《工商管理专业英语》翻译汇总
工商管理专业英语Unit-8
equity: n. The difference between the market value of a property and the claims held against it. 公平，公正；衡 平法；普通股；抵押资产的净值
barometer: n. An instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. [气象] 气压计；睛雨表；显示变化的事物
Unit8 Introduction to Financial Management
作者：南开大学 商学院 李桂华
Glossary
volatility: n. The property of changing readily from a solid or liquid to a vapor. [化学] 挥发性；易变；活泼
工商管理专业英语unit1 The Evolution of Management as a Field of Study[精]
![工商管理专业英语unit1 The Evolution of Management as a Field of Study[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/52c77f14f242336c1fb95e53.png)
Key Terms and Concepts
Classical Approach (to Management)
also call classical school （管理学）古典(研究)方法. A body of literature that represents the earliest attempts to define and describe the field of management. The approach’s main focus is on formally prescribed relationships. Its primary means for acquiring knowledge are personal observation and case studies.
written by that person. 自传 • memoir: n. An account of the personal
experiences of an author. 自传 • extreme: n. Being in or attaining the greatest or
highest degree; very intense: 极度的 • anthropology: n. The scientific study of the origin,
• turnover: n. The number of workers hired by an establishment to replace those who have left in a given period of time. 人员更替数
最新工商管理专业英语专业词汇汇总
Unit oneformal organization 正式组织division of labor 劳动分工departmentalization 部门化delegation 授权stakeholders 利害相关者organizational chart 组织结构图flatter organization 扁平组织cash flow 现金流量trade credit 商业信用short-term loans 短期贷款commercial paper商业票据life insurance companies 人寿保险公司pension funds 退休基金bonds 债券stocks 股票unit twomacroeconomics 宏观经济学national income theory 国民收入理论inflation通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩the level of interest rates 利率水平international trade balance国际贸易平衡monetary policy 货币政策fiscal policy财政政策unemployment rate 失业率price index 价格指数the consumer price index 消费价格指数the producer price index 生产价格指数the GDP price deflator GDP 价格平减指数nominal GDP 名义GDPreal GDP实际GDPdisposable income 可支配收入transfer payment 转移支付substitution effect 替代效应income effect 收入效应equilibrium price均衡价格equilibrium output均衡产出oil embargo 石油禁运multiplier effect 乘数效应expansionary monetary policy扩张货币政策time lags 时滞unit fourindustrial organization theory 产业组织理论sustained competitive advantage 可持续竞争优势contingency theory 权变理论the board of directors 董事会information symmetry 信息对称resource-based theory 资源基础理论unit fivehuman resource management 人力资源管理recruitment 招聘piece rate 计件工资率merit pay绩效工资job analysis 工作分析psychological assessment 心理评估semi-structured interview 半结构化面试16PF 卡特尔16种人格因素测试performance appraisal 绩效评价unit sixAmerican marketing association 美国市场营销协会line function 生产性职能staff function 服务性职能promotional mix 促销组合personal selling 人员推销unit sevenconsumer behavior 消费者行为consumer decision process 消费决策过程market segmentation 市场细分target market 目标市场unit eightplastic money 信用卡electronic commerce 电子商务banner advertisement 条幅广告brick-and-mortar business model 传统的有固定经营场所的经营模式search products 搜索式产品experience products 体验式产品customer relationship management 顾客关系管理。
工商管理专业英语Unit 2 The Scope of Managem
整理课件
5
Glossary
• mission ['miʃən]
• n. 使命、任务、代表团 • v. 派遣、传教
• e.g. A starting point is to write a
mission statement that defines why
affordable transportation available to
every person. • 亨利· 福特设想制造出每个人都能负担得起
的交通工具。
整理课件
4
Glossary
• strive [straiv]
• v. 奋斗、努力 strive after/for为...奋 斗 strive toward 向...奋进
整理课件
10
Glossary
• interpersonal [.intə'pə:sənl]
• adj. 人与人之间的、人际关系的
• e.g. Managers also employ skills that
fall into three basic categories:
interpersonal,
Unit 2 The Scope of Management
整理课件tail [in'teil]
• v. 使必须、带来、伴随 • n. 限定继承权 • e.g. Management entails planning,
organizing, coordinating, leading, and controlling resources to efficiently reach these goals. • 管理需要计划、组织、协调、领导和控制 资源来有效地达到这些目标。
《工商管理专业英语》翻译汇总
1.现代管理学The modern era of management began early in the 20th century when classicaltheorists,economists,and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase the productivity of individuals and organizations.2.例如一种管理理论For example ,a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfactionmay be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover than with delays in production.3.甚至在今天Even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from theautobiographies and memoirs of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.4.尽管这些办法Although these approaches evolved in historical sequence ,later ideas havealways replaced early ones.5.在过去的30年During the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to integrate the threeapproaches to management—classical,behavioral,and management science.6.在这种情况下In this situation ,a compromise is necessary for the overall syetem to achieveits objective.7.例如严格的计划For example ,rigid plans,clearly defined jobs,antocratic leadership ,and tightcontrols have at times resulted in high productivity and satisfied workers.8.换言之In other words,the contingency approach seeks match different situations withdifferent management methods.9.当然富有远见Of cause ,having a vision is no guarantee of success.10.通常一份任务 A mission statement often focus on the market and customers that thecompany serves.11.这些管理人员These managers are the strategists who develop the plans that guide theorganization toward its goals.12.与其他人的沟通All the skills required to communicate with other people ,work effectivelywith them , motive them ,and lead them are interpersonal skills.13.为了把梦想变成In order to transform vision to reality ,managers must define specific goalsand objectives.14.最好的企业目标The best organizational ,measurable ,relevant ,challenging ,attainable ,andtime limited.15.折扣的发生A allowance occurs when a customer is not satisfied with a purchase for somereason.16.企业在计算These refunds and price reductions must be considered when the firm computersits net sales figure for the period.17.一系列这样的A series of these statement is a valuable tool for directing and controlling thebusiness.18.