英语词汇学串讲(补充)
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《英语词汇学》 串讲补充
主讲人:杜景芬
内容安排
•考情分析
•出题倾向
•考情预测
考情分析
继续沿用7大题型： 考试题形式分为： I.选择题(30分)：15个小题，完全是考书中的例子，理论与例子的 结合,也就是 ‘Theory‟和 ‘Example‟ 的结合。 II. 填空（10分）：5个小题，考特例,不是考简单的‘Examples和 Theory‟，而是考‘Exceptions‟ III. 匹配题（10分） ：共10个小题。考试内容包括词意变化的种类、 词义的种类、语系与语族等等。该部分的涉及的点比较繁琐，在下 面的内容中再详细说明。 IV. 指出词或词组的所反映的语言现象（10分）：共10个小题。内 容包括词缀的种类、构词法的种类等等。该部分的涉及的点比较繁 琐，在下面的内容中再详细说明。 V. 名词解释 (10分)：共5个小题。考查词汇学中的重要基本概念。 VI. 简答题 (12分) ：共3个小题。通常为比较题或名词解释扩展题。 VII.分析题(18分)：共2个小题。给出例子，让你用理论进行分析。
Chapter Three & Four Word Formation
重要句子： The smallest unit in the English language refers to morphemes. The minimal free form in the English language refers to word. 16. 名词解释:Morphemes : The minimal meaningful units in a language are known as morphemes. In other words, the morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in composition of words 17. Morphemes consist of free morphemes and bound morphemes. Free morphemes are free roots. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
IV. 指出词或词组所反映的语言现象（10分）：共10个小题。 Study the following words and expressions and identify … 历年考题中涉及的内容包括 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes; 4)rhetorical features of idioms; 5) types of affixes; 6) types of dictionaries; 7) types of idioms ; 8) types of meanings 9) types of motivation; 10) types of bound morphemes underlined; 11) processes of meaning development; 12) formation of compounds ; 13) historical stage of English vocabulary; 14) origins of homonyms; 15) sources of synonyms; 16) causes of ambiguity
Chapter Two The development of the English vocabulary
10. 务必搞清楚 Indo-European Language Family的上下关系。 （详见教程的23、24页） 11. 清楚English Vocabulary 的三个历史阶段的时间段 Old English (450-1150) has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Middle English (1150-1500) The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of French words into English. French, Latin, English coexist in Middle English period Modern English (1500-up to now) began with the establishment of printing in England. Early Modern English (1500-1700) appeared in the Renaissance. Late Modern English (1700-up to now)
5. Classification of Words (本课程的重点, 年年考试都出现) What is the classification of words? How to classify words in linguistics? Three criteria : 1) By use of frequency 2) By notion 3) By origin By use of frequency 可划分为：the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary By notion 可划分为：Content word and Functional word Content words are also known as notional words . Functional words are also known as empty words, or form words. Functional words possesses a characteristic of basic word stock, i.e. stability By origin可划分为： native words and borrowed words.
Chapter One Basic concepts of words and vocabulary
3. What is word ? 词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。 1) A word is a minimal free form of a language; 2) A sound unity; 3) a unit of meaning; 4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. 4. What is the relationship between sound and meaning? 1)There is „no logical relationship between the sound and actual thing. e.g. dog. cat 2)The relationship between them is arbitrary or conventional.
Ⅲ.（10分） 匹配题：Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to… 历年考题中涉及的内容包括 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock; 5) types of motivation; 6) types of context , 7) modes/types of word-meaning changes; 8) stylistic meanings; 9)language groups; 10)degrees of inflections; 11) onomatopoeic motivation; 12) word origin; 13) types of word formation; 14) types of synonyms or antonyms; 15) types of figures of speech; 16) meaning of prefixes; 17) types of idioms
8. 什么叫borrowed words? Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary. 9. borrowed words可以分为四类 (according to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing): denizens（同化词）、 aliens（非同化词）、translation-loans（译借词）和semantic loans（借义词）。每一类词书本上都举了一些例子，务必记住。 比较繁琐，因时间有限，不再赘述。
6. What are the characteristics of basic word stock? 1) All national character 2) Stability 3) Productivity 4) Polysemy 5) Collocability 7. What is the definition of native words? Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, thus known as Anglo-Saxon words. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are small in number ,amounting to roughly 50,000 to 60,000, but they form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language.
