泌尿系统英文单词
系统解剖学课件：泌尿系统
红褐色、富含血管、细小颗粒(肾小体) 肾柱 renal columns
• 肾髓质 renal medulla
色淡、小的管道
肾锥体 renal pyramids: 15-20
肾乳头 renal papilla 乳头孔 papillary foramina
• 肾小盏 minor renal calices: 7-8 • 肾大盏 major real calices: 2-3
about 5cm from the posterior median line.
• Renal region－the area between
12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae.
肾的被膜 The coverings
• 纤维囊 fibrous capsule
• 后面 posterior：
Three muscles 膈 diaphragm (pleural cavity ) 腰大肌 psoas major 腰方肌 quadratus lumborum Three nerves 肋下神经 subcostal nerve 髂腹下神经 iliohypogastric nerve 髂腹股沟神经 ilioinguinal nerve
肾门 renal hilum
a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney.
• 肾蒂 renal pedicle the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum is called. including the renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis, lymphatic vessels and nerves.
泌尿系统超声英文及缩写
肾柱（Renal columns）Rco 肾上 AG
2、输尿管（ureter）Ur
输尿管第一狭窄处：
肾输尿管移行处（At the pelvoureteric junction）
输尿管第二狭窄处：
跨髂血管处（Where it crosses the pelvic inlet and iliac vessels）
输尿管第三狭窄处：
输尿管膀胱入口处（Where it pierces the bladder wall obliquely）
3、膀胱（urinary bladder） BL
前列腺（Prostate gland） Pro
超声新视野整理呈献！
泌尿系统超声英文及缩写
1、肾脏 Kidney
肾（kidney）K 肾皮质（Renal cortex） 肾锥体（Renal pyramids）Py 肾盏 RC 肾小盏（Minor renal calices） 肾乳头（Renal papilla） 肾大盏（Major renal calices） 肾盂（Renal pelvis）RP 肾髓质（Renal medulla） 肾窦（Renal sinus） 肾门（Renal hilum） 肾动脉（Renal artery）RA 肾静脉（Renal vein）RV
Unit 7 泌尿系统 医学英语
致命的病毒the deadly virus 致命的病菌virulent bacteria 致命的感冒菌murderous flu 要解决问题，就要从它的根源处着手。 We have to solve the problem from the root. 降低心脏病发机率达四成cut the risk of heart attack up to 40% • 面容苍白而憔悴looking exhausted and pale • 面部麻痹facial nerve palsy • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • •
病毒学家virologist 病理学家pathologist 病菌/细菌germ； Germ is a general word for viruses and bacteria. 病征包括晕眩、呕吐和失去听觉can cause dizziness, nausea and hearing loss 破伤风tetanus 神秘疾病mystery illness 胰岛细胞增殖症nesidioblastosis 脊柱裂spina bifida 送院时血糖过低have low blood sugar levels when he was admitted to hospital 退伍军人症Legionnaires' disease 高血压hypertension 干咳dry cough
• • • • • • • • • • • •
菌血症bacteremia 诈病/装病feigning sick 超级病菌superbug 超过四分一的香港人患有高血压。 More than one in four people in Hong Kong has high blood pressure. 黄疸jaundice 伤风common cold 微生物microorganisms 微生物学家microbiologist 感到**、作呕feel nauseous 感染该病毒have contracted the virus 爱滋病毒可以在体内潜伏十年而没有任何病征。
泌尿系统常用词汇英语翻译
urology 泌尿科学urology department 泌尿科urinology 泌尿科学nephrourology 肾泌尿学[ ] urinary system 泌尿系统urogenital system泌尿生殖系统 urinary organs泌尿器urine 尿,小便n排尿 ：urinary 尿的，含尿的，泌尿的urinate 泌尿 viurination排尿，撒尿排尿 urination ; micturition ;pass(void) urine ; urinate ; micturaterenal ： 肾脏的edema（复edemata)浮肿，水肿 ：renal edema 肾性水肿Nephralgia 肾痛nNephritic 肾炎的，肾的；治肾病药Nephritogenic 致肾炎的肾病变的，肾病的nephritic利尿的，利尿药uragogue，uretic，urinativehematuria 血尿 bloody urine proteinuria 蛋白尿Proteinuria蛋白尿Albuminuria白蛋白尿Microalbuminuriaprotein urine肾小球性蛋白尿glomerulus albuminuria肾小管性蛋白尿tubular proteinuria溢出性蛋白尿overflow proteinuria分泌性及组织性蛋白尿 secretary histuria proteinuria 暂时性或一过性蛋白尿transient proteinuria姿势性或自立性蛋白尿orthostatic proteinuria持续性良性蛋白尿constent or persistent benign孤立性蛋白尿isolated proteinuria无症状性血尿asymptomatic hematuria（旧）孤立性血尿isolated proteinuriahypertension 高血压oliguria 少尿Polyuria 多尿，多尿症hypoproteinemia 低蛋白血症 ： hypercholesterinemia 高胆固醇血症 ： ：uresiesthesis 排尿感觉 ： ：多尿症polyuria [excessive urine output]尿急 urinary urgency；urgency ：尿排出量urinary output尿停滞urinary stasis排尿里急后重urinary tenesmus尿排出量urinary volume尿外渗urinary extravasation排尿痛urodyniauropenia 尿过少 ：urophobia 排尿恐怖uroplania 异位排尿urinary fistula 尿瘘urochezia 肛门排尿uropoiesis 尿生成 ：urorrhagia 多尿尿意 urge (desire ) to urinate频尿urinary frequency ：夜间频尿frequent urination during the night夜尿; nycturia无尿症,无尿anuria排尿困难difficulty in urination ；dysuria闭尿，尿潴留urinary retentionurorrhea 遗尿尿失禁，遗尿urinary incontinence夜尿，夜尿症nocturia尿床bed-wetting ;遗尿,尿失禁enuresis ：混浊尿cloudy (turbid) urine ：nephrotoxin 溶肾素,肾毒素urogenital泌尿生殖的,尿(生)殖管肾 kidney输尿管ureter ：膀胱bladder ，urinary bladder，urocyst， ，尿道urethra ： ，前列腺 prostate，prostate gland阴茎 penis acute， penis ：包皮prepuce ： ：阴茎包皮prepuce of penis睾丸 testis， testicle， ，附睾epididymis阴囊scrotum会阴Perineum ：输精管deferens精管Vas deferens精索spermatic cord ：子宫 uterus ：卵巢ovary肾单位nephron肾小管uriniferous tubules， 输尿的 ， ： ： renal tubulus ： ：肾小体renal corpuscle ：肾皮质renal cortex ：肾髓质renal medulla肾柱renal columns肾盂renal pelvis肾乳头renal papilla，renal papillae ， ：皮质肾单位 Cortical nephron随旁肾单位 Juxtamedullary nephron鲍曼囊 Bowman′s capsule足细胞 podocyte系膜 mesangium肾小球旁器juxtaglomerular apparatus球旁细胞 juxtaglomerular cell致密斑 macula dense球外血管系膜细胞 extraglomerular mesangial cellGlomerular filtration rate肾小球滤过率促红细胞生成素 e rythropoietinBUN血尿素氮blood urea nitrogen致密斑 macular dense近球旁器 juxtaglomerular apparatus乳头孔papillary foramen ，papillary foramina ，肾区renal region ： ， ：肾段renal segment ： ，肾窦renal sinus ： ，肾门renal hilum（复 hilus ） ： ， ， 肾蒂 renal pedicle ： ，肾盏renal calices ：肾大(小)盏major (minor) renal calices肾筋膜renal fascia ： ，肾前筋膜pretrnal fascia肾后筋膜retrorenal fascia ： ，脂肪囊fatty renal capsule ：fatly (adipose) capsule纤维囊fibrous capsule肾动脉renal artery ： ， ：肾静脉renal vein ： ，肾段动脉segmental artery ， ：肾素rennin肾上腺suprarenal gland ： ： ，输尿管ureter ：Intramural输尿管口ureteric orifice ，orifice of ureter， ， ：输尿管腹部abdominal part of the urete ，r ： 输尿管盆部pelvic part of the ureter ， ：输尿管间襞interureteric ridge ，输尿管壁内部intramural part of the urete ， ： 膀胱体body of bladder膀胱底fundus of bladder ，膀胱颈neck of bladder膀胱前隙prevesical space ：膀胱三角trigone of bladder，vesical trigone膀胱垂vesical uvula ：膀胱襞vesical plica上狭窄superior stricture中狭窄middle stricture下狭窄inferor stricture尿道外口external urethral orifice： ：尿道内口internal urethral orifice： ：尿道球腺bulbourethral gland ：尿道球bulb of urethra ：尿道旁腺skein gland腹膜Peritoneum壁(脏)腹膜Parietal(visceral) peritoneum腹膜腔，大囊Peritoneal cavity, greater sac网膜囊，小囊Omenta bursa, lesser sac网膜孔Omental foramen, epiploic foramen腹股沟三角Inguinal trigone腹腔Abdominal cavity盆腔pelvic cavity肠系膜Mesentery静脉丛venous plexus先天性单肾缺如（unilateral renal agenesis双侧肾不发育(双侧肾缺如---Potter综合征bilateral renal agenesis肾发育不全renal hypoplasia节段性肾发育不全segmental renal hypoplasiaThe Ask-upmark kidney肾单位肾发育不全oligomeganephronic renal hypoplasia，oligomeganephronia肾囊性病变 renal cystic disease多房性肾囊性变 multicystic kidney多囊肾poly cystic kidney单纯性肾囊肿 simple renal cyst肾多房性囊肿 multilocular cyst of kidney海绵肾 sponge kidney肾盂周围囊肿 peripelvic cyst肾周囊肿 perinephric cyst异位肾 ectopic kidney融合肾 fused kidney先天性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻 congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction,UPJO输尿管口异位（ectopic opening of theureter输尿管囊肿 ureterocele巨输尿管症megaloureter原发性primary反流性 reflexing机械梗阻性 mechanically obstructed先天性输尿管膀胱交接部梗阻 uretero-vesical obstruction膀胱憩室bladder diverticulum膀胱不发育及发育不全 agenesis and hypoplasia重复膀胱 bladder duplication重复尿道 urethral duplication尿道缺如及先天性尿道闭锁 urethral agenesis and atresia后尿道瓣膜posterior uerthral valves前尿道瓣膜 anterior urethral valves尿道憩室urethral diverticulum前尿道狭窄 stricture of the anterior urethra尿道上裂 apispadias尿道直肠瘘 rectourethral fistula鞘膜积液 hydrocele轻微病变性肾小球肾炎minor change glomerulonephritis局灶性节段性病变 focal segmental lesion弥漫性肾小球肾炎 diffuse glomerulonephritis膜性肾病Membranous nephropathy增生性肾炎 proliferative glomerulonephritisMsPGN mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis系膜增生性肾小球肾炎Endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis膜增生性肾小球肾炎（mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis）系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎致密沉积物性肾小球肾炎 dense deposit glomerulonephritis新月体肾小球肾炎 crescentic glomerulonephritis未分类的肾小球肾炎 unclassified glomerulonephritis半月体性肾小球肾炎 crescentic glomerulonephritis）硬化性肾小球肾炎 sclerosing glomerulonephritis遗传性肾炎hereditary nephritisbenign familial hematuria (BFH良性家族性血尿肾小球轻微病变minor change of glomerulusMinimal change轻微病变微小病变肾病minimal change nephropathy，Minimal change disease MCN 局灶性节段性肾小球肾炎 focal segmental glomerulonephritis forcalsegmental glomerulosclerosis局灶节段性肾小球硬化refractory nephroticsyndrome难治性肾病综合征膜性肾病变membranous nephropathy，Membranous nephritisidiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN原发性膜性肾病Idiopathic membranous nephropathy特发性膜性肾病primary nephrotic syndrome原发性肾病综合征mmunosuppressant免疫抑制剂泌尿系统疾病 renal and urogenital disorder急性肾小球肾炎acute glomerulonephritis急进行肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis慢性肾小球肾炎chronic glomerulonephritis隐匿性肾小球肾炎latent glomerulonephritis乙肝病毒相关性肾炎 Hepatitis B Virus related glomerulonephritisIgA肾病 IgA-nephropathy急性肾炎综合症 acute nephritic syndrome急性链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎acute poststreptococcal glomerulonepacute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritisIgA肾病 IgA-nephropathy急性肾炎综合症 acute nephritic syndrome肾病综合征nephrotic syndromeINS 特发性肾病综合征idiopathic nephrotic syndromeacute interstitial nephritis 急性间质性肾炎AINacute interstitial nephritis慢性间质性肾炎CINrenal tubular acidosis 肾小管酸中毒RTADistal renal tubular acidosis 远端肾小管酸中毒Fanconi syndrome范可尼综合征特发性高钙尿症Idiopathic hypercalciuria胡桃夹现象 nutcracker phenomenonleft renal vein entrapment syndrome左肾静脉压迫综合征Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) 溶血性尿毒症（HUS）thin basement memberane nephropathy薄基低膜病肺出血-肾炎综合症 Goodpasturenail-patella syndrome(NPSnail-patella syndrome(NPS甲髌综合征指甲-髌骨综合征遗传性爪骨发育不全Hereditary onycho-osteodyplasiaMedullary cystic disease 肾髓质囊性病儿童性肾髓质囊性病（家族性少年肾单位肾病）Familiar juvenile nephronophthisis眼-脑-肾综合症 oculo-cerebro-renal syndrome包茎phimosisparaphimosis 嵌顿包茎Renal vein thrombosis肾静脉血栓形成RVT肾动脉狭窄 renal artery stenosis肾动脉栓塞renal artery embolism肾动脉血栓renal artery thrombosisrenal transplantation 肾移植泌尿生殖器官损伤 genitourinary traumaneurogenic bladder神经性膀胱神经性膀胱功能障碍neurogenicbladder dysfunctionneurogenic vesico-urethral dysfunction 神经性膀胱尿道功能障碍急性肾功能衰竭 acute renal failure慢性肾功能衰竭chronic renal failure急性肾小管坏死 acute tubular necrosisUTI 尿路感染urinary tract infection尿道膀胱炎urethrocystitis尿道感染 urinary infectionurethrocystitis 尿道膀胱炎膀胱炎 bladder cystitis睾丸炎 orchitis [testicular infection]尿道炎 urethral infectionurethritis 尿道炎urocystitis 膀胱炎ureteritis 输尿管炎急性肾脏炎 acute nephritisureteropyelitis 输尿管肾盂炎renal tuberculosis 肾结核ureterocele 输尿管疝renal failure 肾衰竭Uremia尿毒症Nephritis[nefraitis] (复)nephritides[nefritidi:z]肾炎Lupus肾充血 nephremiaNephredema 肾盂积水肾充血Nephratonia 肾增大，肾肿大Nephradenoma 肾腺瘤肾脓肿nephrapostasisNephrocolic 肾结肠的 n肾绞痛Nephrolith 肾石肾石病 nephrolithiasis肾石切除术nephrolithotomy肾病学nephrology肾病学家nephrologistNephroma 肾瘤Nephroncus肾瘤肾软化 nephromalacia肾肥大nephromegalyNephropathia 肾病Nephropathy肾病肾结核nephrophthisis肾消耗病肾盂肾炎nephropyelitis肾出血neohrorrhagia肾盂积水 nephrydrosisNephrydrotic尿酸盐urateUrea 尿素，脲Urea Nitrogen 尿素氮，脲Urethralgia 尿道疼 urethralgiaUrethratresia 尿道闭锁Urethremphraxis 尿道梗阻Urethrostenosis 尿道狭窄Urethrospasm尿道痉挛Urinoscopy 尿检查，尿检法肾盂积尿uronephrosis尿潴留 uroschesisAlport 综合征 Alport Syndrome多囊性肾病 polycystic renal diseases毒性肾病 toxic nephrosisuronephrosis 肾积水renovascular hypertension 肾血管性高血压renal transplantation 肾移植泌尿生殖器官损伤 genitourinary traumarenal pelvic calculus 肾盆结石Renal Stone 肾结石renal calculus 肾石ureteral calculus 输尿管结石膀胱结石 vesical calculus [bladder stones] 不痛结石 silent stone草酸钙石 calcium oxalate stonesurethral calculus 尿道结石urinary calculi 尿石病urinary calculus 尿石urolith 尿石urolithiasis 尿石病uropathy 尿路病urosis 尿路病urolithiasis 尿石病uroplania 异位排尿urethral carcinoma 尿道癌urethral fistula 尿道瘘urethremorrhagia 尿道出血urethrism 尿道痉挛urethrocele 尿道突出urethralgia 尿道痛uurethrovaginal fistula 尿管阴道瘘urethrooculosynovial syn 赖特尔综合症nephroptosis 肾下垂uronephrosis 肾积水urosepsis 尿脓毒病uroureter 输尿管积尿renal aplasia 肾发育不全urostealith 尿脂石renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌renal carcinoma 肾癌renal colic 肾绞痛renal cyst 肾囊肿renal glycosuria 肾性糖尿renal infantilism 肾性幼稚型renal retinopathy 肾性视网膜病renal rickets 肾性佝偻病uremia 尿毒症uremic pericarditis 尿毒症性心包炎ureteral calculus 输尿管结石ureteralgia 输尿管痛ureterectasia 输尿管扩张ureterocele 输尿管疝ureterolith 输尿管石ureteropathy 输尿管病ureteropyosis 输尿管化脓ureterostenosis 输尿管狭窄urodynia 排尿痛urobilin jaundice 尿胆素性黄疸urinoma 尿性囊肿urethrostenosis 尿道狭窄urethratresia 尿道闭锁cystoptosis 膀胱脱垂Hypospadia尿道下裂Hydrocele 阴囊积水Nocturia 夜尿症Cryptorchidism 隐睾症Ureteral stenosis 输尿管狭窄urinary sediment 尿沉淀urine bag 尿袋urine sugar 尿糖urine collection 尿采集cyclosporin A 环孢霉素A ： dialysis 透析。