商人们谈及Businesspeople commonly use accounting terms when talking aboutcosts ,prices ,and profit.19.一份损益表The basic components of an operating statement are sales ,costs ,and profit orloss.20.零售商们正在寻求Retailers are searching for new marketing strategies to attract and holdcustomers.21.零售商们必须对Retailers must decide on three major product variables :productassortment ,services mix ,and store atmosphere.22.多数零售商不能Too many retailers fail to define their target markets and positions clearly.23.零售商的价格A retailer’s price policy is a crucial positioning factor and must be decided inrelation to its target market , its product and service assortment ,and its competition24.零售商使用Retailers use the normal promotion tools—advertising ,personal selling ,salespromotion ,and public relations—to reach consumers.25.零售商必须确定The retailers must determine both the product assortment’s width and itsdepth.26.制定正确价格The first step in setting the right price is to establish pricing goals.27.对于产品和服务The basic ,long-term pricing framework for a good or service should be alogical extension of the pricing objectives.28.因此，在销售Thus ,changing a pricing strategy can require dramatic alternations in themarketing mix.29.低价格可以获取The low price designed to capture a large share of a substantial market ,resulting in lower production costs.30.当生产由于技术Managers may follow a skimming strategy when production cannot beexpanded rapidly because of technological difficulties ,shortages ,or constraints imposed by the skill and time required to produce a product.31.低价格可以吸引Low price can draw additional buyers to enter the market.32.广告的基本功能The most basic function of advertising is to identify products anddifferentiate them from others.33.为了提高销售额To increase their sales or profit,companies develop marketing strategy byusing various marketing elements.34.广告的另一个功能Another function of advertising to induce consumers to try new productsand to suggest reuse.35.广告涉及到通过Advertising involves presenting the message,usually through the massmedia,to a large group of people know as target audience.36.通过同时向许多人By informing many people at once about available products andservices,advertising greatly reduces the costs and higher profits,can ease the task of personal selling.37.广告的定义有许多The definitions of advertising are many and varied.38.广告是产品和服务Advertising is a very important tool that enables competitors to enter themarket place.39.市场营销组合是由The marketing mix includes a set of elements known as four Ps and theyare under the heading of product,price,place and promotion.1.The three ( T )2.In solving ( F )3.In order words ( T )4.The systems ( T )5.Managers around ( T )6.It seeks ( F )7.Between the ( F )8.Management is ( T )9.To meet ( F ) 10.In order to ( T )11.As the ( T ) 12.A starting ( F ) 13.Technical skills ( F ) 14.And using ( F ) 15.An operating ( F ) ually, however ( T ) 17.An allowance ( F ) 18.All this ( T ) 19.Today, national ( T ) 20.They see ( F ) 21.Most retailers ( T ) 22.For all ( T ) rge retailers ( F )24.Small retailers ( T ) 25.A good ( T ) 26.A profit ( F ) 27.Theoretically ( T ) 28. A successful ( F ) 29.As a product ( T ) 30.A company’s ( T ) 31.Advertising is ( T ) 32.Advertising can ( F ) 33.The first ( T ) 34.The freedom ( T ) 35.Advertising itself ( T ) 36.All advertising ( F ) 37.All forms of ( T ) 38.advertising has ( F )1. 古典方法Classical approach to Management2. 管理学行为方法Behavioral approach to Management3. 管理学科学方法Management science approach4. （管理学）权变情境方法Contingency or situational approach to Management 1. 远见，洞察力Vision 2. 任务表述Mission statement 3. 长期目标Goal1. 短期目标Objective2. 管理结构Management pyramid3.高层管理者Top managers 1. 战略目标Strategic goals 2. 中层管理着Middle managers 3.战术目标Tactical objectives 1.一线管理者First-line managers 2. 损益表Operating Statement1. 销售总额Gross sales 2 价格折扣Allowance 3 净利润Net profit 1. 目标市场Target market2.市场定位Market positioning 1. 中间商品牌Private brand or middleman brand 2.价格策略Price strategy1. 撇指定价Price skimming2. 渗透定价Penetration pricing 1. 基础价格Base price 2 促销活动Promotion campaign3.目标受众Target audience 1. 促销组合Promotional mix 2.品牌忠诚Brand loyalty1.The managers described their ( generalize ) 管理者描述他们自己的管理经验，还尝试去概括他们认为可以被运用到相似情形中的那些准则。
工商管理专业英的语词汇与专题集结分析
工商管理专业英语词汇与专题集结Unit 1 :The evolution of management as a field of studyPart 1：Glossary1、evolution n（生物进化，强调慢，由时间累加而成）change vt. 改变；交换 n. 变化；找回的零钱 vi. 改变；兑换revolution n 变革改革（工业变革、企业变革、思维变革）2、general adj 一般的，普通的；综合的；大体的 n. 一般；将军，上将；常规generalizable adj 课归纳的可概括的generalization n 概括generalize vi 形成概念 vt 概括推广generalized adj普遍的无显著特征的3、autobiography n自传自传文学biography n 传记档案个人简历4、memoir n回忆录5、extreme adj极其的extremely adv 极其地badly 极其地恶劣地非常地严重地heavily 沉重地猛烈地沉闷地（修饰可数名词）strongly 强有力地气味浓烈地（如酒的烈等）6、perspective n 观点视角 on the perspective of 以……视角respect n （可观存在的）方面aspect n（主观的）方面retrospect n 回顾 intro-- outro-- retro-- 后续7、turnover n流通量人员流失量资金周转 adj 可翻转的daily turnover 日产量annual turnover 年产量Takeaway 打包外卖8、approach（es） n 办法方法 vt 接近着手处理 vi 接近way（显而易见的）方法method（理论研究）方法Path（实现……路径）方法channel（营销方面）方法9、dynamize vt（考虑到通货膨胀等因素）增加（养老金、退休金等）价值使增加dynamical adj （连贯的）变化action 活动10、interdependent adj 相互依赖的互助的11、character n 性格特质characterize 描述（特征）Chinese character 中文汉子describe （文学）描述12、popularity n 普及声誉名望Populace n 大众民众popularization n 通俗化民众化13、reliance n 信赖信任受信赖的人或物 rely on 依赖依靠14、sufficient a 充足的15、sufficiency n 充足（可形容人自满自傲）16、alliance n 联盟联合17、complement n 补足物18、complementary adj 补足的补充的Part 21、 community n 社区社团（合法的）district n 区域地方行政communist n共产党共产主义 adj共产主义的communism n 共产主义communist party 共产党2、 social adj 社会的人际的socialism n 社会主义的社会主义者（socialist）3、 capitalism n 资本主义资本4、 imperialism n 帝国主义5、 CEO （chief executive officer）CFO （chief finance officer）COO （chief operation officer）CDO （chief design officer）6、agency n代理中介代理处travel agency 旅行社7、 managing director 总经理常务理事总裁8、 supervisor 主管9、 market share 市场占有率10、prevailing price 流行价格（基于市场的）on the prevailing price 吃回扣market cut （口语中不正当的、不合法的）回扣11、managerial competency 管理胜任能力12、insurance agency 保险机构13、task force 特别小组14、allocation of resource 资源配置15、sales associate 销售合伙人销售助理 peer 同事Unit 2：The scope of managementPart 1：Glossary1、 entail vt 使承担需要（必须的）伴随 n 零售批发entailment n 限定继承retail vt. 