Unit2Cloning词汇课件新人教版选修8课件.ppt
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人教新课标高中英语选修八短语句型串成篇课件：unit2Cloning(共23张PPT)
was not cast down . 8．A considerable number of people object to the
government’s attitude to immigration. 9．My sister was against my suggestion while my
8．__b__o_t_h_e_r___ ['bɒðə] vt. 打扰vi.操心n.烦扰 9．__r_e_s_i_s_t____ [rI'zIst]vt. 抵抗；对抗 10．_f_o_r__b_i_d____ [fə'bId] vt. 禁止；不准 11．_r_e_a_s_o_n_a__b_l_e ['riːznəbl] adj. 合情理的 12．__e_x__a_c_t____ [Iɡ'zæ kt] adj. 精确的
from each other. 5．I bought the bicycle ten years ago. It still stays in
good condition．
cast down；in favour of；be bound to；pay off；object
to；pass on；from time to time；in vain；bring back to
Don’t let your work be done in vain.
• You should also try your best to do your work, it will
pay off and you will be bound to prove to your parents
Unit 2 Cloning
Step 1：Warming up
government’s attitude to immigration. 9．My sister was against my suggestion while my
8．__b__o_t_h_e_r___ ['bɒðə] vt. 打扰vi.操心n.烦扰 9．__r_e_s_i_s_t____ [rI'zIst]vt. 抵抗；对抗 10．_f_o_r__b_i_d____ [fə'bId] vt. 禁止；不准 11．_r_e_a_s_o_n_a__b_l_e ['riːznəbl] adj. 合情理的 12．__e_x__a_c_t____ [Iɡ'zæ kt] adj. 精确的
from each other. 5．I bought the bicycle ten years ago. It still stays in
good condition．
cast down；in favour of；be bound to；pay off；object
to；pass on；from time to time；in vain；bring back to
Don’t let your work be done in vain.
• You should also try your best to do your work, it will
pay off and you will be bound to prove to your parents
Unit 2 Cloning
Step 1：Warming up
英语：Unit2《Cloning》课件(新人教版选修8)
2.The main idea of the text :
A. Animal cloning is very valuable and can
benefit the world.
B. Animal cloning could be misused by bad
people so it must be forbidden.
C. Animal cloning is well developed because
Dolly the sheep was born.
D. Animal cloning raised arguments and
scientists are not sure about its future.
3.The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived ________years.
UNIT TWO READING
CLONING : WHERE IS IT LEADING US
Skimming
Skim the text to find out the answers to the following questions. 1.What is cloning?
Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.
What’s the greatest success in the development of animal cloning?
.
The procedure of the cloning of Dolly the sheep
True or false:
Unit2《Cloning》reading课件(新人教版选修8)
based on chance rather than being planned or based on reason adj. 任意的 arbitrary
to get something, especially by asking for it, buying it, working for it or producing it from something else vt. 获得；赢得 obtain
Unit 2 Reading
CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?
Read the explanation and
speak out the word it explains.
an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem n. 突破 breakthrough
a set of actions which is the official or accepted way of doing something n. 程序；步骤；手续 procedure
related to buying and selling things adj. 商业的；贸易的 commercial to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult vt. 着手；从事；承担 undertake
Read the passage quickly to find the main idea of each paragraph.
to get something, especially by asking for it, buying it, working for it or producing it from something else vt. 获得；赢得 obtain
Unit 2 Reading
CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?
Read the explanation and
speak out the word it explains.
an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem n. 突破 breakthrough
a set of actions which is the official or accepted way of doing something n. 程序；步骤；手续 procedure
related to buying and selling things adj. 商业的；贸易的 commercial to do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult vt. 着手；从事；承担 undertake
Read the passage quickly to find the main idea of each paragraph.
新人教选修8--Unit2-Cloning--课件
4. What is people‘s fear about human cloning? Which of the following is wrong? A. Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world. B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid. C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband. ＊ D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.