泌外科术语解释与常用缩写
泌外科术语解释与常用缩写导言：泌尿外科是一门专注于泌尿系统疾病的临床学科，涵盖了从疾病预防、诊断、治疗等多个方面。
本文将解释一些常用的泌尿外科术语，并介绍一些常用的缩写，以帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些术语。
一、泌尿外科术语解释1. 泌尿系统（Urinary System）：泌尿系统由肾脏、输尿管、膀胱和尿道组成，负责排除体内废物及调节体液平衡。
2. 肾脏（Kidney）：位于腹腔内，是泌尿系统的主要器官，其功能包括排泄废物、调节体液平衡以及产生一系列激素。
3. 输尿管（Ureter）：两根输尿管连接肾脏和膀胱，将尿液从肾脏输送到膀胱。
4. 膀胱（Bladder）：位于盆腔内的储尿器官，负责暂时储存尿液。
5. 尿道（Urethra）：负责将尿液从膀胱排出体外的通道。
6. 前列腺（Prostate）：男性特有的器官，位于膀胱底部，包围尿道。
前列腺分泌液有助于维持精子活力。
7. 尿潴留（Urinary Retention）：指尿液在膀胱内滞留无法排出的病症，常见原因包括尿道梗阻、膀胱收缩力不足等。
8. 尿频（Urinary Frequency）：指尿液排出次数过于频繁，可能是泌尿系统感染、膀胱肌肉过度活跃等引起的症状。
9. 尿失禁（Urinary Incontinence）：指无法控制尿液的排出，可能会出现尿滴漏、尿急无法控制等症状。
10. 结石（Urinary Calculus）：由膀胱、输尿管或肾脏内的物质沉积形成的固体结构，常见的结石类型包括尿酸结石、草酸钙结石等。
11. 肾功能衰竭（Renal Failure）：由各种原因引起的肾脏功能受损，导致体内废物及水电解质紊乱。
12. 肾移植（Renal Transplantation）：将健康的肾脏移植到肾功能衰竭的患者体内，以替代其不健康的肾脏。
二、常用缩写：1. UTI：泌尿道感染（Urinary Tract Infection）2. BPH：前列腺增生症（Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia）3. PCNL：经皮肾镜碎石术（Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy）4. TURP：前列腺电切术（Transurethral Resection of the Prostate）5. TRUS：经直肠超声（Transrectal Ultrasound）6. ESWL：体外冲击波碎石术（Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy）7. IVP：静脉肾盂造影（Intravenous Pyelogram）8. PSA：前列腺特异性抗原（Prostate Specific Antigen）9. RCC：肾细胞癌（Renal Cell Carcinoma）10. PNL：经皮肾镜术（Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy）11. TURBT：膀胱肿瘤切除术（Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor）12. EUA：肛门直肠检查（Examination Under Anesthesia）结论：以上是一些常用的泌尿外科术语解释与常用缩写，对于了解和学习泌外科学知识具有重要意义。
泌尿系统医学英语词汇学习
泌尿系统常用词汇kidney 肾nephron 肾单位ureters 输尿管urinary bladder 膀胱urethra 尿道urine 尿urinary meatus 尿道口glomerulus 肾小球renal pelvis 肾盂hilum (pl. hila ) 门hilus (pl. hili ) 门calyx (pl. calyces, calyxes) 盏复合形英义汉义cyst/o bladder,sac 膀胱，囊vesic/o bladder,sac 膀胱，囊glomerul/o glomerulus 肾小球，血管小球meat/o meatus(opening) 道，口nephr/o kidney 肾ren/o kidney 肾pyel/o renal pelvis 肾盂ureter/o ureter 输尿管urethr/o urethra 尿道albumin/ albumin 白蛋白、清蛋白azot/o urea, nitrogen 尿素，脲，氮blast/o developing, germ cell 芽苞，胚，芽glyc/o sugar 糖glycos/o sugar 糖hydr/o water 水lith/o stone,calculus 石，结石noct/i night 夜晚olig/o scanty,few 缺乏的，仅有的son/o sound 探子，声，音tom/o cut,section 切面，切开trachel/o neck,necklike 颈urin/o urine,urinary tract 尿，尿束，道ur/o urine,urinary tract 尿，尿束，道ven/o vein 血管静脉poly- much,many 许多-iasis condition 情况，状态-esis condition 情况，状态-lysis loosening, dissolution,separating松解，溶解，分离的-megaly enlargement 增大，膨大-orrhaphy suturing,repairing 修补，缝合-ptosis prolapse 下垂，脱垂，脱出-tripsy surgical crushing 破碎手术-trophy nourishment,development 营养发育-uria urine,urination 尿，排尿术语分析cystitis 膀胱炎cystocele 膀胱突出cyst/o -celebladder hernia or protrusion膀胱疝，突出，前凸cystolith 膀胱石cyst/o lith/obladder，sac stone,calculus膀胱，囊石，结石glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎glomerul/o nephr/o -itisglomerulus kidney inflammation肾小球肾炎症hydronephrosis` 肾盂积水hydr/o nephr/o -osiswater kidney abnormal condition 水肾病，症，状态，异常增多nephritis 肾炎nephr/o -itiskidney inflammation肾炎症nephroblastoma 肾胚细胞瘤nephr/o blast/o omakidney developing cell, germ cell tumor肾芽苞，胚，芽瘤nephrohypertrophy 肾肥大（前缀hyper 中置）hyper- nephr/o -trophyabove,excessive kidneynourishment,development高，过度，过多的肾营养发育nephrolithiasis 肾石病nephr/o lith/o -iasiskidney stone,calculus condition肾石，结石情况，状态nephroma 肾瘤nephr/o omakidney tumor肾瘤nephromegaly 巨肾，肾肥大nephr/o -megalykidney enlargement肾增大，膨大nephroptosis 肾下垂nephr/o -ptosiskidney prolapse肾下垂，脱垂，脱出pyelitis 肾盂炎pyel/o -itisrenal pelvis inflammation肾盂炎症pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎pyel/o nephr/o -itisrenal pelvis kidney inflammation 肾盂肾炎症trachelocystitis 膀胱颈炎trachel/o cyst/o -itisneck, necklike bladder, sac inflammation 颈囊，膀胱炎症uremia 尿毒症ur/o -emiaurine,urinary tract blood condition尿，尿束血，血（液的）症状ureteritis 输尿管炎ureter/o -itisureter inflammation输尿管炎症ureterocele 输尿管疝ureter/o -celeureter hernia or protrusion输尿管疝，突出ureterolithiasis 输尿管石病ureter/o lith/o -iasisureter stone,calculus condition输尿管石，结石情况，状态ureterostenosis 输尿管狭窄ureter/o -stenosisureter constriction or narrowing输尿管狭窄，缩窄urethrocystitis 尿道膀胱炎cystectomy 膀胱切除术·cyst/o -ectomybladder,sac excision or surgical removal膀胱，囊切除术cystolithotomy 膀胱石切除术·cyst/o lith/o -otomy bladder,sac stone,calculus cut into or incision 膀胱，囊石，结石切口cystoplasty 膀胱成形术cyst/o -plastybladder,sac plastic or surgical repair膀胱，囊成形的，整形的cystorrhaphy 膀胱缝术cyst/o -orrihaphybladder,sac suturing,repairing膀胱，囊修补，缝合cystostomy 膀胱造口术cyst/o -ostomybladder,sac creation of an artificial opening膀胱，囊人造口cystotomy 膀胱切开术cyst/o -otomybladder cut into or incision膀胱切口cystotrachelotomy 膀胱颈切开术cyst/o trachel/o -otomy bladder,sac neck,necklike cut into or insion 膀胱，囊颈切口lithotripsy 碎石术lith/o -tripsystone,calculus surgical crushing石，结石破碎手术meatotomy 尿道口切开术meat/o -otomymeatus(opening) cut into or incision道，口切口nephrectomy 肾切除术nephr/o -ectomykidney excision or surgical removal肾切除术nephropexy 肾固定术nephr/o -pexykidney surgical fixation肾固定术nephrostomy 肾造口术nephr/o -ostomykidney creation of an artificial opening肾人造口pyelolithotomy 肾盂石切除术pyel/o lith/o -otomyrenal pelvis stone,calculus cut into or incision 肾盂石，结石切口pyeloplasty 肾盂成形术pyel/o -plastyrenal pelvis plastic or surgical repair肾盂成形的，整形的pyelostomy 肾盂造口术pyel/o -ostomyrenal pelvis creation of an artificial opening肾盂人造口ureterectomy 输尿管切除术ureter/o -ectomyureter excision or surgical removal输尿管切除术ureterostomy 输尿管造口术ureter/o -ostomyureter creationof an artificial opening输尿管人造口ureterotomy 输尿管切开术ureter/o -otomyureter cut into or incision输尿管切口urethropexy 尿道固定术urethr/o` -pexyurethra surgical fixation尿道固定术urethroplasty 尿道成形术urethrostomy 尿道造口术urethr/o -ostomyurethra creation of an artificial opening尿道人造口urethrotomy 尿道切开术urethr/o -otomyurethra cut into or incision尿道切口vesicourethral(suspension) 膀胱尿道的（悬吊）vesic/o urethr/o al bladder,sac urethra pertaining to 膀胱，囊尿道关于cystogram 膀胱照片，膀胱造影照片cystography 膀胱照相术，膀胱造影术cyst/o -graphybladder,sac process of recording, x-ray filming cystopyelogram 膀胱肾盂x线照片，膀胱肾盂造影照片cyst/o pyel/o -grambladder,sac renal pelvis record, x-ray film cystopyelography 膀胱肾盂x线照相术，膀胱肾盂造影术cyst/o pyel/o -graphybladder,sac renal pelvis process of recordiong,x-ray filming膀胱，囊肾盂记录法，描记法，照相术cystoscope 膀胱镜cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查cyst/o -scopybladder,sac visual examination膀胱，囊视觉诊察cystoureterogram 膀胱输尿管造影照片cystourethrogram 膀胱尿道造影照片cyst/o urethr/o -grambladder,sac urethra record, x-ray film膀胱，囊尿道记录图，描记图intravenous(intra/ven/ous) pyelogram 静脉内的肾盂x线照片，肾盂造影照片pyel/o -gramrenal pelvis record, x-ray film肾盂记录图，射线软片图meatoscope 尿道口窥镜meat/o -scopemeatus(opening) instrument used for visual examination道，口视觉诊察器meatoscopy 尿道口镜检查meat/o -scopymeatus(opening) visual examination道，口视觉诊察nephrogram 肾x线造影照片nephr/o -gramkidney record,x-ray film肾记录图，描记图nephrography 肾x线造影术nephr/o -graphykidney process of recording x-ray filming肾记录法，描记法，照相术nephroscopy 肾镜检查nephr/o -scopykidney visual examination肾视觉诊察nephrosonography 肾超声检查nephr/o son/o -graphykidney sound process of recordion,x-ray filming肾探子，音，声记录法，描记法，照相术nephrotomogram 肾x线断面造影照片nephr/o tom/o -gramkidney cut, section record, x-ray film肾切开，断面，切片，记录图，射线软片图renal (ren/al) biopsy 肾活组织检查bi/o -opsyliving tissue to view活组织观察，视像renogram 肾探测图ren/o -gramkidney record,x-ray film肾记录图，描记图，射线软片图retrograde pyelogram 逆行肾盂x线照片，肾盂造影照片pyel/o -gramrenal pelvis record, x-ray film肾盂记录图描记图，射线软片图ureterogram 输尿管造影照片urethrometer 尿道测量器ureter/o -meterureter instrument used to measure输尿管测量器，表，计urethroscope 尿道镜ureter/o -scopeureter instrument used for visual examination 输尿管视觉诊察器urinometer 尿比重计albuminuria 蛋白尿albumin/o -uriaalbumin urine,urination白蛋白排尿anuria 无尿症an- -uriawithout or absence of urine, urination无，不，缺，离尿，排尿azoturia 氮尿azot/o -uriaurea, nitrogen urine, urination尿素，脲，氮排尿diuresis 利尿，多尿dia ur/o －esis through urine，urinary tract condition 通过尿，尿道情况，状况dysuria 排尿困难glycosuria 糖尿glycos/o -uriasugar urine ,urination糖尿hematuria 血尿hemat/o -uriablood urine, urination血尿，排尿meatal 造的，道meat/o almeatus(opening) pertaining to道，口关于nocturia 夜尿症noct/i -urianight urine, urination夜晚尿，排尿oliguria 少尿olig/o -uriascanty,few urine, urination缺乏的，仅有的尿，排尿polyuria 多尿症poly- -uriamany,much urine,urination许多尿，排尿pyuria 脓尿py/o （pus）-uria脓尿，排尿urinary 泌尿的，含尿的，尿的urin/o -aryurine, urinary tract pertaining to尿，尿束，道关于，属于urologist 泌尿科学家，泌尿科医师ur/o -ologisturine, urinary tract specialist, physician尿，尿束，道专家，……学家urology 泌尿科学ur/o -ologyurine, urinary tract study of尿，尿束，道学问，学说，……学11。
泌尿系统外文词汇
urinometer尿比重计
2、 uro-
uremia尿毒症 urokinase尿激酶 urobilin尿胆素
uroacidimeter尿酸度测定器 uroammoniac尿酸与氨的
uro-azotometer尿氮定量器,尿氮计urobilinogen尿胆素原
pyelolithotomy肾盂结石切除术pyelometer骨盆测量器
pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎
四、 输尿管ureter-
ureteral colic输尿管绞痛 ureteralgia输尿管痛
uretercystoscope输尿管膀胱镜 ureterovaginal输尿管阴道的
aminoaciduria氨基酸尿症anischuria遗尿,尿失禁
bacteriuria菌尿
二、 肾
1、 reno-
renin肾素 adrenalin肾上腺素renocortical肾皮质的
renoarteriography肾动脉造影 renomorphology肾形态学
meatotomy knife尿道口刀meatoscopy尿道口镜检查
meatoantrotomy经耳道鼓窦凿开术
2、 urethro-
urethroblennorrhea尿道脓溢urethrobulbar尿道球的
urethrocavernous尿道海绵体的 urethrocele尿道突出
1、 vesico-
vesicocele膀胱膨出vesicocervical膀胱子宫颈的
vesicoclysis膀胱灌洗术vesicocolic膀胱结肠的
医学英语 泌尿系统
• Renal pelvis • Renal column肾柱
The kidney
• The unit of the kidney:
– Each kidney consists of approximately 1 million nephrons肾单位, which span the cortex and medulla.