零售；转述 vi. 零售 n. 零售 adv. 以零售方式 adj. 零售的t ail n 尾巴2、conform v 使一致；使需要 conform to 遵照、符合Conformable a 顺从的、合适的、一致的Conformance n 顺应、一致Conformation n 构造Reform v 改革、改制Transform 变形Inform v 通知3、envision v 想像Vision n 视力、视觉、视野、远见Visible a 可见的Visionary n 空想家、梦想家Visibility n 可见物4、strive v 奋斗、争取Strive for 为……奋斗、争取（+目标或者物）Strive toward （常常+目标，朝……奋斗）Strive with +人与……一起奋斗5、mission n 使命（短期内不可实现）（难度很大）Task n 相当具体的任务（往往是上级下达的）Target n 任务目标Goal n （长期）目标Assignment n 任务分配（如大学作业，职位等）6、franchise n 代理、特许经营、特许经营权（如KFC或者HM)Dealership n 代理商、经营权Chain store 广泛性质的连锁（如绝味鸭脖）Territory sales （manager）大众化区域经理Territory dealership 区域经销权（代理商）7、tactical a （贬义）战术的（用手段完成）Tactic n 策略，战略Strategy n （褒义词）战略、策略Stick（y） a 小把戏、小技巧8、department n 部门的、院系的、科室Dept n 简写9、peer n 同级的同事Colleague n 同事Coworker n 团队同事（短期合作）10、foster v 促进、抚养、培养Promote v 职位晋升、销售的促销Promotion n 职位晋升、促销Enhance v 加强（没有strengthen程度强）Push v 强制推行或执行11、stakeholder n 持股人、股东Ower n 拥有者Partner n 搭档Manager n 管理者补充：informercial n 商业信息片Commercial n 商业，通过利益获取利润（贬义）Unit 3：What are organizations？Part 1：Glossary1、beast n 事物2、organ n 器官organize v 指人或动物的组织organization n 组织3、contrivance n 发明（物）、机械、谋划contrived a 牵强的contrive v 设计、谋划、发明4、patronage n 所有顾客谢谢惠顾patrons n 老顾客crew n （飞机、火车、船）的工作人员staff n 员工（下级）teamplayer n （比赛）成员5、impact n 影响力Impact on 对……影响influence n 影响6、associate v 联合、结合associate with…………联合7、whim n 突然想起的念头（怪）、一时兴致idea n 清晰的注意（能被人接受）thought n 伟人思想hope （可实现的）wish （虚拟的）imagination n 想象illustion n 由药物酒精而产生的幻觉fancy n 意想不到的惊喜、新潮的、昂贵的（酒店、餐厅）fancied a 空想的fanciful a 空想的（东西）fantasy n 白日梦fantistico n 爱奇思怪想的人8、achieve v 获取、取得（正面的东西）attain v 获取achievement n 成就成果achievable a 可实现的9、soul n 灵魂、人、精髓（理论、思想……）lack soul 缺乏内涵ghost泛指真正的鬼魂10、virtue n 美德By virtue of 由于……/鉴于……virtual a 虚拟的11、survival n 生存、幸存survive （in） v 靠……维持；以……存活survivable a 幸存的survivor n 幸存者12、efficiency n 功效、效率、效能efficient a 直接生效的relieve v 缓解13、intellectual a 智力的intelligence n 由于学习知识，智力的提升Central intelligence agency （CIA）中央情报局（美国）intelligible a 明白易懂的intellect n 智力、理解力、知识分子、智力高的人、思维逻辑领悟力intellection n 智力活动Intellectual property 知识产权Intellectual works 脑力活动14、chart n （泛指）图表Curve n 特指曲线图pie n 指扁形图Table n 指财务报表Form n （需写个人信息）图表（如酒店入住）Graph n （带有图片说明）图表Part 2Aspect vs RespectSide （两面的）面 by your side 在你身边Field (具体的领域）领域Area （范围广）区域Factor （文章中提到的要点、具体某点）要素Facet （立体的面）建筑物的面Dimension （指空间交叉的维度）维度Lateral 指边的Unilateral 单边的、独边的Multilateral 多变的Marginal边缘化（国际关系……）页边Refer v 参考Refer to ……as 作为……提及Reference n 参考文献Profit—oriented 营利导向的Nonprofit 非营利的Profitable 可营利的Profit vs benefitProfit 贬义词是指营利以后给的好处Benefit 褒义词包含各方面的好处Unit 4：Developing quality and competitive advantagePart 1：Glossary1、innovation n 创新、革新innovative a 创新的，革新的（突破，不一定是史无前例的创新）Creative a 创造性、创新的（指方法、观点、思想的创新，前所未有的） Innovate v 创新、创造2、optimize v 使最优化（决策）Optimization n 最优化Optimistic a 乐观的Optimist n 乐观主义者Optimism n 乐观主义Optimistical a 乐观的、乐天的Optimistically a 乐观地、乐天地3、medieval a 中世纪的、（贬）原始的、仿中世纪的、老式的medievalism n 中世纪精神、中世纪性质4、usher v 宣告、展示介绍、开始、开创5、exoticism n 异国风情、情调strange a 由陌生不熟悉产生的奇怪weird a 对行为性格、事件超出常规的奇怪exotic a 由宗教或风俗所产生的奇怪6、strenuous a 艰苦的、需要付出巨大努力的（对应achieve）effort （努力程度最轻）努力struggle v （生死线上、不是一般的努力）挣扎7、artifical a 人工智能的、非真实的、伪造的fake n 赝品counterfeit n 仿制品、仿冒品knockoff n 名牌的仿制品copycat n 没有主见的模仿（包括人和物）Shanzhai 山寨山寨手机：Robinhood cellphone8、navigate v （航海领域、空中、陆地）导航navigation n 航行、航海navigable a 可航行的、可驾驶的、适于航行的navigability n 耐航性9、prototype n 原型、标准、模范stereotype v 使用铅板、套用老套、使一成不变 n 陈腔滥调、老套、铅板Unit 5：Competitive industry environment analysisPart 1：Glossary1、long-term 长期的2、aggregation a 集合体3、carbonated a 充了碳酸气的4、alignment n 结盟5、meaningless a 无意义的、无价值的6、withdrawal n 撤退7、interactive a 互相作用的8、nutrition n 营养9、pharmaceutical a 制药的10、niche n 产品或服务所需的特殊领域11、entrant n 参加竞赛者12、replenishment n 补给补充13、alleviate v 减轻14、shakeout 经济衰退Inventory list 库存清单 future deal 期货交易 stock deal 股票交易Spot deal 现货交易 trade mark 商标 executive director执行理事第六单元和第七单元的词汇全看专业英语题型解析：选词填空：看专业英语书每单元后面练习II、Vocabulary Review的选词填空部分，试卷题目为四选一，相对简单点，但是一定要记得词汇本身固有的搭配，可参照总结的词汇。
工商管理专业外语翻译
The concert of utility效用概念Economists first began to analyze consumer behavior over a century ago when it was fashionable in psychological circles, to assert that much of human behavior could be explained by people’s desire to realize as much “pleasure” and to avoid as much “pain” as possible. The pleasure-pain doctrine was quickly borrowed by economists and applied to the sphere of consumer expenditures in what became the first systematic theory of motivated consumer behavior; the basic economic thesis was that rational consumers would ,quite intentionally ,manage their purchases of goods and services so as to realize the greatest possibleamountofoveralltotal“satisfaction”.Eco nomistslabeledthewant-satisfying power of goods and services as “utility”.经济学家最开始研究消费者行为学是在一个多世纪前当心理学界流行一种说法：人们的很多行为可以解释为人们为了尽可能获得更多的幸福、规避更多的痛苦而做的努力。
工商管理专业英语
affordable adj. 支付得起的、不太昂贵的 v. afford 担负得起、提供、给予 affordable housing 经济适用房
3. 3. Focus: specific regional market or customer groups
Managerial Structure
First-line managers middle managers
top managers
Strategic goals
tactical objectives operational objectives
adj. 客观的、真实的、目标的
Management pyramid 管理金字塔、管理组织结构 Top managers 高层管理者（通常包括CEO, COO, CFO, CIO等） Strategic goals 战略目标（全局的、总体的目标） Middle managers 中层管理者（通常包括部门经理、分公司经理等） Tactical objectives 战术目标（部门的目标、服从于strategic
New Manager
1.Thinks of self as sponsor（发起者主 办 者 ） , team leader, or internal consultant（顾问）. 2.Deals with anyone necessary to get the job done. 3.Changes organizational structures in response to market change. 4.Invites others to join in decision making. 5.Shares information.
工商管理专业英语Unit4-What
• 第一，组织中的大部份工作可以毫不夸张地说是由群体完 成的，无论是短期工作队或是在组织表格中标明的正式工 作群体。
a
22
Glossary
• predict [pri‘dikt]
• v. 预言、预报、预知、预测 • e.g. We are therefore interested in predicting and explaining the
a
16
Glossary
• subset [‘sʌbset]
• n. 子集
• e.g. These organizational behaviors are important because they
represent a subset of people-related operative goals which help
due to lack of patronage, it ceases to be an organization.
