人体主要系统名称中英对照
身体各个器官英语
身体各个器官英语head 头throat 喉咙, 咽喉 armpit hair 腋毛 nipple 乳头chest 胸部pit 胸口navel 肚脐abdomen 腹部 private parts 阴部 thigh 大腿neck 脖子shoulder 肩back 背waist 腰hip 臀部buttock 屁股 skull 颅骨... brain脑pharynx咽喉bronchial tube支气管 heart 心liver肝bile duct胆管kidney肾duodenum12指肠 colon结肠appendix阑尾recturn直肠lung肺stomach胃pancreas胰腺bladder 膀胱anus膀胱intestines 肠blood vessel 血管 vein 静脉artery 动脉capillary 毛细血管 nerve 神经diaphragm 隔膜 internal organs 内脏 stomach 胃liver 肝脏gallbladder 胆囊pancreas 胰spleen 脾duodenum 十二指肠 small intestine 小肠 large intestine 大肠 caecum 盲肠vermiform appendix 阑尾 rectum 直肠anus 肛门kidney 肾脏bladder 膀胱penis 阴茎testicle 睾丸scrotum 阴囊urethra 尿道ovary 卵巢womb 子宫vagina 阴道cell,细胞,chromosome,染色体, gene,基因,tissue,组织,organ,器官, blood vessel,血管,artery,动脉, vein,静脉,mouth 嘴tongue 舌头teeth 牙齿,复数:tooth)chin 下巴waist 腰lip 嘴唇finger 手指thumb 大拇指 belly 肚skeleton 骨架:骨骼 skull 头颅,头骨 brain 脑eye 眼eyelid 眼睑eyelashes 睫毛 eyebrow 眉毛 ear 耳朵cheek 脸颊forehead 额头 knee 膝盖shin 小腿骨 heel 后脚跟 toe 脚趾elbow 肘spine 脊骨 wrist 腕关节 throat 喉collar bone 颈骨rib 肋骨hip 髋部thigh 大腿 ankle 踝关节 neck 颈shoulder 肩膀 chest 胸腔。
英语学习---人体器官+配图
人体器官1、头部及颈部的人体部位英语单词和英文名称head 头brain 脑skull 颅骨, 头盖骨[skʌl]hair 头发forehead 额temple 太阳穴['templ]eyebrow 眉毛['aibrau]eyelash眼睫毛['ailæʃ]ophryon印堂['əufriɔn]eye 眼睛ear 耳朵nose 鼻子[nəuz]cheek 面颊[tʃi:k]dimple 酒涡[dimpl]mole 痣[məul]philtrum人中['fɪltrəm]lip 嘴唇mouth 口cavity口腔['kævəti]tooth 牙齿uvual 小舌['juːvuəl]tonsil 扁桃腺['tɔnsil]tongue 舌[tʌŋ]vocal cords声带['vəukəl] adj. 歌唱的；声音的，有声的[kɔ:d]decayed tooth 龋齿[di'keid] adj. 腐烂的；gum 牙龈[ɡʌm]palate 上牙膛['pælit]incisors 切齿, 门齿[ɪn'saɪzə]canine tooth 犬齿['keinain]premolars 前齿[priː'məʊlə]molars 后牙chin 下巴[tʃin]mustache 小胡子[mə'stɑ:ʃ, 'mʌstæʃ]beard 山羊胡[biəd]whiskers 络腮胡['hwiskəz]sidebums 鬓角[saɪd'bʌmz]Adams apple 喉['ædəmz]throat 喉咙, 咽喉[θrəʊt]breastbone 胸骨joint 关节rib 肋骨[rib]chest 胸部[tʃest]nipple 乳头['nipl]armpit 腋下['ɑ:mpit]armpit hair 腋毛abdomen 腹部[æb'dəumen, 'æbdəmen]navel 肚脐['neivəl]waist 腰[weist]lumbar vertebrae腰椎['lʌmbə] n. 腰椎；腰神经；腰动脉['və:tibri:] n. [解剖] 椎骨；脊椎back 背backbone 脊骨, 脊柱blood vessel 血管['vesəl]vein 静脉[vein] n. 血管artery 动脉['ɑ:təri]capillary 毛细血管[kə'piləri, 'kæpi-]nerve 神经[nə:v]windpipe 气管['windpaip]heart 心脏diaphragm 隔膜['daiəfræm]lung 肺[lʌŋ]kidney 肾脏['kidni]stomach 胃['stʌmək]gullet 食管['gʌlɪt]liver 肝脏['livə]gall bladder 胆囊[ɡɔ:l] n. 胆汁['blædə] n. 膀胱；囊状物，可充气的囊袋pancreas 胰腺['pænkriəs]spleen 脾[spli:n]duodenum 12指肠[,djuːə'diːnəm]small intestine 小肠[in'testin]large intestine 大肠blind gut 盲肠[blaind] [ɡʌt] n. 内脏；肠子vermiform appendix 阑尾['və:mifɔ:m] adj. 蠕虫状的[ə'pendiks] n. 附录；阑尾；附加物rectum 直肠['rektəm]anus 肛门['einəs]hip 臀部[hip]buttock 屁股['bʌtək]pelvis 骨盆['pelvis]private parts 阴部['praivit]cervical vertebra颈椎['sɜːvɪk(ə)l; sɜː'vaɪk(ə)l]adj.颈的['vɜːtɪbrə] n. [解剖] 椎骨；[解剖] 脊椎2、手和手掌个不稳英文单词和英语名称elbow joint 肘关节['elbəu]hand 手arm 手臂palm 手掌[pɑ:m]finger 手指nail 指甲[neil]thumb 大拇指[θʌm]forefinger 食指['fɔːfɪŋgə]middle finger 中指third finger 无名指little finger 小指ball 拇指腕掌half moon 甲晕fist 拳头knuckle 指关节['nʌkl]back 手背wrist 手腕[rist]elbow 肘3、人体胸部和下半身各部位英语单词和英文名称collarbone 锁骨['kɒləbəʊn]shoulder 肩['ʃəuldə]shoulder blade 肩胛骨[bleid]shoulder joint 肩关节pit 胸口bladder 膀胱['blædə]penis 阴茎['pi:nis]testicles睾丸testicle ['testikl]scroticles 阴囊[sk'rɒtɪklz] urine 尿道['juərin] ovary 卵巢['əuvəri] womb 子宫[wu:m] vagina 阴道[və'dʒainə] bone 骨[[bəun]] skeleton 骨骼['skelitən] thigh 大腿[θai] kneecap 膝盖骨['ni:kæp] sinew 腱['sinju:] muscle 肌肉['mʌsl] knee 膝盖[ni:]leg 腿shank 小腿[ʃæŋk]calf 小腿肚[kɑ:f, kæf]foot 脚instep 脚背['instep]toes 脚趾toe [təu]ankle 脚踝['æŋkl]Achilless tendon 跟腱[ə'kili:z] ['tendən]heel 脚后跟[hi:l]sole 脚底[səul]arch 脚掌心[ɑ:tʃ] n. 弓形spinal marrow 脊髓['spainəl] adj. 脊髓的；脊柱的['mærəu] n. 髓，骨髓；精华internal organs 内脏[in'tə:nəl] adj. 内部的；内在的；国内的organ ['ɔ:ɡən] n. 器官；机构。
人体器官、组织中英文对照表
半规管 semicircular canal半月瓣 semilunar valve膀胱 bladder包皮 foreskin; prepuce背 back鼻副窦 sinus accessory鼻隔膜 septum of nose鼻骨 nasal bone鼻管 nasal duct鼻尖 tip of nose鼻孔 nostril鼻梁 bridge of nose鼻毛 nasal hair鼻腔 nasal cavity鼻咽 nasopharynx鼻中隔 septum of nose鼻子 nose臂神经丛 brachial plexus扁桃腺 tonsil表皮 epidermis波曼氏囊 Bowman's capsule; renal corpusculum 勃起组织 erectile/spongy tissue脖子 neck肠腹膜 peritoneum of intestine肠绒毛 villus of intestine肠系膜 mesentery肠皱襞 intestinal fold耻骨 pubic bone; pubis齿腔 dental cavity齿咬合 bite; occlusion齿质 dentin齿龈 gum; tooth-ridge尺骨 ulna尺骨神经 ulnar nerve处女膜 hymen; virginal membrane喘息 wheeze垂体 pituitary body/gland唇 lip雌激素 estrogen催产素 oxytocin催乳激素 prolactin催阵素 oxytocin大肠 large intestine大动脉 aorta大臼齿 molar (tooth)大脑 forebrain; cerebrum大腿 thigh大阴唇 labia majora; large/greater lips大趾 big toe胆 gall胆固醇 cholesterol; cholesterin胆囊 gall bladder胆脂醇 cholesterol; cholesterin胆汁 bile蛋白素 albumin第二趾 second toe蝶窦 sphenoid sinus顶骨 top of skull; parietal bone动脉 artery动情激素 estrogen动物淀粉 animal starch; glycogen肚皮 belly肚脐 navel; (inf.) belly button肚脐眼 navel; (inf.) belly button额骨 forehead; frontal bone额窦 frontal sinus颚 jaw颚骨 jawbone耳 ear耳垂 ear lobe耳朵 ear耳孔 ear canal耳蜗 cochlea耳咽管 Eustachian tube二头肌 biceps (muscle)发育内分泌 growth hormone发 hair珐琅质 enamel腓骨 fibula肺 lung肺胞囊 air sac肺动脉 pulmonary artery肺循环 pulmonary circulation肺叶 lung lobe分解性代谢 catabolism/destructive metabolism 跗骨 tarsal bone副甲状腺 parathyroid gland副交感神经系统 parasympathetic nervous system腹 abdomen; belly腹股沟 groin腹纹 stretch marks附睾 epididymis肝 liver肝动脉 hepatic artery感觉神经单位 sensory neuron肛门 anus; (inf.) asshole睾丸 testis; testicle睾丸激素 testosterone肱（骨） humerus鼓膜 eardrum; tympanic membrane古氏腺 Cowper's gland骨臼 bone socket骨膜 periosteum骨盘 pelvis骨盆 pelvis骨髓 marrow; medulla of bone骨骼肌 skeletal muscle股动脉 femoral artery股骨 femur股神经 femoral nerve关节 joint; articulation冠状动脉 coronary artery龟头 head/corona of penis; glans penis 海绵体 erectile/spongy tissue汗腺 sweat gland黑色素 melanin; skin pigment黑头粉刺 blackhead acne横隔膜 diaphragm横结肠 transverse colon恒齿 permanent tooth恒河猴因子 rhesus (Rh) factor红骨髓 red marrow红血球 red blood cell; erythrocyte瘊 wart喉结 Adam's apple喉咙 throat喉软骨 epiglottis喉头 larynx后臼齿 back tooth后脑 back of head后小腿 calf; upper leg呼气 exhalation呼吸 breathing; respiration呼吸系统 respiratory system踝骨 ankle bone踝关节 ankle黄体激素 progesterone黄体素 corpus luteum灰质 gray matter回肠 ileum会厌软骨 epiglottis肌肉收缩 contraction of muscle肌纤维 muscle fibre鸡皮疙瘩 gooseflesh; goose pimples鸡眼 corn脊骨 vertebral/spinal column脊髓 spinal cord脊椎 spine脊椎垫骨 spinal disk脊椎骨 vertebra痂 scab颊 cheek甲状腺 thyroid gland甲状腺素 thyroxine尖瓣 cuspid valve肩 shoulder肩胛骨 shoulder blade; scapula腱 tendon (connecting bone with muscle) 降结肠 descending colon交感神经系统 sympathetic nervous system 脚 foot脚底 sole脚底心 arch (of the foot)脚跟 heel脚尖 tip of the toe; tiptoe脚内侧 instep脚趾 toe; digit脚趾甲 toenail角膜 cornea角质 keratin睫毛 eyelash; eyewinker睫状肌 ciliary muscle结膜 conjunctiva筋 tendon (connecting bone with muscle) 精包 epididymis精虫 sperm; spermatozoon精带 spermatic cord精囊腺 neck精索 spermatic cord颈 neck颈背 nape/back of neck颈静脉 jugular vein胫骨 tibia静脉 vein酒色斑 port wine stain酒窝 dimple臼齿 molar (tooth)抗毒素 antibody抗体 antibody咳嗽 cough可扑弗氏细胞 Kupffer cells口 mouth口腔 oral cavity口腔顶 roof of mouth骷髅 skull喇叭管 fallopian tubes阑尾 appendix肋 rib肋骨 rib (cage)肋间肌 intercostal muscle (between the ribs)肋膜 pleura; lung membrane泪管 tear duct泪腺 lachrymal gland脸 face两眼视力 binocular vision淋巴结 lymph nodes淋巴滤泡 lymph follicle淋巴球 lymphocyte淋巴腺 lymph glands卵巢 ovary卵泡内泌素 follicle-stimulating hormone (=FSH)) 卵细胞 egg; ovum; oocyte卵腺体 ovarian follicles螺纹 whorl (finger; etc.)麦芽糖酵素 maltase脉 pulse脉搏 pulse盲肠 cecum; appendix; blind gut盲点 blind spot毛干 hair shaft毛根 hair root毛孔 pore毛囊 hair follicle毛球 hair bulb眉毛 eyebrow门静脉 portal vein门牙 front tooth; incisor蒙古斑 Mongolian spot泌尿系统 urinary system密质骨 compact bone免疫 immunity免疫细胞 immune cell面骨 facial bone拇指 thumb奶晕 areola脑 brain脑垂体 pituitary body/gland脑干 brain stem; medulla oblongata脑皮质 cerebral cortex内耳 inner ear内分泌腺 endocrine/ductless gland内脏 viscera黏痰 phlegm尿道 urethra尿道口 urethral meatus尿管 ureter颞骨 side of skull; temporal bone凝血激素 thromboplastin脓 pus浓痰 phlegm女胸 bosom; bust; (inf.) boob欧氏管 Eustachian tube喷嚏 sneeze脾髓 spleen pulp脾脏 spleen皮肤 skin皮下脂肪组织 subcutaneous fatty tissue皮脂腺 sebaceous/oil gland皮痂 scab屁股 posteriors; buttocks; (inf.) bottom屁股沟 cleft of the buttocks; sulcus posterior 屁股眼 anus。
英语课程中的人体解剖学词汇
英语课程中的人体解剖学词汇人体解剖学是了解人体结构和器官功能的学科，它在医学、生物学和健康科学领域中扮演着重要的角色。
在学习英语课程时，掌握一些与人体解剖学相关的词汇可以帮助我们更好地理解和表达相关的概念。
本文将介绍一些常用的人体解剖学词汇。
一、身体部位1. Head（头部）- 包括脑、额头、眼睛、耳朵、鼻子和嘴等。
2. Neck（颈部）- 位于头部和上胸部之间的部位。
3. Shoulder（肩膀）- 连接脖子和胳膊的部位。
4. Chest（胸部）- 身体前部，包括肺部和心脏。
5. Arm（手臂）- 分为上臂（upper arm）和下臂（forearm）。
6. Elbow（肘部）- 转接上臂和下臂的关节。
7. Wrist（手腕）- 连接手和前臂的部位。
8. Hand（手）- 包括手掌、手指和指甲等。
9. Abdomen（腹部）- 肚脐以上到胸骨之间的部位。
10. Back（背部）- 身体后部，包括脊椎和肩胛骨。
11. Hip（臀部）- 连接躯干和下肢的部位。
12. Leg（腿）- 包括大腿、小腿和脚等。
13. Knee（膝盖）- 连接大腿和小腿的关节。
14. Ankle（脚踝）- 连接小腿和脚的关节。
15. Foot（脚）- 包括脚背、脚底和脚趾等。
二、器官和系统1. Brain（脑）- 控制身体的各种功能，如思考和感觉等。
2. Heart（心脏）- 泵血到全身以维持循环系统。
3. Lungs（肺）- 用于呼吸，氧气进入血液，二氧化碳排出体外。
4. Stomach（胃）- 在消化过程中扮演重要角色。
5. Liver（肝脏）- 分解和代谢毒素，也参与消化过程。
6. Kidneys（肾脏）- 过滤血液，排除废物和调节体液平衡。
7. Intestines（肠道）- 包括小肠和大肠，用于消化和吸收营养物质。
8. Bladder（膀胱）- 储存尿液。
9. Skeleton（骨骼）- 人体的支撑结构，保护内脏器官。
人体器官、组织中英文对照表
半规管 semicircular canal半月瓣 semilunar valve膀胱 bladder包皮 foreskin; prepuce背 back鼻副窦 sinus accessory鼻隔膜 septum of nose鼻骨 nasal bone鼻管 nasal duct鼻尖 tip of nose鼻孔 nostril鼻梁 bridge of nose鼻毛 nasal hair鼻腔 nasal cavity鼻咽 nasopharynx鼻中隔 septum of nose鼻子 nose臂神经丛 brachial plexus扁桃腺 tonsil表皮 epidermis波曼氏囊 Bowman's capsule; renal corpusculum 勃起组织 erectile/spongy tissue脖子 neck肠腹膜 peritoneum of intestine肠绒毛 villus of intestine肠系膜 mesentery肠皱襞 intestinal fold耻骨 pubic bone; pubis齿腔 dental cavity齿咬合 bite; occlusion齿质 dentin齿龈 gum; tooth-ridge尺骨 ulna尺骨神经 ulnar nerve处女膜 hymen; virginal membrane喘息 wheeze垂体 pituitary body/gland唇 lip雌激素 estrogen催产素 oxytocin催乳激素 prolactin催阵素 oxytocin大肠 large intestine大动脉 aorta大臼齿 molar (tooth)大脑 forebrain; cerebrum大腿 thigh大阴唇 labia majora; large/greater lips大趾 big toe胆 gall胆固醇 cholesterol; cholesterin胆囊 gall bladder胆脂醇 cholesterol; cholesterin胆汁 bile蛋白素 albumin第二趾 second toe蝶窦 sphenoid sinus顶骨 top of skull; parietal bone动脉 artery动情激素 estrogen动物淀粉 animal starch; glycogen肚皮 belly肚脐 navel; (inf.) belly button肚脐眼 navel; (inf.) belly button额骨 forehead; frontal bone额窦 frontal sinus颚 jaw颚骨 jawbone耳 ear耳垂 ear lobe耳朵 ear耳孔 ear canal耳蜗 cochlea耳咽管 Eustachian tube二头肌 biceps (muscle)发育内分泌 growth hormone发 hair珐琅质 enamel腓骨 fibula肺 lung肺胞囊 air sac肺动脉 pulmonary artery肺循环 pulmonary circulation肺叶 lung lobe分解性代谢 catabolism/destructive metabolism 跗骨 tarsal bone副甲状腺 parathyroid gland副交感神经系统 parasympathetic nervous system腹 abdomen; belly腹股沟 groin腹纹 stretch marks附睾 epididymis肝 liver肝动脉 hepatic artery感觉神经单位 sensory neuron肛门 anus; (inf.) asshole睾丸 testis; testicle睾丸激素 testosterone肱（骨） humerus鼓膜 eardrum; tympanic membrane古氏腺 Cowper's gland骨臼 bone socket骨膜 periosteum骨盘 pelvis骨盆 pelvis骨髓 marrow; medulla of bone骨骼肌 skeletal muscle股动脉 femoral artery股骨 femur股神经 femoral nerve关节 joint; articulation冠状动脉 coronary artery龟头 head/corona of penis; glans penis 海绵体 erectile/spongy tissue汗腺 sweat gland黑色素 melanin; skin pigment黑头粉刺 blackhead acne横隔膜 diaphragm横结肠 transverse colon恒齿 permanent tooth恒河猴因子 rhesus (Rh) factor红骨髓 red marrow红血球 red blood cell; erythrocyte瘊 wart喉结 Adam's apple喉咙 throat喉软骨 epiglottis喉头 larynx后臼齿 back tooth后脑 back of head后小腿 calf; upper leg呼气 exhalation呼吸 breathing; respiration呼吸系统 respiratory system踝骨 ankle bone踝关节 ankle黄体激素 progesterone黄体素 corpus luteum灰质 gray matter回肠 ileum会厌软骨 epiglottis肌肉收缩 contraction of muscle肌纤维 muscle fibre鸡皮疙瘩 gooseflesh; goose pimples鸡眼 corn脊骨 vertebral/spinal column脊髓 spinal cord脊椎 spine脊椎垫骨 spinal disk脊椎骨 vertebra痂 scab颊 cheek甲状腺 thyroid gland甲状腺素 thyroxine尖瓣 cuspid valve肩 shoulder肩胛骨 shoulder blade; scapula腱 tendon (connecting bone with muscle) 降结肠 descending colon交感神经系统 sympathetic nervous system 脚 foot脚底 sole脚底心 arch (of the foot)脚跟 heel脚尖 tip of the toe; tiptoe脚内侧 instep脚趾 toe; digit脚趾甲 toenail角膜 cornea角质 keratin睫毛 eyelash; eyewinker睫状肌 ciliary muscle结膜 conjunctiva筋 tendon (connecting bone with muscle) 精包 epididymis精虫 sperm; spermatozoon精带 spermatic cord精囊腺 neck精索 spermatic cord颈 neck颈背 nape/back of neck颈静脉 jugular vein胫骨 tibia静脉 vein酒色斑 port wine stain酒窝 dimple臼齿 molar (tooth)抗毒素 antibody抗体 antibody咳嗽 cough可扑弗氏细胞 Kupffer cells口 mouth口腔 oral cavity口腔顶 roof of mouth骷髅 skull喇叭管 fallopian tubes阑尾 appendix肋 rib肋骨 rib (cage)肋间肌 intercostal muscle (between the ribs)肋膜 pleura; lung membrane泪管 tear duct泪腺 lachrymal gland脸 face两眼视力 binocular vision淋巴结 lymph nodes淋巴滤泡 lymph follicle淋巴球 lymphocyte淋巴腺 lymph glands卵巢 ovary卵泡内泌素 follicle-stimulating hormone (=FSH)) 卵细胞 egg; ovum; oocyte卵腺体 ovarian follicles螺纹 whorl (finger; etc.)