How is the urine formed in kidney?
• Reabsorption is the movement of substances (water, glucose，other nutrients, Na+ and other ions) out of the renal tubules back into the blood. • Secretion is the process by which substances (H+, K+, ammonia, and certain drugs) move into the distal and collecting tubules from blood. • Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and out of the kidney.
a glomerulus
• nephron
a renal corpuscle 肾小体 a Bowman’s
capsule
urinalysis泌尿系统专业英语词汇
Chapte rⅢLesson 4Phenylketonuria retardationhazy hemolyze amberketone nitride aluminum nitride氮化铝esterasecast yeast talc metabolism新陈代谢, 代谢作用intact solute solution:溶液impregnate vt.使充满, 使饱和(with)bilirubin 胆红素urobilinogen尿胆素原centrifuge离心（机）epithelial 上皮的crystal 结晶, 晶urinalysis 尿分析differentiate区分, 区别artifact 人工制品centrifuge tubepH:hydrogen ion concentration 氢离子浓度指数The Power of Hydrogen，potential Hydrogen. Most pH values are measured either by electrometric determination (pH meter) or by colorimetric methods with the aid of indicator solutions or indicator papers.Physical Characteristics:color and odor(Slightly aromatic), turbidity,specific gravity (density of urine), pH (Ranges from 4.5 - 8.0. Average is 6.0, slightly acidic)Chemical Characteristics:protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood, nitrite, leukocytes, other.For routine chemical analysis of urine there are several brands of chemical test strips (dip sticks) that are commercially available. Take a specimen cup from the lab to the bathroom; void into the cup and return to the labMicroscopic Examination: epithelial cells, crystals, bacteria or yeast, protozoan casts Specific gravity can be determined by either of two methods using a refractometer or a urinometerThe first morning samples 晨尿collect a clean-catch (midstream) urine sample:24-hour urine volume 24小时尿量hematuria 血尿bilirubinuria 胆红素尿Hemoglobinuria 血红蛋白尿myoglobulinuria 肌红蛋白尿urobilinogen尿胆原bacteriuria菌尿chyluria乳糜尿Lipiduria脂肪尿pyuria脓尿proteinuria 蛋白尿glycosuria 糖尿Bence-Jones proteinuria 本-周蛋白尿Urine sediment 尿沉渣granular cast 颗粒管型waxy cast 蜡样管型fatty cast 脂肪管型mucous strand 粘液丝Urine sediment excretion rate per hour 尿沉渣每小时排泄率glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率urea尿素uric acid尿酸renin 肾素Microglobulin微球蛋白lysozyme溶菌酶urine osmolarity尿渗量acid load test 酸负荷试验。
〖医学〗泌尿系统_10190
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肾小球滤过率
glomerular filtration rate
◆新生儿 第一周滤过功能↓， 2岁达 成人水平。
◆病理 pathology 过量水份和溶质不能迅速排 出→水肿
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肾小管的重吸收和排泄功能
the reabsorpion and the excretory function of renal tubule
色黄透明，1岁以后尿比重接近成人 ，24小时尿蛋白≤100mg/m2 、红细 胞 、 白细胞、 管型 、 Addis计数 、 pH
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肾脏疾病检查
examination of kidney disease
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Байду номын сангаас
肾脏疾病的检查
肾脏各部分功能检查法
血管系 blood-vascular system 肾血管造影 renal angiography 肾图nephrogram
（3mmol/Kg/d）→低钠血症→ 休克或惊厥。
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钾 potassium 肾小管上皮细胞Na-K-ATP酶系 统不够成熟，新生儿10日内排钾 能力↓→高钾倾向。
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酸碱平衡 acid-base balance
◆肾脏通过→H＋的排泄、HCO3－ 的重吸 收→ 维持酸碱平衡
我国经济和科学技术日益发展， 学术文 化领域 百家争 鸣，（df高血压 958心 脏病983u6糖尿 病87fr ）特别 是思想 家的革 新精神 ，为中 医学理 论的创 新和突 破性进 展，提 供了有 利的文 化背景 。宋代 陈无择 著《三 因极一 病证方 论》一 书，（45传染 病q566丙肝964jo乙肝 28jgsx甲肝gh）提出 三因学 说；并 产生了 最具盛 名四大 学派， 刘完素 倡导火 热论； 张从正 力倡“ 攻邪论 ”；李 杲提出 “内伤 脾胃， 百病由 生”的 理论； 朱震亨 创造性 地阐明 了相火 的演变 规律。
泌尿系统英文单词
hilus肾门ureter pelvis肾盂major/minor calyces肾大小盏labyrinths皮质迷路pyramids肾椎体renal papillae乳头area cribrosa筛孔区Renal corpuscles肾小体Afferent arteriole入球微AEfferent arteriole出球微A Glomerulus肾血管球Bowman's capsule鲍曼氏囊; 肾小球囊podocytes足细胞heparan肝素Ln层粘连蛋白entactin巢蛋白mesangium血管系膜mesangial cell系膜细胞pedicels足突nephrin裂孔膜蛋白Filtration membrane滤过膜distal tubule远端小管principle(主、亮) Cintercalated (闰、暗) CCollecting tubule 集合小管interstitial cell间质细胞Transitional epithelium变移上皮Facet cell盖细胞Lamina propria固有层Muscular layer肌层Adventicia外膜serosa浆膜fibrosa纤维膜intermediate mesoderm间介中胚层Nephrogenic cord 生肾索Urogenital ridges 尿生殖嵴pronephros 前肾mesonephros中肾gonad性腺mesonephric ridge中肾嵴gonodal ridge生殖腺嵴urogenital ridge尿生殖嵴cloacal cavity泄殖腔Ureteric bud输尿管芽Metanephrogenic blastema生后肾原基ventral hilum 腹侧肾门inside hilum内侧肾门Congenital anomalies 泌尿畸形Ectopic kidneys 异位肾Unilateral renal agenesis单侧肾缺如Bilateral renal agenesis双侧肾缺如Horseshoe kidney马蹄肾inferior mesenteric A肠系膜下动脉、Duplicated ureters双输尿管与双肾Double kidneys 双肾Cystic kidney肾囊肿、多囊肾Fused kidney肾融合Malrotation旋转异常Urachal anomalies脐尿管异常urachal cyst 脐尿管囊肿urachal sinus 脐尿管窦urachal fistula 脐尿瘘Ecotopic ureteric opening 输尿管开口异常ventibule尿失禁Hypospadia尿道下裂Bowman’s capsule肾球囊size-dependent barrier function分子大小依赖的屏障charge-dependent barrier function电荷依赖的屏障Glomerulonephritis (GN）肾小球肾炎PAS碘酸SchiffPASM过碘酸六胺银Acute nephritic syndrome急性肾炎综合征Rapidly progressive GN syndrome急进性肾炎综合征nephrotic syndrome肾病综合征hypoalbuminemia低蛋白血症hyperlipidemia and lipiduria高脂血症和脂尿asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria无症状性血尿或蛋白尿chronic nephritic syndrome慢性肾炎综合征diffuse弥漫性focal局灶性global球性segmental节段性Acute Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis毛细血管内增生性GN postinfectious glomerulonephritis感染后GNpoststreptococcal GN链球菌感染后性肾炎nonstreptococcal GN非链球菌感染性肾炎Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis急进性GN（RPGN）cresentic新月体性Goodpasture syndrome肺出血肾炎综合征ANCA，antinutrophil cytoplasmic antibody抗嗜中性粒细胞胞质抗体Membranous glomerulopathy膜性肾小球病membranous nephropathy膜性肾病Minimal change glomerulopathy轻微病变性肾小球病lipoid nephrosis脂性肾病Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSG）局灶性节段性肾小球硬化Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) 膜增生性GN mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPG) 系膜增生性GN IgA nephropathy IgA肾病Chronic glomerulonephritis慢性肾小球肾炎Pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎Renal cell carcinoma肾细胞癌Wilms tumor（nephroblastoma）肾母细胞瘤urothelial tumor尿路上皮肿瘤juxtaglomerular apparatus球旁器extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜细胞macula densa致密斑fenestration窗孔filtration slit membrane滤过裂隙膜myogenic mechanism肌源性机制tubuloglomerular feedback管—球反馈glomerular filtration rate, GFR肾小球滤过率filtration fraction滤过分数effective filtration pressure有效滤过压filtration equilibrium滤过平衡renal blood flow肾血流量renal plasma flow肾血浆流量filtration coefficient ,Kf滤过系数reabsorption重吸收secretion分泌transcellular pathway 跨细胞转运途径paracellular transport细胞旁转运途径diffusion扩散osmosis渗透facilitated易化扩散solvent drag溶剂拖曳active transport主动转运secondary active transport继发性主动转运proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管principal cell主细胞intercalated cell闰细胞titratable可滴定酸Spironolactone螺内酯（安体舒通）eplerenone依普利酮amiloride阿米洛利triamterene氨苯蝶啶glutamine谷氨酰胺countercurrent multiplication逆流倍增countercurrent exchange逆流交换osmotic渗透性利尿glomerulotubular balance球-管平衡constant fraction reabsorption定比重吸收antidiuretic ,ADH抗利尿激素osmotic pressure晶体渗透压osmoreceptor渗透压感受器water diuresis水利尿renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统aldosterone -induced protein醛固酮诱导蛋白Bradykinin缓激肽clearance清除率inulin菊粉Endogenous clearances内生肌酐pelvic nerve盆神经hypogastric nerve腹下神经pudendal nerve阴部神经micturition reflex排尿反射overflow incontinence溢流性尿失禁urine retention尿潴留urine incontinence尿失禁acid base balance酸碱平衡standard bicarbonate，SB标准碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate，AB实际碳酸氢盐buffer base，BB缓冲碱base excess，BE碱剩余anion gap，AG阴离子间隙undetermined anion，UA未测定的阴离子undetermined cation，UC未测定阳离子acid base disturbance酸碱平衡紊乱Lactic acidosis乳酸酸中毒Keto- acidosis酮症酸中毒Uremic acidosis尿毒症性酸中毒Renal tubular acidosis，RTA肾小管性酸中毒Distal renal tubular acidosis远端肾小管性酸中毒Proximal renal tubular acidosis近端肾小管性酸中毒Renal tubular acidosis肾小管性酸中毒respiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒mixed acid-base disorders混合型酸碱平衡异常Glomerulus disease肾小球病变Tubular necrosis肾小管坏死Damage of renal interstitium肾间质损害Disease of renal blood vessels肾血管病变Glomerulus insufficiency肾小球功能障碍Permeability barrier孔径屏障Electrostatic barrier电荷屏障Renal tubular insufficiency肾小管功能障碍Hyposthenuria低渗尿Isosthenuria等渗尿acute renal failure, ARF急性肾功能衰竭Prerenal ARF肾前性ARFFunctional ARF功能性ARFIntrarerenal ARF肾性ARFParenchymal ARF器质性ARFacute tubular necrosis，ATN急性肾小管坏死Postrerenal ARF肾后性ARFKidney blood flow down肾血流量降低Renal hypoperfusion肾灌注压下降Vasoconstriction肾血管收缩Change of blood rheology血液流变学的改变Oliguric acute failure少尿型急性肾功能衰竭Oliguric phase少尿期Azotemia氮质血症Water intoxication水中毒Hyperkalemia高血钾Metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒Diuretic phase多尿期Recovery phase恢复期Nonoliguric acute renal failure非少尿型chronic renal failure, CRF慢性肾功能衰竭renal hypertension肾性高血压renal anemia肾性贫血uremia尿毒症Hydrostatic pressure静水压Osmotic pressure渗透压Disorders of sodium metabolism钠代谢紊乱Hypernatremia高钠血症hypotonic dehydration低渗性脱水Symptom of circulatory failure循环衰竭体症（休克）Dehydrate symptom脱水症状hypertonic dehydration高渗性脱水Urine sodium尿钠Dehydrant fever脱水热isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水edema水肿Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure毛细血管有效流体静压升高Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure血浆胶体渗透压降低Increased capillary permeability微血管壁通透性升高lymphatic obstruction淋巴回流受阻Imbalance of exchange between intra- and extra-body fluid体内外液体交换失平衡的机制Decreased glomerular filtration rate GFR急剧降低Increased tubular reabsorption肾小管重吸收增多Rank edema显性水肿Pitting edema凹陷性水肿Disorder of Potassium Metabolism钾代谢紊乱hypokalemia低钾血症hyperkalemia高钾血症Hyperkalemi periodic paralysis高钾血症型周期性麻痹Pharmacodynamics药效学Pharmacokinetics药动学Excretion 排泄organic anion transporters，OATs有机阴离子转运体organic cation transporters，OCTs有机阳离子转运体competitive inhibition竞争性抑制diuretics利尿药loop diurectis袢利尿药high efficacy diurectics高效能利尿药furosemide呋噻米（速尿）etacrynic acid依他尼酸（利尿酸）thiazide and thiazide-like diuretcs噻嗪类及类噻嗪类利尿药moderate efficacy diuretics中效能利尿药thiazides噻嗪类chlorothiazide氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氢氯噻嗪hydroflumethiazide氢氟噻嗪bendroflumethiazide苄氟噻嗪cyclopenthiazide环戊噻嗪potassium-retaining diuretics保钾利尿药low efficacy diuretics低效能利尿药spironolacton螺内酯triamterene氨苯蝶啶amiloride阿米洛利carbonic anhydrase inhibitors碳酸酐酶抑制药diamox乙酰唑胺osmotic diuretics渗透性利尿药Aminoglycosides氨基糖苷类gentamicin庆大霉素amikacin阿米卡星Amphotericin B 两性霉素BVancomycin万古霉素cisplatin顺铂Bisphosphonates双膦酸盐zoledronic acid唑来膦酸Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis药物诱导的急性间质性肾炎Rifampin利福平pamidronate帕米膦酸盐lithium锂Thrombotic microangiopathy血栓性微血管病Acyclovir阿昔洛韦high-dose methotrexate氨甲喋呤Indinavir 印地那韦Sulfonamides 磺胺类药物Ciprofloxacin环丙沙星Aristolochic acids马兜铃酸Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN)马兜铃酸肾病Balkan-endemic nephropathy (BEN),巴尔干地方性肾病Anti-angiogenesis drugs抗血管生成药物mitomycin-C丝裂霉素Cgemcitabine吉西他滨Proteinuria 蛋白尿Hematuria 血尿Edema 水肿Heparan sulfate硫酸乙酰肝素sialic acid 唾液酸MAU微量白蛋白尿、Glomerular proteinuria肾小球性蛋白尿Tubular proteinuria肾小管性蛋白尿Overflow proteinuria溢出性蛋白尿Benign proteinuria生理性蛋白尿Diabetes mellitus,糖尿病肾病Lupus nephritis,狼疮性肾炎Amyloidosis,淀粉样变性light chains本周氏蛋白Rhabdomyolysis横纹肌溶解myoglobulin肌红蛋白Hemoglobin血红蛋白Menses月经hemorrhoid 痔疮出血Rifampin利福平beets甜菜blackberries黑莓renal colic 肾绞痛three-glass test 尿三杯试验Urethra尿道Abdominal plain X-ray (routine)腹部平片IVP (intravenous pyelogram)静脉肾盂造影Cystoscopy膀胱镜Retrograde pyelogram逆行肾盂造影plasma oncotic pressure 血浆胶体渗透压intravascular hydrostatic pressure 毛细血管内静水压interstitial tissue tension 组织压myxedema粘液性水肿tibia 胫骨fibula 腓骨ankle 踝pleural effusion 胸腔积液,ascite 腹水cardiovascular edema 心源性水肿nephrologic edema 肾性水肿hepatic edema 肝源性水肿malnutritional edema 营养不良性水肿Filariasis丝虫病Mastectomy乳腺癌手术Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) 局灶性节段性肾小球硬化Autosomal dominant常染色体显性遗传steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome类固醇抗性肾病综合征autosomal recessive常染色体隐性遗传Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 慢性肾病MG微球蛋白Lithium锂Comorbidity疾病Myoglobinuria肌红蛋白尿Polycystic kidney disease多囊肾病（PKD或PCKD，也称为多囊肾综合征）Connective tissue disease，CTD结缔组织病Immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)免疫性血小板减少性紫癜CTX环磷酰胺Microalbuminuria微量白蛋白尿malaria疟疾Multiple myeloma（MM）多发性骨髓瘤Comorbidity合并症Polycystic kidney disease（PDK）多囊肾病Immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)免疫性血小板减少性紫癜Minimal change disease (MCD）微小病变Intravenous pyelography（IVP）静脉肾盂造影Angiomyolipoma（AML）血管平滑肌脂肪瘤IVP Intravenous pyelography, excretory urography排泄性尿路造影retrograde urography逆行性尿路造影abdominal aorography腹主动脉造影selective renal arteriography选择性肾动脉造MRU，MR urography磁共振尿路成像DWI, diffusion weighted image弥散加权成像renal tuberculosis肾结核ureteral tuberculosis输尿管结核Renal cell carcinoma肾细胞癌renal pelvic carcinoma肾盂癌。