• 然而，如果你最喜欢的饭店或酒馆由于缺少客人光顾而关 门，那么它就不再是一个组织了。
a
5
Glossary
• impact [‘impækt,im’pækt]
• n. 影响、冲击力 • v. 冲击、撞击、产生影响 • e.g. Particular technologies have an important impact on the
Unit 4 What is Organization behavior?
a
1
Glossary
• beast [bi:st]
• n. 兽、畜生、凶残的人
工商管理专业英语总复习.docx
一、专业短语中英互译1、search engine optimization (SEO) 搜索引擎优化2、value-based pricing 价值导向定价3、gross margin 总临润，（销售）毛利4、franchising 特许经营权；特许专营5、licensing 许可、批准6、post-purchase behavior 购买后行为7、Merger and acquisition 合并与收购8、Direct export 直接出口9、wholly owned subsidiaries10、intermediary11、Product life cycle 产品生命周期12、Brand loyalty 品牌资产13、cost-based pricing 成本导向定价14、Value proposition 价值主张15、Convertibles 可转换债券16、tariff 关税17、transaction 交易18、wholesalers 批发商19、target profit pricing 目标利润定价20、market penetration 市场渗透21、personal selling 人员推销22、customer relationship management 客户关系管理23、Interest rate 利率二、句子翻译1、Sales for Johnson’s Baby Shampoo increased dramatically after the company positioned the product not only for babies but also for active adults who need to wash their hair frequently.(答案：强生公司将其婴儿洗发水定位为不仅用于婴儿，也可用于需要经常洗头的活跃成年人后，此产品销售额显著上升。
工商管理英语中译英英译中整理
Unit 1社团（社会，共同体，社区）community；首席执行官chief executive officer；（政府或国际机构的）部，处agency；常务董事（相当于总经理）managing director；流行价格prevailing price；监督员（基层经理）supervisor；市场份额market share；计算机程序员computer programmer；管理能力managerial competency；保险业务员insurance agent；资源配置allocation of resources；新闻广播员newscaster；任务小组task force；销售合作人sales associate；收入，税收revenue；a global giant 巨大的全球公司；talented people 人才；profit-oriented/for-profit business 以利润为导向；accountmanager 财务经理；plant manager 工厂经理；task force manager 业务经理；chief knowledge officer 首席培训官；chief executive officer 首席执行官；managing director 常务董事；a board of directors 董事会；stockholder 股东；stakeholder 利益相关人；accounts 客户；Unit 2管理；管理人员management；工作框架work setting；电话营销中心telemarketing center；顾客投诉customer complaint；业绩评价标准evaluation criteria for performance；具体运作计划specific operational plans；分派权利与责任delegate authority and responsibility；协调进度与资源coordinate schedule and resources；商务合作人business associate；财务崩溃financial debacle；刺激业务增长spur the growth of the business；监督现场工作supervise on-site work；dealership 经销店；high turnover 高人员流动；executive vice-president 执行副总裁；community affairs 社交事务；government negotiations 政府谈判；on-site work 现场工作；Unit 4个人决策individual decisionmaking；换取关系tradeoff；效率与公平efficiency and equity；稀缺资源scarce resources；成本与效益costs and benefits；增量调整incremental adjustments；边际成本marginal costs；边际收益marginal benefits；机会成本opportunity cost；竞争对手与贸易伙伴competitors and partners；天下没有免费的午餐there is no such thing as a free lunch；生活中的换取关系life’s tradeoff；考虑边际量think at the marginal；对激励作出的反应中in response to the incentives；使每个国家状况更好make each country better off；相互作用interact with one another；material/spiritual standard of living 生活物质水平；board 伙食；Unit5市场经济market economies；市场失灵market failure；市场势力market power；经济繁荣economic prosperity；预算赤字budget deficit；金融市场financial market；人力物力资本human capital and physical capital；通货膨胀inflation；公平分配equitable distribution；个人所得税personal income tax；福利制度welfare system；医疗保健health care；develop market economy 发展市场经济；direct economic activity 指导经济活动；allocate resources efficiently 有效地配置资源；influence market price 影响市场价格；enhance economic efficiency 提高经济效率；boost living standard 提高生活水平；charge the price 要价/收费；regulate the price 规范价格；result in chaos 造成/导致混乱；work one’s magic 施展魔力；planned economies 计划经济；self-interest 个人利益/利己；the wealth of nations 《国富论》；externality 外部性；monopoly 垄断；economic well-being 经济福利；labor union 工会；minimum wage laws 最低工资法；price rise 物价上涨；deflation 通货紧缩；the quantity of money 货币量；Unit 6develop an action plan 制定行动计划；develop safety training session 开安全生产培训课；develop a line of thought 展开思路；develop the front-line employees 培养一线雇员；develop an interest in management 对管理产生兴趣；develop the national economy 发展国民经济；develop the company’s business 扩展公司业务；develop one’s idea 阐述观点；develop a new device 研制一个新装置；develop the region in the west of China 开发建设中国西部地区；目标管理management by objective；一次性计划a single-use plan；常备计划a stand plan；应变计划a contingency plan；企业目标corporate goals；计划时间范围planning time horizon；业绩评估系统performance appraisal system；应急预算emergency budget；灵活性与适应性flexibility and adaptability；安全认定系统system of safety recognition；基层部门监督者line supervisor；表彰信a letter of commendation；Unit 7deploy resources 有效地利用资源；hierarchical levels 层级；span of managers’ control 经理的管理职权范围；effective coordination 有效地协调；vertical control of the organization 组织机构的纵向管理；an automobile assembly line 汽车组装线；chain of command 指令链；delegate authority 分权；meet customers’ needs 满足消费者的需求；line department 业务部门；staff department 职能部门；issue orders 发布命令；rule books 规章手册；organization chart 企业章程；Unit 8position power 职位权力；legitimate power 法理权；reward power 奖赏权力；coercive power 惩罚权力；personal power 个性化权力；expert power 专业技能权力；referent power 秉性相关权力；charismatic leadership 个人勉力型领导；autocratic leader 独断/专断型领导；democratic leader 民主型领导；authoritarian management 授权型领导；centralize authority 集权；Unit 11课后练习无；forms of business enterprise 企业组织形式；sole proprietorships 独资商；partnership 合伙商；corporation 公司；risks and rewards 风险和收益；retail establishment 零售机构；personal income 个人收入；tax rate 税率；interest rate 利率；financial resources 财政资源；lend institutions 借贷机构；management-level employees 管理基层员工；professional consultants 专业顾问；unlimited liability 无限责任；profits and loses 盈利和亏损；general partners 任职合伙人；master limited partnership（MLP）全能的有限合伙商；stock exchange 股票交易所；partnership agreement 合伙商协议；obtain financing 融资；departure and addition 离去和增添；malpractice insurance 渎职保险；business risk insurance 企业风险保险；managing partner 常务合伙人；political maneuver 政治操控；shareholder 股东；public corporation 公营公司；quasi-public corporation 准公营公司；parent company 母公司；holding company 控股公司；subsidiary corporation 子公司；public utility 公用事业；basic public services 基础公共服务；open corporation 公开公司；closed corporation 封闭公司；incorporated business 组建公司；industry sector 产业部门；service business 服务业；goods-producing business 制造业；with access to inexpensive labor 拥有廉价劳动力；real estate broker 房地产经纪人；capital-intensive business 资金密集型产业；labor-intensive business 劳动力密集型产业；prune layers of bureaucracy 精简官僚机构层次；business cycle 商业周期，经济周期；cyclical business 周期性产业Unit 12世界经济a global economy；经济模式the economic model；工业化经济an industrialized economy；自给自足self-sufficient；银行业a banking industry；提高生活质量enhance the quality of life；经济活动的核心the hub/heart of economic activity；商务服务业business services；销售服务业trade services；基础设施服务业infrastructure services；社会服务业social/personal services；公共管理服务public services；public administration 公共管理服务；social/personal service 社会/个人服务；extractive sector 资源耗取部门；service sector 服务行业；economic growth 经济增长；health care 保健；economic evolution 经济演进；primary 第一产业；secondary 第二产业；tertiary 第三产业；quaternary 第四产业；real estate 房地产；maintenance and repair 保养和维修；service economy 服务经济；retail trade 零售；negative growth rates 负增长；recession-resistant 抗衰退的；manufactured goods 制成品；lay off 下岗；capital expenditures 资金支出；the driving force 驱动力；labor-saving 节省劳动力；an aging population 老年人口geriatric health care 老年健康护理Unit 14市场营销组合marketing mix；市场细分研究segmentation research；市场导向marketing orientation；目标市场target market；描述功能descriptive function；诊断功能diagnostic function；预测功能predictive function；生产导向活动production-oriented exercises；前控管理proactive management；后控管理reactive management；市场信息反馈过程marketing intelligence feedback process；市场营销系统marketing system；decision maker 决策者；improve the bottom line 改善企业营利；production schedule 生产期限；mechanistic exercise 机械活动；sales promotion 促销；Unit 15人力资源管理human resource management；竞争优势competitive advantage；员工投诉系统employee grievance systems；达到企业目标meet the organization’s objectives；全权负责have sole responsibility for；业绩评估体系performance appraisal system；招聘与筛选recruitment and selection；灵活工作时间制flexible scheduling；成本有效性cost effectiveness；成本领先战略cost leadership strategy；产品差别化product differentiation；岗位培训on-the-job training；纪律执行程序disciplinary procedure；激励计划incentive plan；career advancement 职业发展；productivity levels 生产率水平；。
