is__.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.hyponymyD.co-hyponymy2.The distinction between“langue”and“parole”was introduced by_____.A.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday3.Which of the following is not a correct description of[f]?A.voicelessB.fricative/doc/7a16557530.html,biodental4.The word“e-mail”is a________in terms of word-formation./doc/7a16557530.html,poundB.borrowingC.inventionD.blending5.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is called______.A.social dialectB.regional dialectC.temporal dialectD.ethnic dialect6.Utterances often influence the feelings or actions of the audience,which Austin calls the performance of a/an_________________.A.locutionary actB.perlocutionary actC.illocutionary actD.performative act7.What kind of function does the sentence“Stand up”have?A.directiveB.phatic/doc/7a16557530.html,rmativeD.evocative8.The underlined part in the word“submit”is a_____________.A.bound rootB.free morphemeC.suffix9.In“He has become a man”,what is communicated in the second“man”is called___________.A.connotative meaningB.social meaningC.affective meaningD.conceptual meaning10.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics.A.appliedB.diachronic/doc/7a16557530.html,parativeD.synchronicIII.True or false Questions(10points)1.In English,long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a longvowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.2.The smallest meaningful unit of language is morpheme.3.Metaphor and metonymy are two major ways for semantic broadening.4.There is no such a thing as category of aspect in Chinese.5.British English is standard dialect while American English is one regional dialect.6.“His daughter is a teacher”entails“He has a daughter”.7.“Kicking the ball”is an endocentric construction with“kicking”as its head.8.In English,we have five long vowels.9.Tenor is about the relations between the participants in the communication.10.Age,personality,motivation and attitude are all consideredvariables influencingSLA.IV.Answer the following questions briefly.(20points)1.Try to explain the semantic triangle.(5points)2.Explain with examples the various types of antonyms in English.(5points)3.Which version of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis do you agree with?Why?(5points)4.Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis.(5scores)The boy might take my advice.(2)The professor taught linguistics at this university.(3)V.Discussion(20points)1.Primates like Chimpanzees have been trained to communicate with human withbody gestures.What do you think are the differences between this k ind of“language”and our language.(10)2.Analyze B’s answer in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle.(10)A:Tehran is in Turkey,isn’t it,teacher?B:Yes,dear.And London is in American,I suppose.Part Two LiteratureI.Matching(16points)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II1.Arthur Miller A.Lord Jim2.Henry James B.The School for Scandal3.James Fennimore Cooper C.Ivanhoe4.Richard Brinsley Sheridan D.Death of a Salesman/doc/7a16557530.html,wrence E.The Wingsof the Dove6.George Eliot F.Vanity Fair7.Joseph Conrad G.The Last of the Mohicans8.Jack London H.The Call of the Wild/doc/7a16557530.html,dy Chatterlay’s LoverJ.The Mill on the Floss。
2012年山东科技大学-357英语翻译基础
2012年山东科技大学-357英语翻译基础山东科技大学2012年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试英语翻译基础试卷一、Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each. (30 points)1. WTO2. SARS3. GPS4. PBOC5. ICJ6. ISO7. EU8. FIFA9. IPR10. International Monetary Fund11. most favored nations12. Genetic mutation13. Aids14. European Free Trade Association15. International Atomic Energy Agency16. 优惠关税17. 红白喜事18. 安居工程19. 保税区20. 不正之风21. 春运22. 第三产业23. 闭路电视24. 不良贷款25. 非处方26. 世界卫生组织27. 中国质量认证中心28. 运费价/到岸价29. 国际音标30.全国人民代表大会二、Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120 points)Source Text 1:A Water BridgeAcross Panama runs a world-famous “water bridge”, and that is the Panama Canal. Last summer vacation I went with my parents on a sightseeing tour along it, which is still fresh in my memory.Having got to Panama City by air, we boarded a pleasure boat in the port of Balboa and sailed into the canal. The boat traveled 13 km and reached the first group of water locks. The Panama Canal is thus a “water bridge” that allows ships to cross land by the opening and closing of water locks.We began “getting onto the bridge”. When the boat had sailed into the lock chamber, the steel gate, 2 meters thick, 20 meters high and wide and hundreds of tons in weight, slowly closed, and water began running into the chamber, which continued for a few minutes. The boat rose with the water and advanced slowly, pulled along by power cars along both banks. Two lifts like that raised the boat 16 meters. It sailed out of thelock across a small lake and came to the second group of locks, which raised the boat another 9.5 meters. In this way, the boat, now 26 meters above sea level, had got onto the “top of the bridge”. It saile d along the main channel, which stretched 13 km between beautiful hills as steep as if cut apart with a sword and covered with green