urology and nephroloy泌尿生殖系统(英文带解释)
• Nephrosis –nephropathy nephroptosis肾下垂 nephroblast成肾细胞 • Glomerulonephritis血管球性肾炎 inflammation of the kidney primarily involving the glomeruli,肾小球，血管小 球 • Hydronephrosis肾盂积水 collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction • Pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎 pyeloplasty肾盂成形术 pyelocystitis肾盂膀胱炎，膀胱肾盂肾炎 pyelogram肾盂X线（照）片，肾盂造影照片 pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎 pyeloureteroplasty肾盂输尿管成 形术
Reproduction related
• Hyster-uter-womb • Hysteroscopy hysterotomy • Vagina阴道
ureter --Ureterocelectomy输尿管膨出切除术 intraureteral输尿管内的ureterostenosis输尿管狭 窄 ureteroscope ureterohydronephrosis输尿管肾盂积水 Cyst--Cystorrhaphy膀胱缝合术 cystorrhagia膀胱 出血 cystostaxis膀胱渗血 Cystotomy enterocystocele肠膀胱疝 Urethra—urethroscopy urethragraph ,urethralgia 尿道痛 ,urethrameter尿道测量器
disease
• • • • • • • Auresis lack of urination anuresis无尿 Dysuria painful or difficult urination排尿困难 Enuresis involuntary urination ;bet-wetting遗尿 Hematuria presence of blood in urine Oliguria small amounts of urine尿过少，少尿（症） Polyuria elimination of large amounts of U多尿（症） Proteinuria presence of protein ,mainl albumin 清蛋白，白蛋白 in the urine 蛋白尿（症） • Pyuria presence of pus in the urine脓尿
泌尿系统英文单词
泌尿系统英文单词本页仅作为文档页封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.Marchhilus肾门ureter pelvis肾盂major/minor calyces肾大小盏labyrinths皮质迷路pyramids肾椎体renal papillae乳头area cribrosa筛孔区Renal corpuscles肾小体Afferent arteriole入球Efferent arteriole出球Glomerulus肾血管球Bowman's capsule鲍曼氏囊; 肾小球囊podocytes足细胞heparan肝素Ln层粘连蛋白entactin巢蛋白mesangium血管系膜mesangial cell系膜细胞pedicels足突nephrin裂孔膜蛋白Filtration membrane滤过膜distal tubule远端小管principle(主、亮) Cintercalated (闰、暗) CCollecting tubule 集合小管interstitial cell间质细胞Transitional epithelium变移上皮Facet cell盖细胞Lamina propria固有层Muscular layer肌层Adventicia外膜serosa浆膜fibrosa纤维膜intermediate mesoderm间介中胚层Nephrogenic cord 生肾索Urogenital ridges 尿生殖嵴pronephros 前肾mesonephros中肾gonad性腺mesonephric ridge中肾嵴gonodal ridge生殖腺嵴urogenital ridge尿生殖嵴cloacal cavity泄殖腔Ureteric bud输尿管芽Metanephrogenic blastema生后肾原基ventral hilum 腹侧肾门inside hilum内侧肾门Congenital anomalies 泌尿畸形Ectopic kidneys 异位肾Unilateral renal agenesis单侧肾缺如Bilateral renal agenesis双侧肾缺如Horseshoe kidney马蹄肾inferior mesenteric A肠系膜下动脉、Duplicated ureters双输尿管与双肾Double kidneys 双肾Cystic kidney肾囊肿、多囊肾Fused kidney肾融合Malrotation旋转异常Urachal anomalies脐尿管异常urachal cyst 脐尿管囊肿urachal sinus 脐尿管窦urachal fistula 脐尿瘘Ecotopic ureteric opening 输尿管开口异常ventibule尿失禁Hypospadia尿道下裂Bowman’s capsule肾球囊size-dependent barrier function分子大小依赖的屏障charge-dependent barrier function电荷依赖的屏障Glomerulonephritis (GN）肾小球肾炎PAS碘酸SchiffPASM过碘酸六胺银Acute nephritic syndrome急性肾炎综合征Rapidly progressive GN syndrome急进性肾炎综合征nephrotic syndrome肾病综合征hypoalbuminemia低蛋白血症hyperlipidemia and lipiduria高脂血症和脂尿asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria无症状性血尿或蛋白尿chronic nephritic syndrome慢性肾炎综合征diffuse弥漫性focal局灶性global球性segmental节段性Acute Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis毛细血管内增生性GN postinfectious glomerulonephritis感染后GNpoststreptococcal GN链球菌感染后性肾炎nonstreptococcal GN非链球菌感染性肾炎Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis急进性GN（RPGN）cresentic新月体性Goodpasture syndrome肺出血肾炎综合征ANCA，antinutrophil cytoplasmic antibody抗嗜中性粒细胞胞质抗体Membranous glomerulopathy膜性肾小球病membranous nephropathy膜性肾病Minimal change glomerulopathy轻微病变性肾小球病lipoid nephrosis脂性肾病Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSG）局灶性节段性肾小球硬化Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) 膜增生性GN mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPG) 系膜增生性GNIgA nephropathy IgA肾病Chronic glomerulonephritis慢性肾小球肾炎Pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎Renal cell carcinoma肾细胞癌Wilms tumor（nephroblastoma）肾母细胞瘤urothelial tumor尿路上皮肿瘤juxtaglomerular apparatus球旁器extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜细胞macula densa致密斑fenestration窗孔filtration slit membrane滤过裂隙膜myogenic mechanism肌源性机制tubuloglomerular feedback管—球反馈glomerular filtration rate, GFR肾小球滤过率filtration fraction滤过分数effective filtration pressure有效滤过压filtration equilibrium滤过平衡renal blood flow肾血流量renal plasma flow肾血浆流量filtration coefficient ,Kf滤过系数reabsorption重吸收secretion分泌transcellular pathway 跨细胞转运途径paracellular transport细胞旁转运途径diffusion扩散osmosis渗透facilitated易化扩散solvent drag溶剂拖曳active transport主动转运secondary active transport继发性主动转运proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管principal cell主细胞intercalated cell闰细胞titratable可滴定酸Spironolactone螺内酯（安体舒通）eplerenone依普利酮amiloride阿米洛利triamterene氨苯蝶啶glutamine谷氨酰胺countercurrent multiplication逆流倍增countercurrent exchange逆流交换osmotic渗透性利尿glomerulotubular balance球-管平衡constant fraction reabsorption定比重吸收antidiuretic ,ADH抗利尿激素osmotic pressure晶体渗透压osmoreceptor渗透压感受器water diuresis水利尿renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统aldosterone -induced protein醛固酮诱导蛋白Bradykinin缓激肽clearance清除率inulin菊粉Endogenous clearances内生肌酐pelvic nerve盆神经hypogastric nerve腹下神经pudendal nerve阴部神经micturition reflex排尿反射overflow incontinence溢流性尿失禁urine retention尿潴留urine incontinence尿失禁acid base balance酸碱平衡standard bicarbonate，SB标准碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate，AB实际碳酸氢盐buffer base，BB缓冲碱base excess，BE碱剩余anion gap，AG阴离子间隙undetermined anion，UA未测定的阴离子undetermined cation，UC未测定阳离子acid base disturbance酸碱平衡紊乱Lactic acidosis乳酸酸中毒Keto- acidosis酮症酸中毒Uremic acidosis尿毒症性酸中毒Renal tubular acidosis，RTA肾小管性酸中毒Distal renal tubular acidosis远端肾小管性酸中毒Proximal renal tubular acidosis近端肾小管性酸中毒Renal tubular acidosis肾小管性酸中毒respiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒mixed acid-base disorders混合型酸碱平衡异常Glomerulus disease肾小球病变Tubular necrosis肾小管坏死Damage of renal interstitium肾间质损害Disease of renal blood vessels肾血管病变Glomerulus insufficiency肾小球功能障碍Permeability barrier孔径屏障Electrostatic barrier电荷屏障Renal tubular insufficiency肾小管功能障碍Hyposthenuria低渗尿Isosthenuria等渗尿acute renal failure, ARF急性肾功能衰竭Prerenal ARF肾前性ARFFunctional ARF功能性ARFIntrarerenal ARF肾性ARFParenchymal ARF器质性ARFacute tubular necrosis，ATN急性肾小管坏死Postrerenal ARF肾后性ARFKidney blood flow down肾血流量降低Renal hypoperfusion肾灌注压下降Vasoconstriction肾血管收缩Change of blood rheology血液流变学的改变Oliguric acute failure少尿型急性肾功能衰竭Oliguric phase少尿期Azotemia氮质血症Water intoxication水中毒Hyperkalemia高血钾Metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒Diuretic phase多尿期Recovery phase恢复期Nonoliguric acute renal failure非少尿型chronic renal failure, CRF慢性肾功能衰竭renal hypertension肾性高血压renal anemia肾性贫血uremia尿毒症Hydrostatic pressure静水压Osmotic pressure渗透压Disorders of sodium metabolism钠代谢紊乱Hypernatremia高钠血症hypotonic dehydration低渗性脱水Symptom of circulatory failure循环衰竭体症（休克）Dehydrate symptom脱水症状hypertonic dehydration高渗性脱水Urine sodium尿钠Dehydrant fever脱水热isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水edema水肿Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure毛细血管有效流体静压升高Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure血浆胶体渗透压降低Increased capillary permeability微血管壁通透性升高lymphatic obstruction淋巴回流受阻Imbalance of exchange between intra- and extra-body fluid体内外液体交换失平衡的机制Decreased glomerular filtration rate GFR急剧降低Increased tubular reabsorption肾小管重吸收增多Rank edema显性水肿Pitting edema凹陷性水肿Disorder of Potassium Metabolism钾代谢紊乱hypokalemia低钾血症hyperkalemia高钾血症Hyperkalemi periodic paralysis高钾血症型周期性麻痹Pharmacodynamics药效学Pharmacokinetics药动学Excretion 排泄organic anion transporters，OATs有机阴离子转运体organic cation transporters，OCTs有机阳离子转运体competitive inhibition竞争性抑制diuretics利尿药loop diurectis袢利尿药high efficacy diurectics高效能利尿药furosemide呋噻米（速尿）etacrynic acid依他尼酸（利尿酸）thiazide and thiazide-like diuretcs噻嗪类及类噻嗪类利尿药moderate efficacy diuretics中效能利尿药thiazides噻嗪类chlorothiazide氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氢氯噻嗪hydroflumethiazide氢氟噻嗪bendroflumethiazide苄氟噻嗪cyclopenthiazide环戊噻嗪potassium-retaining diuretics保钾利尿药low efficacy diuretics低效能利尿药spironolacton螺内酯triamterene氨苯蝶啶amiloride阿米洛利carbonic anhydrase inhibitors碳酸酐酶抑制药diamox乙酰唑胺osmotic diuretics渗透性利尿药Aminoglycosides氨基糖苷类gentamicin庆大霉素amikacin阿米卡星Amphotericin B 两性霉素BVancomycin万古霉素cisplatin顺铂Bisphosphonates双膦酸盐zoledronic acid唑来膦酸Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis药物诱导的急性间质性肾炎Rifampin利福平pamidronate帕米膦酸盐lithium锂Thrombotic microangiopathy血栓性微血管病Acyclovir阿昔洛韦high-dose methotrexate氨甲喋呤Indinavir 印地那韦Sulfonamides 磺胺类药物Ciprofloxacin环丙沙星Aristolochic acids马兜铃酸Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN)马兜铃酸肾病Balkan-endemic nephropathy (BEN),巴尔干地方性肾病Anti-angiogenesis drugs抗血管生成药物mitomycin-C丝裂霉素Cgemcitabine吉西他滨Proteinuria 蛋白尿Hematuria 血尿Edema 水肿Heparan sulfate硫酸乙酰肝素sialic acid 唾液酸MAU微量白蛋白尿、Glomerular proteinuria肾小球性蛋白尿Tubular proteinuria肾小管性蛋白尿Overflow proteinuria溢出性蛋白尿Benign proteinuria生理性蛋白尿Diabetes mellitus,糖尿病肾病Lupus nephritis,狼疮性肾炎Amyloidosis,淀粉样变性light chains本周氏蛋白Rhabdomyolysis横纹肌溶解myoglobulin肌红蛋白Hemoglobin血红蛋白Menses月经hemorrhoid 痔疮出血Rifampin利福平beets甜菜blackberries黑莓renal colic 肾绞痛three-glass test 尿三杯试验Urethra尿道Abdominal plain X-ray (routine)腹部平片IVP (intravenous pyelogram)静脉肾盂造影Cystoscopy膀胱镜Retrograde pyelogram逆行肾盂造影plasma oncotic pressure 血浆胶体渗透压intravascular hydrostatic pressure 毛细血管内静水压interstitial tissue tension 组织压myxedema粘液性水肿tibia 胫骨fibula 腓骨ankle 踝pleural effusion 胸腔积液,ascite 腹水cardiovascular edema 心源性水肿nephrologic edema 肾性水肿hepatic edema 肝源性水肿malnutritional edema 营养不良性水肿Filariasis丝虫病Mastectomy乳腺癌手术Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) 局灶性节段性肾小球硬化Autosomal dominant常染色体显性遗传steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome类固醇抗性肾病综合征autosomal recessive常染色体隐性遗传Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 慢性肾病MG微球蛋白Lithium锂Comorbidity疾病Myoglobinuria肌红蛋白尿Polycystic kidney disease多囊肾病（PKD或PCKD，也称为多囊肾综合征）Connective tissue disease，CTD结缔组织病Immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)免疫性血小板减少性紫癜CTX环磷酰胺Microalbuminuria微量白蛋白尿malaria疟疾Multiple myeloma（MM）多发性骨髓瘤Comorbidity合并症Polycystic kidney disease（PDK）多囊肾病Immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)免疫性血小板减少性紫癜Minimal change disease (MCD）微小病变Intravenous pyelography（IVP）静脉肾盂造影Angiomyolipoma（AML）血管平滑肌脂肪瘤IVP Intravenous pyelography, excretory urography排泄性尿路造影retrograde urography逆行性尿路造影abdominal aorography腹主动脉造影selective renal arteriography选择性肾动脉造MRU，MR urography磁共振尿路成像DWI, diffusion weighted image弥散加权成像renal tuberculosis肾结核ureteral tuberculosis输尿管结核Renal cell carcinoma肾细胞癌renal pelvic carcinoma肾盂癌。
系统解剖-泌尿系统-英文版Urinary-System
Multislice CT urogram. Coronal reformat showing the enhancing renal parenchyma and both ureters along their entire length.