工商管理专业英语(郑琦,华东师范大学出版社) 课后习题及翻译
Unit1二、填词翻译Contingent dynamic conflict compromise interdependent reliance popularity sufficient insights generalize memoirs classic management science behavioral integrate sole1、The managers described their own experiences and tried to (generalize) the principles they believed could be applied in similar situations.管理人员描述了自己的经历和试图推广的原则，他们认为可以应用在类似的情况下。
2、Even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and （memoirs）of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.甚至在今天, 我们所了解的管理学也都出自于那些管理人员的自传和论文集。
3、According to the text ,the three well-established approaches to management thought are the (classical) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing work and organizations ;the (behavioral) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing people;and the (management science)approach,which focus on the task of production and operations.根据本文，管理思想中有三个行之有效的方法，分别是古典方法、行为方法和管理学科学方法，其中古典方法专注于管理工作和组织的任务,行为方法专注于管理人的任务，管理学科学方法专注于生产和运营的任务。
工商管理专业外文文献翻译
果结的据数耳拜 4
。中�7�式公在示显化体一的单简�程
�7�
方的同相足满应)τ ,y(p 度密率概。期时播传为作)2(D�期时移漂为名命被)1(D
t� � y� y� � ) 0t , 0y | t ,y (p � ) t ,y ( )2 ( D 2 � ) t ,y ( )1( D �� � ) 0t , 0y | t ,y (p t� � � � � � 2
为分被度尺间时。的来出算计�6�和�5�式公据根是数系 l ay oM-sremarK
间时在 t 间时于关数系 layoM-sremarK 设假 , ])1+iτ+iτ(2/1,)iτ+1-iτ(2/1[隔间放开半
模规的大较有所 �秒 042 是为认被度尺间时的小最�数常是都间区子个一每的表
�加增式形的面下以数系 lay oM-sremarK。1+iτ*9.0�iτ 择选都
后内期周个二第在 l ay oM-sremarK�失消)τ ,y()4(D 数系阶四要只�理定 aluwaP 据
� t�! k � ) t� ,t ,y (
t
0� t�
) K(
M
�件条的程方主 )τ ,y()K(D 数系 l ay oM-sremarK 的 0→τ △,)τ △
) t� , t ,y ( ) K ( M mil � ) t ,y ( ) K (D
Hale Waihona Puke 析分的模规等中 3。慢 缓常非的变改状形的 sfdp 明表这�数常近接然仍 Kd 模规间时的大较于对。显明 的化常 正果如 。的 遍普是 乎似度 测离 距的 长增性 线的钟 分 1 于小间 时现发 很得变 naissuaG 离偏速快中度制表间时型小在 �的布分考参为作是布分 naissuaG
工商管理专业英语词汇
Unit 1 The Evolution of Management as a Field of Studyevolution n.the process of developing发展generalize v.to infer from many particulars概括autobiography n. the biography of a person written by that person 自传memoir n.an account of the person experiences of an author 回忆录，自传extremely ad. Being in or attaining the greatest or highest degree 极度地anthropologist n. someone who studies anthropology 人类学家perspective n.the way in which a situation or problem in judged so that proper consideration is given to each part 合理观察，视角turnover n. the number of workers hired by an establishment to replace those who have left in a given period of time 人员更替数approach n. the method used in dealing with or accomplishing 方法contingency n. a possibility that must be prepared for可能事件，可能出现的情况dynamic a.characterized by continuous change 不断变化的confrontation n. discord or a clash of opinions and ideas 观点或思想的不断冲撞incur v. to acquire or come into 获得compromise v. something that combines qualities or elements of different things折中interdependent a. mutually dependent 互相依存的characteristic n. a feature that helps to identify 特性popularity n. the quality or state of being popular 普及sole a. of or relating to only one individual or group 单独的reliance n. the act of relying or the state of being reliant 依赖，依靠sufficient a. being as much as is needed 充足的alliance n.the act of becoming allied or the condition of being allied 结盟demographic n. of or relating to demography 人口统计complement v. to serve as a complement to 补足Unit 2 The Scope of Managemententail v. to have, impose, or require as a necessary accompaniment or consequence 伴随conform v.to act or be in accord or agreement 使和谐一致envision v.to picture in the mind 想象affordable a.that can be afforded 买得起的strive v.to exert much effort or energy 努力mission n.special assignment given to a person or group 任务informercial n. a commercial television program or relatively long commercial segment offering consumer information 商业信息片franchise n.authorization granted to someone to sell or distribute a company’s goods or services in a certain area 特许经营权tactical a.of, relating to, or using tactics 战术的departmental a. 部门的peer n. a person who has equal standing with another or others 同等的人，与他人在爵位、阶级或年龄上相当的人interpersonal a.relating to, occurring among, or involving several people 人与人之间的foster v.to promote the growth and development of 促进pervasive a. having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate 渗透性的stakeholder n.one who has a share or an interest 股东flourish v.to be in a period of highest productivity 活跃automotive a.moving by itself 自动的nonroutine n.非常规程序analogue n.something that bears an analogy to something else 类似情况Unit 3 What are Orgnizations ?beast n.something a thing 事物organization n. a group of people with special purpose, such as a club or business 团体，组织，机构，社团invention n.something invented 发明物contrivance n.device or tool, esp. one made by an individual for a particular puipose 发明物；器械patronage n. all the patrons of a shop, hotel, etc, as a group 为了赞助而产生的impact n.the force of an idea, invention, system, etc. 影响力perspective n.the way in which a matter is judged, so that consideration and importance is five to each part 判断事物的方法association n. the act of joining or the state of being joined with somebody or something 联合；结合；结交very a. (used for giving force to an expression)(用于强调)正是；完全；实在whim n. a sudden idea or wish, often not reasonable 突起的（怪）念头；一时的兴致fancy n. an image, opinion, or idea imagined and not based on fact 无事实根据的幻觉，意见或看法achieve v.to finish successfully 完成；实现soul n. a person 人；灵魂guidelines n.the main points about something which is to be dealt with 指导方针；行动纲领bridge v. to build a brige across 架桥gap n. an amount of distance pr difference 差异；差距；歧异by virtue of in virtue of 依靠；由于survival n. something which has continued to exist from an earlier time 生存behavior n.way of behaving 行为；举动subset n. a set contained within a set 子集maintenance n.the act of maintaining 维持；维护；保养；赡养turnover n. the number of workers that are hired by a firm to fill the places of workers who have left in a particular period 人员更新efficiency n.the state or quality of being efficient 功效；效率；效能intellectual a. concerning the intellect 智力的limitation n. the fact or conditions of limiting or being limited 限制事实或状态chart rmation written or draw in the form of a picture graph, etc. , usu. With the intention of making it understood 图表predict v.to see or describe in advance as a result of knowledge, experience, reason, etc. 