Checking answer – II (2ms)
Answer keys for Ex.2 on Page 13:
1. straightforward 5. procedure 2. arbitrary 6. I object 3. commercial 7. will forbid 4. Are you in favour of
Reading – I Scanning ( 5ms )
Write the letter ―T‖if the statement is true. Write ―F‖if it is false. 1.Cloning means making a copy of an animal or F a plant.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_____. A. usually lives as long as the original one B. usually lives longer than the original one ＊C. usually lives longer than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original one
高中英语 Unit2 Cloning课件 新人教版选修8
C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more money.
D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.
3. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because____. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many other attempts to clone mammals failed
Discussion
When was she born? Is she man-made or natural cloning? When did she die? How long did she live? Why is she so famous?
How do scientists clone a sheep?
细枝末节
2. Which of the following statemeபைடு நூலகம்ts about cloning is NOT true according to text?
A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently.
B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.
D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.
3. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because____. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many other attempts to clone mammals failed
Discussion
When was she born? Is she man-made or natural cloning? When did she die? How long did she live? Why is she so famous?
How do scientists clone a sheep?
细枝末节
2. Which of the following statemeபைடு நூலகம்ts about cloning is NOT true according to text?
A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently.
B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg.
人教版高中英语选修8 Unit 2《Cloning》(period ⅰ)ppt课件
At present some countries began to reform their legal systems and 9.________ research into human cloning，but other countries like China and the UK，continued to 10.________ evidence of the abundant medical aid that cloning could provide.
Some scientists take a different view.“While I agree that research on cloning is meaningful，it is inappropriate to use giant pandas in this type of experiment.The number of pandas is limited and human beings have yet to master knowledge about pandas' pregnancy.Cloning would do little to save the species，”said Wang Dajun，a researcher at the School of Life Sciences，Peking University.
【美文阅读】
Pandas can be saved by cloning?
从1998年中国科学院动物研究所首席科 学家、动物克隆与受精生物学学科带头人 陈大元首次正式提出克隆大熊猫到现在， 整整16年过去了，陈老仍然执著于此。然 而保护大熊猫，究竟要不要通过克隆的方 式呢？
新人教英语词汇句型复习课件选修8Unit2loningppt课件
9．attain vt.获得；达到(水平、年龄、状况等)
共 119 页
4
10．forbid vt.禁止；不准→forbade(过去式)→forbidden (过 去分词)
11．accumulate vt.积累；聚积
12．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于…… 13．retire vi.退休；离开→retirement n．退休 14．bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n．烦扰
共 119 页
8
●重点句型 1．Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 之后传来了多莉得了重病的令人烦恼的消息。 2．Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. 多莉总共存活了6年半，是被克隆羊的寿命长度的一半。
共 119 页
13
[范文1] Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. The sport first appeared in 1896, but none were contested during the 1904
and 1928 Games. The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932.
Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968. The sport has grown steadily from just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympic Games to 17 today.
高二英语人教版新课标选修八第二单元Unit 2 Cloning 单词课件完整版本38张PPT
Old people are usually more conservative than young people.