trees and colorful flowers.The boat sailed out of the gorge and into the wide Gatún Lake, with white clouds and distant hills reflected in it and pretty isles passing into and out of sight. After a leisurely journey of 38 km on the lake, the boat came to the Gatún Locks, and there began its “descent down the bridge”. The Gatún Locks, three in number, looked like so many gigantic steps. After getting through the locks, the boat had descended to the same level as the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. The beautiful Caribbean Sea came into view as it sailed into the Limón Bay.We had come from the Pacific to the Atlantic, two great oceans separated by land but linked by the Panama Canal. The canal is 81.8 km in length and 150 to 304 m in width. Ships of 50,000 tons can pass it unimpeded all around the clock. It is truly worthy of the name of “the Bridge of the World”. Full of hearty praises am I for man’s wisdom and courage in transforming nature! I admire you, the people of Panama!The guide told us that the Panamanian people had high aspirations. On the one hand, they were working to improve the existent canal, and on the other hand, they were planning for an even longer one, which, it was estimated, would take 10 years to complete, and which would be the greatest project in man’s history. We look forward to its early completion.Source Text 2:信用卡信用卡可以使持卡人以赊账的方式购买商品，享受服务。
2018年山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2018年山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Reading ComprehensionPassage 1The story that traces life from sea to land then into the multiple niches that exist there for a great variety lo living things is a fascinating one, but far too detailed for our purposes. One key point for us in that story is the emergence of the biological class of animals that are called mammals.Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed. They are warm blooded; that is, they have a system of temperature control that keeps the body at a constant temperature. Mammals have a set of teeth of different shapes that serve different functions such as cutting, gouging, and grinding. Young mammals spend their earliest days of development shielded within the mother’s body and are then born live, rather than hatching from eggs. In addition, after birth they are nourished by milk provided by the mother’s mammary glands. The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene. Young mammals play—something that amphibians and reptiles never do—which provides additional learning opportunities.The foregoing list leaves little doubt that we are mammals. There are, of course, a great many kinds of mammals, most of which developed after the great extinction of dinosaurs and other reptiles about 65 million years ago that opened opportunities for the few small mammals that were already in existence. One of the groups of mammals that resulted was a biological order called Primates which includes monkeys, apes, humans, and some smaller creatures familiar only to ardent zoo goers. Primates share a number of behavioral features that have played important roles in their evolutionary development. Most primates are arboreal; that is, they spend their lives in and among trees. Their tree-climbing and tree-dwelling habits impose needs that are reflected in primate anatomy. Although diet varies from species to species, many primates are largely vegetarian. But they can eat and digest meat, and some species vary their diets of leaves, shoots, and fruits by eating insects, birds’ eggs, and even small animals. Primates are hand-feeders, depending on their hands both to collect food and to get it into their mouths.Perhaps the most important feature of their behavior is that primates are social animals. Their genetics, habits, and even their survival are geared to living in groups. Although human beings **e to have a way of life very different from that of typical primates, the basic primate adaption provided prehumans with capabilities that allowed them to become culture-builders.The anatomical features that separate primates from other kinds of animals relate clearly to the way primates behave.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhere do you think is the passage from?ANewspaperBGazetteCJournalDScience magazine该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:D从全文内容来看，文章主要讲述了哺乳类及灵长目动物的特点及生活习惯等，属于科普类文章，所以最有可能刊登在科学杂志上。
山东科技大学翻译硕士真题
一、次の文の下線をつけた言葉の読み方を一つ選びなさい。
（0.5×10＝5点）問：天井から雨水が漏れ、床が水浸しになってしまった。
1、天井 aてんい ｂてんこ ｃてんしょう ｄてんじょう2、雨水 aあめみず ｂあまみず ｃうすい ｄうみず3、漏れ aこぼれ ｂたれ ｃもれ ｄとれ4、水浸し aすいしんしｂすいじん ｃみずひたし ｄみずびたし問：校内では禁煙になっております。
おタバコはご遠慮ください。
5、校内 aこうない ｂこない ｃこうなか ｄこなか6、禁煙 aきえん ｂきんえん ｃきつえん ｄけんえん7、遠慮 aえんりょ ｂえんりょうｃとおりょ ｄとうりょう問：浜辺で若いカップルが貝殻を拾っているそばを、子供たちが駆けている。
8、浜辺 aひんべ ｂひんべん ｃはまべ ｄはまべん9、貝殻 aかいがら ｂかいから ｃかいかく ｄかいがく10、駆けてaつけて ｂふざけて ｃかけて ｄついて二、次の文の下線をつけた言葉の漢字を一つ選びなさい。
（0.5×10＝5点）問：人々のこのみが、かくじつに変わってきている。
へんけんやせんにゅう観を捨てた。
本物しこうの人々が増えてきているのである。
そのはいけいにあるのが、豊かさ、ゆとりである。
11、このみ a恋み ｂ喜み ｃ好み ｄ愉み12、かくじつ a隔日 ｂ確日 ｃ覚実 ｄ確実13、へんけん a偏激 ｂ偏覚 ｃ偏見 ｄ変見14、せんにゅうa先入 ｂ潜入 ｃ専入 ｄ選入15、しこう a指向 ｂ思考 ｃ嗜好 ｄ志向16、はいけい a拝啓 ｂ背景 ｃ拝敬 ｄ俳敬問：実はこの大理石はてんねんのではなくて、じんぞうなのですが、ほんものと変わらないということで、非常ににんきが高いです。