预言；预测Unit 4 Developing Qpality and Competitive Advantageinnovative a. marked by or given to innovations 革新的，创新的optimize v.to make as perfect or effective as possible 使最优化，使尽可能底完善或有效medieval a.relating or belonging to the Middle Ages 中世纪的tenant n.one that pays rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property owned by another 佃户usher v.to precede and introduce 宣告，展示介绍；开始，开创exotic a. intriguingly unusual or different 异乎寻常的；奇异的strenuous a.requiring great effort, energy, or exertion 艰巨的，需要巨大努力、能量或投入的hazardous a. marked by danger 带有危险性的；危险的artificial intelligence the ability of machine to perform those activities that are normallythought to require intelligence 人工智能navigational n.an original type, from, or instance that serves as a model on which later stages are based or judged 原型chassis n.the rectangular steel frame, supported on springs and attached to the axles, that holds the body and motor of an automotive vehicle 底盘carousel n. a circular conveyor on which objects are displayed or rotated 旋转式传送带outmaneuver v. to overcome by artful, clever maneuvering 智胜，在机智、谋略上胜过CEO Chief Executive Officer 执行总裁Unit 5 Competitive Industry Environment Analysislong-term a. involving, maturing after, or being in effect for a long time 长期的aggregation n. a group or formed by this 集合体carbonated a. containing carbon dioxide 充了碳酸气的root beer n.以黄樟油、冬青油为香料的无醇饮料ale n.any of various type of beer, esp. one that is pale in color 麦酒caffeine n. a bitter white alkaloid,C8H10N4O2 咖啡因alignment n.the act of aligning or the condition of being aligned 结盟meaningless a.having no meaning or significance 无意义的，无价值的withdrawal n.retreat of military force in the face of enemy or after a defeat 撤退vertical integration垂直统一管理interactive a.acting or capable of acting on each other 互相作用的deli n. a delicatessen 熟食店buffet n. a meal at which guests serve themselves from various dishes displayed in a table or sideboard 自助餐nutrition n. the process of nourishing or being nourished 营养slacken v.to make or become less vigorous 缓和pharmaceutical a. of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists 制药的neuroscience n.any of the sciences, such as neuroanatomy and neurobiology, that deal with the nervous system 神经科学inflammatory a. characterized or caused by inflammation 发炎的niche n. a special are of demand for a product or service 产品或服务所需的特殊领域preemptive a.undertaken or initiated to deter or prevent an anticipated, usually unpleasant situation or occurrence 先发制人的entrant n.one that enters, especially one that enters a competition 参加竞赛者cellular phone n.便携式电话dramatically ad.catching and holding the imagination by unusual appearance or effects 戏剧地，引人注目地replenishment n.something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency 补给，补充backward integration 后向合并alleviate v. to make more bearable 减轻oleomargarine n. margarine 人造黄油，人造奶油tinplate n. very thin sheets of iron or steel covered with tin 镀锡铁皮；马口铁maturity n. the state or quality of being fully frown or developed 成熟shakeout n. 经济衰退cereal n. a grass such as wheat, oats, or corn, the starchy grains of which are used as food 谷物razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or removing other body hair 剃刀Unit 6 Materials and Process ~ Management of a Companyinventory n.the quantity of goods and materials on hand 库存submit v. to commit to the consideration or judgment of another 使……听从bidder n. one who attempts to win a contract by bidding 投标人obsolete a. outmoded in design, style, or construction 过时的establish v. to set up 建立resource n.the total means available to a company for increasing production or profit, including plant, labor, and raw material 储备力量stockpile v. a supply stored for future use, usually carefully accrued and maintained 储存calculate v. to make an estimate of 计算interchange v. to give and receive mutually 交换telecommunication n.the electronic systems used in transmitting messages, as by telegragh,cable, telephone, radio, or television 电讯executive n. a person or group having administrative or managerial authority in an organization 经营管理人simulation n. representation of the operation or features of one process or system through the use of another 模拟principle n. a fixed or predetermined policy or mode of action 准则eliminate v. ti get rid of 消除multifunction a. 多功能的flexible a. responsive to a delay 可变通的；灵活的holdup n. an interruption or a delay 停顿incentive n. something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, that induces action or motivates effort 诱因；动机coordinate v. to harmonize in a common action or effort 调整Unit 7 Operating Statement of a Companywholesale a. of, relating to, or engaged in the sale of goods in large quantities for resale 批发clarity n. clearness of thought or style 清晰readability n.interesting or easy to read 易读，可读性concise a. expressing much in few words 简明的，简洁的inventory n. the quantity of goods and materials on hand 库存gross sales 销售总额net sales 扣除销货折扣和退货后净额margin n.the minimum return that an enterprise may earn still pay for itself 最低利润gross profit 毛利，总利润，利润毛额sales salaries 销售人员的工资advertising expense 广告费用office salaries 办公室或一般文秘人员工资miscellaneous a. made up of a variety of parts or ingredients 混杂的seemingly ad. apparently; ostensibly 表面上地skeleton n. a supporting structure or framework 构架invoice n. a detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs 发货清单refund n. a repayment of funds 退款cancellations n. the act or an instance of canceling 取消Unit 8 Human Resource Management: An Overviewutilization n. making use of 利用；使用mesh v. to connect 结合；相合representative n. a person acting in place of one or more other 代表；代理capital n.money used for starting a business 资金primary a.chief; main 主要的supervisor n.one who is in charge of a particular department or unit, as in a governmental agency or school system 监督；管理人员cosmetic n. a preparation such as face-cream, body-powder, etc. , intended to make the skin or hair more beautiful 化妆品substantive a. expressing existence 表示存在的insight n.the power of using one’s mind to understand something deeply, without help from outside information 洞察力；见识catalyst n. a substance which, without itself changing, causes chemical activity to quicken 催化剂energizer n. something or somebody that gives energy to 使活跃的人或物quit v. infml to stop and leave 停止；辞职recruitment n.招聘，招工mission n. a group of people, esp. people acting for their country, who are sent abroad for special reason 使团，代表团；任务，使命plague v. to cause continual discomfort, suffering, or trouble to, to make rather angry 折磨，烦恼；使得灾祸compensation n. 赔偿金，赔偿费，赔偿物self-esteem n. one’s good or too good opinion of one’s own worth 自尊心；自大，自负。
工商管理专业英语
一、英译中1．Vertical integration –垂直统一管理2．Markup –涨价3．Lead time –订货和交货之间的时间4．Status Quo—现状现存情况或事态5．Market positioning–-市场定位6．Market segment—市场细分7．Executive –主管、高级执行人员8．Supervisor –监督9．Elasticity –弹性10．Differentiation –差异化11．Wholesale–批发商12．Retailer –零售商13．Discount –折扣14．Margin –最低利润15．Media advertising –媒体广告16．Point of Purchase Advertising –售卖场所广告17．Sales representative –销售代表18．Compensation –薪酬19．Gross profit –毛利20．Bidder –投标人二、中译英1. 如今的消费者要面对大量的产品、品牌、价格和生产厂商。