出题倾向和考情预测
Introduction 部分：
1. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics. 2. 研究lexicology 的两大方法:1) Diachronic approach : 历时词汇 学和 2) Synchronic approach : 共时词汇学 例如：wife “woman” ----- “a married woman” narrowing/specialization
12. Sound and form reached their concord in Modern English period. 13. The English language has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language (Modern English). 14. Growth of Present-day English Vocabulary Three main sources of new words : 1)The rapid development of modern science and technology 2)Social, economic and political changes; 3)The influence of other cultures and language 15. Modes/Forms/Types of Vocabulary Development 1)creation 2) semantic change 3) borrowing
主讲人:杜景芬
内容安排
•考情分析
•出题倾向
•考情预测
考情分析
继续沿用7大题型： 考试题形式分为： I.选择题(30分)：15个小题，完全是考书中的例子，理论与例子的 结合,也就是 ‘Theory‟和 ‘Example‟ 的结合。 II. 填空（10分）：5个小题，考特例,不是考简单的‘Examples和 Theory‟，而是考‘Exceptions‟ III. 匹配题（10分） ：共10个小题。考试内容包括词意变化的种类、 词义的种类、语系与语族等等。该部分的涉及的点比较繁琐，在下 面的内容中再详细说明。 IV. 指出词或词组的所反映的语言现象（10分）：共10个小题。内 容包括词缀的种类、构词法的种类等等。该部分的涉及的点比较繁 琐，在下面的内容中再详细说明。 V. 名词解释 (10分)：共5个小题。考查词汇学中的重要基本概念。 VI. 简答题 (12分) ：共3个小题。通常为比较题或名词解释扩展题。 VII.分析题(18分)：共2个小题。给出例子，让你用理论进行分析。
Chapter Three & Four Word Formation
重要句子： The smallest unit in the English language refers to morphemes. The minimal free form in the English language refers to word. 16. 名词解释:Morphemes : The minimal meaningful units in a language are known as morphemes. In other words, the morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in composition of words 17. Morphemes consist of free morphemes and bound morphemes. Free morphemes are free roots. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
IV. 指出词或词组所反映的语言现象（10分）：共10个小题。 Study the following words and expressions and identify … 历年考题中涉及的内容包括 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes; 4)rhetorical features of idioms; 5) types of affixes; 6) types of dictionaries; 7) types of idioms ; 8) types of meanings 9) types of motivation; 10) types of bound morphemes underlined; 11) processes of meaning development; 12) formation of compounds ; 13) historical stage of English vocabulary; 14) origins of homonyms; 15) sources of synonyms; 16) causes of ambiguity
Chapter Two The development of the English vocabulary
10. 务必搞清楚 Indo-European Language Family的上下关系。 （详见教程的23、24页） 11. 清楚English Vocabulary 的三个历史阶段的时间段 Old English (450-1150) has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Middle English (1150-1500) The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of French words into English. French, Latin, English coexist in Middle English period Modern English (1500-up to now) began with the establishment of printing in England. Early Modern English (1500-1700) appeared in the Renaissance. Late Modern English (1700-up to now)
5. Classification of Words (本课程的重点, 年年考试都出现) What is the classification of words? How to classify words in linguistics? Three criteria : 1) By use of frequency 2) By notion 3) By origin By use of frequency 可划分为：the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary By notion 可划分为：Content word and Functional word Content words are also known as notional words . Functional words are also known as empty words, or form words. Functional words possesses a characteristic of basic word stock, i.e. stability By origin可划分为： native words and borrowed words.
Chapter One Basic concepts of words and vocabulary
3. What is word ? 词的特点也就是对词的名词解释。 1) A word is a minimal free form of a language; 2) A sound unity; 3) a unit of meaning; 4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. 4. What is the relationship between sound and meaning? 1)There is „no logical relationship between the sound and actual thing. e.g. dog. cat 2)The relationship between them is arbitrary or conventional.
Ⅲ.（10分） 匹配题：Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to… 历年考题中涉及的内容包括 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock; 5) types of motivation; 6) types of context , 7) modes/types of word-meaning changes; 8) stylistic meanings; 9)language groups; 10)degrees of inflections; 11) onomatopoeic motivation; 12) word origin; 13) types of word formation; 14) types of synonyms or antonyms; 15) types of figures of speech; 16) meaning of prefixes; 17) types of idioms
8. 什么叫borrowed words? Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary. 9. borrowed words可以分为四类 (according to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing): denizens（同化词）、 aliens（非同化词）、translation-loans（译借词）和semantic loans（借义词）。每一类词书本上都举了一些例子，务必记住。 比较繁琐，因时间有限，不再赘述。
6. What are the characteristics of basic word stock? 1) All national character 2) Stability 3) Productivity 4) Polysemy 5) Collocability 7. What is the definition of native words? Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, thus known as Anglo-Saxon words. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are small in number ,amounting to roughly 50,000 to 60,000, but they form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language.
出题倾向和考情预测
Introduction 部分：
1. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics. 2. 研究lexicology 的两大方法:1) Diachronic approach : 历时词汇 学和 2) Synchronic approach : 共时词汇学 例如：wife “woman” ----- “a married woman” narrowing/specialization
12. Sound and form reached their concord in Modern English period. 13. The English language has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language (Modern English). 14. Growth of Present-day English Vocabulary Three main sources of new words : 1)The rapid development of modern science and technology 2)Social, economic and political changes; 3)The influence of other cultures and language 15. Modes/Forms/Types of Vocabulary Development 1)creation 2) semantic change 3) borrowing