17、てんねん a天燃 ｂ天然 ｃ天捻 ｄ天粘18、じんぞう a人造 ｂ人像 ｃ人相 ｄ人創20、にんき a人気 ｂ人喜 ｃ人縁 ｄ人楽三、正しい答えを一つ選びなさい。
（0.5×26＝13点）21、彼女の部屋の前を変な男が＿＿していた。
山东科技大学英语综合考研真题
第一部分：英语语言学知识（共100分）一．Define the following terms, using examples where necessary.(每题2分，共20分)1.arbitrariness2.morphophonemics3.assimilation4.root5.converse antonymy6.paradigmatic relation7.interlanguage8.deep structure9.suprasegmental features10.concordance二．Multiple choice. (每题1分，共20分)1．Phatic is one of the language ______________.A. formsB. structuresC. patternsD. functions2. Diachronic linguistics is a study of language____________.A. in ancient timesB. in modern timesC. at different placesD. over a certain period of time3. __________is one of the suprasegmental features.A. StopB. V oicingC. DeletionD. Tone4. Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription with__________.A. diacriticsB. distinctive featuresC. voicingD. articulation5. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies_______, and of the rules by which words are formed.A. the external structure of wordsB. the internal structure of wordsC. the surface structure of wordsD. the deep structure of words6. _______ refers to a type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language.A. BorrowingB. Back-formationC. AcronymD. Analogical creation7. According to construction types, prepositional phrases such as “in the classroom” is regarded as a(n)____________construction.A. exocentricB. endocentricC. subordinateD. coordinate8. Semantics is ___________________.A. element of meaning which combine in different ways to make up the denotation ofdifferent lexical items.B. a general variable of universal grammarC. the study of meaning as encoded in language.D. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of sociallife.9. If the study of meaning is conducted in the context of language use, a branch of linguistic study called ________comes into being.A. syntaxB. semanticsC. pragmaticsD. morphology10. Which of the following is not the concern of psycholinguistics?A. It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language.B. It focuses on the way of processing the information we receive in the course ofcommunication.C. It pays more attention to the study of language acquisition in children.D. It relates the social norms that determine the type of language to be used in a certainoccasion.11. Error analysis is____________________.A. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of teaching methodsB. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language learnersC. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of language acquisitionD. the analysis and diagnosis of errors of learning style preferences12. Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language. This variety of individual users is called “___________”.A. social dialectB. regional dialectC. temporal dialectD. idiolect13. Dialectology is________________.A. the search for spatially determined differences in various aspects of languageB. the search for geographically determined differences in various aspects of languageC. the search for spatially and geographically determined differences in various aspects oflanguageD. the search for geographically determined differences in an aspect of language14. A speaker may change from one dialect to another according to his subject matter, the required formality and other factors in the course of communication. This linguistic behaviour isreferred to as __________________.A. bilingualismB. code-switchingC. dialectD. register15. _____________may be said to be equivalent to speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning.A. Locutionary actB. Perlocutionary actC. Illocutionary forceD. Performatives16. The Indirect Speech Act was developed by ____________.A. John AustinB. LevinsonC. John LyonsD. John Searle17. Stylistics is _______________.A. varieties of language used by an individual appropriate to a level of formalityB. the study of how literary effects can be related to linguistics featureC. unit of sound consisting of a vowel (with or without consonants)D. fixed and prejudicial patterns of thought about kinds of people that are often mistaken18. The theoretical linguistic background of the audiolingual method is _____________.A. Latin grammarB. audiolingualismC. structuralismD. generative-transformational grammar19. Who first used the term “communicative competence” in deliberate contrast to Chomsky’s “linguistic competence”?A. SternB. AsherC. KrashenD. Hymes20. Functional linguistic is _____________________.A. the study of the forms of language in reference to their social function in communicationB. the study of language abstract forms of language and their internal relationC. the study of language use in its social contextD. the study of what people mean by language when they use it in the normal context of sociallife三. True or false questions. (每题1分，共15分)1．The traffic light system does not possess duality because there is only simple one to one relationship between signs and meaning.2. Phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics are branches of linguistics.3. The sound [p] in the word “expensive ” is pronounced as a voiceless consonant.4. Allophones are described in phonetic terms.5. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as oneword. This is called structural stability.6. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with verbs when converted to nouns.7. Government is a type of control in which a word of a certain class determines the form ofothers in terms of certain category.8. An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlikeentailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.9. Pairs of words like good/bad, long/short, big/small are examples of converse antonyms.10. The term “accent” refers to differences between languages which are different in vocabulary,grammar and pronunciation.11. At the age of two, children can master the essentials of their mother tongue.12. Austin claims that there are two types of sentences: performatives and constatives.13. Text is a prosodic unit.14. Classified by different aims, there are four major types of test: aptitude test, attitude test,proficiency test and achievement test.15. An important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language interms of function.四．Give the description of the following sounds. (每题1分，共5分)1．[ s ]2. [g ]3. [ j ]4. [ p ]5. [ ]五．Work out the tree diagrams of the following ambiguities through IC analysis.(第1题3分，第2题2分，共5分)1. my small child’s cot2. Leave the book on the shelf.六．Answer the following questions briefly. (每题3分，共15分)1. What functions include in Halliday’s theory of metafunctions of language?2. What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction? Exemplify the two notions.3. What is Pro-form? Explain with examples.七．Discussions. (每题10分，共20分)1. Comment on how and why the following exchange of conversation violates the cooperative principle.A. Isn’t her new dress beautiful?B. The color is nice.2. Why can’t we have the English consonant clusters such as *hepl, *lupm, *rpay, *lkaps, or *wqick etc. in onset and coda positions? Explain with examples.第二部分 英美文学知识（共50分）一. “Crossing the Bar” is a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson. It is thought that Tennyson wrote it as his own elegy, as the poem has a tone of finality about it. Read the last stanza of the poem and answer the two questions.For though from out our bourn of Time and PlaceThe flood may bear me far,I hope to see my Pilot face to faceWhen I have crost the bar.1. What does “crossing the Bar” mean? (5 points)2. Explain the implied meaning of “I hope to see my Pilot face to face” (5 points)二. The following is from Song of Myself, an American epic loosely following a quest pattern.I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.3. Please comment on its style and ideas. (10 points)三. Read the following excerpt from Chapter XXIII, Jane Eyre and answer the questions that follow.“I grieve to leave Thornfield: I love Thornfield: - I love it, because I have lived in it a full and delightful life, - momentarily at least. I have not been trampled on. I have not been petrified. I have not been buried with inferior minds, and excluded from every glimpse of communion with what is bright and energetic and high. I have talked, face to face, with what I reverence, with what I delight in, - with an original, a vigorous, an expanded mind. I have known you, Mr. Rochester; and it strikes me with terror and anguish to feel I absolutely must be torn from you forever. I see the necessity of departure; and it is like looking on the necessity of death.”… …“I tell you I must go!” I retorted, roused to something like passion. “Do you think I can stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? - a machine without feelings? and can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lips, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! - I have as much soul as you, - and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh; - it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God's feet, equal, - as we are!”4. What are Jane’s chief concerns over her love of Rochester? (15 points)5. What feelings does she have for Rochester and why? (15 points)。
山东大学211翻译硕士英语专业课考研真题(2019年)
山东大学专业课考研真题（211翻译硕士英语）
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山东科技大学英语翻译基础考研真题2018—2019年
山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语翻译基础试卷I.Directions:Translate the following phrases into their target language respectively.There are altogether20phrases with one point for each in this part of the test.(20points)1.IOC2.OPEC3.NATO4.IMF5.UNICEF6.fair and square7.greenhouse effects8.blue chip9.science fiction10.light manners11.贸易顺差12.金融危机13.战略目标14.生态保护15.电脑病毒16.联合国秘书长17.全国人大18.条形码19.团圆饭20.象牙之塔II.Directions:Translate the following sentences into their target language respectively.There are altogether10sentences with3 points for each in this part of the test.(30points)21.It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar.22.Each country,whether it is large or small,has right to determine its ownform of government and its own course of development,free of outsideinterference or domination.23.Only by being well acquainted with each other can we be free fromsuspicions,and only without suspicions can we always keep bosom friends with each other.24.The meetings were marked by such absence of lively discussions that attimes they were almost on the point of breaking up.25.E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change,growth andinnovation are the norm.26.欧洲人的习惯随着超市、购物中心和汽车的增多，以及住房的现代化而发生了变化。