Urinary bladder 膀胱
★ Trigone of bladder 膀胱三角
➢ Smooth triangular area at inner surface of the funds of bladder
➢ Formed by internal urethral orifice anteriorly and two ureteric orifices laterally
Kidney 肾
★ Renal sinus 肾窦
➢ The renal hilum extends into a large cavity within the kidney
➢ Contents: Occupied by the renal vessels, minor renal calices, major renal calices, renal pelvis and some adipose tissue
➢ In this area absents submucosal layer, where the mucous membrane is firmly adherent to the muscular coat, and is always smooth
★ Interureteric fold 输尿管间襞
含有ure的单词
含有ure的单词
【原创版】
目录
1.ure 含义及用途
2.常见含有 ure 的单词
3.含有 ure 的单词的例子与用法
4.如何学习和记忆含有 ure 的单词
正文
【1】ure 含义及用途
ure 是一个英文后缀，源自于拉丁语的“uria”，意为“尿液”。
在英语中，ure 后缀通常用于构成与尿液、排尿相关的词汇，以及表示“行为、状态、特征”的抽象概念。
【2】常见含有 ure 的单词
以下是一些常见的含有 ure 的单词：
1.urinate（排尿）
2.urinary（泌尿系统的）
3.urology（泌尿外科）
4.urethra（尿道）
5.urine（尿液）
【3】含有 ure 的单词的例子与用法
1.例子：
- He has the urge to urinate.（他有尿意。
）
- The doctor checked his urine sample.（医生检查了他的尿液样
本。
）
2.用法：
- 含有 ure 的单词通常用于描述与泌尿系统相关的疾病、症状、检查等。
- 在医学领域，这些词汇经常出现，需要熟练掌握。
【4】如何学习和记忆含有 ure 的单词
1.创造联系：将新词与已知的相关词汇联系起来，如“urinate”与“pee”（尿尿）有相似之处。
2.制作单词卡片：将含有 ure 的单词写在卡片上，一面写单词，另一面写释义，随时翻阅记忆。
3.多读多写：通过阅读和书写含有 ure 的单词，将其运用到实际语境中，提高记忆效果。
4.学习词根词缀：了解词根词缀“ure”，有助于理解和记忆相关单词。
泌尿系统(Urinary
3. 皮质: 主要位于 周边。一部分皮 质呈柱状伸入锥 形髓质之间，称 肾柱(Renal column)。 4. 髓质: 位于中央， 由10 ~18个锥体构 成。锥体的底部 向皮质发射出髓 放线(Medullary ray) 将皮质分隔成若 干皮质迷路 (Cortical labyrinth) 。
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2. 致密斑(Macula densa): 来源于远曲小管靠近血 管极一侧的细胞。细胞 柱状，核位于顶部，与 周围的细胞间有突起镶 嵌。该处基膜不完整。 致密斑对尿液中离子浓 度敏感。当Na+浓度过低 时，能刺激球旁细胞释 放肾素，促进远端小管 保Na+排K+。
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3. 球外系膜细胞(Extraglomerular cell): 又叫极垫细胞(Polar cushion cell)。位于致密斑和肾小囊之间，与球旁细胞和血管系 膜细胞之间有缝隙连接。能分泌红细胞生成素(Erythropoietin2)2。
远直小管(Distal straight tubule): 单层立方上皮围城。
远直小管很长，伸 球旁复合体(Juxtaglomerular complex): 位于血管极，又叫肾小球旁器(Juxtaglomerular apparatus)。
血流路径特殊: 有门脉和伴行血管。
入到髓质深层。这 肾小管: 近曲小管 (C) + 近直小管(MR) + 细段(MR) + 远直小管(MR) + 远曲小管(C)。
* 细胞嗜酸性强。 泌尿小管由肾小管和集合管构成。
* 滤过膜(Filtration membrane, 血尿屏障/Filtration barrier): 厚0.
* 细胞大，形态接近柱 球旁复合体(Juxtaglomerular complex): 位于血管极，又叫肾小球旁器(Juxtaglomerular apparatus)。
泌尿系统专业英语
Crystals
结晶
Yeasts
酵母
Casts
管型
Bacteria
细菌
Parasites
真菌
Mucous
黏液丝
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pH
Protein
Glucose
Ketone body 酮体
Bilirubin
尿胆红素
Urobilinogen 尿胆原
Nitrite
亚硝酸盐
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汉语意义
尿
英语意义
输尿管的
Ureteroenteric 输尿管肠的
Ureterocele 输尿管膨出
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汉语意义 膀胱
英语意义
bladder
Vesicoureteral Intravesical Rectovesical 直肠膀胱的 Cystitis Cystoscope
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词根
vesic(o)-, cyst(o)-
Urine volume
尿量
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Cast
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Crystals
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Examination of Urinary Sediments
（沉渣 Microscopy ）
Erythrocyte 红细胞
Leucocyte
白细胞
Epithelial cell 上皮细胞
• acid load test 酸负荷试验
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• Urine sediment 尿沉渣 granular cast 颗粒管型 waxy cast 蜡样管型 fatty cast 脂肪管型 mucous strand 粘液丝
泌尿外科英语
泌尿外科英语词汇泌尿外科学urology 腔道泌尿外科学endourology肾异位renal ectopia, ectopic kidney 肾缺如agenesis of kidney, anephrogenesis孤立肾so litary kidney 肾畸形defo rm ity of kidney肾发育不全renal hypop lasia 肾发育不良renal dysp lasia节段性肾发育不良segmental dysp lasia of kidney 额外肾supernumerary kidney重复肾dup lex kidney, renal dup lication 盘状肾disk kidney融合肾fused kidney 马蹄形肾ho rseshoe kidneyL 形肾L 2shaped kidney 肾下垂neph rop to sis胸内肾tho racic kidney 盆腔肾pelvic kidney游走肾movable kidney, floating kidney S 形肾S2shaped kidney团块肾lump kidney 胎儿肾fetal kidney婴儿肾infantile kidney 单乳头肾unipap illary kidney肾轴性旋转axial ro tation of kidney 肾旋转异常renalmalro tation分叉型肾盂bifid pelvis 肾外型肾盂extrarenal pelvis巨肾盏megacalyx,megacalyco sis 先天性巨肾盏congenitalmegacalyco sis肾盏憩室calyceal diverticulum 肾髓质管扩张medullary ductal ectasia of kidney肾子宫内膜异位症endometrio sis of kidney 肾动静脉瘘renal arteriovenous fistula肾静脉栓塞th rombo sis of renal vein 肾动脉栓塞th rombo sis of renal artery肾动脉狭窄steno sis of renal artery 肾盏静脉瘘calyceal2venous fistula肾盂静脉曲张varix of pelvis 肾囊肿cyst of kidney单纯性肾囊肿simp le cyst of kidney 多囊肾multilocular cyst of kidney, po lycystic kidney先天性肾囊性病congenital renal cystic disease 肾髓质囊性病medullary cystic disease of kidney肾盂源性囊肿pyelogenic cyst 肾钙化囊肿calcified cyst of kidney肾盂旁囊肿parapelvic cyst 肾旁假囊肿pararenal p seudocyst肾周围囊肿perineph ric cyst 肾盂周围囊肿peripelvic cyst肾出血性囊肿hemo rrhagic cyst of kidney 肾小球囊肿病glomerulocystic disease肾损伤injury of kidney 肾挫伤contusion of kidney肾裂伤laceration of kidney 肾破裂rup ture of kidney肾蒂断裂rup ture of renal pedicle 肾穿透伤penetrating injury of kidney肾小管破裂tubulo rrhexis 肾梗死infarction of kidney, renal infarction穹窿静脉瘘fo rnico2venous fistula 肾盂毛细血管扩张症telangiectasis of renal pelvis肾积水hydroneph ro sis 巨大肾积水giant hydroneph ro sis肾内肾积水intrarenal hydroneph ro sis 肾小管反流renal tubular backflow肾盂间质反流pyelo interstitial backflow 肾盂静脉反流pyelovenous backflow肾盂淋巴反流pyelo lymphatic backflow 肾单位肾小球滤过率neph ron glomerular filtration rate腺性肾盂炎pyelitis glandularis 囊性肾盂炎pyelitis cystica气性肾盂肾炎emphysematous pyeloneph ritis 黄色肉芽肿性肾盂肾炎xanthogranulomatous pyeloneph ritis细菌性肾盂肾炎bacterial pyeloneph ritis 肾积脓pyoneph ro sis肾脓肿renal abscess 肾皮质脓肿co rtical abscess of kidney肾皮质坏死co rtical necro sis of kidney 肾髓质坏死medullary necro sis of kidney肾痈renal carbuncle 病理性肾结核patho logical renal tuberculo sis临床肾结核clinical renal tuberculo sis 肾盏结核tuberculo sis of calyx肾结核对侧肾积水renal tuberculo sis w ith contralateral hy2droneph ro sis肾错构瘤hamartoma of kidney, angiomyo lipomaof kidney脓性肾积水pyohydroneph ro sis 肾淀粉样变性amylo ido sis of kidney膀胱淀粉样变性amylo ido sis of bladder 坏死性肾乳头炎necro tizing pap illitis of kidney肾盂白斑病leukop lak ia of renal pelvis 镰状细胞肾病sick le cell neph ropathy海绵肾medullary sponge kidney 急性尿酸盐肾病acute urate neph ropathy肾肿瘤tumo r of kidney 肾良性肿瘤benign renal tumo r肾平滑肌瘤leiomyoma of kidney 肾假性瘤p seudo tumo r of kidney多房性囊性肾瘤multilocular cystic neph roma 肾盂血管瘤hemangioma of renal pelvis肾血管瘤hemangioma of kidney 肾动脉瘤aneurysm of renal artery肾血管外皮细胞瘤renal hemangiopericytoma 肾脂肪瘤lipoma of kidney肾皮质腺瘤renal co rtical adenoma 肾纤维瘤renal fibroma中胚叶肾瘤mesoblastic neph roma 肾淋巴瘤renal lymphoma肾淋巴母细胞瘤renal lymphoblastoma 肾腺瘤adenoma of kidney肾素瘤reninoma, juxtaglomerular cell tumo r 肾门脂肪瘤样病lipomato sis of renal h ilus肾恶性纤维组织细胞瘤malignant fibrous h istiocytoma ofkidney肾盂移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of renalpelvis肾嗜酸细胞瘤renal oncocytoma 肾纤维脂肪瘤样病renal fibro lipomato sis肾神经鞘瘤schwannoma of kidney 肾异种组织肿瘤heterop lastic tissue tumo r of kidney肾窦脂肪瘤样病renal sinus lipomato sis 肾盂肿瘤tumo r of renal pelvis肾盂乳头状瘤pap illoma of renal pelvis 肾癌renal carcinoma肾实质癌carcinoma of renal parenchyma 肾细胞癌renal cell carcinoma肾透明细胞癌clear cell carcinoma of kidney 肾颗粒细胞癌granular cell carcinoma of kidney肾腺癌adenocarcinoma of kidney 肾母细胞瘤W ilm s tumo r, neph roblastoma横纹肌样肾母细胞瘤rhabdomyo idW ilm s tumo r 肾肉瘤sarcoma of kidney肾淋巴肉瘤lympho sarcoma of kidney 肾平滑肌肉瘤leiomyo sarcoma of kidney肾脂肪肉瘤lipo sarcoma of kidney 肾盂癌carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂鳞状细胞癌squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis 肾盂乳头状癌pap illary carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开术neph ro tomy 肾切开取石术neph ro litho tomy肾盂切开术pyelo tomy 肾盂切开取石术pyelo litho tomy凝血块肾盂切开取石术coagulum pyelo litho tomy 扩大的肾盂切开取石术extended pyelo litho tomy非萎缩性肾切开取石术anatroph ic neph ro litho tomy 肾2肾盂造瘘术neph ropyelo stomy 肾切除术neph rectomy 肾部分切除术partial neph rectomy经皮肾造瘘术percutaneous neph ro stomy 肾盂造瘘术pyelo stomy肾造瘘术neph ro stomy 自截肾autoneph rectomy根治性肾切除术radical neph rectomy 包膜下肾切除术subcap sular neph rectomy肾盂输尿管松解术pelviouretero lysis 肾2输尿管切除术neph ro2ureterectomy肾盏成形术calicop lasty 肾固定术neph ropexy肾血管重建术reno2vascular reconstruction 肾离体术bench technique of kidney肾蒂淋巴管剥脱术stripp ing of renal lymphatic vessel 肾门上淋巴结切除术sup rah ilar lymphadenectomy腹膜后淋巴结切除术retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy 脾肾动脉吻合术sp leno2renal arterial anastomo sis肾病灶清除术renal caverno stomy 剖腰探查术exp lo rato ry lumbo tomy肾动脉栓塞术embo lization of renal artery 血管梗塞性肾切除angio infarction2neph rectomy 肾鹿角状结石stagho rn stone of kidney 肾钙斑Randall p laques肾萎缩renal atrophy 肾失用性萎缩disuse atrophy of kidney肾动脉纤维增生病fibrop lasia of renal artery 肾紫癜purpura of kidney迪特尔危象D ietl crisis 血管运动性肾病vasomo to r neph ropathy莱特尔综合征Reiter syndrome 肾小球血流动力学glomerular hemodynam ics输尿管扩张dilatation of ureter, ureterectasis 输尿管发育不良ureteral dysp lasia巨输尿管megaloureter 发育不良性巨输尿管dysp lastic megaloureter输尿管畸形defo rm ity of ureter 输尿管闭锁atresia of ureter先天性异位输尿管congenital ectop ic ureter 重复输尿管dup lication of ureter重复肾盂dup lication of pelvis 分叉型输尿管bifid ureter输尿管口异位ectop ia of ureteral o rifice 输尿管发育不全ureteral hypop lasia远段输尿管不发育distal ureteral ap lasia 输尿管缺如agenesis of ureter腔静脉后输尿管retrocaval ureter 髂动脉后输尿管retro iliac ureter, p reureteral iliac artery输尿管脱垂p ro lap se of ureter, ureterocele 盲端异位输尿管膨出blind ectop ic ureterocele正常位输尿管膨出o rtho top ic ureterocele 输尿管憩室diverticulum of ureter输尿管积水hydroureter 输尿管肾盂连接处梗阻obstruction at ureteropelvic junction先天性巨输尿管congenitalmegaloureter 反流性巨输尿管reflux megaloureter输尿管损伤injury of ureter 输尿管肠瘘uretero2enteric fistula输尿管瘘ureteral fistula 输尿管阴道瘘uretero2vaginal fistula输尿管炎ureteritis 输尿管周围炎periureteritis囊性输尿管炎ureteritis cystica 颗粒性输尿管炎ureteritis granulo sa输尿管结核tuberculo sis of ureter 输尿管白斑病leukop lak ia of ureter输尿管梅毒syph ilis of ureter 输尿管放线菌病actinomyco sis of ureter输尿管息肉po lyp of ureter 输尿管肿瘤tumo r of ureter输尿管乳头状瘤pap illoma of ureter 输尿管癌carcinoma of ureter输尿管移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of ureter 输尿管乳头状癌pap illary carcinoma of ureter输尿管切开术uretero tomy 输尿管皮肤造瘘术cutaneous uretero stomy输尿管松解术uretero lysis 输尿管切开取石术uretero litho tomy输尿管造瘘术uretero stomy 输尿管口切开术ureteralmeato tomy输尿管2肠2皮肤尿流改道术uretero2enterocutaneous diversion 输尿管回肠皮肤尿流改道[术]uretero ileal cutaneous diversion断离性肾盂输尿管成形术dismembered ureteropelviop lasty 输尿管袢造瘘术loop uretero stomy输尿管肾盂吻合术ureteroneopyelo stomy 输尿管成形术ureterop lasty输尿管空肠皮肤尿流改道术uretero jejunal cutaneous diversion 输尿管乙状结肠吻合术uretero