conserve vt.保存,保藏 conservation n.保存,维护 29.forbid vt.(forbade,forbidden)禁止,不准 forbid (doing ) sth.禁止(做)某事 forbid sb. sth禁止某人某事 forbid sb. to do sth禁止某人做某事 Forbid children sweets.禁止孩子吃糖 Her father forbade谁好好的人非得当狗当狗吗？
9. undertake v.着手,从事,承担
undertake sth.承担某事,负责/从事某事 undertake this job从事这份工作 undertake an important mission 承担一项重要任务 undertake to do sth.承诺/答应做某事 He undertook to finish the job by Friday. undertake that……承诺/答应/保证…… I can‘t undertake that you’ll succeed. undertral standards 道德标准 a very moral person 品德端庄的人
There is a model to this story. 这个故事有一个寓意 A girl with no morals.没有道德观的女孩
28. conservative adj.保守的,守旧的,n保守者,保守党, 保守派
12. procedure n.程序,步骤, 手续
teaching procedure 教学过程 legal procedure 诉讼程序 13. nucleus n.原子核,中心 nuclear adj.核的,原子核的nuclear bomb核弹 14. somatic madj.躯体的，肉体的，细胞体的 15. embryo n.胚胎，萌芽时期 16.carrier n.携带者,搬运工,运输工具
conserve vt.保存,保藏 conservation n.保存,维护 29.forbid vt.(forbade,forbidden)禁止,不准 forbid (doing ) sth.禁止(做)某事 forbid sb. sth禁止某人某事 forbid sb. to do sth禁止某人做某事 Forbid children sweets.禁止孩子吃糖 Her father forbade谁好好的人非得当狗当狗吗？
9. undertake v.着手,从事,承担
undertake sth.承担某事,负责/从事某事 undertake this job从事这份工作 undertake an important mission 承担一项重要任务 undertake to do sth.承诺/答应做某事 He undertook to finish the job by Friday. undertake that……承诺/答应/保证…… I can‘t undertake that you’ll succeed. undertral standards 道德标准 a very moral person 品德端庄的人
There is a model to this story. 这个故事有一个寓意 A girl with no morals.没有道德观的女孩
28. conservative adj.保守的,守旧的,n保守者,保守党, 保守派
12. procedure n.程序,步骤, 手续
teaching procedure 教学过程 legal procedure 诉讼程序 13. nucleus n.原子核,中心 nuclear adj.核的,原子核的nuclear bomb核弹 14. somatic madj.躯体的，肉体的，细胞体的 15. embryo n.胚胎，萌芽时期 16.carrier n.携带者,搬运工,运输工具
人教版高中英语选修8 Unit 2《Cloning》(Language points)课件
an interested look 感到兴趣的表情
surprised people (感到)惊奇的人们
4. cast down 使沮丧 Cloning Scientists were cast down
to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
两人一组, 观察图片并讨论哪些是自然无性繁殖, 哪些是人工的。解释它们的区别。
Her method doesn’t differ much from mine. 她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。
Modern airplanes differ from early ones. 现代飞机跟早期的在很多方面有所不同。
那个律师接了一个新的案子。
undertake是及物动词, 主要有两个义项: 着
手做, 从事, 进行; 担任, 承担, 答应, 同意。
完成下列句子。
(1) He will _u_n_d_e_r_t_a_k_e _a_ _jo_u_r_n_e_y_ next month (去旅行).
(2) He _u_n_d_e_r_t_o_o_k_ _a_ _n_e_w_ _ta_s_k_ (承担一项新 任务).
_c_a_s_t_d_o_w__n_._
5. object v. objection n. On the other hand , Dolly’s
appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
将下列句子译成英语
(1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。 H__e__w_a_s__c_a_s_t_d_o__w_n__t_o_h__e_a_r_t_h_e__n_e_w__s_. _
surprised people (感到)惊奇的人们
4. cast down 使沮丧 Cloning Scientists were cast down
to find that Dolly’s illness were more appropriate to a much older animal.
两人一组, 观察图片并讨论哪些是自然无性繁殖, 哪些是人工的。解释它们的区别。
Her method doesn’t differ much from mine. 她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。
Modern airplanes differ from early ones. 现代飞机跟早期的在很多方面有所不同。
那个律师接了一个新的案子。
undertake是及物动词, 主要有两个义项: 着
手做, 从事, 进行; 担任, 承担, 答应, 同意。
完成下列句子。
(1) He will _u_n_d_e_r_t_a_k_e _a_ _jo_u_r_n_e_y_ next month (去旅行).
(2) He _u_n_d_e_r_t_o_o_k_ _a_ _n_e_w_ _ta_s_k_ (承担一项新 任务).
_c_a_s_t_d_o_w__n_._
5. object v. objection n. On the other hand , Dolly’s
appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.
将下列句子译成英语
(1) 听到这个消息他很沮丧。 H__e__w_a_s__c_a_s_t_d_o__w_n__t_o_h__e_a_r_t_h_e__n_e_w__s_. _
高中英语选修8Unit2Cloning公开课优质课件
in pairs discuss what you understand about
cloning. Then list the questions you want to
find out. Share your lists with one another.
Questions about cloning 1. How is a clone produced?
how they differ.
