Urinary System泌尿系统全英文

Pyelography Pyelonephritis
pelvilithotomy pelvioplasty Glomerulonephritis
Part 2

Ureters


Two muscular tubes which convey the urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. Each measures 20-30cm in length, 0.5-0.7cm in diameter. According to the course, each ureter can be divided into 3 parts: Abdominal part Pelvic part Intramural part
Urine
Urinogenitial Urination Hematuria Urobilin Polyuria Anuria
Ur/o
THE URINARY SYSTEM
Including the kidneys, ureters, urethra and urinary bladder. The kidneys are the primary excretory in the human body. They function by removing toxins from the body while returning necessary compounds back to the body.The kidneys filter approximately 200 liters of fluid from the body everyday. The Primary Functions of the Urinary System include: 1. Filtering waste products of metabolism from the blood and removing the wastes from the body via the urine； 2. Responsible for homeostasis: Regulate the level of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, Maintain the correct pH range within the body 3. Endocrine function： ① Producing the enzyme Renin which regulates blood pressure and proper kidney functioning； ② Producing the hormone Erythropoietin （EPO）which regulates and stimulates erythrocytes production; ③ Metabolizing vitamin D to its active form.
1. Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli. 2. 2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules. 3. Tubular secretion
Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney: 1. Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli. 2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules. 3. Tubular secretion
glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule) renal corpuscle nephron
肾单位 肾小体
glomerulus
肾小球
renal tubule afferent arteriole efferent arteriole
Working mechanism of the kidneys:
New words aboout urinary bladder
General English Root Vesic/o Eg. Intravesical vesicoureteral
Urinary bladder
Cyst/o
Cystitis Cystography Cystoptosis cystostomy

Three constrictions: 1st: at pelviureteric junction 2nd : where ureter crosses the pelvic inlet and iliac vessels 3rd : at intramural part

New words about ureters
auxiliary examination
How to use the auxiliary examination(辅助检查) in diagnosis of urinary system diseases ?
Iconography Urinalysis Renal biopsyห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ Kidney function test

远端小管
Nephrons
近端小管
The functional unit of the kidney Responsible for the actual purification and filtration of the blood About one million nephrons are in the cortex of each kidney Consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule The renal tubule consists of the convoluted tubule and the loop Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney: of Henle
vaginal vestibule)
New words about urethra and urine
General English Root Urethr/o Urethra Meat/o Eg. Urethritis Urethrograpy Meatorrhaphy Meatotomy
Urin/o
•
A kidney infection • Acute pyelonephritis • Chronic pyelonephritis • Cystitis • Perinephric abscess Renal damage in metabolic disease • Diabetic nephropathy • Hyperuricemia nephrosis
General English Root Eg.
Ureters
Ureter/o
Ureterocele Ureterography Ureterostenosis Ureterorrhaphy
Part 3 Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis. In the floor of the urinary bladder is a small, smooth triangular area, the trigone. The ureters enter the urinary bladder near two posterior points in the triangle; the urethra drains the urinary bladder from the anterior point of the triangle.
Urinary System
Content
Composition Anatomy Physiology Common disease Examination
Composition
Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
Part 1

kidney
Bean-shape: a concave area on the edge toward the centre called hilum, where renal artery enters the kidney and renal vein leaves it. The ureters also leave the kidneys at the hilum, leading to the bladder. The human kidneys represent about 0.5% of the total weight of the body, but receive 20–25% of the total arterial blood pumped by the heart.

Iconography

（1）Plain abdominal radiograph （radio- 放射，-graph 描绘、记录， radiograph X光照片 ） （2）Urography： Excretory urography Retrograde urography （retro- 向后、倒退， Retrograde 逆行性） Selective renal arteriography
New words about kidney
General English Root Eg.
Ren/o kidney Nephr/o
Renography Suprarenal Lienorenal Nephritis Hydronephrosis
Pyel/o
Renal pelvis Pelvi/o Glomerular Glomerul/o
Blood is brought to the kidney via the renal artery. The kidneys filter the blood and then reabsorb useful materials such as glucose.
After it has been purified the blood returns to the circulation through the renal vein.
Part 4
Urethra
Female urethra is
relatively shorter (about 3-5cm long), wider and straighter.


Internal orifice of urethra External orifice of urethra：(opens into
The most common disease list
Acute renal failure (ARF) • Chronic renal failure (CRF) • Urinary tract infection • Urinary calculus Primary glomerular disease • Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) • Chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) • Nephrotic syndrome(NS)

bicarbonate.
Mechanism
Urinary System
main function
filter and remove waste products from the blood
result in
production and excretion of urine
Urinary system diseases