sigmo ido stomy, uretero sigmo idanastomo sis输尿管切除术ureterectomy 输尿管结肠吻合术uretero2co lic anastomo sis输尿管输尿管吻合术ureterouretero stomy 输尿管膀胱吻合术ureteroneocysto stomy回盲肠皮肤尿流改道术ileocecal cutaneous diversion 输尿管皮肤尿流改道术uretero2cutaneous diversion阑尾输尿管成形术appendix ureterop lasty 输尿管腹膜包裹术uretero2peritonization输尿管移植[术] transp lantation of ureter 输尿管结石calculus of ureter输尿管梗阻ureteral obstruction 输尿管狭窄stricture of ureter输尿管肾盂连接处狭窄stricture of uretero2pelvic junction 输尿管口狭窄stricture of uretero2vesical o rifice输尿管绞痛ureteral co lic 巨输尿管2巨膀胱综合征megaloureter2megalocystis syndrome输尿管子宫内膜异位症endometrio sis of ureter 大网膜输尿管成形术omentoureterop lasty 膀胱畸形defo rm ity of bladder 重复膀胱dup lication of bladder膀胱缺如agenesis of bladder 膀胱闭锁atresia of bladder, atretocystia膀胱膨出cystocele, vesicocele 膀胱脱垂p ro lap se of bladder膀胱外翻exstrophy of bladder 膀胱憩室diverticulum of bladder膀胱假性憩室false diverticulum of bladder 膀胱输尿管反流vesicoureteral reflux膀胱静脉曲张varix of bladder 膀胱损伤injury of bladder膀胱挫伤contusion of bladder 膀胱破裂rup ture of bladder腹膜内膀胱破裂intraperitoneal rup ture of bladder 腹膜外膀胱破裂extraperitoneal rup ture of bladder膀胱瘘vesical fistula 膀胱肠瘘vesicoenteric fistula膀胱直肠瘘vesico rectal fistula 膀胱阴道瘘vesicovaginal fistula膀胱输尿管瘘vesicoureteral fistula 膀胱子宫瘘vesicouterine fistula细菌性膀胱炎bacterial cystitis 非特异性膀胱炎nonspecific cystitis间质性膀胱炎interstitial cystitis 非细菌性膀胱炎nonbacterial cystitis变应性膀胱炎allergic cystitis 气性膀胱炎emphysematous cystitis腺性膀胱炎glandular cystitis 化学性膀胱炎chem ical cystitis膀胱坏疽gangrene of bladder 坏疽性膀胱炎gangrenous cystitis淋巴滤泡性膀胱炎lympho2fo llicular cystitis 滤泡性膀胱炎fo llicular cystitis碱性痂块膀胱炎alkaline incrusted cystitis 膀胱三角区炎trigonitis膀胱疱疹herpes of bladder 膀胱真菌病myco sis of bladder念珠菌膀胱炎candida cystitis 膀胱梅毒syph ilis of bladder膀胱结核tuberculo sis of bladder 膀胱白斑病leukop lak ia of bladder囊性膀胱炎钙质沉着cystitis cystica calcino sa 膀胱肿瘤tumo r of bladder膀胱腺瘤adenoma of bladder 膀胱乳头状瘤pap illoma of bladder膀胱乳头状瘤病pap illomato sis of bladder 膀胱内翻性乳头状瘤inverted pap illoma of bladder膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤pheoch romocytoma of bladder 膀胱血管瘤hemangioma of bladder膀胱肌瘤myoma of bladder 膀胱癌carcinoma of bladder膀胱乳头状癌pap illary carcinoma of bladder 膀胱原位癌bladder carcinoma in situ膀胱平滑肌瘤leiomyoma of bladder 膀胱平滑肌肉瘤leiomyo sarcoma of bladder膀胱间质瘤mesenchymal tumo r of bladder 膀胱移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱鳞状细胞癌squamous cell carcinoma of bladder 膀胱葡萄状肉瘤bo tryo id sarcoma of bladder膀胱淋巴肉瘤lympho sarcoma of bladder 膀胱肉瘤sarcoma of bladder膀胱腺癌adenocarcinoma of bladder 膀胱结石vesical calculus膀胱憩室结石calculus in diverticulum of bladder 膀胱碎石洗出术vesical litho lapaxy经尿道膀胱颈切开术transureth ral vesical neck incision 耻骨上膀胱针刺吸引术sup rapubic needle asp iration of bladder耻骨上膀胱造口术sup rapubic cysto stomy 耻骨上膀胱切开取石术sup rapubic cysto litho tomy膀胱憩室切除术vesical diverticulectomy 膀胱切开取石术cysto lithectomy, cysto litho tomy膀胱皮肤造口术cutaneous vesico stomy, cutaneouscysto stomy可控性回肠膀胱术continent ileal reservo ir, continentileo stomy, Kock pouch膀胱切除术cystectomy 膀胱部分切除术partial cystectomy膀胱全切除术to tal cystectomy 根治性膀胱切除术radical cystectomy膀胱尿道吻合术vesicoureth ral anastomo sis 经皮膀胱造口术percutaneous cysto stomy膀胱灌注irrigation of bladder 膀胱颈部Y2V 成形术Y2V p lasty of bladder neck经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术transureth ral resection of bladder tumo r 尿流改道术diversion of urine, urinary diversion外尿流改道术external urinary diversion 回肠造口术ileo stomy回肠膀胱术ileal conduit,Bricker operation 乙状结肠膀胱sigmo id conduit乙状结肠膀胱扩大术sigmo id augmentation cystop lasty,sigmo id cystop lasty回肠膀胱扩大术ileum augmentation cystop lasty, ileo2cystop lasty膀胱三角区乙状结肠吻合术trigono sigmo ido stomy 膀胱三角及输尿管间嵴肥大hypertrophy of trigone and interuretericridge回肠膀胱尿流改道术ileal conduit diversion 稳定性膀胱stable bladder直肠膀胱2结肠腹壁造口术rectal bladder and abdom inal co lo stomy 盲肠膀胱扩大术cecum augmentation cystop lasty,cecalcystop lasty髂腹股沟淋巴结切除术ilio inguinal lymphadenectomy 膀胱前列腺切除术cystop ro statectomy膀胱紫癜purpura of bladder 膀胱小梁形成trabeculation of bladder膀胱异物fo reign body in bladder 膀胱子宫内膜异位症endometrio sis of bladder膀胱挛缩contracture of bladder 先天性膀胱颈挛缩congenital contracture of bladder neck尿道畸形defo rm ity of ureth ra 尿道狭窄ureth ral stricture尿道口狭窄meatal steno sis 尿道瓣膜ureth ral valve尿道发育不全hypop lastic ureth ra 巨尿道megaloureth ra尿道膨出ureth rocele 尿道上裂ep ispadias尿道下裂hypo spadias 尿道憩室ureth ral diverticulum女性尿道下裂female hypo spadias 尿道闭锁atresia of ureth ra重复尿道dup lication of ureth ra 棱状巨尿道fusifo rm megaloureth ra尿道损伤injury of ureth ra 尿道皮肤瘘ureth rocutaneous fistula尿道瘘ureth ral fistula 外伤性尿道瘘traumatic ureth ral fistula尿道直肠瘘ureth ro2rectal fistula 尿瘘urinary fistula尿道阴道瘘ureth ro2vaginal fistula 尿道异物fo reign body in ureth ra尿性囊肿urinoma 尿道结石calculus of ureth ra女性尿道囊肿ureth ral cyst in female 压力性尿失禁stress incontinence神经源性膀胱neurogenic bladder 神经性膀胱nervous bladder机械性尿路梗阻mechanical obstruction of urinary tract 尿道球腺疾病diseases of Cowper gland尿道综合征ureth ral syndrome 尿道扩张ureth ral sounding尿道丝状探子ureth ral filifo rm 尿道炎ureth ritis尿道球腺炎cowperitis 细菌性尿道炎bacterial ureth ritis非特异性尿道炎nonspecific ureth ritis 淋菌性尿道炎gonococcal ureth ritis非淋菌性尿道炎non2gonococcal ureth ritis 尿道球腺脓肿abscess of Cowper gland滴虫性尿道膀胱炎trichomonal ureth ro2cystitis 尿道周围脓肿periureth ral abscess衣原体性尿道炎ch lamydial ureth ritis 支原体性尿道炎mycop lasmal ureth ritis尿道尖锐湿疣condylomata acum inata of ureth ra 尿道结核tuberculo sis of ureth ra尿道球腺结核tuberculo sis of Cowper gland 尿道肿瘤tumo r of ureth ra尿道肉阜ureth ral caruncle 尿道腺瘤adenoma of ureth ra尿道息肉po lyp of ureth ra 女性尿道纤维息肉fibrous po lyp s of female ureth ra尿道血管瘤hemangioma of ureth ra 尿道口血管瘤angioma of ureth ralmeatus尿道球腺囊肿cyst of Cowper gland 尿道球腺肿瘤tumo r of Cowper gland尿道癌carcinoma of ureth ra 尿道腺癌adenocarcinoma of ureth ra女性后天性尿道粘膜包涵囊肿acquired inclusion cyst of ureth ralep ithelium of female尿道球腺腺癌adenocarcinoma of bulboureth ral gland尿道刀ureth ro tome 尿道成形术ureth rop lasty尿道口切开术ureth ralmeato tomy 尿道口成形术ureth ralmeatop lasty经尿道尿道瓣膜切除术transureth ral resection of ureth ral valve 压力性尿失禁悬吊术sling p rocedure fo r stress incontinence尿道折叠术p lication operation of ureth ra 套入法尿道成形术Badenoch ureth rop lasty尿道膀胱悬吊术M arshall2M archetti2Kranz p rocedure,ureth rovesicopexy经尿道男性尿道癌切除术transureth ral resection of male ureth ralcarcinoma经尿道外括约肌切开术transureth ral sph inctero tomy 尿道口前移阴茎头成形术meatal advancement and glandular p lasty尿道会师手术reconstruction of rup tured ureth ra byBank method斯塔米尿道悬吊术Stamey p rocedure fo r stress urinary in2continence尿道狭窄扩张术dilatation of ureth ral stricture 尿道切开术ureth ro tomy尿道切除术ureth rectomy 尿道外切开术external ureth ro tomy尿道内切开术internal ureth ro tomy 尿道前移术ureth ral advancement尿流改道复原术urinary undiversion 约翰松尿道成形术Johanson ureth rop lasty尿道膀胱吻合[术] ureth rovesical anastomo sis 下丘脑2垂体2性腺轴hypo thalam ic2p ituitary2gonadal axis下丘脑2垂体2睾丸轴hypo thalam ic2p ituitary2testicular axis 下丘脑2垂体轴hypo thalam ic2p ituitary axis类脂性肾上腺增生lipo id adrenal hyperp lasia 纳尔逊综合征N elson syndrome肾上腺切除术adrenalectomy 肾上腺剩余肿瘤adrenal rest tumo r肾上腺髓质增生症adrenalmedulla hyperp lasia 嗜铬细胞瘤pheoch romocytoma皮质醇增生症hyperco rtiso lism 原发性醛固酮[增多]症p rimary aldo steronism非肾上腺性女性假两性畸形nonadrenal female p seudoherma2ph roditism肾上腺非功能性皮质腺瘤nonfunctional adrenoco rtical adenoma肾上腺[性]性征综合征adrenogenital syndrome 前列腺囊肿cyst of p ro state前列腺损伤injury of p ro state 前列腺静脉丛Santo rini venous p lexus前列腺病p ro stato sis 前列腺增生[症] hyperp lasia of p ro state变应性前列腺病allergic p ro stato sis 前列腺按摩massage of p ro state经尿道前列腺切除综合征transureth ral p ro static resectionsyndrome血清前列腺酸性磷酸酶p ro static fraction of serum acid pho s2phatase慢性前列腺纤维化ch ronic fibro sis of p ro state 前列腺液溢p ro stato rrhea前列腺痛症p ro statodynia 前列腺素p ro staglandin前列腺炎p ro statitis 细菌性前列腺炎bacterial p ro statitis放线菌性前列腺炎actinomyco tic p ro statitis 寄生虫性前列腺炎parasitic p ro statitis肉芽肿性前列腺炎granulomatous p ro statitis 淋菌性前列腺炎gonococcal p ro statitis滴虫性前列腺炎trichomonal p ro statitis 前列腺梅毒syph ilis of p ro state前列腺结核tuberculo sis of p ro state, tuberculousp ro statitis前列腺精囊包虫病ech inococcus disease of p ro state andsem inal vesicle前列腺脓肿abscess of p ro state 前列腺结石calculus of p ro state前列腺肿瘤tumo r of p ro state 前列腺腺瘤p ro static adenoma前列腺子宫内膜样癌endometrio id carcinoma of p ro state 前列腺淋巴肉瘤lympho sarcoma of p ro state前列腺癌肉瘤carcino sarcoma of p ro state 前列腺管内腺癌intraductal adenocarcinoma of p ro state前列腺腺癌adenocarcinoma of p ro state 前列腺肉瘤sarcoma of p ro state前列腺癌carcinoma of p ro state 前列腺移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of p ro state前列腺切除术p ro statectomy 耻骨上前列腺切除术sup rapubic p ro statectomy耻骨后前列腺切除术retropubic p ro statectomy 经尿道前列腺切除[术] transureth ral p ro static resection经尿道前列腺切开[术] transureth ral incision of p ro state 外生殖器汗腺腺瘤syringoma of external genitalia经会阴前列腺切除术perineal p ro statectomy 经会阴前列腺全切除术to tal perineal p ro statectomy前列腺冷冻术cryo surgery of p ro state 根治性前列腺切除术radical p ro statectomy电切镜resecto scope 尿路上皮肿瘤uro thelial tumo r泌尿生殖膈urogenital diaph ragm 尿路病变uropathy尿路上皮uro thelium 尿路感染urinary tract infection尿路梗阻urinary tract obstruction 泌尿系异物fo reign body in urinary system泌尿生殖器外伤genitourinary trauma 泌尿生殖系统urogenital system泌尿生殖系软斑病malakop lak ia of genitourinary system 泌尿生殖系变应性疾病allergic diseases of genitourinary system泌尿生殖系寄生虫病parasito sis of genitourinary system 泌尿系子宫内膜异位症endometrio sis of urinary system泌尿生殖系X 线照相术roentgenography of genitourinary system 泌尿生殖窦urogenital sinus 精囊囊肿cyst of sem inal vesicle 精液囊肿sem inal cyst, spermatocele精索皮样囊肿dermo id cyst of spermatic co rd 输精管缺如absence of vas deferens重复输精管dup lication of vas deferens 精索扭转to rsion of spermatic co rd输精管畸形defo rm ity of vas deferens 精索静脉曲张varicocele泌尿外科学urology孤立肾Solitary kidney重复肾Renal duplication, duplex kidney游走肾Movable kidney肾静脉栓塞Thrombosis of renal vein肾动脉狭窄Stenosis of renal artery单纯肾囊肿Simple cyst of kidney先天性肾囊性疾病Congenital renal cystic disease肾盂旁囊肿Parapelvic cyst肾损伤Injury of kidney肾裂伤Laceration of kidney肾蒂断裂Rupture of renal pedicle肾积水Hydronephrosis肾脓肿Renal abscess临床肾结核Clinical renal tuberculosis腔内泌尿外科学Endourology肾畸形Deformity of kidney马蹄形肾Horseshoe kidney肾下垂Nephroptosis肾外型肾盂Extrarenal pelvis肾旋转异常Renal malrotation肾动静脉瘘Renal arteriovenous fistula肾动脉栓塞Thrombosis of renal artery肾囊肿Cyst of kidney多囊肾Polycystic kidney肾挫伤Contusion of kidney肾破裂Rupture of