Dolly the sheep Man-made clone
A strawberry plant
Natural clone
一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎, 一年内 就能长出数百株草莓苗。
Growing new plants
Man-made clone
Twins
因此, 人们开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等
动物克隆。这样, 克隆一词就开始被用作动词, 指人 工培育克隆动物这一动作。 目前, 生产哺乳动物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割 和细胞核移植两种。克隆羊“多莉”, 以及其后各 国科学家培育的各种克隆动物, 采用的都是细胞核 移植技术。
所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期的胚胎 或成体动物的细胞核，经显微手术和细胞融合方法
through human intervention(介入) .
natural clone examples
Cactus(仙人掌)
Pendulum orchid (吊兰)
man-made clone examples I’m celebrity in the history of cloning. Do you know my name?
embryonic(胚胎的)cells to
cloning. Then list the questions you want to
find out. Share your lists with one another.
Questions about cloning 1. How is a clone produced?
how they differ.
Dolly the sheep Man-made clone
A strawberry plant
Natural clone
一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎, 一年内 就能长出数百株草莓苗。
Growing new plants
Man-made clone
Twins
因此, 人们开始探索用人工的方法来生产高等
动物克隆。这样, 克隆一词就开始被用作动词, 指人 工培育克隆动物这一动作。 目前, 生产哺乳动物克隆的方法主要有胚胎分割 和细胞核移植两种。克隆羊“多莉”, 以及其后各 国科学家培育的各种克隆动物, 采用的都是细胞核 移植技术。
所谓细胞核移植，是指将不同发育时期的胚胎 或成体动物的细胞核，经显微手术和细胞融合方法
through human intervention(介入) .
natural clone examples
Cactus(仙人掌)
Pendulum orchid (吊兰)
man-made clone examples I’m celebrity in the history of cloning. Do you know my name?
embryonic(胚胎的)cells to
Unit-2-Cloning-Uusing-language课件-新人教版选修8课件
C. the illness is a new one
D. their arrangement of genes can not resist that new disease
推理判断
5. We can infer from the text that____ A. scientists are experimenting to clone dinosaurs B. dinosaurs will never return to the earth C. cloned animals will only live in the zoo D. the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10, 000 years
Great Auk (1844) Dodo bird (1755)
Aurochs (1627)
Quagga (1883)
Large wild cattle; long horns and hair; hair good for making into clothes; horn can be used for decoration; need grasslands.
4. The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do NOT include____. A. they have the same arrangement of genes B. there isn’t enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses
A. people are interested in the subject of cloning B. all the actors are dinosaurs C. it was directed by a scientist who clones dinosaurs D. it proves very interesting
D. their arrangement of genes can not resist that new disease
推理判断
5. We can infer from the text that____ A. scientists are experimenting to clone dinosaurs B. dinosaurs will never return to the earth C. cloned animals will only live in the zoo D. the DNA of dinosaurs can only survive 10, 000 years
Great Auk (1844) Dodo bird (1755)
Aurochs (1627)
Quagga (1883)
Large wild cattle; long horns and hair; hair good for making into clothes; horn can be used for decoration; need grasslands.
4. The reasons why a group of cloned animals all die of the same illness do NOT include____. A. they have the same arrangement of genes B. there isn’t enough diversity in the group for it to overcome illnesses
A. people are interested in the subject of cloning B. all the actors are dinosaurs C. it was directed by a scientist who clones dinosaurs D. it proves very interesting
人教版高中英语选修8 Unit 2《Cloning》ppt视听说选修课课件
Sentences appreciation Now the most advanced amusement park in the entire world incorporating (合并) all the latest technologies. And I'm not talking just about rides, you know. Everybody has rides. No, we've made living biological attractions so astounding (令人惊骇的) that they'll capture the imagination of the entire planet.
The film follows two dinosaur experts — Dr. Alan Grant and Dr. Ellie Sattler — as they are invited by eccentric (古怪的) millionaire John Hammond to visit his new amusement park on an island off Costa Rica. By cloning DNA harvested from pre-historic insects, Hammond has been able to create living dinosaurs for his new Jurassic Park, an immense (巨大的) animal preserve housing real dinosaurs.