麦芽糖酵素 maltase脉 pulse脉搏 pulse盲肠 cecum; appendix; blind gut盲点 blind spot毛干 hair shaft毛根 hair root毛孔 pore毛囊 hair follicle毛球 hair bulb眉毛 eyebrow门静脉 portal vein门牙 front tooth; incisor蒙古斑 Mongolian spot泌尿系统 urinary system密质骨 compact bone免疫 immunity免疫细胞 immune cell面骨 facial bone拇指 thumb奶晕 areola脑 brain脑垂体 pituitary body/gland脑干 brain stem; medulla oblongata脑皮质 cerebral cortex内耳 inner ear内分泌腺 endocrine/ductless gland内脏 viscera黏痰 phlegm尿道 urethra尿道口 urethral meatus尿管 ureter颞骨 side of skull; temporal bone凝血激素 thromboplastin脓 pus浓痰 phlegm女胸 bosom; bust; (inf.) boob欧氏管 Eustachian tube喷嚏 sneeze脾髓 spleen pulp脾脏 spleen皮肤 skin皮下脂肪组织 subcutaneous fatty tissue皮脂腺 sebaceous/oil gland皮痂 scab屁股 posteriors; buttocks; (inf.) bottom屁股沟 cleft of the buttocks; sulcus posterior 屁股眼 anus。
人体解剖英语词汇大全了解人体器官骨骼和生理功能的英文英语词汇
人体解剖英语词汇大全了解人体器官骨骼和生理功能的英文英语词汇人体解剖英语词汇大全：了解人体器官、骨骼和生理功能的英文词汇在学习人体解剖学的过程中，掌握一些与人体器官、骨骼和生理功能相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。
以下是一个人体解剖英语词汇大全，帮助你更好地了解人体结构和功能。
本词汇表以字母顺序排列，人体系统和器官以及其相关词汇会逐个解释。
现在让我们来一起学习吧！A1. Abdomen（腹部）: The region of the body between the thorax andthe pelvis that contains the stomach, liver, intestines, and other digestive organs.2. Achilles tendon（跟腱）: A strong fibrous cord that connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.3. Adipose tissue（脂肪组织）: Connective tissue that stores fat cells.4. Alveoli（肺泡）: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.5. Aorta（主动脉）: The main artery that carries oxygenated bloodfrom the heart to the rest of the body.B1. Bladder（膀胱）: A muscular sac that stores urine produced by the kidneys.2. Bile（胆汁）: A bitter, greenish-yellow fluid produced by the liver that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.3. Brain（大脑）: The control center of the nervous system, responsible for processing and coordinating sensory information and motor responses.4. Bronchi（支气管）: The two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs.5. Bones（骨骼）: Rigid organs composed of calcium, phosphorus, and collagen fibers that provide support, protection, and movement.C1. Cartilage（软骨）: Flexible connective tissue found in the joints, nose, and ears that provides support and reduces friction between bones.2. Circulatory system（循环系统）: The system responsible for the transport of blood, oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes throughout the body.3. Colon（结肠）: The longest portion of the large intestine, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from undigested food.4. Cranial nerves（脑神经）: The 12 pairs of nerves that arise directly from the brain and are responsible for sensory and motor functions of the head and neck.5. Capillaries（毛细血管）: Tiny blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules and facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between cells and blood.D1. Diaphragm（膈肌）: A dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and plays a crucial role in breathing.2. Digestive system（消化系统）: The system responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.3. Dorsal cavity（背腔）: The posterior cavity of the body that contains the cranial and vertebral cavities.4. Dendrite（树突）: Branch-like extensions of a nerve cell that receive incoming signals and transmit them to the cell body.5. Dermis（真皮）: The middle layer of the skin that contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.E1. Esophagus（食道）: A muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach and transports food from the mouth to the stomach.2. Endocrine system（内分泌系统）: The system responsible for producing and releasing hormones to regulate various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.3. Epidermis（表皮）: The outermost layer of the skin that provides protection against pathogens, water loss, and UV radiation.4. Epithelial tissue（上皮组织）: Tissue that covers the external and internal surfaces of the body, including the skin and mucous membranes.5. Excretory system（排泄系统）: The system responsible for eliminating metabolic waste products from the body, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.F1. Femur（股骨）: The longest and strongest bone in the body, located in the thigh region.2. Frontal lobe（额叶）: The anterior part of the cerebral cortex responsible for higher cognitive functions, including decision-making, problem-solving, and emotion regulation.3. Flexor（屈肌）: A muscle that bends or flexes a joint.4. Fallopian tubes（输卵管）: Tubes that extend from the ovaries to the uterus and serve as the site for fertilization of the egg by sperm.G1. Gallbladder（胆囊）: A pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.2. Glomerulus（肾小球）: A network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney where blood filtration occurs.3. Gonads（性腺）: The reproductive organs that produce gametes –ovaries in females and testes in males.4. Glands（腺体）: Organs that secrete hormones or other substances, such as sweat glands and salivary glands.H1. Heart（心脏）: A muscular organ that pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs.2. Hypothalamus（下丘脑）: A small region of the brain that acts as a control center for regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormone production.3. Humerus（肱骨）: The bone in the upper arm, between the shoulder and the elbow.4. Homeostasis（动态平衡）: The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.I1. Integumentary system（皮肤系统）: The system composed of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands, responsible for protection, temperature regulation, and sensory reception.2. Incisor（切牙）: The sharp-edged front teeth used for cutting and biting food.3. Inferior vena cava（下腔静脉）: The largest vein in the body that returns deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart.4. Iris（虹膜）: The colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye.J1. Joint（关节）: The point of connection or articulation between two or more bones, allowing for movement and flexibility.2. Jejunum（空肠）: The middle portion of the small intestine responsible for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.K1. Kidneys（肾脏）: The paired organs responsible for filtering waste products, excess nutrients, and water from the blood to form urine.2. Keratin（角蛋白）: A tough protein found in the epidermis, hair, and nails that provides strength and protection.L1. Lungs（肺）: The paired respiratory organs responsible for gas exchange, supplying oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.2. Liver（肝脏）: The largest gland in the body that produces bile, detoxifies harmful substances, stores nutrients, and performs other vital metabolic functions.3. Lymphatic system（淋巴系统）: The network of vessels, lymph nodes, and organs responsible for defending the body against pathogens and maintaining fluid balance.4. Ligaments（韧带）: Strong bands of connective tissue that connect bones and provide stability to joints.M1. Muscles（肌肉）: Contractile tissues responsible for movement, support, and heat production in the body.2. Medulla oblongata（延髓）: The lower part of the brainstem responsible for controlling vital functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.3. Molars（磨牙）: The back teeth used for grinding and chewing food.4. Metabolism（新陈代谢）: The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life and energy balance.N1. Nervous system（神经系统）: The complex network of nerves and cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body, enabling communication and coordination.2. Nephron（肾单位）: The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.3. Neurons（神经元）: Nerve cells that transmit electrical signals throughout the body.4. Nasal cavity（鼻腔）: The hollow space inside the nose that filters, warms, and moistens inhaled air.O1. Ovaries（卵巢）: The female reproductive organs that produce eggs and release hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone.2. Osteoporosis（骨质疏松）: A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, often associated with aging or hormonal changes.3. Optic nerve（视神经）: The nerve that carries visual information from the retina to the brain.P1. Pancreas（胰腺）: An organ that produces insulin and other digestive enzymes to regulate blood sugar levels and aid in digestion.2. Pituitary gland（垂体）: The master gland of the endocrine system that controls the release of hormones from other glands and regulates growth and development.3. Pharynx（咽部）: The muscular tube at the back of the throat that serves as a passageway for food and air.4. Patella（髌骨）: The kneecap, a small bone located in front of the knee joint.5. Pupil（瞳孔）: The opening in the center of the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye.Q1. Quadriceps（四头肌）: A group of four muscles at the front of the thigh that help extend the leg and stabilize the knee joint.2. Quiescent（静止的）: Inactive or dormant, often used to describe cells or tissues with reduced metabolic activity.R1. Retina（视网膜）: The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells responsible for detecting and processing visual stimuli.2. Radius（桡骨）: One of the two bones in the forearm, located on the thumb side.3. Rib（肋骨）: Curved bones that form the rib cage, protecting the organs in the thoracic cavity.4. Renal artery（肾动脉）: The blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys.S1. Spinal cord（脊髓）: The long, thin bundle of nerves that extends from the brainstem to the lower back, transmitting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body.2. Stomach（胃）: A muscular organ that receives and breaks down food through mechanical and chemical digestion.3. Small intestine（小肠）: The part of the digestive tract where most of the nutrient absorption takes place.4. Spleen（脾脏）: An organ located behind the stomach that filters the blood, stores red blood cells, and helps in the immune response.5. Sweat glands（汗腺）: Glands in the skin that produce sweat to regulate body temperature.T1. Trachea（气管）: The windpipe, a tube that carries air from the throat to the bronchi.2. Thyroid gland（甲状腺）: A gland in the neck that produces hormones important for metabolism, growth, and development.3. Testes（睾丸）: Male reproductive organs that produce sperm and release testosterone.4. Tendon（肌腱）: A flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone.5. Temporal lobe（颞叶）: The lobe of the cerebral cortex responsible for auditory processing and memory.U1. Urethra（尿道）: The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.2. Uterus（子宫）: A hollow, muscular organ in females where the fetus develops during pregnancy.V1. Vein（静脉）: Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.2. Ventricle（心室）: One of the two lower chambers of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart and into the circulatory system.W1. White blood cells（白细胞）: Cells of the immune system that defend the body against pathogens and foreign substances.2. Wrist（腕关节）: The joint that connects the hand to the forearm.X1. Xiphoid process（剑突）: The small, cartilaginous extension at the lower end of the sternum.Y1. Yolk sac（卵黄囊）: A membranous sac that provides nourishment to the developing embryo in the early stages of pregnancy.Z1. Zygote（受精卵）: The cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm during fertilization.希望这个人体解剖英语词汇大全对你有所帮助！通过学习与人体结构和功能相关的英语词汇，你将更好地理解人体解剖学的知识。