2012年山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题_真题无答案
2012年山东科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)Reading ComprehensionPassage 1People tend to be impressed by evidence that seems to confirm some relationship. Thus many are convinced their dreams are prophetic because a few **e true; they neglect or fail to notice the many that have not.Consider also the belief that “the phone always rings when I'm in the shower.” If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be remembered. If it doesn't ring, that nonevent probably won't even register.People want to see order, pattern and meaning in the world. Consider, for example, **mon belief that things like the personal fortunes, plane crashes, and deaths “happen in threes”. Such beliefs stem from the tendency of people to allow the third event to define the time period. If three plane crashes occur in a month, then the period of time that counts as their “happening together” is one month; if three crashes occur in a year, the period of time is stretched. Flexible end points reinforce such beliefs.We also tend to believe what we want to believe. A majority of people think they are more intelligent, more fair-minded and more skilled behind the wheel of an automobile than the average person. Part of the reason we view ourselves so favorably is that we use criteriathat work to our advantage. An economist Thomas Schelling explains, “Everybody ranks himself high in qualities he values; carefuldrivers give weight to care, skilled drivers give weight to skill, and those who are polite give weight to courtesy.” This was why everyone ranks high on his own scale.Perhaps the most important mental habit we can learn is to be cautious in drawing conclusions. The “evidence” of ever yday life is something misleading.SSS_SINGLE_SELIn the first paragraph the author states that ________.Adreams cannot be said to be prophetic even though a few **e trueBdreams are prophetic because some of them **e trueCdreams **e true if clearly rememberedDdreams and reality are closely relatedSSS_SINGLE_SELBy “things like…” “happen in threes” (Para. 3), the author indicates that people believe ________.Apersonal misfortunes tend to happen every now and thenBpersonal misfortunes, plane crashes, and deaths usually happen togetherCmisfortunes tend to occur according to certain patternsDmisfortunes will never occur more than three times to a person in his lifetimeSSS_SINGLE_SELThe word “courtesy” (Para. 4) probably means ________.Agood mannersBappropriate speechCfriendly relationsDsatisfactory serviceSSS_SINGLE_SELWhat can be inferred from the passage?AHappenings that go unnoticed deserve more attention.BIn a series of misfortunes the third one is usually the most serious.CPeople tend to make use of evidence that supports their own beliefs.DBelievers of misfortunes happening in threes are cautious in interpreting events.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhat can be concluded from the passage that ________.Athere is some truth even in the wildest dreamsBone should take notice of other people's meritsCthere is no order or pattern in world eventsDwe should not base our conclusions on accidental evidencePassage 2Concern with money, and then with more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities, the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops, and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work, emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the “typical” Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in **forts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality.Some say that France has been Americanized. This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-called Americanization of France has its critics. They fear that “assembly-line life” will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely (but less productive) old France style. What would happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of good things in life—to enjoy in the smell of a freshly picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local café?Since the late 1950s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gains. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by triumph of **petitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence.In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen **mitted to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic world. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the old.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following is NOT given as a feature of the old French way of life?ALeisure.BElegance.CEfficiencyDTaste.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following is NOT related to the new French way of life?AShorter lunch hour.BGreater output.C**forts.DLeisurely café talk.