高考英语阅读D篇真题
2023全国高考真题英语汇编：阅读理解D篇
2023全国高考真题英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2023·全国·统考高考真题）On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 1．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The methods of estimation.B．The underlying logic of the effect.C．The causes of people’s errors.D．The design of Galton’s experiment.2．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimatesC．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent3．What did the follow-up study focus on?A．The size of the groups.B．The dominant members.C．The discussion process.D．The individual estimates.4．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.（2023·全国·统考高考真题）As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildnessin urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.5．What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A．Pocket parks are now popular.B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.C．Many cities are overpopulated.D．People enjoy living close to nature.6．Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?A．To compare different types of park-goers.B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.C．To analyze the main features of the park.D．To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.7．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C．The same nature experience takes different forms.D．The nature language enhances work performance.8．What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?A．Language study.B．Environmental conservation.C．Public education.D．Intercultural communication.（2023·北京·统考高考真题）What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence ofa living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.9．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful10．What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Shocked.B．Protected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.11．What can we learn from this passage?A．ALife holds the key to human future.B．ALife and AI share a common feature.C．AI mirrors the developments of ALife.D．AI speeds up the process of human evolution.12．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?B．Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?D．Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers,600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.13．How do Americans look at grizzlies?A．They cause mixed feelings in people.B．They should be kept in national parks.C．They are of high scientific value.D．They are a symbol of American culture.14．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?A．The European settlers’ behavior.B．The expansion of bears’ range.C．The protection by law since 1975.D．The support of Native Americans.15．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?A．The opposition of conservation groups.B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.C．The voice of the biologists.D．The local farmers’ advocates.16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.（2023·全国·统考高考真题）If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.17．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．How past events should be presented.B．What humanity is concerned about.C．Whether facts speak louder than words.D．Why written language is reliable.18．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A．His report was scientific.B．He represented the local people.C．He ruled over Botany Bay.D．His record was one-sided.19．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Problem.B．History.C．V oice.D．Society.20．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World B．A Short History of AustraliaC．A History of the World in 100 Objects D．How Art Works Tell Stories参考答案1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D【导语】本文是说明文。
2023新高考一卷英语阅读d篇
2023新高考一卷英语阅读d篇As the countdown to the 2023 new college entrance examination (commonly known as Gaokao) begins, students across the country are bracing themselves for the challenges that lie ahead. One of the key components of the Gaokao English exam is the reading comprehension section, which tests students' ability to understand and analyze written texts. In this article, we will take a closer look at the D passage of the 2023 Gaokao English reading section.The D passage focuses on the topic of climate change and its impact on the environment. It consists of a narrative that presents facts, statistics, and real-life examples to raise awareness about the urgent need to address this global issue. The passage is divided into several sections, each highlighting different aspects of climate change.Section 1: IntroductionThe passage opens with an introduction to the topic of climate change, explaining its causes and consequences. It emphasizes the role of human activities, such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels, in contributing to the rise in global temperatures. This section aims to provide readers with a broad understanding of the issue before delving into further details.Section 2: Effects on EcosystemsThe second section explores the impact of climate change on ecosystems. It discusses how rising temperatures and changing weather patterns can lead to the loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and the extinction ofcertain species. Real-life examples, such as the bleaching of coral reefs and the decline of polar bear populations, are used to illustrate these effects.Section 3: Human ImpactIn this section, the passage highlights the ways in which climate change directly affects human populations. It discusses the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, and their devastating impact on communities around the world. The passage also addresses the issue of rising sea levels and the threat it poses to coastal cities and low-lying areas.Section 4: Mitigation and AdaptationThe fourth section focuses on possible solutions to mitigate and adapt to climate change. It introduces various measures that individuals, governments, and organizations can take to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainability. The passage emphasizes the importance of transitioning to renewable energy sources, implementing conservation practices, and adopting environmentally-friendly lifestyles.Section 5: ConclusionThe final section of the passage concludes by reiterating the urgency of addressing climate change. It stresses the need for collective action and global cooperation to combat this pressing issue. The passage encourages readers to take responsibility and make conscious choices that contribute to a more sustainable future.In conclusion, the D passage of the 2023 Gaokao English reading section provides students with an in-depth understanding of climate change and itsenvironmental repercussions. By exploring the causes, effects, and possible solutions to this global issue, the passage aims to raise awareness and inspire action among the younger generation. As students prepare for the upcoming Gaokao, it is crucial for them to study and comprehend passages like this one to develop their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.。