英语学习---人体器官+配图
人体器官1、头部及颈部的人体部位英语单词和英文名称head 头brain 脑skull 颅骨, 头盖骨[skʌl]hair 头发forehead 额temple 太阳穴['templ]eyebrow 眉毛['aibrau]eyelash眼睫毛['ailæʃ]ophryon印堂['əufriɔn]eye 眼睛ear 耳朵nose 鼻子[nəuz]cheek 面颊[tʃi:k]dimple 酒涡[dimpl]mole 痣[məul]philtrum人中['fɪltrəm]lip 嘴唇mouth 口cavity口腔['kævəti]tooth 牙齿uvual 小舌['juːvuəl]tonsil 扁桃腺['tɔnsil]tongue 舌[tʌŋ]vocal cords声带['vəukəl] adj. 歌唱的；声音的，有声的[kɔ:d] decayed tooth 龋齿[di'keid] adj. 腐烂的；gum 牙龈[ɡʌm]palate 上牙膛['pælit]incisors 切齿, 门齿[ɪn'saɪzə]canine tooth 犬齿['keinain]premolars 前齿[priː'məʊlə]molars 后牙chin 下巴[tʃin]mustache 小胡子[mə'stɑ:ʃ, 'mʌstæʃ]beard 山羊胡[biəd]whiskers 络腮胡['hwiskəz]sidebums 鬓角[saɪd'bʌmz]Adams apple 喉['ædəmz]throat 喉咙, 咽喉[θrəʊt]breastbone 胸骨joint 关节rib 肋骨[rib]chest 胸部[tʃest]nipple 乳头['nipl]armpit 腋下['ɑ:mpit]armpit hair 腋毛abdomen 腹部[æb'dəumen, 'æbdəmen]navel 肚脐['neivəl]waist 腰[weist]lumbar vertebrae腰椎['lʌmbə] n. 腰椎；腰神经；腰动脉['və:tibri:] n. [解剖] 椎骨；脊椎back 背backbone 脊骨, 脊柱blood vessel 血管['vesəl]vein 静脉[vein] n. 血管artery 动脉['ɑ:təri]capillary 毛细血管[kə'piləri, 'kæpi-]nerve 神经[nə:v]windpipe 气管['windpaip]heart 心脏diaphragm 隔膜['daiəfræm]lung 肺[lʌŋ]kidney 肾脏['kidni]stomach 胃['stʌmək]gullet 食管['gʌlɪt]liver 肝脏['livə]gall bladder 胆囊[ɡɔ:l] n. 胆汁['blædə] n. 膀胱；囊状物，可充气的囊袋pancreas 胰腺['pænkriəs]spleen 脾[spli:n]duodenum 12指肠[,djuːə'diːnəm]small intestine 小肠[in'testin]large intestine 大肠blind gut 盲肠[blaind] [ɡʌt] n. 内脏；肠子vermiform appendix 阑尾['və:mifɔ:m] adj. 蠕虫状的[ə'pendiks] n. 附录；阑尾；附加物rectum 直肠['rektəm]anus 肛门['einəs]hip 臀部[hip]buttock 屁股['bʌtək]pelvis 骨盆['pelvis]private parts 阴部['praivit]cervical vertebra颈椎['sɜːvɪk(ə)l; sɜː'vaɪk(ə)l]adj.颈的 ['vɜːtɪbrə]n. [解剖] 椎骨；[解剖] 脊椎2、手和手掌个不稳英文单词和英语名称elbow joint 肘关节['elbəu]hand 手arm 手臂palm 手掌[pɑ:m]finger 手指nail 指甲[neil]thumb 大拇指[θʌm]forefinger 食指['fɔːfɪŋgə]middle finger 中指third finger 无名指little finger 小指ball 拇指腕掌half moon 甲晕fist 拳头knuckle 指关节['nʌkl]back 手背wrist 手腕[rist]elbow 肘3、人体胸部和下半身各部位英语单词和英文名称collarbone 锁骨['kɒləbəʊn]shoulder 肩['ʃəuldə]shoulder blade 肩胛骨[bleid]shoulder joint 肩关节pit 胸口bladder 膀胱['blædə]penis 阴茎['pi:nis]testicles睾丸testicle ['testikl]scroticles 阴囊[sk'rɒtɪklz]urine 尿道['juərin]ovary 卵巢['əuvəri]womb 子宫[wu:m]vagina 阴道[və'dʒainə]bone 骨[[bəun]]skeleton 骨骼['skelitən]thigh 大腿[θai]kneecap 膝盖骨['ni:kæp]sinew 腱['sinju:]muscle 肌肉['mʌsl]knee 膝盖[ni:]leg 腿shank 小腿[ʃæŋk]calf 小腿肚[kɑ:f, kæf]foot 脚instep 脚背['instep]toes 脚趾toe [təu]ankle 脚踝['æŋkl]Achilless tendon 跟腱[ə'kili:z] ['tendən]heel 脚后跟[hi:l]sole 脚底[səul]arch 脚掌心[ɑ:tʃ] n. 弓形spinal marrow 脊髓['spainəl] adj. 脊髓的；脊柱的['mærəu] n. 髓，骨髓；精华internal organs 内脏[in'tə:nəl] adj. 内部的；内在的；国内的organ ['ɔ:ɡən] n. 器官；机构。
人体解剖学中英名词对照表
人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注：用星号（*）标注的名词为最常用的词汇，必须熟记掌握。
一、总论（一）解剖学分类(Classification of Anatomy)anatomy 解剖学human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学regional (topographic) anatomy, topology 局部解剖学gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学sectional anatomy 断面解剖学pathological (morbid) anatomy 病理解剖学neuroanatomy 神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学developmental anatomy 发生(或发育)histologic anatomy 组织解剖学histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学anthropology 人类学（二）一般解剖学术语(General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v.) 解剖，解剖标本normality，normal (a.) 正常abnormality , abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity, malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型（三）方位术语(Positional Terms)1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2. 方位术语(terms of direction)superior, upper 上inferior, lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧medial (lateral) 内(外)侧intermediate 中间internal, interior, inner, inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 外superficial 浅deep, profound 深proximal (distal) 近(远)侧ulnar (radial) 尺(桡)侧tibial (fibular) 胫(腓)侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中3. 轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinalaxis 垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴sagittal axis 矢状轴plane (平)面horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面sagittal plane 矢状面median sagittal plane 正中矢状面transverse section 横切面longitudinal section 纵切面（四）人体的分部和分区(Toponym and Zonation of the Human body) 1. 头(Head)head头(的)Skull，craniun，cranial (a.) 颅front, frontal, region 额区perietal region 顶区occiput, occipital region 枕区Face, facial (a.) 面orbit, orbital region 眶区nose, nasal region 鼻区mouth, oral region 口区chin, mental region 颌区ear, auditory region 耳区2. 颈(Neck)neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈anterior region of neck, anterior of neck 颈前区carotid triangle 颈动脉三角muscular triangle 肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈后区,项区nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项root of neck 颈根部3. 躯干(Trunk)trunk, truncus 躯干Median anterior line 前正中线sternal line 胸骨线parasternal line 胸骨旁线midclavicular line 锁骨中线anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后) 线midaxillary line 腋中线scapular line 肩胛线median posterior line 后正中线Back, dorsal 背vertebral region 脊柱区sacral region 骶区scapular region 肩胛下区lumbar region 腰Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.) 胸sternal region 胸骨(前)区infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹Hypochondriac 季肋区epigastric region 腹上区lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区umbilical region 脐区inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区，髂区inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角，海氏三角pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区，腹下区Pelvis,pelvic(a. ) 盆部Perineum,perineal (a.) 会阴anal region 肛区urogenital region 尿生殖区4. 四肢(Limbs)limbs, extremities 四肢Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢Shoulder 肩axilla, axillary region 腋区Free upper limb 自由上肢arm,brachial (a.) 臂anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前(后)区elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘forearm, antebrachial (a.) 前臂anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前臂前(后)区hand, manual (a.) 手wrist, carpal (a.) 腕palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌back (palm) of hand 手背(掌)finger, digital (a.) 手指thumb 拇指index finger 示指middle finger 中指ring finger 环指little finger 小指Lower limb 下肢hip, coxal (a.) 髋buttock, gluteal region 臀区Free lower limb 自由下肢anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前(后)区femoral triangle 股三角medial region of thigh 股内侧区knee, geniculate (a.) 膝anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前(后)区leg, crural (a.) 小腿anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前(后)区foot, pedal (a.) 足dorsum of foot 足背sole, planta (pl. plantae) 足底toes 足趾great toe 足母趾二、各章解剖学词汇* (一) 运动系统(Locomotor System) 1．骨学(Osteology )（1）概述osteology 骨学* bone，bony 骨skeleton，skletal (a.) 骨骼long (short，flat) bone 长(短，扁)骨irregular bone 不规则骨pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone 籽骨，shaft，diaphysis 骨干，骨体bony(osseous)substance 骨质compact(spongy)bone 骨密(松)质trabeculae 骨小梁periosteum (外)膜endosteum 骨内膜medullary 髓腔red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓（2）中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)* Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱* vertebral canal 椎管intervertebral foramen 椎间孔cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral) curvature 颈(胸，腰，骶)曲vertebra ( pl. vertebrae) 椎骨vertebral body (arch) 椎体(弓)pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板vertebral foramen 椎孔spinous process 棘突transverse process 横突superior (inferior) articular process 上(下) 关节突cervical vertebrae 颈椎atlas 寰椎axis 枢椎prominent vertebrae 隆椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨coccyx 尾骨thoracic cavity 胸腔superior (inferior) aperture of thorax 胸廓上下口costal arch 肋弓intercostals space 肋间隙infrasternal angle 胸骨下角* ribs ,costa(costae) 肋* sternum 胸骨Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)Xiphoid process 剑突颅骨(skull)cerebral cranium 脑颅cranial cavity颅腔calvaria 颅盖pterion 翼点jugular foramen颈静脉孔internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中，后)窝facial cranium 面颅orbit 眶bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨状孔，鼻前孔posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道temporal fossa 颞窝zugomatic arch 颧弓infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝cranial fontaelles 颅囟anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle 前(后)外侧囟cranial bones 脑颅骨occipital bone 枕骨large foramen of occipital bone 枕骨大孔external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝optic canal 视神经管round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆，棘) 孔temporal bone 颞骨petrous part 岩部mastoid process 乳突carotid canal 颈动脉管tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖arcuate eminence 弓状隆起trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道jugular fossa 颈静脉窝styloid process 茎突stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔facial canal 面神经管external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道) parietal,parietal bone 顶骨parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)frontal bone 额骨frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节) superciliary arch 眉弓supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝ethmoid bone 筛骨cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔)facial bones 面颅骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲lacrimal bone 泪骨nasal bone鼻骨vomer梨骨* maxilla上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨zygomatic bone 颧骨* mandible 下颌骨ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角) masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆coronoid process 冠突condylar process 髁突hyoid bone 舌骨（3）附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula 肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下，外侧) 缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下，外侧) 角glenoid cavity 关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节嵴sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴(冠突，桡) 窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 桡骨head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* uana 尺骨olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bone 手舟骨lunate bone 月骨triangular bone 三角骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨capitate bone 头状骨hamate bone 钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩Metacarpal bones 掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨proximal (middle, distal) phalanx 近(中，远) 指(或趾)骨下肢骨(Bones of lower limb)pelvic girdle 下肢带骨，盆带骨* hip bone 髋骨acetabulum 髋臼acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)obturator foramen 闭孔* Ilium 髂骨body (ala) of ilium 髂骨体(翼)arcuate line 弓状线iliac crest 髂嵴Tubercle 髂结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 髂前上(下) 棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘Iliac fossa 髂窝Auricular surface 耳状面Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大(小)切迹* Pubis 耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起pecten of pubis 耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur 股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line 耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface腘面medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁patella 髌骨* tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line 比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁Fibula,perone 腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones 跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus 跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨2．关节学(arthrology)（1）概述synosteology 关节学，关节解剖学articulation 连结，关节joint 关节，连结synovial joints 滑膜关节fibrous 纤维连结syndesmosis 韧带连结suture 缝cartilaginous joints 软骨连结synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨) 结合symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性结合articular surface (cavity) 关节面(腔)articular disk 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule 关节囊fibrous layer (membrane) 纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜synovial fold (villi) 滑膜襞synovial fluid 滑液ligament (lig.) 韧带extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带Action 动作，作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.) 伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.) 收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.) 展Medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.) 旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后circumduction 环转运动（2）中轴骨骼的连结(Joints of the Axial Skeleton) vertebral joints 椎骨连结yellow lig. 黄韧带ionterspinous lig. 棘间韧带intertransverse lig. 横突间韧带supraspinous lig. 棘上韧带Intervertebral symphysis 椎间联合interverbral discs 椎间盘Fibrous rings 纤维环Pulpiform nucleus 髓核Anterior longitudinal 前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal 前后韧带Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结Costovertebral joints 肋椎关节Joint of costal head 肋头关节Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节Sternocostal joints 胸肋关节Cranial suture 颅缝Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝Lambdoid suture 人字缝Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节（3）附肢骨骼的连结(Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结coracoacromial lig. 喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig. 喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint 肩关节Elbow joint 肘关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节Joints of hand 手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints 骶髂关节Sacrotuberous lig. 骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen 坐骨大(小)孔Pelvis 骨盆Terminal line 界线Greater (lesser) pelvis 大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口Pubic arch 耻骨弓Subpubic angle 耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint 髋关节Transverse acetabular lig. 髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Knee joint 膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee 膝横韧带Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig. 后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig. 腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella 髌韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节talocrural joint, ankle joint 距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints 跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint 距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch 足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch 内(外) 侧纵弓transverse arch 横弓3. 肌学(myology)（1）概述muscle (m.) 肌肉cardiac muscle 心肌smooth muscle 平滑肌skeletal muscle 骨骼肌long (short, broad, flat) muscle 长(短，阔，扁) 肌orbicular muscle 轮匝肌sphincter 括约肌dilator, dilatator 开大肌venter (belly) 肌腹tendon 腱aponeurosis 腱膜origin 起点，固定点insertion 止点，动点accessory (subservient) structure 辅助结构tendinous sheath 腱鞘synovial sheath of tendon 滑膜腱鞘fascia 筋膜superficial (deep) fascia 浅(深)筋膜synovial bursa 滑膜囊subcutaneous tissue (fat) 皮下组织(脂肪)（2）躯干肌(Muscles of Trunk)muscles of back 背肌trapezius m. 斜方肌broadest m. of back 背阔肌erector spinal m. 竖脊肌muscles of neck 颈肌platysma m. 颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid m. 胸锁乳突肌anterior (middle, posterior) scalene m. 前中后斜角肌scalene fissure 斜角肌suprahyoid muscles 舌骨上肌群infrahyoid muscles 舌骨下肌群thoracic m. 胸肌greater (lesser) pectoral m. 胸大(小)肌anterior serratus m. 前锯肌thoracic proper m. 胸固有肌external intercostal m. 肋间外肌internal intercostal m. 肋间内肌external (internal) intercostals membrane 肋间外(内)膜transverse m. of thorax 胸横肌intimate intercostal m. 肋间最内肌* diaphragm 膈central tendon 中心腱aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔hiatus of vena cave 腔静裂孔abdominal m. 腹肌abdominal rectus m., straight m. of abdomen 腹直肌sheath of rectus m. 腹直肌鞘external (internal) oblique m. of abdomen 腹外(内) 斜肌inguinal lig. 腹股沟韧带superficial (deep) inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环transverse m. of abdomen 腹横肌inguinal canal 腹股沟管（2）头肌(Muscles of Head)Facial m. 面肌epicranial m. 颅顶肌occipitofrontal m. 枕额肌frontal(occipital)belly 额(枕)腹epicranial aponeurosis,galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜orbicuaal m. of eye 眼轮匝肌orbicular m. of mouth 口轮匝肌buccinator,buccinator m.颊肌masticatory m.咀嚼肌masseter m.咬肌（3）上肢肌(Muscles of Upper Limb)muscles of shoulder girdle上肢带肌,肩带肌deltoid m.三角肌muscles of arm 臂肌brachial biceps (triceps) m. 肱二(三)头肌anconeus m. 肘肌round pronator m.旋前圆肌radial (ulnar)flexor m. of wrist 桡(尺)侧腕屈肌long palmar m.掌长肌superficial (deep)fleaor m. of fingers 指浅(深)屈肌long flexor m, of thumb 拇长屈肌quadrate pronator m. brachioradialis 旋前方肌brachioradial m., brachioradialis 肱桡肌long (short)radial extensor carpal m. 桡侧腕长(短)伸肌extensor m. of fingers指伸肌extensor m. of lesser finger 小指伸肌ulnar extensor m. of wrist尺侧腕伸肌supinator m. 旋后肌long abductor (extensor) m. of thumb拇长展(伸)肌short extensor m. of thumb 拇短伸肌extensor m. of index finger 示指伸肌muscles of hand 手肌short abductor (flexor ) m. of thumb 拇短展(屈)肌opposing m. of thumb拇对掌肌abductor (opposing) m. of little finger小指展(对掌)肌lumbrrical m. 蚓状肌palmar (dorsal)interosseous m.骨间掌(背) 侧肌（4）下肢肌(muscles of lower limb)muscles of hip髋肌iliopsoas m.髂腰肌iliac m.髂肌greater psoas m.腰大肌greatest (middle, least) gluteal m.臀大(中，小)肌tensor m. of broad fascia阔筋膜张肌pririform m.梨状肌internal obturator m.闭孔内肌external obturator m.闭孔外肌quadrate m. of thigh股方肌muscles of thigh 大腿肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps m. lf thigh股四头肌pectineal m. 耻骨肌slender m. gracile m股薄肌.long(short)adductor m.长短收肌great adductor m.大收肌biceps m. of thigh股二头肌semiterninous m. 半腱肌semimembranous m.半膜肌muscles of leg 小腿肌anterior (posterior)tibial m.胫骨前后肌long extensor m. of digits趾长伸肌long estensor m. lf great toe拇长伸肌long (short)peroneal 腓骨长短肌triceps m. of calf 小腿三头肌gastrocnemius m.腓肠肌soleus m.比目鱼肌tendon of heel跟腱long flexor m. of toe趾长伸肌long flexor m. of great toe 拇长屈肌muscles of foot 足肌broad fascia 阔筋膜iliotibial tract 髂筋束adductor tendinous opening, adductor hiatus 收肌腱裂孔adductor canal 收肌管muscular lacuna 肌腔隙iliopectineal arch 髂耻弓vascular lacuna 血管腔隙femoral triangle(sheath) 股三角(鞘)femoral canal(ring) 股管(环)saphenous hiatus, oral fossa 隐静脉裂孔，卵圆窝malleolar canal 踝管二、内脏学(Splanchnology)* （一）消化系统(Digestive System)digestive system ，alimentary system 消化系统internal organ ，splanchna ，viscera 内脏splanchnology 内脏学digestive apparatus 消化器digestive canal 消化管1. 上消化道Superior Digestive TractMouth 口Oral cavity ，mouth cavity 口腔Hard (soft) palate 硬(软)腭Gum 牙龈Sublingual caruncle 舌下阜Sublingual fold 舌下襞Papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头Oral glands 口腔腺Major salivary glands 大唾液腺Sublingual gland舌下腺Major(minor)sublingual duct 舌下腺大(小)管Submandibular gland下颌下腺Submandibular duct下颌下腺管* Parotid gland 腮腺Parotid duct 腮腺管Tooth牙Incisor teeth incisor切牙Lateral (second) incisor侧切牙Canine teeth 尖牙Premolor teeth 前磨牙molor teeth磨牙* tongue, lingua 舌apex (dorsoum，root，body) of tongue 舌尖(背，根，体) lingual mucous membrane 舌黏膜frenulum of tongue 舌系带papillae of tongue,lingual papillae舌乳头filiformpapillae 丝状乳头fungiform papillae 菌状乳头vallate papillae 轮廓乳头foliate papillae叶状乳头terminal sulcus 界沟foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔muscles of tongue 舌肌genioglossus m 颏舌肌* pharynx咽isthmus of fauces, fauces咽峡palatine velum腭帆palatine uvula,uvula腭垂，悬雍垂palatoglossal arch腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓palatine tonsil腭扁桃体tonsillar fossa扁桃体窝cavity (fornix) of pharynx 咽腔nasopharynx鼻咽eustachian cushion, tubal torus咽鼓管圆枕tonsillar ring扁桃体环pharyngeal recess咽隐窝oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽piriform recess梨状隐窝* esophagus 食管，食道cervical (thoracic, abdominal) part ofesophagus 食管颈(胸，腹)部* stomach胃greater curvature of stomach胃大弯lesser curvature of stomach胃小弯angular (gastric) notch角切迹cardia, cardiac orifice贲门cardiac part 贲门部fundus (body) of stomach 胃底cardiac notch (incisure) 贲门切迹pylorus,pyloric orifice幽门pyloric part (canal, antrum) 幽门部(管，窦)* small intestine小肠solitary lymphatic follicles孤立淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphatic follicles集合淋巴滤泡* duodenum十二指肠ampulla,duodenal bulb十二指肠球major(minor)duodenal papilla十二指肠大(小)乳头duodinojejunal flexure十二指肠空肠曲suspensory m.of duodenum十二指肠悬肌2. 下消化道(Inferior Digestive Tract)* jejunum 空肠* ileum回肠* large intestine大肠c(a)ecum盲肠ileocecal valve(orifice)回盲(瓣)口* vermix,vermiform appendix阑尾* colon结肠ascending (transverse, descending) colon升(横，降)结肠right colic flexure,hepatic flexure 结肠右曲，肝曲left colic flexure,splenic flexure 结肠左曲，脾曲sigmoid colon乙状结肠haustra of colon结肠袋colic lig结肠带epiploic appendices肠脂垂* rectum直肠sacral(perineal)flexure骶(会阴)曲anal canal(column,sinus,valves肛管(柱，窦，瓣) anorectal line肛直肠线dentate line,anocutaneous line齿状线，肛皮线anal pecten,hemorrhoidal ring肛梳anus肛门internal sphincter m. of anus肛门内括约肌3. 