kidney肾穿透伤Penetrating injury of kidney肾梗塞Renal infarction巨大肾积水Giant hydronephrosis肾积脓pyonephrosis病理性肾结核Pathological renal tuberculosis肾结核对侧肾积水Renal tuberculosis with Controlateral hydronephrosis 海绵肾Medullary sponge kidney肾肿瘤Tumor of kidney肾皮质腺瘤Renal cortical adenoma肾盂乳头状瘤Papilloma of renal pelvis肾实质癌Carcinoma of renal parenchyma肾透明细胞癌Clear cell carcinoma of kidney肾腺癌Adenocarcinoma of kidney肾鳞状细胞癌Squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开术Nephrotomy肾盂切开术Pyelotomy肾切除术Nephrectomy经皮肾造瘘术Percutanous nephrostomy肾造瘘术Nephrostomy根治性肾切除术Radical nephrectomy肾盂输尿管松解术Pelvioureterolysis腹膜后淋巴结切除术Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy肾动脉栓塞术Embolization of renal artery肾鹿角状结石Staghorn stone of kidney肾萎缩Renal atrophy输尿管扩张Dilatation of ureter巨输尿管Megaloureter输尿管畸形Deformity of ureter重复肾盂Duplication of pelvis输尿管开口异位Ectopia of ureteral orifice腔静脉后输尿管Retrocaval ureter输尿管脱垂Ureterocele正常位输尿管膨出Orthotopic ureterocele肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤Hamartoma of kidney，Angiomyolipoma 肾良性肿瘤Binign renal tumor肾脂肪瘤Lipoma of kidney肾纤维瘤Renal fibroma肾腺瘤Adenoma of kidney肾盂移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂肿瘤tumor of renal pelvis肾癌renal carcinoma肾细胞癌renal cell carcinoma肾颗粒细胞癌granular cell carcinoma of kidney肾母细胞瘤wilms tumor，nephroblastoma肾肉瘤sarcoma of kidney肾盂癌carcinoma of renal pelvis肾盂乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of renal pelvis肾切开取石术nephrolithotomy肾盂切开取石术pyelolithotomy肾-肾盂造瘘术nephropyelostomy肾部分切除术partial nephrectomy肾盂造瘘术pyelostomy肾自截autonephrectomy包膜下肾切除术subcapsular nephrectomy肾输尿管切除术nephro-ureterectomy肾固定术nephropexy剖腰探查术exploratory lumbotomy重复输尿管duplication of ureter输尿管积水hydroureter输尿管损伤injury of ureter输尿管瘘ureteral fistula输尿管结核tubculosis of ureter输尿管乳头状瘤papilloma of ureter输尿管移行细胞癌transitional cell carcinoma of ureter输尿管切开术ureterotomy输尿管松解术ureterolysis输尿管造瘘术ureterostomy输尿管-肠-皮肤尿流改道术uretero-enterocutaneous diversion 离断性肾盂输尿管成形术dismembered ureteropelvioplasty 输尿管肾盂吻合术ureteroneopyelostomy输尿管切除术ureterectomy输尿管输尿管吻合术ureteroureterostomy阑尾输尿管成形术appendix ureteroplasty输尿管移植术transplantation of ureter输尿管梗阻ureteral obstruction肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄stricture of uretero-pelvic junction输尿管痛ureteral colic膀胱憩室diverticulum of bladder膀胱挫伤contusion of bladder腹膜内膀胱破裂intraperitoneal rupture of bladder膀胱瘘vesical fistula细菌性膀胱炎bacterial cystitis膀胱结核tuberculosis of bladder膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma of bladder膀胱乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of bladder输尿管肾盂交接处梗阻obstruction at ureteropelvic junction 先天性巨输尿管congenital megaloureter反流性巨输尿管reflux megaloureter输尿管肠瘘uretero-enteric fistula输尿管肿瘤tumor of ureter输尿管癌carcinoma of ureter输尿管乳头状癌papillary carcinoma of ureter输尿管皮肤造瘘术cutaneous ureterostomy输尿管切开取石术ureterolithotomy输尿管口切开术ureteral meatotomy输尿管回肠皮肤尿流改道术ureteroileal cutaneous diversion输尿管回肠吻合术ureterosigmoidostomy，ureterosigmoid anastomosis输尿管结肠吻合术uretero-colic anastomosis输尿管膀胱吻合术ureteroneocystostomy输尿管皮肤尿流改道术uretero-cutaneous diversion输尿管结石calculus of ureter输尿管狭窄stricture of ureter输尿管口狭窄stricture of uretero-vesical orifice膀胱输尿管反流vesicoureteral reflux膀胱损伤injury of bladder膀胱破裂rupture of bladder膀胱腹膜外破裂extraperitoneal rupture of bladder膀胱阴道瘘vesicovaginal fistula膀胱肿瘤tumor of bladder膀胱乳头状瘤papilloma of bladder膀胱癌carcinoma of bladder膀胱原位癌bladder carcinoma in situ膀胱移行细胞瘤transitional cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of bladder膀胱腺癌adenocarcinoma of bladder膀胱憩室内结石calculus in diverticulum of bladder经尿道膀胱颈切开术transurethral vesical neck incision耻骨上膀胱造口术suprapubic cystostomy膀胱憩室切除术vesical diverticulectomy膀胱切除术cystectomy膀胱全切除术total cystectomy膀胱尿道吻合术vesicourethral anastomosis膀胱灌注irrigation of bladder经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术transurethral resection of bladder tumor 回肠膀胱术ileal conduit, Bricker operation乙状结肠膀胱扩大术sigmoid augumentation cystoplasty回肠膀胱尿流改道术ileal conduit diversion髂腹股沟淋巴结切除术ilioinquinal lymphadenectomy膀胱异物foreign body in bladder膀胱孪缩contracture of bladder尿道口狭窄meatal stenosis尿道下裂hypospadias尿道损伤injury of urethra尿道瘘urethral fistula尿道直肠瘘urethro-rectal fistula尿道阴道瘘urethro-vaginal fistula神经源性膀胱neurogenic bladder尿道机械性梗阻mechanical obstruction of urinary tract尿道综合症urethral syndrome非淋菌性尿道炎non-gonococcal urethritis衣原体性尿道炎chlamydial urethritis尿道尖锐湿疣condylomata acuminata of urethra尿道肉阜urethral caruncle尿道息肉polyp of urethra尿道球腺囊肿cyst of cowper gland尿道癌carcinoma of urethra膀胱肉瘤sarcoma of bladder膀胱结石vesical calculus耻骨上膀胱穿刺吸引术suprapubic needle aspiration of bladder耻骨上膀胱切开取石术suprapubic cystolithotomy膀胱切开取石术cystolithotomy, cystolithectomy膀胱部分切除术partial cystectomy根治性膀胱切除术radical cystectomy可控性回肠膀胱术continent ileal reservoir, kock pouch经皮膀胱造口术percutanous cystostomy尿流改道术diversion of urine, urinary diversion回肠膀胱扩大术Ileum augmentation cystoplasty，ileo-cystoplasty 膀胱前列腺切除术cystoprostatectomy尿道狭窄urethral stricture尿道瓣膜urethral valve尿道憩室urethral diverticulum尿道皮肤瘘urethrocutaneous fistula尿道皮肤瘘urethrocutaneous fistula尿道瘘urinary fistula尿道异物foreign body in urethra尿道结石calculus of urethra压力性尿失禁stress incontinence神经性膀胱nervous bladder尿道探子urethral sounding尿道炎urethritis细菌性尿道炎bacterial urethritis淋菌性尿道炎gonococcal urethritis尿道结核tuberculosis of urethra尿道肿瘤tumor of urethra尿道口切开术urethral meatotomy经尿道尿道瓣膜切除术transurethral resection of urethral valve尿道膀胱固定术urethrovesicopexy经尿道外括约肌切开术transurethral sphincterotomy尿道会师术reconstruction of ruptured urethra by Bank method尿道狭窄扩张术dilatation of urethral stricture尿道切除术urethrectomy尿道内切开术internal urethrotomy肾上腺切除术adrenalectomy皮质醇增生症hypercortisolism经尿道前列腺切除综合症transurethral prostatic resection syndrome 慢性前列腺纤维化chronic fibrosis of prostate前列腺炎prostatitis前列腺肿瘤tumor of prostate前列腺腺癌adenocarcinoma of prostate前列腺癌carcinoma of prostate前列腺切除术prostatectomy耻骨后前列腺切除术retropubic prostatectomy经尿道前列腺切开术transurethral incision of prostate电切镜resectoscope泌尿生殖隔urogenital diaphragm尿路上皮urothelium尿路梗阻urinary tract obstruction泌尿生殖器外伤genitourinary trauma尿道成形术urethroplasty尿道口成形术urethral meatoplasty压力性尿失禁悬吊术sling procedure for stress incontinence尿道口前移阴茎头成形术meatal advancement and glandular plasty 尿道前移术urethral advancement嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma原发性醛固酮增生症primary aldosteronism肾上腺非功能性皮脂腺瘤nonfunctional adrenocortical adenoma前列腺增生症hyperplasia of prostate前列腺按摩message of prostate细菌性前列腺炎bacterial prostatitis淋菌性前列腺炎gonococcal prostatitis耻骨上前列腺切除术suprapubic prostatectomy经尿道前列腺切除术transurethral prostatic resection根治性前列腺切除术radical prostatectomy尿路上皮肿瘤urothlial tumor尿路感染urinary tract infection泌尿生殖系统urogenital system精液囊肿seminal cyst, spermatocele精索扭转torsion of spermatic cord精索静脉曲张varicocele精囊炎seminal vesiculitis输精管结核tuberculosis of vas deferens精囊切除术seminal vesiculectomy输精管结扎术vasoligation输精管输精管吻合术vasovasostomy阴囊挫伤contusion of scrotum阴囊肿瘤tumor of scrotum睾丸鞘膜积液hydrocele of testis先天性鞘膜积液congenital hydrocele混合型鞘膜积液combination hydrocele脐尿管urachus脐尿管瘘fistula of urachus脐尿管囊肿urachal cyst脐尿管疾病dieases of urachus脐尿管癌carcinoma of urachus包茎phimosis小阴茎micropenis阴茎挫伤contusion of penis输精管切除术vasectomy精液囊肿切除术spermatocelectomy生殖器疱疹genital herpes交通性鞘膜积液communicating hydrocele阴囊血肿hematoma of scrotum脐尿管腺癌adenocarcinoma of urachus阴茎折断fracture of penis嵌顿包茎paraphimosis阴茎损伤injury of penis阴茎血肿hematoma of penis包皮变应性水肿allergic edema of prepuce包皮垢smegma阴茎勃起erection of penis阴茎纤维性海绵体炎fibrous cavernositis of penis 阴茎血管瘤penile angioma阴茎癌carcinoma of penis阴茎鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of penis 包皮背侧切开术dorsal slit of prepuce阴茎切除术penectomy阴茎再造术reconstruction of penis睾丸发育不全hypoplasia of testis睾丸下降不全incomplete orchiocatabasis回缩睾丸retracted testis克兰费尔特综合症klinefelter syndrome睾丸萎缩atrophy of testis睾丸挫伤contusion of testis死精症necrospermia睾酮testosterone阳萎impotence睾丸炎orchitis腮腺炎性睾丸炎mumps orchitis睾丸精原细胞瘤seminoma of testis睾丸非生殖细胞瘤non-germinal cell tumor of testis 睾丸生殖细胞瘤germinal cell tumor of testis睾丸癌carcinoma of testis睾丸畸胎瘤teratocarcinoma of testis睾丸绒毛膜瘤choriocarcinoma of testis睾丸切除术orchiectomy附睾炎epididymitis附睾肿瘤tumor of epididymis包皮过长redundant prepuce阴茎肿瘤tumor of penis阴茎癌前期病precancerous lesion of penis阴茎鳞状细胞瘤squamous cell carcinoma of penis包皮环切术circumcision阴茎截断术amputation of penis人工阴茎penile prosthesis睾丸附件testicular adnexa隐睾症cryptorchidism睾丸损伤injury of testis早泄prospermia，premature ejaculation血管性阳痿vasculogenic impotence附睾睾丸炎epididymo-orchitis睾丸肿瘤tumor of testis非精原细胞瘤non seminoma睾丸畸胎瘤teratoma of testis睾丸胚胎癌embryonal carcinoma of testis附睾结核tubculosis of epididymis附睾腺瘤adenoma of epididymis遗尿症enuresis尿流中断interruption of urinary stream排尿困难difficulty of urination漏尿leakage of urination充溢性尿失禁overflow incontinence尿末滴沥terminal dribbling尿毒症uremia男性泌尿生殖系结核tuberculosis of male genital-urinary system 肾血管性高血压renal vascular hypertension血性精液hemospermia无精子症azoospermia逆行射精retrograde ejaculation不育sterility尿流率测定uroflometry尿道抬举试验marshall-marchetti test经尿道活检transurethral biopsy经会阴活检transperineal biopsy排泄性尿路造excretory urography,intravenous pyelography肾盂输尿管造影术pyeloureterography肾血管造影术renal angiography经皮肾动脉造影术seldinger technique of renal angiography肾静脉造影术renal venography顺行肾盂造影术antegrade pyelography肾盂镜检查术pyeloscopy输尿管镜检查术ureteroscopy逆行膀胱造影术retrograde cystography排泄性膀胱造影术excretory cystography附睾切除术epididymectomy夜间遗尿症nocturnal enuresis排尿反射micturition reflex排尿犹豫hesitancy in urination尿外渗urinary extravasation假性尿失禁false incontinence女性尿失禁female incontinence剩余尿residual urine结晶尿crystalluria肾小球性血尿glomerular hematuria排尿指数micturition index遗精nocturnal emission精子减少[症] oligospermia手淫masturbation泌尿外科检查urologic examination尿流动力学检查urodynamic study膀胱测压cystometry夜间阴茎勃起试验nocturnal penile tumescence test经直肠活检transrectal biopsy尿道造影[术] urography逆行肾盂造影术retrograde urography，retrograde pyelography 肾动脉造影术renal arteriography选择性肾动脉造影术selected renal arteriography经股静脉插管transfemoral catheterization of femoral vein腹主-肾动脉造影术abdominal aorto-renal arteriography经尿道输尿管肾盂镜检查术transurethral ureteropeyloscopy 输尿管肾镜ureterorenoscope输尿管肾盂造影术ureteropyelography膀胱造影术cystography膀胱尿道造影术cysto-urethrography膀胱冲洗法bladder washout method膀胱镜cystoscope逆行尿道造影术retrograde urethrography尿道镜urethroscope导尿术urethral catheterization，catheterization输精管造影术vasography阴茎海绵体造影术cavernosography肾图renography液电碎石术electrohydraulic lithotripsy经皮肾镜取石术percutaneous nephrolithotomy性行为sexual behavior性功能sexual function男性不育症male infertility精液semen高肾素型高血压high renin hypertension多尿型肾衰竭polyuric renal failure。