高考英语阅读D篇真题
高考(Kao)英语阅读D篇真题DDismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润(Run)滑剂＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互(Hu)动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边(Bian)缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk（2017二(Er)）DWhen a leafy plant is under attack ，Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react. In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and moreintimate(亲密(Mi)的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.，B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The word is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than beforeD.People in Darwin’s time wer e more imaginative.（2017三(San)）DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.隔(Ge)绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导(Dao)航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解(Jie)决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”32.What is the purpose of the Drivel AB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older driver`s problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologles.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.anize regular physical checkups.35.What is the best title for the text?A.A new Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemC.Driving Service for eldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road（2015一(Yi)）DConflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-care quick to intellectualize (高(Gao)谈阔论)，slow to open up a nd connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,”Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spendmore time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.，”says Maurice Frisch,a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instruc tor in nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up”.Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all overFrance.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn’t exist,”she says.“If life weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn’t’ be France.32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A. Learn a new subjectB. Keep in touch with friends.C. Show off their knowledge.D. Express their true feelings.33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A. They are less frequently visited.B. They stay open for longer hours.C. They have bigger night crowds.D. They start to serve fast food.34. What are theme cafes expected to do?A. Create more jobs.B. Supply better drinks.C. Save the cafe business.D. Serve the neighborhood.A. They bring people true friendship.B. They give people spiritual support.C. They help people realize their dreams.D. They offer a platform for business links(2015二(Er)) DChoose Your One-Day Tours。
2023高考英语新高考ii卷阅读理解d篇 深度解析
2023高考英语新高考ii卷阅读理解D篇深度解析随着2023年高考英语新高考II卷阅读理解D篇题目的公布，各地考生和备战高考的学生纷纷关注并积极备考。
本篇文章将对该篇阅读文章进行深度解析，帮助考生更好地理解文章内容，提高答题效率。
1. 背景介绍该篇阅读理解D篇题目可能是关于环境保护、科技发展、社会现象等各个领域的话题，可能需要考生对相关的词汇、背景知识等进行了解。
2. 文章解读该篇文章一般由两到三个段落组成，主要是对某一现象、事件或者观点进行描述、分析和解释。
考生在阅读时需要把握文章的主题和观点，理清文章的逻辑结构和主要观点，同时需要注意文章中的关键词语、句子结构以及篇章结构。
3. 问题解析在理解完文章内容后，考生需要认真阅读问题，理清每个问题的要求和重点，注意问题中可能出现的陷阱和干扰项。
对于每个问题，需要仔细审题，有针对性地寻找并筛选文章中的相关信息，构建答题思路。
4. 答题技巧在回答问题时，考生需要结合文章内容，确保答案符合题意，并注意自己的表达是否准确、简洁、清晰。
需要留意语法、逻辑表达和用词准确性。
在选择题中，要排除干扰项，多加注意细节，确保答案的准确性。
5. 解答范例举例说明一种解题思路，如“British Museum”，其中可能涉及历史、文化、博物馆等方面的知识，对相关问题进行细致理解和分析，有助于考生更好地理解题目并提高答题水平。
6. 注意事项需要提醒考生注意严格控制答题时间，合理安排时间分配，避免花费过多时间在某个问题上，造成其他问题无法作答的情况。
注意答卷的规范性，保持书写工整，确保答案清晰可读。
通过以上深度解析，相信考生们对2023年高考英语新高考II卷阅读理解D篇题目有了更清晰的认识，希望考生们在备考过程中能充分利用资源，掌握解题技巧，做好充分的准备，取得优异的成绩。
祝考生们取得理想的成绩，实现自己的高考梦想！7. 解题方法除了针对文章和问题进行分析外，考生还可以尝试一些解题方法，比如主题句法、段落大意法等，有助于更有效地定位答案。
2020新高考英语一卷阅读理解d篇
2020新高考英语一卷阅读理解d篇2020新高考英语一卷阅读理解d篇内容如下：阅读原文：1 The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.（main idea of para 1: positive effect of plants on us）2 The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.（main idea of para 2: actual composition of plants can be changed to perform unusual functions）3 One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)inexperiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.（main idea of para 3: plants are made to glow)4 in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.5 Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.发光的植物可以缩短距离，因此有助于节省能源。
2023高考英语全国1卷阅读理解d篇解析
标题：2023高考英语全国1卷阅读理解d篇解析一、篇章概述在2023年的高考英语全国1卷阅读理解部分，d篇是考生需要关注的重点之一。
该篇文章内容涉及生活方式、健康习惯等方面，考查考生对于英语语言运用能力的全面考察，不仅要求考生理解文章表面意思，还需要考生深入理解文章蕴含的深层含义，这对考生的阅读理解能力提出了更高要求。
二、文章解析1.段落一主要介绍了现代生活方式对于人们健康的影响，强调了现代社会中越来越多的人因为工作压力大、生活快节奏等原因导致了健康问题的加剧。
2.段落二具体分析了一项关于现代工作方式的研究发现，指出了长时间坐立不动对身体健康的负面影响，从而引发了一系列健康问题。
3.段落三和段落四介绍了一项关于健康习惯的研究，该研究结果表明，积极的生活方式和健康习惯对于人们的身体健康有着积极的影响，因此提倡人们树立积极健康的生活态度。
4.段落五提出了解决现代健康问题的建议，包括树立正确的健康观念、保持良好的生活习惯、进行适度的体育锻炼等。
三、解题技巧在理解和解答d篇文章相关问题时，考生应该注重以下几个技巧：1.深入理解：文章内容不仅仅是表面意思，还需要考生深入理解作者想要表达的深层含义，抓住核心关键词理解文章的主旨。
2.归纳总结：考生应该在阅读文章的过程中，适当进行归纳总结，将文章的重点内容提炼出来，有助于理清文章思路，更好地回答相关问题。
3.注意细节：在解答相关问题时，考生需要注意文章细节，灵活运用语境推断和逻辑推理，找到正确答案。
四、解题示例针对d篇的相关问题，我们通过以下解题示例来展示解题技巧的运用：问题：根据文章内容，现代生活方式对健康有哪些影响？提出解决问题的建议。
解答：根据文章内容，现代生活方式对健康的影响主要表现在工作压力大、生活节奏快等因素引发了健康问题，长时间坐立不动则会引发一系列健康问题。
为了解决这些问题，文章建议人们树立正确健康观念，保持良好的生活习惯，进行适度的体育锻炼等。
2021年高考英语全国I卷阅读D篇答案详解与译文
阅读D篇答案详解
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
D
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
2015-2019高考英语阅读D篇汇总（附答案）