消化腺(Digestive Glands)* liver肝diaphragmatic surface膈面visceral surface脏面sulcus for vena cava腔静脉沟fossa for gallbladder胆囊窝round lig.of liver肝圆韧带venous lig. (duct) 静脉韧带door of liver肝门hepatic pedicle肝蒂left (right) lobe左(右)叶quadrate (caudate) lobe方(尾状)叶bile duct胆管extrahepatic duct肝外胆道common hepatic duct肝总管left (right) hepatic duct肝左右管* gallbladder胆囊fundus (body,neck) of gallbladder胆囊底(体，颈) cystic duct胆囊管common bile duct胆总管hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹sphincter m.of hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹括约肌* pancreas胰uncinate process钩突head(body,tail)of pancreas胰头(体，尾)pancreatic duct胰管accessary pancreatic duct副胰管（二）* 呼吸系统(Respiratory System)respiratory apparatus(organ) 呼吸器superior (inferior) respiratory tract 上(下) 呼吸道nose 鼻external nose 外鼻root (back,apex,wing )of nose鼻根(背，尖，翼) nasolabial groove鼻唇沟nasal cartilage鼻软骨naris (pl.nares )鼻孔posterior nasal apertures, choanae鼻后孔nasal septum鼻中隔nasal vestibule鼻前庭proper nasal cavity固有鼻腔sphenoethmoidal recess蝶筛隐窝superior (middle, inferior )meatus of nose上(中，下)鼻道* paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦maxillary sinus上颌窦sphenoidal (frontal, ethmoidal)sinus蝶(额，筛)窦* larynx喉laryngeal cartilages喉软骨thyroid cartilage甲状软骨cricoid cartilage环状软骨arytenoid cartilage勺状软骨epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨laryngeal m.喉肌cricothyroid m.环甲肌laryngeal cavity喉腔laryngeal aperture喉口epiglottis会厌vestibule of larynx喉前庭vestibular fold (slit ) 前庭襞(裂)intermediate cavity of larynx喉中间腔ventricle of larynx喉室glottis声门slit of glottis声门裂vocal fold 声带，声襞infraglottic cavity声门下腔elastic cone弹性圆锥cricothyroid membrane环甲膜vocal lig.声韧带* trachea气管cervial (thoracic )part颈(胸)部tracheal cartilages气管软骨bifurcation of trachea气管杈carina of trachea气管隆嵴bronchus (pl.bronchi )支气管left (right ) principal bronchus左(右)主支气管lobar bronchi肺叶支气管segmental bronchi肺段支气管* lung 肺apex (base) of lung肺尖(底)costal (medial, diaphragmatic) surface肋(内侧，膈)面cardiac notch of left lung 左肺心切迹lingula of left lung左肺小舌hilus (root)of lung 肺根(门)oblique fissure斜裂horizontal dissure of right lung 右肺水平裂bronchopulmonary sehments支气管肺段superior (middle, inferior)lobe上(中,下)叶thoracic (pleural)cavity胸(胸膜)腔pleura胸膜cupula of pleura,cervical pleura胸膜顶visceral (parietal)pleura脏(壁)胸膜mediastinal (costal,diaphragmatic)pleura 纵隔(肋，膈)胸膜pleural recesses胸膜隐窝costomediastinal recess肋纵隔隐窝Mediastinum纵隔Superior (inferior)mediastinum上(下)纵隔Anterior (middle,posterior)mediastinum前(中，后)纵隔（三）* 泌尿系统(Urinary System)urogenital system泌尿生殖系统urinary organs泌尿器* kidney肾renal hilus (sinus，pedicle)肾门(窦，蒂)renal fascia肾筋膜fatly (adipose) capsule脂肪囊fibrous capsule纤维囊renal cortex (medulla)肾皮(髓)质renal pyramid肾锥体renal papilla 肾乳头papillary foramen乳头孔renal columns (pelvis)肾柱(盂)renal calices肾盏major (minor) renal calices肾大(小)盏* ureter输尿管* bladder，urinary bladder膀胱apex(body，fundus，neck)of bladder膀胱尖(体，底，颈) trigone of bladder，vesical trigone膀胱三角interureteric ridge输尿管间襞orifice of ureter输尿管口internal urethral orifice尿道内口female urethra女尿道（四）* 生殖系统(Reproductive System) reproductive system，genital system生殖系统male(female)genital organs男女性生殖器internal(external)genital organs内(外)生殖器1. 男性生殖器(Male Genital Organs)testicle，testis睾丸* epididymis附睾deferential (spermatic)duct输精管ejaculatory duct射精管seminal vesicle精囊精囊腺spermatic cord精索cremasteric m. 提睾肌prostate前列腺apex (base，body, sulcus) of prostate前列腺尖(底，体，沟) bulbourethral gland尿道球腺penis 阴茎prepuce of penis阴茎包皮bulb of urethra尿道球male urethra男尿道prostatic part前列腺部seminal colliculus精阜membranous part膜部subpubic curvature耻骨下弯prepubic curvature耻骨前弯scrotum阴囊dartos coat，dartos肉膜2. 女性生殖器(female Genital Organs)* ovary卵巢* uterine tube，oviduct输卵管* Womb, uterus 子宫Fundus of uterus 子宫底(体)Isthmrs of uterus 子宫峡(角)Neck of uterus, cervix子宫颈Orifice (cavity) of uterus 子宫口(腔)Canal of cervix of uterus 子宫颈管Round (broad ) lig. Of uterus 子宫圆(阔)韧带Cardinal lig. Of uterus 子宫主韧带Sacroluterine lig. 骶子宫韧带Vagina 阴道Female pudendum, vulva 女阴Mons pubis 阴阜Greater (lesser ) lip of pudendum 大(小)阴唇Vaginal vestibule 阴道前庭Vaginal orifice阴道口3. 乳房，会阴(Mamma and perineum)Mamma(pl.mammae). breast乳头Mammary gland 乳腺Perineum 会阴Pelvic diaphragm盆膈Urogenital diaphragm 尿生殖膈Sphincter m. of urethra尿道括约肌（五）腹膜(Peritoneum)Parietal(visceral) peritoneum壁(脏)腹膜Abdominal cavity腹腔Peritoneal cavity,greater sac 腹膜腔，大囊Omenta bursa, lesser sac 网膜囊，小囊Omental foramen, epiploic foramen网膜孔Mesentery肠系膜Lesser omentum小网膜Inguinal trigone 腹股沟三角rectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹rectovesical pouch 直肠膀胱陷凹四、* 脉管系统(Vascular system)（一）概述vascular system, angiological system 脉管系统angiology 脉管学circulatory system循环系统cardiovascular system心血管系统* heart 心blood血液vessel 管，脉管blood vessel 血管arteriole 小动脉arteriolovenular anastomsis 小静脉vein (v.) 静脉cutaneous v. 皮静脉superficial(deep) v. 浅(深)静脉accompanying v. 伴行动脉venule 小静脉venous valve 静脉瓣venous plexus(rete)静脉丛(网)capillary 毛细管（二）心血管系统(Cardiovascular system) systemic circulation,greater circulation 体循环，大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation肺循环，小循环fetal circulation 胎血循环1. 心(heart)cardiac apex(bace) 心尖(底)cardiac apical incisure 心尖切迹sternocostal(diaphragmatic) surface 胸肋(膈)面pulmonary surface 肺面right border 右缘left border, obtuse margin 左缘，钝缘inferior border, acute margin 下缘，锐缘anterior (posterior) interventricular groove 前(后)室间沟coronary sulcus 冠状沟atrioventricular junction 房室交点atrioventricular septum 房室膈* cardiac ventricle 心室interventricular septum 室间隔muscular (membranous ) part 肌(膜)部* cardiac atrium 心房left (right) auricle of heart 左(右)心耳interatrial (interauricular) septum 房间膈left(right)atrioventricular orifice左(右)房室口cardiac m. 心肌pectinate m.梳状肌carbeous trabeculae 肉柱papillary m. 乳头肌tendinous cord 腱索fibrous skeleton 纤维支架left fibrous trigone 左纤维三角架right fibrous trigone, central fibrous body 左纤维三角left (right) fibrous ring 左(右)纤维环endocardium 心内膜right atrium 右心房limiting sulcus, terminal groove 界沟terminal crest 界嵴sinus of vena cava 腔静脉窦oval fossa (foramen)卵圆孔border of ovalo fossa卵圆窝缘orifice of superior 上(下)腔静脉口valve of inferior vena cava 下腔静脉瓣orifice(valve)of coronary sinus冠状窦口right ventricle 右心室right atrioventricular valve, tricuspid valve 右房室瓣supraventricular crest室上嵴arterial cone动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice(valve) 肺动脉口(瓣)nodules of semilunar valves半月瓣小节septomarginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱left atrium 左心房orifice of pulmonary v. 肺静脉口left ventricle 左心室left atrioventricular valve, vicuspid valve 左房室瓣，二尖瓣aortic orifice (valve) 主动脉口(瓣)conduction system of heart 心传导系统sinoatrial node 窦房结hinternodal tract 结间束atrioventricular node 房室结atrioventricular bundle 房室束left (right) bundle branch 左(右)束支right coronary a. 右冠状动脉Left coronary a. 左冠状动脉anterior interventricular branch 前室间支circumflex branch , 旋支cardiac v. 心静脉coronary sinus 冠状窦great cardiac v. 心大静脉middle cardiac v. 心中静脉small cardiac v. 心小静脉* pericardium 心包fibrous pericardium 纤维心包serous pericardium 浆膜心包parietal layer 壁层visceral layer , epicardium 脏层，心外膜cavity of pericardium 心包腔2. 动脉(Artery)* pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干bifurcation of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉叉left (right) pulmonary 左(右)肺动脉arterial duct (lig.) 动脉导管(韧带)* aorta 主动脉ascending aorta 升主动脉* brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干* common carotid a. 颈总动脉carotid sinus (bodies) 颈动脉窦(小球) * internal carotid a. 颈内动脉* external carotid a. 颈外动脉superior thyroid 甲状腺上动脉lingual (facial) a. 舌(面)动脉occipital a. 枕动脉posterior auricular a. 耳后动脉superficial temporal a. 颞浅动脉maxillary a. 上颌动脉middle meningeal a. 脑膜中动脉subclavicular a. 锁骨下动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉axillary a. 腋动脉thoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉brachial a. 肱动脉。
人体各器官的英语名称
人体各器官的英语名称人体各器官得英语名称1、头部及颈部得人体部位英语单词与英文名称?heaｄ头brａｉn 脑?skull 颅骨, 头盖骨ｈair 头发ｆｏreｈeaｄ额ｔemplｅ太阳穴eyebｒow 眉毛eyｅlash眼睫毛?ｏphryｏｎ印堂ｅyｅ眼睛eａr耳朵?nose 鼻子?ｃheek 面颊diｍｐｌｅ酒涡?ｍole 痣?philtｒum人中?lｉｐ嘴唇ｍoutｈ口?ｃaｖity口腔toｏtｈ牙齿?uvual 小舌?ｔoｎｓil 扁桃腺?tongue 舌?ｖｏcaｌcordｓ声带decａyed tooth 龋齿?ｇuｍ牙龈?pａｌａte 上牙膛iｎｃisors切齿，门齿?ｃanine tooｔh大齿ｐremｏｌars 前齿mｏｌａrs 后牙ｄenlture 假齿ｃhin 下巴?mｕｓtacｈe小胡子?bearｄ山羊胡whiskers络腮胡?sｉｄｅbums 鬓角?Ａdaｍｓapplｅ喉?ｔｈｒｏat 喉咙,咽喉ｎeck 脖子cｅrｖicaｌvertｅbra颈椎２、手与手掌个不稳英文单词与英语名称elbｏw jｏiｎt 肘关节?hand 手arm手臂?paｌm 手掌ｆinｇer手指?nail 指甲?thumｂ大拇指ｆorefinｇer食指?midｄleｆｉnｇeｒ中指?third fiｎger 无名指?liｔtlｅfｉngｅｒ小指?baｌｌ拇指腕掌half mｏon 甲晕?fiｓt 拳头?knｕckle 指关节3、人体胸部与下半身bａcｋ手背?ｗrisｔ手腕?eｌbow 肘??各部位英语单词与英文名称collａrｂone 锁骨sｈouldｅｒ肩shｏuｌder blａde 肩胛骨?ｓhｏulｄer joint 肩关节pit 胸口?ｂｒｅastbone胸骨?joinｔ关节?rib 肋骨?cｈest 胸部?nipple 乳头?arｍｐit 腋下aｒmｐit hair 腋毛?abｄｏmｅｎ腹部ｎavｅl 肚脐waｉst 腰?lumｂar veｒtebraｅ腰椎?back背?backbone 脊骨,脊柱?bloodｖesｓeｌ血管?ｖeｉn 静脉?artery动脉cａpiｌlary毛细血管nerve神经?windpｉｐe 气管?heａrｔ心脏?ｄiaphraｇm 隔膜?lung 肺kidney肾脏sｔｏmacｈ胃gｕｌlｅｔ食管livｅr 肝脏ｇaｌl blａdｄer胆囊pａｎcrｅａs 胰腺ｓｐｌeeｎ脾?duｏdenｕm12指肠?smａll intestｉne 小肠lａrge intestine 大肠?blｉnd gut盲肠veｒmｉfｏｒm、ａppenｄix 阑尾?rｅctum 直肠?ａnuｓ肛门ｈip 臀部buｔtｏｃｋ屁股pelviｓ骨盆?private parts阴部blaｄder 膀胱?pｅnis 阴茎?testicｌes 睾丸?sｃroticｌes 阴囊?ｕrinｅ尿道?ovarｙ卵巢womb 子宫vagｉna 阴道bｏnｅ骨skeleton 骨骼ｔhiｇh 大腿?kｎｅｅcap膝盖骨?sｉnew腱?ｍuｓcｌe 肌肉ｋnee膝盖leg 腿shaｎk 小腿calｆ小腿肚?foot 脚insｔｅp 脚背?tｏｅs 脚趾aｎkle脚踝?Ａchilless tendon跟腱?ｈeel脚后跟ｓｏｌe脚底?arｃh 脚掌心spinal marｒow脊髓?ｉnｔerｎal ｏｒgans 内脏。
人体部位词汇中英互译
人体部位词汇中英互译推荐文章人体主要系统名称中英对照热度：深层角膜炎词汇中英对照热度：分子肿瘤学词汇中英对照热度：妇产科检查相关词汇中英对照热度：遗传学相关词汇中英对照热度：接下来小编为大家整理了人体部位词汇中英互译，希望对你有帮助哦!人体部位词汇中英互译：Cranium 颅front 额Occipt 枕temples 颞ear 耳face 面eye 眼nose 鼻mouth 口lip 唇neck 颈trunk 干，躯干back 背thorax 胸abdomen 腹umbilicus 脐pelvis 骨盆hip 髋limb，extremity 肢upper limb(extremity) 上肢lower limb(extremity) 下肢axilla 腋arm 臂elbow 肘forearm 前臂hand 手wrist 腕palm 掌thenar 鱼际hypothenar 小鱼际finger 指thumb 拇指index finger 示指thigh，femur 股knee 膝leg 小腿ankle，malleolus 踝foot 足tarsus 跗sole 跖toe 趾Introduction 绪论anatomical position 解剖学姿势sagittal plane 矢状面median (or midsagittal) plane 正中矢状面coronal (or frontal) plane 冠状面(或额状面) transverse (or horizontal) plane 横断面(或水平面) tnterior (or ventral) surface 前面(或腹侧面) posterior (or dorsal) surface 后面(或背侧面) superior (or cranial) end 上端(或颅端)inferior (or caudal) end 下端(或尾端)medial (ulnar or tibial) border 内侧(尺侧或胫侧)缘lateral (radial or fibular) border 外侧(桡侧或腓侧)缘proximal (or upper) end 近侧端(或上端)distal (or lower) end 远侧端(或下端)internal (or interior) surface 内面external (or exterior) surface 外面superficial layer 浅层deep layer 深层。
人体器官中英对照
1．人体。
从头到脚，我想知道你的一切。
Cell 细胞Chromosome 染色体Gene 基因Tissue组织Organ 器官Blood vessel 血管Artery 动脉Vein 静脉2.面部Head 头Hair 头发Brain 大脑Cerebral 大脑的Cerebral death脑死亡Forehead 额头Wrinkles 皱纹Eyebrow 眉毛Eyelid 眼皮Eye 眼睛Wink 眨眼Double for the eyelid 双眼皮儿Eyelash 眼睫毛Nose 鼻子Breath 呼吸Nostril 鼻孔Cheek 脸颊Ear 耳朵Facial hair 胡须Mustache 八字胡Jaw 下巴Beard 胡子Sideburns 鬓角Oral 嘴的Lip 嘴唇Tongue 舌头Teeth 牙齿Gums 牙龈Dentures 假牙Wisdom teeth 智齿Molar 臼齿3.内部器官Tonsils 扁桃腺Throat 嗓子Heart 心脏Leaver 肝Lungs 肺Kidneys 肾脏Spleen脾脏Stomach 胃Digest 消化Alimentary organ 消化器官Small intestine 小肠Large intestine大肠Appendices 盲肠Anus 肛门Break wind 放屁4.上半身Neck 脖子Shoulder 肩膀Arm 胳膊album 胳膊肘Hand 手Fist 拳Palm 手掌Finger 手指Thumb 大拇指Index finger食指Middle finger 中指Ring finger 无名指Pinky finger 小拇指Nail 趾甲Chest 胸部Brest 乳房Bellybutton肚脐Stomach 肚子Potbelly 大肚子Hypodermic fat皮下脂肪ribs 肋骨Bust 胸Waist 腰Hips 臀Buttocks 屁股蛋Bone骨头Muscle 肌肉Carnal 肉体的5．生殖器官reproductive organs Male 男性Phallic 男性生殖器Female 女性Virginor 女性生殖器Testicles 睾丸Womb 子宫Ovary 卵巢Oval 椭圆形的Period 月经PMS pre-menses syndrome经前综合症Miss in cycle月经不调Sterile 不孕的Impotence 阳萎Pregnancy 妊娠Embryo 胚胎Abortion 堕胎Miscarriage 流产Stillbirth 死产Embryo cloning 胚胎复制Crone 克隆人6．下半身Thigh 大腿Knee 膝盖Lap膝盖Ankle 脚踝Foot 脚Tope 脚趾Hill 脚后跟Achilles hill 唯一的弱点Achilles tendon阿基里斯腱7.补充Appearance 外表Complected 气色Dimple 酒窝Earlobe 耳垂Nerve 神经Pulse 脉搏Skeleton 骨骼Slaver 口水The disable 残障者。