urinate词根
urinate词根Urinate是一个动词，原意是指排尿的过程。
这个词与许多医学术语和科技术语相关。
以下是与urinate相关的15个词以及它们的含义：1. Urinary system：泌尿系统，由肾脏、尿管、膀胱和尿道组成，负责人体排泄废物。
2. Polyuria：多尿，指每天排出的尿量超过正常标准。
3. Oliguria：少尿，指每天排出的尿量与正常相比减少。
4. Anuria：无尿，指尿量明显减少或完全停止排尿，常见于急性肾衰竭等疾病。
5. Incontinence：失禁，指无法控制排尿的情况，导致尿液无意中流失。
6. Enuresis：遗尿，指成年人在睡眠时无法控制排尿。
7. Cystitis：膀胱炎，是泌尿系统一种较常见的病症，由细菌感染引起。
8. Prostate gland：前列腺，是男性生殖系统中一个位于膀胱下部的腺体，主要分泌精液。
9. Urethra：尿道，是一条管道，贯穿男女生殖器官，负责引导尿液从体内排出。
10. Nocturia：夜尿，指晚上需要起床排尿的次数增多，是一种常见老年人疾病。
11. Urolithiasis：尿道结石症，是指尿路内形成的结石，主要症状为腰痛、尿管绞痛和尿频等。
12. Hematuria：血尿，是指尿液中出现血液，可能由尿路感染或炎症、结石或肿瘤等多种原因引起。
13. Diuresis：利尿，是指通过药物或其他方式促进尿液排出，提高尿量的过程。
14. Urinalysis：尿液分析，是通过检查尿液中的化学指标和显微镜下的形态学等方式，诊断相关疾病的方法。
15. Micturition：撒尿，是指排尿的过程，包括膀胱收缩和尿道张开等生理反应。
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泌尿系统英文单词本页仅作为文档页封面，使用时可以删除This document is for reference only-rar21year.Marchhilus肾门ureter pelvis肾盂major/minor calyces肾大小盏labyrinths皮质迷路pyramids肾椎体renal papillae乳头area cribrosa筛孔区Renal corpuscles肾小体Afferent arteriole入球Efferent arteriole出球Glomerulus肾血管球Bowman's capsule鲍曼氏囊; 肾小球囊podocytes足细胞heparan肝素Ln层粘连蛋白entactin巢蛋白mesangium血管系膜mesangial cell系膜细胞pedicels足突nephrin裂孔膜蛋白Filtration membrane滤过膜distal tubule远端小管principle(主、亮) Cintercalated (闰、暗) CCollecting tubule 集合小管interstitial cell间质细胞Transitional epithelium变移上皮Facet cell盖细胞Lamina propria固有层Muscular layer肌层Adventicia外膜serosa浆膜fibrosa纤维膜intermediate mesoderm间介中胚层Nephrogenic cord 生肾索Urogenital ridges 尿生殖嵴pronephros 前肾mesonephros中肾gonad性腺mesonephric ridge中肾嵴gonodal ridge生殖腺嵴urogenital ridge尿生殖嵴cloacal cavity泄殖腔Ureteric bud输尿管芽Metanephrogenic blastema生后肾原基ventral hilum 腹侧肾门inside hilum内侧肾门Congenital anomalies 泌尿畸形Ectopic kidneys 异位肾Unilateral renal agenesis单侧肾缺如Bilateral renal agenesis双侧肾缺如Horseshoe kidney马蹄肾inferior mesenteric A肠系膜下动脉、Duplicated ureters双输尿管与双肾Double kidneys 双肾Cystic kidney肾囊肿、多囊肾Fused kidney肾融合Malrotation旋转异常Urachal anomalies脐尿管异常urachal cyst 脐尿管囊肿urachal sinus 脐尿管窦urachal fistula 脐尿瘘Ecotopic ureteric opening 输尿管开口异常ventibule尿失禁Hypospadia尿道下裂Bowman’s capsule肾球囊size-dependent barrier function分子大小依赖的屏障charge-dependent barrier function电荷依赖的屏障Glomerulonephritis (GN）肾小球肾炎PAS碘酸SchiffPASM过碘酸六胺银Acute nephritic syndrome急性肾炎综合征Rapidly progressive GN syndrome急进性肾炎综合征nephrotic syndrome肾病综合征hypoalbuminemia低蛋白血症hyperlipidemia and lipiduria高脂血症和脂尿asymptomatic hematuria or proteinuria无症状性血尿或蛋白尿chronic nephritic syndrome慢性肾炎综合征diffuse弥漫性focal局灶性global球性segmental节段性Acute Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis急性弥漫性增生性肾小球肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis毛细血管内增生性GN postinfectious glomerulonephritis感染后GNpoststreptococcal GN链球菌感染后性肾炎nonstreptococcal GN非链球菌感染性肾炎Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis急进性GN（RPGN）cresentic新月体性Goodpasture syndrome肺出血肾炎综合征ANCA，antinutrophil cytoplasmic antibody抗嗜中性粒细胞胞质抗体Membranous glomerulopathy膜性肾小球病membranous nephropathy膜性肾病Minimal change glomerulopathy轻微病变性肾小球病lipoid nephrosis脂性肾病Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis （FSG）局灶性节段性肾小球硬化Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) 膜增生性GN mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPG) 系膜增生性GNIgA nephropathy IgA肾病Chronic glomerulonephritis慢性肾小球肾炎Pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎Renal cell carcinoma肾细胞癌Wilms tumor（nephroblastoma）肾母细胞瘤urothelial tumor尿路上皮肿瘤juxtaglomerular apparatus球旁器extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜细胞macula densa致密斑fenestration窗孔filtration slit membrane滤过裂隙膜myogenic mechanism肌源性机制tubuloglomerular feedback管—球反馈glomerular filtration rate, GFR肾小球滤过率filtration fraction滤过分数effective filtration pressure有效滤过压filtration equilibrium滤过平衡renal blood flow肾血流量renal plasma flow肾血浆流量filtration coefficient ,Kf滤过系数reabsorption重吸收secretion分泌transcellular pathway 跨细胞转运途径paracellular transport细胞旁转运途径diffusion扩散osmosis渗透facilitated易化扩散solvent drag溶剂拖曳active transport主动转运secondary active transport继发性主动转运proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管principal cell主细胞intercalated cell闰细胞titratable可滴定酸Spironolactone螺内酯（安体舒通）eplerenone依普利酮amiloride阿米洛利triamterene氨苯蝶啶glutamine谷氨酰胺countercurrent multiplication逆流倍增countercurrent exchange逆流交换osmotic渗透性利尿glomerulotubular balance球-管平衡constant fraction reabsorption定比重吸收antidiuretic ,ADH抗利尿激素osmotic pressure晶体渗透压osmoreceptor渗透压感受器water diuresis水利尿renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统aldosterone -induced protein醛固酮诱导蛋白Bradykinin缓激肽clearance清除率inulin菊粉Endogenous clearances内生肌酐pelvic nerve盆神经hypogastric nerve腹下神经pudendal nerve阴部神经micturition reflex排尿反射overflow incontinence溢流性尿失禁urine retention尿潴留urine incontinence尿失禁acid base balance酸碱平衡standard bicarbonate，SB标准碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate，AB实际碳酸氢盐buffer base，BB缓冲碱base excess，BE碱剩余anion gap，AG阴离子间隙undetermined anion，UA未测定的阴离子undetermined cation，UC未测定阳离子acid base disturbance酸碱平衡紊乱Lactic acidosis乳酸酸中毒Keto- acidosis酮症酸中毒Uremic acidosis尿毒症性酸中毒Renal tubular acidosis，RTA肾小管性酸中毒Distal renal tubular acidosis远端肾小管性酸中毒Proximal renal tubular acidosis近端肾小管性酸中毒Renal tubular acidosis肾小管性酸中毒respiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒mixed acid-base disorders混合型酸碱平衡异常Glomerulus disease肾小球病变Tubular necrosis肾小管坏死Damage of renal interstitium肾间质损害Disease of renal blood vessels肾血管病变Glomerulus insufficiency肾小球功能障碍Permeability barrier孔径屏障Electrostatic barrier电荷屏障Renal tubular insufficiency肾小管功能障碍Hyposthenuria低渗尿Isosthenuria等渗尿acute renal failure, ARF急性肾功能衰竭Prerenal ARF肾前性ARFFunctional ARF功能性ARFIntrarerenal ARF肾性ARFParenchymal ARF器质性ARFacute tubular necrosis，ATN急性肾小管坏死Postrerenal ARF肾后性ARFKidney blood flow down肾血流量降低Renal hypoperfusion肾灌注压下降Vasoconstriction肾血管收缩Change of blood rheology血液流变学的改变Oliguric acute failure少尿型急性肾功能衰竭Oliguric phase少尿期Azotemia氮质血症Water intoxication水中毒Hyperkalemia高血钾Metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒Diuretic phase多尿期Recovery phase恢复期Nonoliguric acute renal failure非少尿型chronic renal failure, CRF慢性肾功能衰竭renal hypertension肾性高血压renal anemia肾性贫血uremia尿毒症Hydrostatic pressure静水压Osmotic pressure渗透压Disorders of sodium metabolism钠代谢紊乱Hypernatremia高钠血症hypotonic dehydration低渗性脱水Symptom of circulatory failure循环衰竭体症（休克）Dehydrate symptom脱水症状hypertonic dehydration高渗性脱水Urine sodium尿钠Dehydrant fever脱水热isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水edema水肿Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure毛细血管有效流体静压升高Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure血浆胶体渗透压降低Increased capillary permeability微血管壁通透性升高lymphatic obstruction淋巴回流受阻Imbalance of exchange between intra- and extra-body fluid体内外液体交换失平衡的机制Decreased glomerular filtration rate GFR急剧降低Increased tubular reabsorption肾小管重吸收增多Rank edema显性水肿Pitting edema凹陷性水肿Disorder of Potassium Metabolism钾代谢紊乱hypokalemia低钾血症hyperkalemia高钾血症Hyperkalemi periodic paralysis高钾血症型周期性麻痹Pharmacodynamics药效学Pharmacokinetics药动学Excretion 排泄organic anion transporters，OATs有机阴离子转运体organic cation transporters，OCTs有机阳离子转运体competitive inhibition竞争性抑制diuretics利尿药loop diurectis袢利尿药high efficacy diurectics高效能利尿药furosemide呋噻米（速尿）etacrynic acid依他尼酸（利尿酸）thiazide and thiazide-like diuretcs噻嗪类及类噻嗪类利尿药moderate efficacy diuretics中效能利尿药thiazides噻嗪类chlorothiazide氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氢氯噻嗪hydroflumethiazide氢氟噻嗪bendroflumethiazide苄氟噻嗪cyclopenthiazide环戊噻嗪potassium-retaining diuretics保钾利尿药low efficacy diuretics低效能利尿药spironolacton螺内酯triamterene氨苯蝶啶amiloride阿米洛利carbonic anhydrase inhibitors碳酸酐酶抑制药diamox乙酰唑胺osmotic diuretics渗透性利尿药Aminoglycosides氨基糖苷类gentamicin庆大霉素amikacin阿米卡星Amphotericin B 两性霉素BVancomycin万古霉素cisplatin顺铂Bisphosphonates双膦酸盐zoledronic acid唑来膦酸Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis药物诱导的急性间质性肾炎Rifampin利福平pamidronate帕米膦酸盐lithium锂Thrombotic microangiopathy血栓性微血管病Acyclovir阿昔洛韦high-dose methotrexate氨甲喋呤Indinavir 印地那韦Sulfonamides 磺胺类药物Ciprofloxacin环丙沙星Aristolochic acids马兜铃酸Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN)马兜铃酸肾病Balkan-endemic nephropathy (BEN),巴尔干地方性肾病Anti-angiogenesis drugs抗血管生成药物mitomycin-C丝裂霉素Cgemcitabine吉西他滨Proteinuria 蛋白尿Hematuria 血尿Edema 水肿Heparan sulfate硫酸乙酰肝素sialic acid 唾液酸MAU微量白蛋白尿、Glomerular proteinuria肾小球性蛋白尿Tubular proteinuria肾小管性蛋白尿Overflow proteinuria溢出性蛋白尿Benign proteinuria生理性蛋白尿Diabetes mellitus,糖尿病肾病Lupus nephritis,狼疮性肾炎Amyloidosis,淀粉样变性light chains本周氏蛋白Rhabdomyolysis横纹肌溶解myoglobulin肌红蛋白Hemoglobin血红蛋白Menses月经hemorrhoid 痔疮出血Rifampin利福平beets甜菜blackberries黑莓renal colic 肾绞痛three-glass test 尿三杯试验Urethra尿道Abdominal plain X-ray (routine)腹部平片IVP (intravenous pyelogram)静脉肾盂造影Cystoscopy膀胱镜Retrograde pyelogram逆行肾盂造影plasma oncotic pressure 血浆胶体渗透压intravascular hydrostatic pressure 毛细血管内静水压interstitial tissue tension 组织压myxedema粘液性水肿tibia 胫骨fibula 腓骨ankle 踝pleural effusion 胸腔积液,ascite 腹水cardiovascular edema 心源性水肿nephrologic edema 肾性水肿hepatic edema 肝源性水肿malnutritional edema 营养不良性水肿Filariasis丝虫病Mastectomy乳腺癌手术Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) 局灶性节段性肾小球硬化Autosomal dominant常染色体显性遗传steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome类固醇抗性肾病综合征autosomal recessive常染色体隐性遗传Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 慢性肾病MG微球蛋白Lithium锂Comorbidity疾病Myoglobinuria肌红蛋白尿Polycystic kidney disease多囊肾病（PKD或PCKD，也称为多囊肾综合征）Connective tissue disease，CTD结缔组织病Immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)免疫性血小板减少性紫癜CTX环磷酰胺Microalbuminuria微量白蛋白尿malaria疟疾Multiple myeloma（MM）多发性骨髓瘤Comorbidity合并症Polycystic kidney disease（PDK）多囊肾病Immune thrombocytopenia(ITP)免疫性血小板减少性紫癜Minimal change disease (MCD）微小病变Intravenous pyelography（IVP）静脉肾盂造影Angiomyolipoma（AML）血管平滑肌脂肪瘤IVP Intravenous pyelography, excretory urography排泄性尿路造影retrograde urography逆行性尿路造影abdominal aorography腹主动脉造影selective renal arteriography选择性肾动脉造MRU，MR urography磁共振尿路成像DWI, diffusion weighted image弥散加权成像renal tuberculosis肾结核ureteral tuberculosis输尿管结核Renal cell carcinoma肾细胞癌renal pelvic carcinoma肾盂癌。