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following is NOT true about Frenchmen?AMany of them prefer the modern life style.BThey actually enjoy working at the assembly line.CThey are more concerned with money than before.DThey are **petitive than the older generation.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe passage implies that ________.Ain pursuing material gains the French are suffering losses elsewhereBit's now unlikely to see a Frenchmen enjoying a stroll by the riverCthe French are fed up with the smell of freshly picked applesDgreat changes have occurred in the life style of all FrenchmenSSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following is TRUE about the critics?ACritics are greater in number than people enjoying the new way of life.BStudent critics are greater in number than critics in other fields.CStudent critics have, on occasion, resorted to violent means against the trend.DCritics are concerned solely with the present and not the future. Passage 3It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have **plained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch of the modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises;that they talk too much about certain problems—and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents. This gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, atleast in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.Sometimes you are resistant and proud because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are underdog: you can't win but at least you can keep your honor. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you **pletely under your parents’ control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself.If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe author is primarily addressing ________.Aparents of teenagersBnewspaper readersCthose who give advice to teenagersDteenagersSSS_SINGLE_SELThe first paragraph is mainly about ________.Athe teenagers’ criticism of their parentsBmisunderstandings between teenagers and their parentsCthe dominance of the parents over their childrenDthe teenagers’ ability to deal with crisesSSS_SINGLE_SELTeenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they ________.Awant to show their existence by creating a culture of their ownBhave no strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteChave no other way to enjoy themselves betterDwant to irritate their parentsSSS_SINGLE_SELTeenagers do not want their parents to approve of whatever they do because they ________.Ahave already been accepted into the adult worldBfeel that they are superior in a small way to the adultsCare not likely to win over the adultsDhave a desire to be independentSSS_SINGLE_SELTo improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be ________.AobedientBco-operativeCdisobedientDindependentPassage 4The environment is everything that surrounds us: plants, animals, buildings, country, air, water—literally everything that can affect us in any way. The environment of a town, with its buildings and traffic and its noise and smells, where everyone is on top of everyone else, is a far cry from that of the countryside, with its fields and crops, its wild and domestic animals and its feeling of spaciousness. And the environment differs in different parts of the world.Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance, but if a creature is exterminated or an unfriendly species introduced, then the ecology of the district will upset—in other words, the balance of nature will be disturbed.Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology during his short span on earth than any other living creature. He has done this by his ignorance, his greed, his thoughtless foolishness and wastefulness.He had poisoned the atmosphere and polluted both land and water. He has squandered the earth's natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the most savage ways of killing hisfellow men—and every other kind of life at the same time.Since man has done so much damage, it is up to man to try to put matters right—if it is not already too late. If there is to be any remedy for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the young, and the sooner they start doing something about it, the better.One of the main causes of the earth's troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is growing at an ever-increasing rate. At the same time we are using up our natural resources—fuels and mineral ores—at an ever increasing rate with no hope of replacing them.For many years the earth has been unable to provide enough food for these rapidly expanding populations and the position is steadily worsening since the fertility of some of our richest soils has been lost and vast areas that were once fertile lands have turned into barren deserts. And the trouble with deserts is that they tend to creep outwards on to the fertile soils. What is now the northern Sahara Desert was the cradle of the civilized world 2,500 years old.Even at this moment many of the earth's natural treasures are being destroyed. Many valuable animals and plants are being killed off, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to preserve much of the earth's population from starvation. The situation is getting out of hand. Time is running out. But with your help, we may be able to reserve the trends which threaten our very existence.SSS_SINGLE_SELIn the passage, the environmental situation of the town ________.Aequals that of the countrysideBincludes cultural atmosphereCis almost the same across the worldDis much worse than the rural areasSSS_SINGLE_SELThe ecological balance depends on ________.Athe preservation of environmentBplants and animalsCthe introduction of various speciesDnatural resourcesSSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following problems is NOT mentioned in the passage?AIncreasing population.BHuman diseases.CFood shortage.DExtinction of some species.SSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following is implied in the passage?AIf we solve the problem of overpopulation, the problem of energy shortage will disappear.BNorthern Sahara was once covered with vegetation.CHuman beings are using natural resources reasonably.DHuman beings have been conscious of environmental protection.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe main purpose of this passage is to ________.Aencourage people to do something about the environmentBinform people about the science of ecologyCcriticize some behaviors of human beingsDhelp us know the world we live inPassage 5There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) peoples,generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.SSS_SINGLE_SELThe reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that ________.Atheir social roles are rigidly determinedBmost boys would like to follow their fathers’ professionsCboys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothersDthey like challenging activitiesSSS_SINGLE_SELOne aspect of “the universality of toys” lies in the fact that________.Atechnological advances have greatly improved the durability of toysBthe improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universitiesCthe exploration of the universe had led to the creation of new kinds of toysDthe basic characteristics of toys are the same the world overSSS_SINGLE_SELWhich of the following is the author's view on the historical development of toys?AThe craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.BToys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.CThe toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.DToys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child's character.SSS_SINGLE_SELRegarded as a kind of art form, toys ________.Afollow a direct line of ascentBalso appeal greatly to adultsCare not characterized by technological progressDreflect the pace of social progressSSS_SINGLE_SELThe author uses the example of rattle to show that ________.Ain toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materialsBeven the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technologyCit often takes long time to introduce new technology into toy makingDeven a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time Vocabulary and StructureBe careful with John, I think he has ________ motives for being so generous.SSS_SINGLE_SELAultimateBulteriorCinteriorDhiddenHe is our best player, and is ________ to our team.SSS_SINGLE_SELAinternalBintegralCintelligentDinsistent________ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.SSS_SINGLE_SELADuring the 1960'sBIt was in the 1960'sCThat it was in the 1960'sDIt was the 1960's________ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.SSS_SINGLE_SELABelievedBBelievingCTo believeDBelieveHotel room must be ________ by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.SSS_SINGLE_SELAdepartedBabandonedCvacatedDdisplacedHe walked too much yesterday and ________ are still aching now.SSS_SINGLE_SELAhis leg musclesBhis legs musclesChis muscles of legDhis muscles of the leg________, I would buy the red coat not the green one.SSS_SINGLE_SELATo be equal to other thingsBOther things being equalCOther things to be equalDWere other things to be equalThe outline of the house was barely ________ on the darkness.SSS_SINGLE_SELAsusceptibleBinvisibleCperceptiveDperceptibleThe little girl would cry if she couldn't get her own ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAwayBwishCwillDdesireHis strong sense of humor was ________ make everyone in the room burst out laughing.SSS_SINGLE_SELAso as toBsuch as toCso thatDsuch thatLast night I ________ my mother on the phone.SSS_SINGLE_SELAspokeBtalkedCsaidDcalledMore than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, ________ in San Francisco.SSS_SINGLE_SELApreviouslyBpredominantlyCpracticallyDpermanentlyThe question is still ________ discussion.SSS_SINGLE_SELAinBbyCforDunderThe Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, ________ could go penniless by next year.SSS_SINGLE_SELAthe larger oneBthe larger of whichCthe largest oneDthe largest of whichLung cancer has now exceeded breast cancer as a ________ killer of American women.SSS_SINGLE_SELApreliminaryBprimaryCpotentialDphysicalFrom here, we can see the bridge ________ constriction.SSS_SINGLE_SELAbelowBbyCinDunder________ I'd like to, I can't come.SSS_SINGLE_SELAMuch thoughBThough muchCMuch asDAs much________ for your help, we'd never have been able to get over the difficulties.SSS_SINGLE_SELAHad it not beenBIf it were notCHad it notDIf we had not beenJack's university education gave him ________over boys who had not been to college.SSS_SINGLE_SELAa benefitBa profitCa viewDan advantageBetty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets________ in transit.SSS_SINGLE_SELAmisusedBmishandleCmistakenDmislaidMr. Morgan can be very sad ________, though in public he is extremely cheerful.SSS_SINGLE_SELAby himselfBin personCin privateDas individualThe road is quiet. There ________ traffic even in the daytime.SSS_SINGLE_SELAisn't muchBaren't manyCis fewDare littleLanguage, culture, and personality may be considered ________ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.SSS_SINGLE_SELAindistinctBseparateCirrelevantDindependentI'd rather you ________ those important documents with you.SSS_SINGLE_SELAdon'tBdidn'tCwon't takeDnot takeI told him how to get there, but perhaps I ________ him a map.SSS_SINGLE_SELAshould have givenBought to giveChad to giveDmust have givenTheir ________ building is located next to the park, so it is very convenient for them to have a walk after supper.SSS_SINGLE_SELAresidentialBpresidentialCconditionalDaccidentalWithout the friction between their feet and ground, people would ________ be able to walk.SSS_SINGLE_SELAin no wayBon any accountCby all meansDin no timeIt was ________ a great extent his own fault.SSS_SINGLE_SELAtoBinCofDonJohn and his brother are not at all ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAsameBsimilarCequalDalikeMartin paints pictures, but he doesn't make a ________ in that way.SSS_SINGLE_SELAlifeBliveClivelyDlivingThe technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been ________ only to the very rich.SSS_SINGLE_SELAmanageableBacceptableCaffordableDmeasurableAfter working all day, he was so tired that he was in no ________ to go to the party with us.SSS_SINGLE_SELAmoodemotionCsenseDtasteIt is clear that the dog has a much greater ________ of its brain devoted to smell than is the case with humans.SSS_SINGLE_SELAcompositionBproportionCcompoundDpercentThere is already clear ________ to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate change.SSS_SINGLE_SELAwitnessBevidenceCidentityDcertificationNumerous studies already link the first meal of the day to better classroom ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAfunctionBbehaviorperformanceDdisplayIn the US, 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is ________ to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age.SSS_SINGLE_SELAillegalBirrationalCliberalDliableAlthough many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways to ________ the problem.SSS_SINGLE_SELArelateBfileCattachDtackleSadly, as spending on private gardens has ________, spending on public parks has generally declined.SSS_SINGLE_SELAliftedBflownCheightenedDsoaredIt's good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually ________ from the Bible.SSS_SINGLE_SELAacquireBderiveCresultDobtainAccording to the key witnesses, a peculiarly big nose is the criminal's most memorable facial ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELAfeatureBsignatureChintDspotWritingDirections: For this part, you are to write a composition on the title of Private Cars. You should write at least 400 words and you should base **position on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1. 越来越多的家庭拥有私家车；2. 私家车的利弊；3. 我认为……。
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Part I Reading Comprehension(2*25=50points)
Directions:There are five passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Decide on the best choice.
Passage1
The story that traces life from sea to land then into the multiple niches that exist there for a great variety lo living things is a fascinating one,but far too detailed for our purposes.One key point for us in that story is the emergence of the biological class of animals that are called mammals.
Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed.They are warm blooded;that is, they have a system of temperature control that keeps the body at a constant temperature.Mammals have a set of teeth of different shapes that serve different functions such as cutting,gouging,and grinding. Young mammals spend their earliest days of development shielded within the mother’s body and are then born live,rather than hatching from eggs.In addition,after birth they are nourished by milk provided by the mother’s mammary glands.The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene.Young mammals play—something that amphibians and reptiles never do—which provides additional learning opportunities.
The foregoing list leaves little doubt that we are mammals.There are,of course,a great many kinds of mammals,most of which developed after the great extinction of dinosaurs and other reptiles about65million years ago that opened opportunities for the few small mammals that were already in existence.One of the groups of。