Eight system of human body人体八大系统
Eight system of human body1 结构简介人体(动物)的结构：细胞（由分化形成组织）——组织——器官——系统——生物体：由简单到复杂由各个器官按照一定的顺序排列在一起，完成一项或多项生理活动的结构叫系统。
人体的基本单位—细胞2 消化系统人体内与消化摄食有关的器官包括：口腔、咽、食道、胃、小肠、大肠、肛门、以及唾液腺、胃腺、肠腺、胰腺、肝脏等，因此称它们为消化器官。
这些消化器官协同工作，共同完成对食物的消化和对营养物质的吸收。
所有的消化器官的总和称为消化系统。
消化系统由消化道和消化腺两部分组成。
负责食物的摄取和消化，使我们获得糖类、脂肪、蛋白质和维生素等营养。
其中，“糖，脂肪，蛋白质”被称为“三大产热营养素”。
糖类最终被消化为葡萄糖；脂肪最终被消化为甘油+脂肪酸；蛋白质最终被消化为氨基酸。
3 神经系统神经系统（nervoussystem）是机体内起主导作用的系统。
内、外环境的各种信息，由感受器接受后，通过周围神经传递到脑和脊髓的各级中枢进行整合，再经周围神经控制和调节机体各系统器官的活动，以维持机体与内、外界环境的相对平衡。
神经系统是由脑、脊髓、脑神经、脊神经、和植物性神经，以及各种神经节组成。
能协调体内各器官、各系统的活动，使之成为完整的一体，并与外界环境发生相互作用。
4 呼吸系统呼吸系统包括呼吸道（鼻腔、咽、喉、气管、支气管）和肺。
动物体在新陈代谢过程中要不断消耗氧气，产生二氧化碳。
机体与外界环境进行气体交换的过程称为呼吸。
气体交换地有两处，一处是由外界与呼吸器官（如肺、腮）的气体交换，称肺呼吸或腮呼吸（或外呼吸）；另一处由血液和组织液与机体组织、细胞之间进行气体交换（称内呼吸）。
在高等动物和人体，呼吸过程由三个相互衔接并且同时进行的环节来完成：外呼吸或肺呼吸，包括肺通气（外界空气与肺之间的气体交换过程）和肺换气（肺泡与肺毛细血管之间的气体交换过程）；气体在血液中的运输；内呼吸或组织呼吸，即组织换气（血液与组织、细胞之间的气体交换过程），有时也将细胞内的氧化过程包括在内。
人体解剖学中英名词对照表
人体解剖学英汉名词对照表注：用星号（*）标注的名词为最常用的词汇，必须熟记掌握。
一、总论（一）解剖学分类(Classification of Anatomy)anatomy 解剖学human anatomy, anthropotomy 人类解剖学systematic anatomy 系统解剖学regional (topographic) anatomy, topology 局部解剖学gross (macroscopic) anatomy 大体解剖学，巨视解剖学microscopic anatomy 显微解剖学macro-microscopic anatomy 巨-微解剖学sectional anatomy 断面解剖学pathological (morbid) anatomy 病理解剖学neuroanatomy 神经解剖学chemical neuroanatomy 化学解剖学developmental anatomy 发生(或发育)histologic anatomy 组织解剖学histology 组织学embryology 胚胎学anthropology 人类学（二）一般解剖学术语(General Anatomical Terms) dissection，dissect (v.) 解剖，解剖标本normality，normal (a.) 正常abnormality , abnormal 异常variation 变异deformity, malformation 畸形specimen 标本model 模型（三）方位术语(Positional Terms)1. anatomical position 解剖学姿势2. 方位术语(terms of direction)superior, upper 上inferior, lower 下anterior 前侧posterior 后侧ventral (dorsal) 腹(背)侧medial (lateral) 内(外)侧intermediate 中间internal, interior, inner, inside 内external, exterior, outer, outside 外superficial 浅deep, profound 深proximal (distal) 近(远)侧ulnar (radial) 尺(桡)侧tibial (fibular) 胫(腓)侧palmar 掌侧plantar 足底left 左right 右middle 中median 正中3. 轴和面(Axes and Planes)axis (pl. axes),axial (a.) 轴vertical (perpendicular) axis, longitudinalaxis 垂直轴, 纵轴coronal (frontal) axis 冠(额)状轴sagittal axis 矢状轴plane (平)面horizontal (transverse) plane 水平面,横平面coronal (frontal) plane 冠(额)状面sagittal plane 矢状面median sagittal plane 正中矢状面transverse section 横切面longitudinal section 纵切面（四）人体的分部和分区(Toponym and Zonation of the Human body) 1. 头(Head)head头(的)Skull，craniun，cranial (a.) 颅front, frontal, region 额区perietal region 顶区occiput, occipital region 枕区Face, facial (a.) 面orbit, orbital region 眶区nose, nasal region 鼻区mouth, oral region 口区chin, mental region 颌区ear, auditory region 耳区2. 颈(Neck)neck, collum, cervical & jugular (a.) 颈anterior region of neck, anterior of neck 颈前区carotid triangle 颈动脉三角muscular triangle 肌三角,肩胛舌骨肌气管三角sternocleidomastoid region 胸锁乳突肌区supraclavicular triangle 锁骨上三角posterior region of neck, nuchal region 颈后区,项区nape, nucha, nuchal (a.) 项root of neck 颈根部3. 躯干(Trunk)trunk, truncus 躯干Median anterior line 前正中线sternal line 胸骨线parasternal line 胸骨旁线midclavicular line 锁骨中线anterior (posterior) axillary line 腋前(后) 线midaxillary line 腋中线scapular line 肩胛线median posterior line 后正中线Back, dorsal 背vertebral region 脊柱区sacral region 骶区scapular region 肩胛下区lumbar region 腰Chest, thorax, thoracic (a.) 胸sternal region 胸骨(前)区infraclavicular fossa 锁骨下窝Abdomen, abdominal (a.) 腹Hypochondriac 季肋区epigastric region 腹上区lateral region of abdomem 腹外侧区umbilical region 脐区inguinal region, iliac region, 腹股沟区，髂区inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角，海氏三角pubic region, hypogastric region 耻区，腹下区Pelvis,pelvic(a. ) 盆部Perineum,perineal (a.) 会阴anal region 肛区urogenital region 尿生殖区4. 四肢(Limbs)limbs, extremities 四肢Upper limbs (extremities) 上肢Shoulder 肩axilla, axillary region 腋区Free upper limb 自由上肢arm,brachial (a.) 臂anterior (posterior ) brachial region 臂前(后)区elbow, cubital, (a.) 肘forearm, antebrachial (a.) 前臂anterior (posterior ) antebrachial region 前臂前(后)区hand, manual (a.) 手wrist, carpal (a.) 腕palm, palmar, metacarpal (a.) 掌back (palm) of hand 手背(掌)finger, digital (a.) 手指thumb 拇指index finger 示指middle finger 中指ring finger 环指little finger 小指Lower limb 下肢hip, coxal (a.) 髋buttock, gluteal region 臀区Free lower limb 自由下肢anterior (posterior) region of thigh 股前(后)区femoral triangle 股三角medial region of thigh 股内侧区knee, geniculate (a.) 膝anterior (posterior) region of knee 膝前(后)区leg, crural (a.) 小腿anterior (posterior) crural region 小腿前(后)区foot, pedal (a.) 足dorsum of foot 足背sole, planta (pl. plantae) 足底toes 足趾great toe 足母趾二、各章解剖学词汇* (一) 运动系统(Locomotor System) 1．骨学(Osteology )（1）概述osteology 骨学* bone，bony 骨skeleton，skletal (a.) 骨骼long (short，flat) bone 长(短，扁)骨irregular bone 不规则骨pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone 籽骨，shaft，diaphysis 骨干，骨体bony(osseous)substance 骨质compact(spongy)bone 骨密(松)质trabeculae 骨小梁periosteum (外)膜endosteum 骨内膜medullary 髓腔red(yellow)bone marrow 红(黄)骨髓（2）中轴骨骼(Axial Skeleton)躯干骨(Bones of Trunk)* Vertebral(spinel)column 脊柱* vertebral canal 椎管intervertebral foramen 椎间孔cervical (thoracic, lumbar, sacral) curvature 颈(胸，腰，骶)曲vertebra ( pl. vertebrae) 椎骨vertebral body (arch) 椎体(弓)pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板vertebral foramen 椎孔spinous process 棘突transverse process 横突superior (inferior) articular process 上(下) 关节突cervical vertebrae 颈椎atlas 寰椎axis 枢椎prominent vertebrae 隆椎thoracic vertebrae胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum,sacral bone 骶骨coccyx 尾骨thoracic cavity 胸腔superior (inferior) aperture of thorax 胸廓上下口costal arch 肋弓intercostals space 肋间隙infrasternal angle 胸骨下角* ribs ,costa(costae) 肋* sternum 胸骨Sternal manubrium 胸骨柄Sternal angle (body) 胸骨角(体)Xiphoid process 剑突颅骨(skull)cerebral cranium 脑颅cranial cavity颅腔calvaria 颅盖pterion 翼点jugular foramen颈静脉孔internal surface of base of skull 颅底内面anterior (middle,posterior) cranial fossa 颅前中，后)窝facial cranium 面颅orbit 眶bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔piriform aperture,anterior nasal aperture 梨状孔，鼻前孔posterior nasal aperture鼻后孔bony septum of nose 骨鼻中隔superior (middle, inferior) meatus of nose 上(中,下)鼻道temporal fossa 颞窝zugomatic arch 颧弓infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝cranial fontaelles 颅囟anterior (posterior) fontanelle 前(后)囟anterolateral (posterolateral) fontanelle 前(后)外侧囟cranial bones 脑颅骨occipital bone 枕骨large foramen of occipital bone 枕骨大孔external occipital protuberance枕外隆凸superior (inferior) nuchal line 上(下)项线sulcus for transverse sinus, transversesulcus 横窦沟sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝optic canal 视神经管round (oval,spinous)foramen 圆(卵圆，棘) 孔temporal bone 颞骨petrous part 岩部mastoid process 乳突carotid canal 颈动脉管tympanic tegmen 鼓室盖arcuate eminence 弓状隆起trigeminal impression 三叉神经压迹internal acoustic pore (port) 内耳门internal acoustic meatus (canal) 内耳道jugular fossa 颈静脉窝styloid process 茎突stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔facial canal 面神经管external acoustic pore (canal ) 外耳门(道) parietal,parietal bone 顶骨parietal tuber (foramen) 顶结节(孔)frontal bone 额骨frontal squama (tuber) 额鳞(结节) superciliary arch 眉弓supraorbital notch (foramen) 眶上切迹fossa for lacrimal gland 泪腺窝ethmoid bone 筛骨cribriform plate (foramen) 筛板(孔)facial bones 面颅骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲lacrimal bone 泪骨nasal bone鼻骨vomer梨骨* maxilla上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨zygomatic bone 颧骨* mandible 下颌骨ramous(angle) of mandible 下颌支(角) masseteric tuberosity 咬肌粗隆coronoid process 冠突condylar process 髁突hyoid bone 舌骨（3）附肢骨骼(Appendicular skeleton) shoulder girdle 上肢带骨，肩带骨scapula 肩胛骨acromion 肩峰superior(medial,lateral)border 上(下，外侧) 缘coracoid process 喙突superior (inferior, lateral) angle上(下，外侧) 角glenoid cavity 关节盂* clavicle 锁骨bones of free upper limb 自由上肢骨* Humerus 肱骨head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical(surgical)neck 解剖(外科)颈greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节crest of greater(lesser)tubercle 大(小)结节嵴sulcus (groove)for radial n. 桡神经沟deltoid tuberosity 三角肌粗隆trochlea of humerus 肱骨滑车olecranon (coronoid, radial) fossa 鹰嘴(冠突，桡) 窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内(外)上髁sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟* radius 桡骨head (neck) of radius 桡骨头(颈)articular circumference 环状关节面radial tuberosity 桡骨粗隆interosseous border 骨间缘styloid process 茎突ulnal notch 尺切迹carpal articular surface 腕关节面* uana 尺骨olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突ulnal tuberosity 尺骨粗隆trochleal(radial)notch 滑车(桡)切迹head of ulna 尺骨头bones of hand 手骨carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bone 手舟骨lunate bone 月骨triangular bone 三角骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨trapezium bone 大多角骨trapezoid bone 小多角骨capitate bone 头状骨hamate bone 钩骨hamulus (hook) of hamate bone钩骨钩Metacarpal bones 掌骨phalanges(bones) of fingers 指骨proximal (middle, distal) phalanx 近(中，远) 指(或趾)骨下肢骨(Bones of lower limb)pelvic girdle 下肢带骨，盆带骨* hip bone 髋骨acetabulum 髋臼acetabular fossa (notch) 髋臼窝(切迹)obturator foramen 闭孔* Ilium 髂骨body (ala) of ilium 髂骨体(翼)arcuate line 弓状线iliac crest 髂嵴Tubercle 髂结节Anterior superior (inferior) iliac spine 髂前上(下) 棘Posterior superior (inferior) iliac spine髂后上(下)棘Iliac fossa 髂窝Auricular surface 耳状面Iliac tuberosity 髂粗隆* Ischium 坐骨Greater (lesser) sciatic notch 坐骨大(小)切迹* Pubis 耻骨Symphsial surface 耻骨联合面superior (inferior) ramus of pubis 耻骨上下支ililopubic eminence 髂耻隆起pecten of pubis 耻骨梳bones of free lower limb 自由下肢骨* femur 股骨fovea of femoral head 股骨头凹head (neck) of femur 股骨头(颈)greater (lesser) trochanter 大小转子intertrochanteric line 转子间线intertrochanteric crest 转子间嵴linea aspera,rough line of femur 粗线pectineal line 耻骨肌线gluteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆popliteal surface腘面medial (lateral) condyle 内(外)侧髁adductor tubercle 收肌结节intercondylar fossa 髁间窝medial (lateral) epicondyle 内外上髁patella 髌骨* tibia 胫骨intercondylar eminence 髁间隆起shaft (tuberosity) of tibia 胫骨体粗隆soleal line 比目鱼肌线medial (lateral) malleolus 内外髁Fibula,perone 腓骨bones of foot 足骨tarsal bones 跗骨talus 距骨calcaneus 跟骨navicular bone 足舟骨medial cuneiform bone内侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone 中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 内侧楔骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges (bones) of toes 趾骨2．关节学(arthrology)（1）概述synosteology 关节学，关节解剖学articulation 连结，关节joint 关节，连结synovial joints 滑膜关节fibrous 纤维连结syndesmosis 韧带连结suture 缝cartilaginous joints 软骨连结synchondrosis (pl. synchondroses) (透明软骨) 结合symphysis (pl.symphyses)(纤维软骨)联合synostosis (pl. synostoses synosteosis) 骨性结合articular surface (cavity) 关节面(腔)articular disk 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇articular capsule 关节囊fibrous layer (membrane) 纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜synovial fold (villi) 滑膜襞synovial fluid 滑液ligament (lig.) 