Using _____ sophisticated techniques, they extract the preserved blood from the mosquito, and bingo.: dino D.N.A. A full billion D.N.A. strand contains three ______ genetic codes. If we looked at screens like eight hours a day, these once a second for _____ entire it'd take two years to look at the ______ long Since it's so D.N.A. strand. It's that ____. holes Now that's where our old, it's full of _____. geneticists take over. Thinking machine super-computers and gene sequencers
最新人教版高中英语选修8-Unit-2《Cloning》(-Language-points)课件精品
第十三页，共38页。
Choose the best answer.
I can hardly stand his rude manners. I object
______ like a child.
A. to be treated
B. being treated
C. to being treated D. to treat
very clear result.
第十六页，共38页。
Translate the following sentences.
(1) 很难获得(huòdé)可靠的证据。
It is difficult to obtain reliable evidence. (2) 你还可以(kěyǐ)从实践经验中获得知识 。 You can also obtain knowledge through
while的其他(qítā)用法： ① while 用作从属连词，意思为“当…… 时候”，引导时间状语从句。如： While the old man was out, a thief entered the house. Strike while the iron is hot. ② while 用作从属连词，意思为“虽然；尽 管”，引导让步状语从句。如： While I like the color of the mobile phone, I don’t like its shape.
while作并列(bìngliè)连词用，意思为“ 然而”，表示前后意义上的对比或转折 。如： Some people waste food while others don’t have enough. You like sports, while I prefer music.
Choose the best answer.
I can hardly stand his rude manners. I object
______ like a child.
A. to be treated
B. being treated
C. to being treated D. to treat
very clear result.
第十六页，共38页。
Translate the following sentences.
(1) 很难获得(huòdé)可靠的证据。
It is difficult to obtain reliable evidence. (2) 你还可以(kěyǐ)从实践经验中获得知识 。 You can also obtain knowledge through
while的其他(qítā)用法： ① while 用作从属连词，意思为“当…… 时候”，引导时间状语从句。如： While the old man was out, a thief entered the house. Strike while the iron is hot. ② while 用作从属连词，意思为“虽然；尽 管”，引导让步状语从句。如： While I like the color of the mobile phone, I don’t like its shape.
while作并列(bìngliè)连词用，意思为“ 然而”，表示前后意义上的对比或转折 。如： Some people waste food while others don’t have enough. You like sports, while I prefer music.
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3. commercial; commerce 4. straightforward 5. procedure
6. undertake 7. object; objection 8. moral; morally 9. accumulate;accumulation 10. retire；retirement 11. bother 12. assumption；assume 13. regulation; regulate; regular
制品） of you? Did you ever imagine of having the cure for heart disease or cancer? Well, these fantasies are not far from reach. The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning. Cloning is the replication of an exact genetic copy of an organism by use of a somatic tissue (or cell) from the donor organism. Cloning can be used in humans, human organs, or even animals. There are many advantages and disadvantages of cloning.
A benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts. If a person has a dysfunctional（变形） liver or heart then they could get it cloned and get a brand new one. These are some of the
假设你班就科学家是否应该克隆人进行了讨论，20％的 同学赞成，认为其一：有利于促进该科学领域取得突破； 其二：克隆智力过人的伟大科学家，人类将拥有更多有非 凡贡献的人。80％的同学反对，因为这样违背社会道义， 克隆人没有父母，无法像正常人一样生活，试谈谈你的看 法。词数120字左右。
范文背诵 Did you ever imagine having a child that is the exact replica（复
①The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning.
②A benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts ③Even though there are a lot of benefits to cloning, there are also a lot of disadvantages of cloning.