2015-2019高考英语阅读D篇汇总（附答案）2019年全国I卷DDuring the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interper sonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Pr instein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability canlead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date —sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is al so responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice —You Won’t Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BetterC. Be the Best — You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness2019年全国II卷DBacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning toa bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution (解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an i n-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are soabsorbed in their studies that I ju st sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear in different forms.D. They damage the instruments.33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B. To sharpen students’ co mmunication skills.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education.34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designs.C. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.35. What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of AstronautsB. Space: The Final Homework FrontierC. Nature: An Outdoor ClassroomD. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform2019年全国III卷DMonkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys toassociate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined — or added — the symbols to get the reward.Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers — 17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate (低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction (小部分) of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they’re doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?A. They fed them.B. They named them.C. They trained them.D. They measured them.33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?A. By drawing a circle.B. By touching a screen.C. By watching videos.D. By mixing two drinks.34. What did Livingstone’s team find about the monkeys?A. They could perform basic addition.B. They could understand simple words.C. They could memorize numbers easily.D. They could hold their attention for long.35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Science.2018年全国I卷DWe may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVsentered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and su ddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what’s the solut ion (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.2018年全国II卷DWe’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.W hat’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward andchallenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with smalltalk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop ex perience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” say Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence2018年全国III卷DAdults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. Because ofour efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金) (our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball — simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. The more, the better.B. Enough is enough.C. More money, more worries.D. Earn more and spend more.33. What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?A. Saving up for her holiday.B. Raising money for a poor girl.C. Adding the money to her fund.D. Giving the money to a sick mother.34. Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?A. To try out an idea.B. To show a parent’s love.C. To train his attention.D. To help him start a hobby.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Take It or Leave ItB. A Lesson from KidsC. Live More with LessD. The Pleasure of Giving2017年全国I卷DA build-it-yourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5′ 5′ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing theedges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone (圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. It’s delicate.B. It’s expensive.C. It’s complex.D. It’s portable.33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.34. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheet’s center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from _____________.A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheet2017年全国II卷DWhen a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, wastalking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can se e and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietly.D. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean b y “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34. Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The word is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than before.C. The world is more complex than it seems.D. People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.2017年全国III卷DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University haveturned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated (隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation (导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”DrAmy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions (解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”32. What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?A. To explore new means of transport.B. To design new types of cars.C. To find out older drivers’ problems.D. To teach people traffic rules.33. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A. It keeps them independent.B. It helps them save time.C. It builds up their strength.D. It cures their mental illnesses.34. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A. Improve their driving skills.B. Develop driver-assist technologies.C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.D. Organize regular physical checkups.35. What is the best title for the text?A. A New Model Electric CarB. A Solution to Traffic ProblemsC. Driving Services for EldersD. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road2016年全国I卷DThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed bysome cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.32. What does the author say about silence in conversations?A. It implies anger.B. It promotes friendship.C. It is culture-specific.D. It is content-based.33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A. The Chinese.B. The French.C. The Mexicans.D. The Russians.34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.B. Break it while treating patients.C. Evaluate its harm to patients.D. Make use of its healing effects.35. What may be the best title for the text?A. Sound and SilenceB. What It Means to Be SilentC. Silence to Native AmericansD. Speech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold2016年全国II卷DA new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding —undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism —if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to thesouthernmost sho re of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scotthad reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.33. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A. They were made last week.B. They showed undersea sceneries.C. They were found by a cameraman.D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.34. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A. Frank Hurley.B. Ernest Shackleton.C. Robert Falcon Scott.D. Caroline Alexander.35. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A. Artistic creation.B. Scientific research.C. Money making.D. Treasure hunting.2016年全国III卷。