韧带extracapsular lig. 囊外韧带intracapsular lig. 囊内韧带Action 动作，作用flexion,flexor (m.),flex (v.) 屈extension,extensor (m.), extense (v.) 伸adduction,addutor (m.), adduct (v.) 收abduction,abdutor (m.), abduct (v.) 展Medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)pronation,pronator (m.), pronate (v.) 旋前supination, supinator(m.), supinate(v.) 旋后circumduction 环转运动（2）中轴骨骼的连结(Joints of the Axial Skeleton) vertebral joints 椎骨连结yellow lig. 黄韧带ionterspinous lig. 棘间韧带intertransverse lig. 横突间韧带supraspinous lig. 棘上韧带Intervertebral symphysis 椎间联合interverbral discs 椎间盘Fibrous rings 纤维环Pulpiform nucleus 髓核Anterior longitudinal 前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal 前后韧带Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结Costovertebral joints 肋椎关节Joint of costal head 肋头关节Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节Sternocostal joints 胸肋关节Cranial suture 颅缝Coronal (sagittal) suture 冠矢状缝Lambdoid suture 人字缝Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合Temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节（3）附肢骨骼的连结(Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton) joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结coracoacromial lig. 喙间韧带Coracoclavicular lig. 喙锁韧带Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Joints of free upper limb 自由上肢连结Shoulder joint 肩关节Elbow joint 肘关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节Joints of hand 手关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand 指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭孔膜Sacroiliac joints 骶髂关节Sacrotuberous lig. 骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen 坐骨大(小)孔Pelvis 骨盆Terminal line 界线Greater (lesser) pelvis 大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture 骨盆上下口Pubic arch 耻骨弓Subpubic angle 耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint 髋关节Transverse acetabular lig. 髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Knee joint 膝关节Medial (lateral) meniscus 内外侧半月板Transverse lig.of knee 膝横韧带Anterior cruciate lig. 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate lig. 后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral lig. 腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella 髌韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Joints of foot 足关节talocrural joint, ankle joint 距小腿关节，踝关节intertarsal joints 跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint 距下关节，距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节intermetatarsal joints 跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint 跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot 跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch 足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch 内(外) 侧纵弓transverse arch 横弓3. 肌学(myology)（1）概述muscle (m.) 肌肉cardiac muscle 心肌smooth muscle 平滑肌skeletal muscle 骨骼肌long (short, broad, flat) muscle 长(短，阔，扁) 肌orbicular muscle 轮匝肌sphincter 括约肌dilator, dilatator 开大肌venter (belly) 肌腹tendon 腱aponeurosis 腱膜origin 起点，固定点insertion 止点，动点accessory (subservient) structure 辅助结构tendinous sheath 腱鞘synovial sheath of tendon 滑膜腱鞘fascia 筋膜superficial (deep) fascia 浅(深)筋膜synovial bursa 滑膜囊subcutaneous tissue (fat) 皮下组织(脂肪)（2）躯干肌(Muscles of Trunk)muscles of back 背肌trapezius m. 斜方肌broadest m. of back 背阔肌erector spinal m. 竖脊肌muscles of neck 颈肌platysma m. 颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid m. 胸锁乳突肌anterior (middle, posterior) scalene m. 前中后斜角肌scalene fissure 斜角肌suprahyoid muscles 舌骨上肌群infrahyoid muscles 舌骨下肌群thoracic m. 胸肌greater (lesser) pectoral m. 胸大(小)肌anterior serratus m. 前锯肌thoracic proper m. 胸固有肌external intercostal m. 肋间外肌internal intercostal m. 肋间内肌external (internal) intercostals membrane 肋间外(内)膜transverse m. of thorax 胸横肌intimate intercostal m. 肋间最内肌* diaphragm 膈central tendon 中心腱aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔hiatus of vena cave 腔静裂孔abdominal m. 腹肌abdominal rectus m., straight m. of abdomen 腹直肌sheath of rectus m. 腹直肌鞘external (internal) oblique m. of abdomen 腹外(内) 斜肌inguinal lig. 腹股沟韧带superficial (deep) inguinal ring 腹股沟浅环transverse m. of abdomen 腹横肌inguinal canal 腹股沟管（2）头肌(Muscles of Head)Facial m. 面肌epicranial m. 颅顶肌occipitofrontal m. 枕额肌frontal(occipital)belly 额(枕)腹epicranial aponeurosis,galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜orbicuaal m. of eye 眼轮匝肌orbicular m. of mouth 口轮匝肌buccinator,buccinator m.颊肌masticatory m.咀嚼肌masseter m.咬肌（3）上肢肌(Muscles of Upper Limb)muscles of shoulder girdle上肢带肌,肩带肌deltoid m.三角肌muscles of arm 臂肌brachial biceps (triceps) m. 肱二(三)头肌anconeus m. 肘肌round pronator m.旋前圆肌radial (ulnar)flexor m. of wrist 桡(尺)侧腕屈肌long palmar m.掌长肌superficial (deep)fleaor m. of fingers 指浅(深)屈肌long flexor m, of thumb 拇长屈肌quadrate pronator m. brachioradialis 旋前方肌brachioradial m., brachioradialis 肱桡肌long (short)radial extensor carpal m. 桡侧腕长(短)伸肌extensor m. of fingers指伸肌extensor m. of lesser finger 小指伸肌ulnar extensor m. of wrist尺侧腕伸肌supinator m. 旋后肌long abductor (extensor) m. of thumb拇长展(伸)肌short extensor m. of thumb 拇短伸肌extensor m. of index finger 示指伸肌muscles of hand 手肌short abductor (flexor ) m. of thumb 拇短展(屈)肌opposing m. of thumb拇对掌肌abductor (opposing) m. of little finger小指展(对掌)肌lumbrrical m. 蚓状肌palmar (dorsal)interosseous m.骨间掌(背) 侧肌（4）下肢肌(muscles of lower limb)muscles of hip髋肌iliopsoas m.髂腰肌iliac m.髂肌greater psoas m.腰大肌greatest (middle, least) gluteal m.臀大(中，小)肌tensor m. of broad fascia阔筋膜张肌pririform m.梨状肌internal obturator m.闭孔内肌external obturator m.闭孔外肌quadrate m. of thigh股方肌muscles of thigh 大腿肌sartorius m. 缝匠肌quadriceps m. lf thigh股四头肌pectineal m. 耻骨肌slender m. gracile m股薄肌.long(short)adductor m.长短收肌great adductor m.大收肌biceps m. of thigh股二头肌semiterninous m. 半腱肌semimembranous m.半膜肌muscles of leg 小腿肌anterior (posterior)tibial m.胫骨前后肌long extensor m. of digits趾长伸肌long estensor m. lf great toe拇长伸肌long (short)peroneal 腓骨长短肌triceps m. of calf 小腿三头肌gastrocnemius m.腓肠肌soleus m.比目鱼肌tendon of heel跟腱long flexor m. of toe趾长伸肌long flexor m. of great toe 拇长屈肌muscles of foot 足肌broad fascia 阔筋膜iliotibial tract 髂筋束adductor tendinous opening, adductor hiatus 收肌腱裂孔adductor canal 收肌管muscular lacuna 肌腔隙iliopectineal arch 髂耻弓vascular lacuna 血管腔隙femoral triangle(sheath) 股三角(鞘)femoral canal(ring) 股管(环)saphenous hiatus, oral fossa 隐静脉裂孔，卵圆窝malleolar canal 踝管二、内脏学(Splanchnology)* （一）消化系统(Digestive System)digestive system ，alimentary system 消化系统internal organ ，splanchna ，viscera 内脏splanchnology 内脏学digestive apparatus 消化器digestive canal 消化管1. 上消化道Superior Digestive TractMouth 口Oral cavity ，mouth cavity 口腔Hard (soft) palate 硬(软)腭Gum 牙龈Sublingual caruncle 舌下阜Sublingual fold 舌下襞Papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头Oral glands 口腔腺Major salivary glands 大唾液腺Sublingual gland舌下腺Major(minor)sublingual duct 舌下腺大(小)管Submandibular gland下颌下腺Submandibular duct下颌下腺管* Parotid gland 腮腺Parotid duct 腮腺管Tooth牙Incisor teeth incisor切牙Lateral (second) incisor侧切牙Canine teeth 尖牙Premolor teeth 前磨牙molor teeth磨牙* tongue, lingua 舌apex (dorsoum，root，body) of tongue 舌尖(背，根，体) lingual mucous membrane 舌黏膜frenulum of tongue 舌系带papillae of tongue,lingual papillae舌乳头filiformpapillae 丝状乳头fungiform papillae 菌状乳头vallate papillae 轮廓乳头foliate papillae叶状乳头terminal sulcus 界沟foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔muscles of tongue 舌肌genioglossus m 颏舌肌* pharynx咽isthmus of fauces, fauces咽峡palatine velum腭帆palatine uvula,uvula腭垂，悬雍垂palatoglossal arch腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓palatine tonsil腭扁桃体tonsillar fossa扁桃体窝cavity (fornix) of pharynx 咽腔nasopharynx鼻咽eustachian cushion, tubal torus咽鼓管圆枕tonsillar ring扁桃体环pharyngeal recess咽隐窝oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽piriform recess梨状隐窝* esophagus 食管，食道cervical (thoracic, abdominal) part ofesophagus 食管颈(胸，腹)部* stomach胃greater curvature of stomach胃大弯lesser curvature of stomach胃小弯angular (gastric) notch角切迹cardia, cardiac orifice贲门cardiac part 贲门部fundus (body) of stomach 胃底cardiac notch (incisure) 贲门切迹pylorus,pyloric orifice幽门pyloric part (canal, antrum) 幽门部(管，窦)* small intestine小肠solitary lymphatic follicles孤立淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphatic follicles集合淋巴滤泡* duodenum十二指肠ampulla,duodenal bulb十二指肠球major(minor)duodenal papilla十二指肠大(小)乳头duodinojejunal flexure十二指肠空肠曲suspensory m.of duodenum十二指肠悬肌2. 下消化道(Inferior Digestive Tract)* jejunum 空肠* ileum回肠* large intestine大肠c(a)ecum盲肠ileocecal valve(orifice)回盲(瓣)口* vermix,vermiform appendix阑尾* colon结肠ascending (transverse, descending) colon升(横，降)结肠right colic flexure,hepatic flexure 结肠右曲，肝曲left colic flexure,splenic flexure 结肠左曲，脾曲sigmoid colon乙状结肠haustra of colon结肠袋colic lig结肠带epiploic appendices肠脂垂* rectum直肠sacral(perineal)flexure骶(会阴)曲anal canal(column,sinus,valves肛管(柱，窦，瓣) anorectal line肛直肠线dentate line,anocutaneous line齿状线，肛皮线anal pecten,hemorrhoidal ring肛梳anus肛门internal sphincter m. of anus肛门内括约肌3. 消化腺(Digestive Glands)* liver肝diaphragmatic surface膈面visceral surface脏面sulcus for vena cava腔静脉沟fossa for gallbladder胆囊窝round lig.of liver肝圆韧带venous lig. (duct) 静脉韧带door of liver肝门hepatic pedicle肝蒂left (right) lobe左(右)叶quadrate (caudate) lobe方(尾状)叶bile duct胆管extrahepatic duct肝外胆道common hepatic duct肝总管left (right) hepatic duct肝左右管* gallbladder胆囊fundus (body,neck) of gallbladder胆囊底(体，颈) cystic duct胆囊管common bile duct胆总管hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹sphincter m.of hepatopancreatic ampulla肝胰壶腹括约肌* pancreas胰uncinate process钩突head(body,tail)of pancreas胰头(体，尾)pancreatic duct胰管accessary pancreatic duct副胰管（二）* 呼吸系统(Respiratory System)respiratory apparatus(organ) 呼吸器superior (inferior) respiratory tract 上(下) 呼吸道nose 鼻external nose 外鼻root (back,apex,wing )of nose鼻根(背，尖，翼) nasolabial groove鼻唇沟nasal cartilage鼻软骨naris (pl.nares )鼻孔posterior nasal apertures, choanae鼻后孔nasal septum鼻中隔nasal vestibule鼻前庭proper nasal cavity固有鼻腔sphenoethmoidal recess蝶筛隐窝superior (middle, inferior )meatus of nose上(中，下)鼻道* paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦maxillary sinus上颌窦sphenoidal (frontal, ethmoidal)sinus蝶(额，筛)窦* larynx喉laryngeal cartilages喉软骨thyroid cartilage甲状软骨cricoid cartilage环状软骨arytenoid cartilage勺状软骨epiglottic cartilage会厌软骨laryngeal m.喉肌cricothyroid m.环甲肌laryngeal cavity喉腔laryngeal aperture喉口epiglottis会厌vestibule of larynx喉前庭vestibular fold (slit ) 前庭襞(裂)intermediate cavity of larynx喉中间腔ventricle of larynx喉室glottis声门slit of glottis声门裂vocal fold 声带，声襞infraglottic cavity声门下腔elastic cone弹性圆锥cricothyroid membrane环甲膜vocal lig.