Today’s customers face a vast array of product and brand choices, prices, and suppliers.2. 零售商们需要考虑目标市场和产品定位。
Retailer must consider target markets and product positioning.3. 人员招聘是人力资源管理中的一个重要部分。
Recruitment is a significant part of Human Resource Management (HRM).4. 顾客的满意度和产品质量有关。
Customer satisfaction is relative to product’s quality.5. 每个企业都应该找到自身的竞争优势。
工商管理专业英语
1、英汉专业术语互译基层管理者：lower-level management 以战略为向导：strategy oriented 优先股：preferred stock 普通股：common stock产品生命周期：product life cycle 权变的：contingency期货：future 目标：objective成果：outcome 个人：individual集体：group 子目标：subgoal 支行：subbranch分行：branch系统：system下属：subordinate 上级：superior 战略管理：strategy management 贯彻实施：implementation）评估（2个）：evaluation assess动态的：dynamic 开发：exploit 竞争优势：competitive advantage 分析：analyze 内部：internal 外部：external 市场：market 市场细分：market segment 最小化：minimize最大化：maximize 灵活性：flexlbility 稳定性：stability构建：build 评价标准：criteria 权重：weight 理性决策者：rational decision market 偏好顺序：preference ordering 预算：budget 分母（标准）：denominator 浏览：scanning探知：detect新型市场：emerging market 方案：scenario 本金：principal 利息：interest产出：generate 每年：annual 员工：staff 经济复苏：economic boom 信贷危机：credit crisis 同事：colleague 大规模订制：mass customization房地产：real estate 可持续的：sustainable 竞争者：competitor 消费者口味：consumers` taste 堡垒：barrier模仿：imitation 药厂：pharmaceutical创新：innovation规模经济：economies of scale 锁定供应商：lock in supplier 专供合同：exclusive contract游说：lobby 进口关税：import tariff 海关：custom 组织结构：organization structure 框架：framework 复杂性：complexity 劳动分工：division of labor 纵向层级：vertical level 横向层级：horizontal level 层次：hierarchy 协调：coordinate 交易：transaction 规章制度：rule and regulation 消费者行为分析：consumer behavior analysis 正规化：formalization集权：centralization 分权：decentralization 授权：empower 搭配组合：mixed and matched 组织设计：organization design 优先处理：priorities 职权：authority职务：position权力：power 产能：capacity 广义：the large concept裁员：downsizing重组：restructuring 管理跨度：span of control 主管：supervisor 古典学者：classical writer 古典学派：classical school 有机式结构：organic organization 机械式结构：mechanistic organization 总体战略：overall strategy专业化：specialization 纵向分工：vertical differentiation 横向分工：horizontal differentiation 简单化结构：simple structure责任：accountability 低正规化：low formalization 高集权化：high centralization超载：overload 首先发动：initiate 变革：change 信息失真：misinformation 沟通不善：poor communication 消除误会：misunderstanding clarify 计算机化：computerization企业文化：corporate culture根深蒂固：entrenched 创造力：creativity 激发创造力：stimulate creativity 方式：approach 创新型组织：innovative organization 品牌：brand 破产（2个）：bankrupt liquidate服装：apparel 收购：acquired 执行官：executive市场潜力：market potential 盘活：turn around 自制的：autonomous 班组：crew 装：load卸：unload 运输：delivery 产品线：production line监管：supervise 自主权：discretion储：stock position 运：delivery 库存：stock存货：inventory 授权：empowerment 一线员工：frontline employee 脑力：brainpower 无责备文化：no-blame culture 调查：survey 资深的：senior 协会：society 需求层次理论：need theories市场潜力：market potential 创造力：creativity 创新力：innovation 概率：probability 绩效评估：performance evaluation 持续经营：going concern 公平理论：equity theory情境理论：situational theories 权变理论：contingency theories 言语沟通：verbal communication 非言语沟通：nonverbal communication 书面沟通：written communication 口头沟通：oral communication 单向沟通：one-way communication 双向沟通：two-way communication积极倾听：active listening 沟通网络：communication network 垂直沟通：vertical communication 下行沟通：downward communication 上行沟通：upward communication 水平沟通：horizontal communication 正式沟通：formal communication 非正式沟通 informal communication 纠正行为 corrective action 机制：mechanisms 资源resource 来源：source 外包：outsourcing 流动资产：current asset 固定资产：fixed asset 流动负债：current liabilities 长期负债：long-term liabilities 股票：stockholder 利益相关者：stakeholder 利息：interest 利率：interest rate 所得税：income tax 增值税：valueadded tax KA （主要客户）：key account 财务报表：financial statement 资产负债表：balance sheet 预算：budgeting 原材料：raw materials 在制品：work-in-process 成品：finished-goods 半成品：semi-finished goods二、缩写词1、R&D ：Research and Development2、ISO ：International Standardization Organization3、MBO ：Management By Objective4、SWOT ：s trengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.5、TQM ：Total Quality Management6、MIS ：M anagement Information System7、M&A ：Merge And Acquisition 8、SCM ：Supply Chain Management9、CEO ：chief executive officer 10、CFO ：C hief Financial Officer 11、JIT ：just in time12、HRM ：Human Resource Management 13、ERP ：Enterprise Resource Plan14、SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication15、EOQ ：economical ordering quantity 16、ROI ：return on investment三、简答1、SWOT 分析The term SWOT analysis refers to analyzing the organization`s internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats in order to identify a niche that the organization can exploit2、BCG 矩阵The BCG matrix identifies four business group ：stars cash cows question marks and dogs3、五力分析模型4、公司的竞争战略1）公司层战略 corporate-levelstrategy （1）stability strategy （2）growth strategy （3）retrenchment strategy （4）combination strategy2）事业层战略 business-level strategy（1）adaptive strategy （2）competitive strategyCompetitive strategy 竞争性战略：1）over-all cost strategy 2）differentiation strategy3）focus strategy3）职能层战略 functional-level strategy5、职权的结构Authority structure1）coercive power 2）reward power6、部门化的方式departmentalization1) Customer departmentalization 2) Functional departmentalization 3) Geographic departmentalization 4) Process departmentalization 5) Product departmentalization7、组织结构类型Organization structure1) Mechanistic organization (1) Linear structure (2) Functional structure (3) Matrix structure (4) Network structure (5) Simple structure2) Organic structure8、马斯洛需求层次理论Hierarchy of needs theory1)Physiological needs 2）Safety needs 3）Belongingness needs 4）Esteem needs5）Self-actualization needs9、双因素理论two-factor theory 1) motivator 2）hygiene factor激励因素：1）process theories 2）content theories10、强化理论reinforcement theory 1）positive reinforcement 2)negative reinforcement11、期望理论的内容Expectancy theory1）effort-performance expectancy 2) performance-outcome expectancy12、管理的三种方式1）autocratic 2）democratic 3）lasissez-faire13、管理方格图the management grid1) employee-centered 2）job-centered 3）production-centered14、五种常见沟通网络five kind of communication network1）wheel network 2）chain network 3）Y network 4）circle network 5）star network15、沟通网络图1）sender 2）encoding process 3）medium 4）decoding 5)noise 6)feedback16、责任中心的五种类型：five type of responsibility center1）standard cost center 2）revenue center 3）profit center 4）investment center17、管理者的权力结构18、控制control 1）feedforward control 2)concurrent control 3)feedback control19市场控制market control 1）overcontrol 2）undercontrol20、会计的六要素：six accounting elementsassets liabilities woners` equity revenues expenses profits21、管理者的权利结构manager`s power structure1）referent power 2）expert power 3）authority四、论述What Managers DoThe successful manager capably performs four basic managerial funcations :planning，organizing，leading，and controlling. However as you will see，the amount of time a manager spends on each function depends on the level of the particular job.Planning. In general ,planning involves defining organizational goals and proposing ways to reach them. Managers plan for three reason to establish an overall direction for the organization`s future , to identify and commit the organization`s resources to achieving its goals and to decide which tasks must be done to each those goalsOrganizing. Organizing is the process of creating a structure of relationships that will enable employees to carry out management`s plans and meet organizational goalsLeading. Leading involves communicating with and motivating others to perform the tasks necessary to achieve the organization`s goalsControlling. The process by which a person ,group ,or organization consciously monitors performance and takes corrective action is controllingWe use these function to help explain exactly how managers do their jobs。