14. r5. merely; mere
benefits of cloning. Even though there are a lot of benefits to cloning, there are also a lot of disadvantages of cloning. One disadvantage is whether cloning is ethical. Cloning will bring up a great controversy on whether cloning is the “right” thing to do or not. This controversy is currently going on right now and will be even a greater controversy if the government allows cloning. Many people think that nature should just take its course. Other people think that cloning will be a very good thing to society. 句型背诵
7. ______ v. 反对；不赞成→ ______ n. 不赞成；反对；异议 8. ______ adj.道德（上）的;伦理的→ ______ adv.道德上地;伦理上地 9. ______ vt.&vi.积累;聚积→ ______ n.积累;聚积 10. ______ vi.退休;离开→ ______ n.退休 11. ______ vt.打扰；vi.操心;n.烦扰 12. ______ n.假定；设想→ ______ v.以为；设想；承担；呈现 13. ______ n.规则，规章;法规→ ______ v.规范；调节 → ______ adj.定期的，有规律的;正规的 14. ______ vt.抵抗，对抗→ ______ n.抵抗，反抗；抵抗力 → ______ adj.有抵抗力的 15. ______ adv.仅；只；不过→ ______ adj.仅仅的 答案：1. differ;different; difference 2. exact；exactly
1. _______ vi.不同；相异 → _______ adj.不同的 → _______ n.不同;不同之处 2. _______ adj.精确的;准确的 → _______ adv.精确地，准确地 3. _______ adj.商业的；贸易的→ _______ n.商业；贸易 4. _______ adj.简单的;直接的;坦率的 5. _______ n.程序;手续;步骤 6. _______ v.着手;从事;承担
6. undertake 7. object; objection 8. moral; morally 9. accumulate;accumulation 10. retire；retirement 11. bother 12. assumption；assume 13. regulation; regulate; regular
制品） of you? Did you ever imagine of having the cure for heart disease or cancer? Well, these fantasies are not far from reach. The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning. Cloning is the replication of an exact genetic copy of an organism by use of a somatic tissue (or cell) from the donor organism. Cloning can be used in humans, human organs, or even animals. There are many advantages and disadvantages of cloning.
A benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts. If a person has a dysfunctional（变形） liver or heart then they could get it cloned and get a brand new one. These are some of the
假设你班就科学家是否应该克隆人进行了讨论，20％的 同学赞成，认为其一：有利于促进该科学领域取得突破； 其二：克隆智力过人的伟大科学家，人类将拥有更多有非 凡贡献的人。80％的同学反对，因为这样违背社会道义， 克隆人没有父母，无法像正常人一样生活，试谈谈你的看 法。词数120字左右。
范文背诵 Did you ever imagine having a child that is the exact replica（复
①The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning.
②A benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts ③Even though there are a lot of benefits to cloning, there are also a lot of disadvantages of cloning.
14. r5. merely; mere
benefits of cloning. Even though there are a lot of benefits to cloning, there are also a lot of disadvantages of cloning. One disadvantage is whether cloning is ethical. Cloning will bring up a great controversy on whether cloning is the “right” thing to do or not. This controversy is currently going on right now and will be even a greater controversy if the government allows cloning. Many people think that nature should just take its course. Other people think that cloning will be a very good thing to society. 句型背诵
7. ______ v. 反对；不赞成→ ______ n. 不赞成；反对；异议 8. ______ adj.道德（上）的;伦理的→ ______ adv.道德上地;伦理上地 9. ______ vt.&vi.积累;聚积→ ______ n.积累;聚积 10. ______ vi.退休;离开→ ______ n.退休 11. ______ vt.打扰；vi.操心;n.烦扰 12. ______ n.假定；设想→ ______ v.以为；设想；承担；呈现 13. ______ n.规则，规章;法规→ ______ v.规范；调节 → ______ adj.定期的，有规律的;正规的 14. ______ vt.抵抗，对抗→ ______ n.抵抗，反抗；抵抗力 → ______ adj.有抵抗力的 15. ______ adv.仅；只；不过→ ______ adj.仅仅的 答案：1. differ;different; difference 2. exact；exactly
1. _______ vi.不同；相异 → _______ adj.不同的 → _______ n.不同;不同之处 2. _______ adj.精确的;准确的 → _______ adv.精确地，准确地 3. _______ adj.商业的；贸易的→ _______ n.商业；贸易 4. _______ adj.简单的;直接的;坦率的 5. _______ n.程序;手续;步骤 6. _______ v.着手;从事;承担