声韧带* trachea气管cervial (thoracic )part颈(胸)部tracheal cartilages气管软骨bifurcation of trachea气管杈carina of trachea气管隆嵴bronchus (pl.bronchi )支气管left (right ) principal bronchus左(右)主支气管lobar bronchi肺叶支气管segmental bronchi肺段支气管* lung 肺apex (base) of lung肺尖(底)costal (medial, diaphragmatic) surface肋(内侧，膈)面cardiac notch of left lung 左肺心切迹lingula of left lung左肺小舌hilus (root)of lung 肺根(门)oblique fissure斜裂horizontal dissure of right lung 右肺水平裂bronchopulmonary sehments支气管肺段superior (middle, inferior)lobe上(中,下)叶thoracic (pleural)cavity胸(胸膜)腔pleura胸膜cupula of pleura,cervical pleura胸膜顶visceral (parietal)pleura脏(壁)胸膜mediastinal (costal,diaphragmatic)pleura 纵隔(肋，膈)胸膜pleural recesses胸膜隐窝costomediastinal recess肋纵隔隐窝Mediastinum纵隔Superior (inferior)mediastinum上(下)纵隔Anterior (middle,posterior)mediastinum前(中，后)纵隔（三）* 泌尿系统(Urinary System)urogenital system泌尿生殖系统urinary organs泌尿器* kidney肾renal hilus (sinus，pedicle)肾门(窦，蒂)renal fascia肾筋膜fatly (adipose) capsule脂肪囊fibrous capsule纤维囊renal cortex (medulla)肾皮(髓)质renal pyramid肾锥体renal papilla 肾乳头papillary foramen乳头孔renal columns (pelvis)肾柱(盂)renal calices肾盏major (minor) renal calices肾大(小)盏* ureter输尿管* bladder，urinary bladder膀胱apex(body，fundus，neck)of bladder膀胱尖(体，底，颈) trigone of bladder，vesical trigone膀胱三角interureteric ridge输尿管间襞orifice of ureter输尿管口internal urethral orifice尿道内口female urethra女尿道（四）* 生殖系统(Reproductive System) reproductive system，genital system生殖系统male(female)genital organs男女性生殖器internal(external)genital organs内(外)生殖器1. 男性生殖器(Male Genital Organs)testicle，testis睾丸* epididymis附睾deferential (spermatic)duct输精管ejaculatory duct射精管seminal vesicle精囊精囊腺spermatic cord精索cremasteric m. 提睾肌prostate前列腺apex (base，body, sulcus) of prostate前列腺尖(底，体，沟) bulbourethral gland尿道球腺penis 阴茎prepuce of penis阴茎包皮bulb of urethra尿道球male urethra男尿道prostatic part前列腺部seminal colliculus精阜membranous part膜部subpubic curvature耻骨下弯prepubic curvature耻骨前弯scrotum阴囊dartos coat，dartos肉膜2. 女性生殖器(female Genital Organs)* ovary卵巢* uterine tube，oviduct输卵管* Womb, uterus 子宫Fundus of uterus 子宫底(体)Isthmrs of uterus 子宫峡(角)Neck of uterus, cervix子宫颈Orifice (cavity) of uterus 子宫口(腔)Canal of cervix of uterus 子宫颈管Round (broad ) lig. Of uterus 子宫圆(阔)韧带Cardinal lig. Of uterus 子宫主韧带Sacroluterine lig. 骶子宫韧带Vagina 阴道Female pudendum, vulva 女阴Mons pubis 阴阜Greater (lesser ) lip of pudendum 大(小)阴唇Vaginal vestibule 阴道前庭Vaginal orifice阴道口3. 乳房，会阴(Mamma and perineum)Mamma(pl.mammae). breast乳头Mammary gland 乳腺Perineum 会阴Pelvic diaphragm盆膈Urogenital diaphragm 尿生殖膈Sphincter m. of urethra尿道括约肌（五）腹膜(Peritoneum)Parietal(visceral) peritoneum壁(脏)腹膜Abdominal cavity腹腔Peritoneal cavity,greater sac 腹膜腔，大囊Omenta bursa, lesser sac 网膜囊，小囊Omental foramen, epiploic foramen网膜孔Mesentery肠系膜Lesser omentum小网膜Inguinal trigone 腹股沟三角rectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宫陷凹rectovesical pouch 直肠膀胱陷凹四、* 脉管系统(Vascular system)（一）概述vascular system, angiological system 脉管系统angiology 脉管学circulatory system循环系统cardiovascular system心血管系统* heart 心blood血液vessel 管，脉管blood vessel 血管arteriole 小动脉arteriolovenular anastomsis 小静脉vein (v.) 静脉cutaneous v. 皮静脉superficial(deep) v. 浅(深)静脉accompanying v. 伴行动脉venule 小静脉venous valve 静脉瓣venous plexus(rete)静脉丛(网)capillary 毛细管（二）心血管系统(Cardiovascular system) systemic circulation,greater circulation 体循环，大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation肺循环，小循环fetal circulation 胎血循环1. 心(heart)cardiac apex(bace) 心尖(底)cardiac apical incisure 心尖切迹sternocostal(diaphragmatic) surface 胸肋(膈)面pulmonary surface 肺面right border 右缘left border, obtuse margin 左缘，钝缘inferior border, acute margin 下缘，锐缘anterior (posterior) interventricular groove 前(后)室间沟coronary sulcus 冠状沟atrioventricular junction 房室交点atrioventricular septum 房室膈* cardiac ventricle 心室interventricular septum 室间隔muscular (membranous ) part 肌(膜)部* cardiac atrium 心房left (right) auricle of heart 左(右)心耳interatrial (interauricular) septum 房间膈left(right)atrioventricular orifice左(右)房室口cardiac m. 心肌pectinate m.梳状肌carbeous trabeculae 肉柱papillary m. 乳头肌tendinous cord 腱索fibrous skeleton 纤维支架left fibrous trigone 左纤维三角架right fibrous trigone, central fibrous body 左纤维三角left (right) fibrous ring 左(右)纤维环endocardium 心内膜right atrium 右心房limiting sulcus, terminal groove 界沟terminal crest 界嵴sinus of vena cava 腔静脉窦oval fossa (foramen)卵圆孔border of ovalo fossa卵圆窝缘orifice of superior 上(下)腔静脉口valve of inferior vena cava 下腔静脉瓣orifice(valve)of coronary sinus冠状窦口right ventricle 右心室right atrioventricular valve, tricuspid valve 右房室瓣supraventricular crest室上嵴arterial cone动脉圆锥pulmonary orifice(valve) 肺动脉口(瓣)nodules of semilunar valves半月瓣小节septomarginal trabecula 隔缘肉柱left atrium 左心房orifice of pulmonary v. 肺静脉口left ventricle 左心室left atrioventricular valve, vicuspid valve 左房室瓣，二尖瓣aortic orifice (valve) 主动脉口(瓣)conduction system of heart 心传导系统sinoatrial node 窦房结hinternodal tract 结间束atrioventricular node 房室结atrioventricular bundle 房室束left (right) bundle branch 左(右)束支right coronary a. 右冠状动脉Left coronary a. 左冠状动脉anterior interventricular branch 前室间支circumflex branch , 旋支cardiac v. 心静脉coronary sinus 冠状窦great cardiac v. 心大静脉middle cardiac v. 心中静脉small cardiac v. 心小静脉* pericardium 心包fibrous pericardium 纤维心包serous pericardium 浆膜心包parietal layer 壁层visceral layer , epicardium 脏层，心外膜cavity of pericardium 心包腔2. 动脉(Artery)* pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干bifurcation of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉叉left (right) pulmonary 左(右)肺动脉arterial duct (lig.) 动脉导管(韧带)* aorta 主动脉ascending aorta 升主动脉* brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干* common carotid a. 颈总动脉carotid sinus (bodies) 颈动脉窦(小球) * internal carotid a. 颈内动脉* external carotid a. 颈外动脉superior thyroid 甲状腺上动脉lingual (facial) a. 舌(面)动脉occipital a. 枕动脉posterior auricular a. 耳后动脉superficial temporal a. 颞浅动脉maxillary a. 上颌动脉middle meningeal a. 脑膜中动脉subclavicular a. 锁骨下动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉axillary a. 腋动脉thoracoacromial a. 胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic a. 胸外侧动脉brachial a. 肱动脉。
医学英语——人体部位
人体部位辞汇头1头部结构大脑(brain)侧裂（lateral fissure）中央沟（central fissure额叶（frontal lobe），颞叶（temporal lobe）顶叶（parietal lobe）；枕叶（occipital lobe）小脑(Cerebellum) 9脑干（brainstem）2头骨额骨frontal bone上颌骨superior maxilla下颌骨submaxilary颧骨zygomatic bone顶骨os parietale颞骨os temporale.颧骨zygomaticum3肌肉额肌frontalis眼轮匝肌orbicularis palpebrarum颧肌musculus口轮匝肌oris sphincter上唇提肌levator labii superioris下唇提肌levator labii inferioris笑肌musculus risorius4神经三叉神经trigeminal眼神经ophthalmic nerve颧神经orbital nerve额神经nervous frontalis颊神经buccal nerve耳神经auricularis颅神经cranialnerve6相关疾病脑梗塞—infarction of the brain脑血栓Cerebral thrombosis脑膜炎brain fever;meningitis脑积水hydrocephalus癫痫epileptic脑动静脉畸形cerebral arteriovenous malformation颈部颈部的骨骼（bones of the neck）：颈椎Cervical vertebrae颈部的肌肉(muscles of the neck) ：胸锁乳突肌Sternocleidomastoid斜方肌Trapezius三角肌：Trapezius肩胛舌骨肌上腹Superiort belly of omohyoid胸骨舌骨肌Sternohyoid肩胛舌骨肌下腹Inferiort belly of omohyoid胸大肌Pectoralis major二腹肌后腹Posterior belly of digastric muscles甲状舌骨肌Thyrohyoid中斜小肌Scalenus medius胸小肌Pectoralis minor前斜小肌Scalenus anterior斜小肌间隙Scalenus fissure头长肌Longus capitis颈长肌Longus colli颈部的器官：（organs of the necks）会厌Epiglottis咽喉Laryngopharyns食管Esophagus甲状腺Thyroid gland气管Trache颈部的经脉（meridians and collaterals of the neck）任脉Conception vessel CV督脉Governor vessel GV胸胸部骨骼The chest muscles：胸椎thoracic vertebra,肋骨, ribs肋软骨Costal cartilages胸骨sternal part胸部肌肉Upper chest muscles；胸部上肢肌Chest inherent muscle(Between extrinsic rib`,胸部固有肌The wing muscle（The rib muscle, The chest muscle)（肋间外肌、肋间内肌、肋间最内肌和胸横肌）胸部的器官Chest organs:肺lung心脏heart,气管tracheal,支气管bronchial、食管esophageal 、胸腺The thymus,大血管干Large vessels，淋巴结Lymph node、淋巴干Lymphatic dry,胸导管Pectoral conduit，神经Nerve。
人体解剖学英语单词
人体解剖学英语单词运动系统(1)anatomy 解剖学locomotor system 运动系统skeleton 骨骼joint关节ligament韧带(2)Vertebra 椎骨sacrum 骶骨sternal angle 胸骨角rib 肋骨thorax 胸廓(3)Skull 头盖骨facial bones面颅cranial bones颅骨frontal bone额骨temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节(4)Scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨shoulder joint肩关节elbow joint肘关节radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节(5)Hip bone髋骨femur股骨tibia胫骨fibula腓骨knee joint 膝关节消化系统(1)alimentary system消化系统oral cavity口腔tongue舌pharynx 咽esophagus食管(2)Stomach胃small intestine小肠rectum直肠liver肝pancreas 胰腺呼吸系统respiratory system呼吸系统larynx喉bronchus支气管trachea气管lung肺泌尿系统urinary system泌尿系统kidney肾ureter 输尿管urinary bladder膀胱urethra尿道生殖系统Genital system生殖系统testis睾丸prostate前列腺ovary卵巢uterus子宫脉管系统cardiovascular system心血管系统atrium心房ventricle心室mitral valve二尖瓣coronary artery冠状动脉pulmonary a 肺动脉aorta主动脉common carotid a 颈总动脉celiac trunk 腹腔干common iliac a髂总动脉视器Cornea 角膜iris虹膜retina 视网膜lens 晶状体conjunctiva结膜前庭蜗器vestibulocochlear organ前庭蜗器auricle耳廓external acoustic meatus外耳道tympanic cavity鼓室labyrinth迷路神经系统nucleus神经核ganglion神经节olfactory nerve嗅神经optic nerve视神经oculomotor nerve动眼神经trochlear nerve 滑车神经trigeminal nerve三叉神经abducent nerve 展神经vagus nerve迷走神经hypoglossal nerve 舌下神经phrenic n 膈神经brachial plexus臂丛sciatic n 坐骨神经sympathetic trunk交感干parasympathetic n 副交感神经脊髓spinal cord 脊髓conus medullaris脊髓圆锥cervical enlargement颈膨大lumbosacral enlargement腰骶膨大cauda equina马尾脑干brain stem 脑干medulla oblongata 延髓pons 脑桥midbrain 中脑rhomboid fossa菱形窝间脑、小脑、端脑、脑脊膜、脑血管、脑脊液Cerebellum 小脑diencephalon间脑thalamus丘脑telencephalon端脑cerebral spinal fluid脑脊液注：Skull 不肯定。
人体八大系统介绍（附图）
人体八大系统介绍（附图）人体八大系统人体共有八大系统:运动系统、神经系统、内分泌系统、循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统。
这些系统协调配合，使人体内各种复杂的生命活动能够正常进行。
基本介绍人体(动物)的结构：细胞（由分化形成组织）——组织——器官——系统——生物体：由简单到复杂由各个器官按照一定的顺序排列在一起，完成一项或多项生理活动的结构叫系统。
人体的基本单位—细胞消化系统人体内与消化摄食有关的器官包括：口腔、咽、食道、胃、小肠、大肠、肛门、以及唾液腺、胃腺、肠腺、胰腺、肝脏等，因此称它们为消化器官。
这些消化器官协同工作，共同完成对食物的消化和对营养物质的吸收。
所有的消化器官的总和称为消化系统。
消化系统具有摄取、转运、消化等功能摄取、转运、消化消化系统由消化道和消化腺两部分组成。
负责食物的摄取和消化，使我们获得糖类、脂肪、蛋白质和维生素等营养。
其中，“糖，脂肪，蛋白质”被称为“三大产热营养素”。
糖类最终被消化为葡萄糖；脂肪最终被消化为甘油+脂肪酸；蛋白质最终被消化为氨基酸。
葡萄糖是人体的供能物质，脂肪是储能物质，蛋白质则是修复细胞的物质。
神经系统神经系统（nervous system）是人体内起主导作用的系统。
内、外环境的各种信息，由感受器接受后，通过周围神经传递到脑和脊髓的各级中枢进行整合，再经周围神经控制和调节机体各系统器官的活动，以维持机体与内、外界环境的相对平衡。
神经系统是由脑、脊髓、脑神经、脊神经、和植物性神经，以及各种神经节组成。
能协调体内各器官、各系统的活动，使之成为完整的一体，并与外界环境发生相互作用。
神经的基本单位是神经元。
反射弧的组成：感受器，传入神经冲动，神经中枢，传出神经冲动，效应器。
呼吸系统呼吸系统包括呼吸道（鼻腔、咽、喉、气管、支气管）和肺。
动物体在新陈代谢过程中要不断消耗氧气，产生二氧化碳。
机体与外界环境进行气体交换的过程称为呼吸。
气体交换地有两处，一处是由外界与呼吸器官（如肺、腮）的气体交换，称肺呼吸或腮呼吸（或外呼吸）；另一处由血液和组织液与机体组织、细胞之间进行气体交换（称内呼吸）。
人体器官的组成及系统的划分
CHENHUA
HUMAN ANATOMY
27
主要功能
将①消化管吸收的营养物质 ②肺吸入的O2
③内分泌腺分泌的激素
运送到全身个器官、组织和细胞，并将它们代谢产生的
CO2和其他废物运往肺、肾和皮肤排出体外，以保证
机体新陈代谢的正常进行。
CHENHUA
HUMAN ANATOMY
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心脏解剖图
1.心血管系统的组成
CHENHUA HUMAN ANATOMY 38
感觉
浅感觉 来自皮肤、粘膜的痛觉、温 度觉、触觉等 一般感觉
躯 体 感 觉
特殊感觉
深感觉 来自肌、腱、关节等处的位 置、运动觉、震动觉 （本体觉）
视觉
听觉
平衡觉
CHENHUA HUMAN ANATOMY 39
九神经系统的基本功能
感受器：接受内外环境的各种刺激 传入神经：将神经冲动传导到神经中枢 神经中枢：整合刺激，产生感觉，发出指令
运动神经
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三 神经系统的组成
具有感受刺激和传导冲动的功能，是神经组 织的结构和功能基本单位，又称神经元
神经细胞 神经组织 神经胶质细胞 辅助成分，起支持、修复、营养等作用 神经系统
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HUMAN ANATOMY
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⑴1/3有机质（骨胶原纤维）~韧性、弹性 ⑵2/3无机质~硬度、脆性
小儿骨无机质少，有机质多，弹性大而硬度小，易发生 变形（青枝骨折/greenstick fracture） 老年人骨无机质多，有机质少，易发生骨折 骨~钙、磷储备仓库
CHENHUA HUMAN ANATOMY 11
1、 屈肘的时候，肌肉的运动是 ( ) A、肱二头肌收缩 B、肱三头肌舒张 C、肱三头肌等肌群收缩，同时肱二头肌等肌群舒张 D、肱二头肌等肌群收缩，同时肱三头肌等肌群舒张 2、下列选项中不属于骨与骨相连接的媒介有 ( A、纤维结缔组织 B、软骨 C、骨骼肌 D、骨组织
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The (central) nervous system (中枢)神经系统
The immunestem 泌尿系统
The excretory system 排泄系统
The reproductive / genital system 生殖系统
接下来小编为大家整理了人体主要系统名称中英对照希望对你有帮助哦
人体主要系统名称中英对照
诊断，是指根据症状来识别病人所患何病，包括两个方面：一是诊，二是断。接下来小编为大家整理了人体主要系统名称中英对照，希望对你有帮助哦!
人体主要系统名称中英对照一：
The endocrine system 内分泌系统
The muscular system / musculature 肌肉系统
The bone & joint system 骨、关节系统
The cardiovascular system 心血管系统
The circulatory system 循环系统
The respiratory system 呼吸系统