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1.现代管理学The modern era of management began early in the 20th century when classicaltheorists,economists,and industrial engineers offered a classical approach to increase the productivity of individuals and organizations.2.例如一种管理理论For example ,a management theory that emphasizes employee satisfactionmay be more helpful in dealing with a high employee turnover than with delays in production.3.甚至在今天Even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from theautobiographies and memoirs of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.4.尽管这些办法Although these approaches evolved in historical sequence ,later ideas havealways replaced early ones.5.在过去的30年During the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to integrate the threeapproaches to management—classical,behavioral,and management science.6.在这种情况下In this situation ,a compromise is necessary for the overall syetem to achieveits objective.7.例如严格的计划For example ,rigid plans,clearly defined jobs,antocratic leadership ,and tightcontrols have at times resulted in high productivity and satisfied workers.8.换言之In other words,the contingency approach seeks match different situations withdifferent management methods.9.当然富有远见Of cause ,having a vision is no guarantee of success.10.通常一份任务 A mission statement often focus on the market and customers that thecompany serves.11.这些管理人员These managers are the strategists who develop the plans that guide theorganization toward its goals.12.与其他人的沟通All the skills required to communicate with other people ,work effectivelywith them , motive them ,and lead them are interpersonal skills.13.为了把梦想变成In order to transform vision to reality ,managers must define specific goalsand objectives.14.最好的企业目标The best organizational ,measurable ,relevant ,challenging ,attainable ,andtime limited.15.折扣的发生A allowance occurs when a customer is not satisfied with a purchase for somereason.16.企业在计算These refunds and price reductions must be considered when the firm computersits net sales figure for the period.17.一系列这样的A series of these statement is a valuable tool for directing and controlling thebusiness.18.商人们谈及Businesspeople commonly use accounting terms when talking aboutcosts ,prices ,and profit.19.一份损益表The basic components of an operating statement are sales ,costs ,and profit orloss.20.零售商们正在寻求Retailers are searching for new marketing strategies to attract and holdcustomers.21.零售商们必须对Retailers must decide on three major product variables :productassortment ,services mix ,and store atmosphere.22.多数零售商不能Too many retailers fail to define their target markets and positions clearly.23.零售商的价格A retailer’s price policy is a crucial positioning factor and must be decided inrelation to its target market , its product and service assortment ,and its competition24.零售商使用Retailers use the normal promotion tools—advertising ,personal selling ,salespromotion ,and public relations—to reach consumers.25.零售商必须确定The retailers must determine both the product assortment’s width and itsdepth.26.制定正确价格The first step in setting the right price is to establish pricing goals.27.对于产品和服务The basic ,long-term pricing framework for a good or service should be alogical extension of the pricing objectives.28.因此，在销售Thus ,changing a pricing strategy can require dramatic alternations in themarketing mix.29.低价格可以获取The low price designed to capture a large share of a substantial market ,resulting in lower production costs.30.当生产由于技术Managers may follow a skimming strategy when production cannot beexpanded rapidly because of technological difficulties ,shortages ,or constraints imposed by the skill and time required to produce a product.31.低价格可以吸引Low price can draw additional buyers to enter the market.32.广告的基本功能The most basic function of advertising is to identify products anddifferentiate them from others.33.为了提高销售额To increase their sales or profit,companies develop marketing strategy byusing various marketing elements.34.广告的另一个功能Another function of advertising to induce consumers to try new productsand to suggest reuse.35.广告涉及到通过Advertising involves presenting the message,usually through the massmedia,to a large group of people know as target audience.36.通过同时向许多人By informing many people at once about available products andservices,advertising greatly reduces the costs and higher profits,can ease the task of personal selling.37.广告的定义有许多The definitions of advertising are many and varied.38.广告是产品和服务Advertising is a very important tool that enables competitors to enter themarket place.39.市场营销组合是由The marketing mix includes a set of elements known as four Ps and theyare under the heading of product,price,place and promotion.1.The three ( T )2.In solving ( F )3.In order words ( T )4.The systems ( T )5.Managers around ( T )6.It seeks ( F )7.Between the ( F )8.Management is ( T )9.To meet ( F ) 10.In order to ( T )11.As the ( T ) 12.A starting ( F ) 13.Technical skills ( F ) 14.And using ( F ) 15.An operating ( F ) ually, however ( T ) 17.An allowance ( F ) 18.All this ( T ) 19.Today, national ( T ) 20.They see ( F ) 21.Most retailers ( T ) 22.For all ( T ) rge retailers ( F )24.Small retailers ( T ) 25.A good ( T ) 26.A profit ( F ) 27.Theoretically ( T ) 28. A successful ( F ) 29.As a product ( T ) 30.A company’s ( T ) 31.Advertising is ( T ) 32.Advertising can ( F ) 33.The first ( T ) 34.The freedom ( T ) 35.Advertising itself ( T ) 36.All advertising ( F ) 37.All forms of ( T ) 38.advertising has ( F )1. 古典方法Classical approach to Management2. 管理学行为方法Behavioral approach to Management3. 管理学科学方法Management science approach4. （管理学）权变情境方法Contingency or situational approach to Management 1. 远见，洞察力Vision 2. 任务表述Mission statement 3. 长期目标Goal1. 短期目标Objective2. 管理结构Management pyramid3.高层管理者Top managers 1. 战略目标Strategic goals 2. 中层管理着Middle managers 3.战术目标Tactical objectives 1.一线管理者First-line managers 2. 损益表Operating Statement1. 销售总额Gross sales 2 价格折扣Allowance 3 净利润Net profit 1. 目标市场Target market2.市场定位Market positioning 1. 中间商品牌Private brand or middleman brand 2.价格策略Price strategy1. 撇指定价Price skimming2. 渗透定价Penetration pricing 1. 基础价格Base price 2 促销活动Promotion campaign3.目标受众Target audience 1. 促销组合Promotional mix 2.品牌忠诚Brand loyalty1.The managers described their ( generalize ) 管理者描述他们自己的管理经验，还尝试去概括他们认为可以被运用到相似情形中的那些准则。