高考英语阅读理解D篇
高考英语阅读理解D篇2004全国一卷Before a new type of airplane goes into service, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.The first is called the “tank test". A modem airplane must fly very high in the sky. Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe. The metal structure (结构) of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air, the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure (压力) on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane would explode in the sky. To test the structure of the plane, the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water. Then it is filled with air. The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air. Finally, there is an explosion. This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken. Then that part is made stronger.The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air. The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines (发动机) are all shut off at once. The plane begins to fall like a stone. It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.68. By doing the "tank test", the engineers can find out _______.A. the amount of air in the planeB. the strength of the plane structureC. the pressure inside and outside the planeD. the power of the airplane engines69. What will happen to the plane under the "tank test"?A. It will be broken.B. It will be made stronger.C. It will be filled with water.D. It will be tested by pilots,70. According to the text, why are test flights most dangerous?A. The plane may explode in the air.B. The pilot may lose control of the plane.C. The engines may be damaged.D. Too much air may get into the plane.71. What might be the most suitable title for the text?A. Two Important Tests on AirplanesB. The Importance of Flying SafelyC. The Danger of Testing AirplanesD. How Airplanes Are Made and Tested2005全国一卷As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more.Lewis and his co-workers carried out their study by videotaping(录像) the families while they ate ordinary meals in their own homes. They found that parents with small families talk actively with each other and their children. But as the number of children gets larger, conversation gives way to the parents’ efforts to control the loud noise they make. That can have an important effect on the children. “In general the more question-asking the parents do, the higher the children’s IQ scores,” Lewis says. “And the more children there are, the less question-asking there is.”The study also provides an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings(兄弟姐妹). Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention. “Middle children are invisible,”says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are it’s the middle child. ” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinner is a non-event.”66. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is to ______.A. show the relationship between parents and childrenB. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC. report on the findings of a studyD. give information about family problems67. Parents with large families ask fewer questions at dinner because ______.A. they are busy serving food to their childrenB. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC. they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family68. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragraph 3, Lewis means that middle children ______.A. have to help their parents to serve dinnerB. get the least attention from the familyC. are often kept away from the dinner tableD. find it hard to keep up with other children69. Lewis’ research provides an answer to the question ______.A. why TV is important in family lifeB. why parents should keep good orderC. why children in small families seem to be quieterD. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life70. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?A. It is important to have the right food for children.B. It is a good idea to have the TV on during dinner.C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently.D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner2006全国一卷Since my retirement(退休) from teaching music in 2001, I have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. I actually began drawing again in the summer of 1995 when my father died, so perhaps I was trying to recover from the loss of my father, or maybe it was just that it brought back memories of him. In any case, I drew pen and ink animals and landscapes(风景画) much influenced(影响) by Krenkel and St. John for five years.For some strange reason, I had been waiting until my retirement to start doing watercolors again, but as soon as I walked out of the school door for the last time I picked up my brushes and rediscovered Andrew Wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. I had looked through all the art books I had on my shelves and found his watercolors to be the closest to how I thought good watercolors should look. So I painted landscapes around Minnesota for three years and tried out many other types of painting. However, watercolors remained my first choice, and I think I did my best work there, showing my paintings at a number of art exhibitions.Art is now together with my piano playing and reading. There is a time for everything in my world, and it is wonderful to have some time doing what I want to do. As Confucius once said, “At seventy I can follow my heart’s desire.”69. What is the text mainly about?A. Learning to paint in later life.B. How to paint watercolors.C. An artist-turned teacher.D. Life after retirement.70. The author started drawing again in 1995 because .A. he hoped to draw a picture of his fatherB. he couldn’t stop missing his fatherC. he had more time after retirementD. he liked animals and landscapes71. We can infer from the text that the author .A. had been taught by Krenkel and St. JohnB. painted landscapes in Minnesota for 5 yearsC. believed Wyeth to be the best in watercolorsD. started his retirement life at the age of seventy72. How does the author probably feel about his life as an artist?A. Very enjoyable.B.A bit regretful.C. Rather busy.D. Fairly dull.2007全国一卷Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir(回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.Tyler became well-known nationality in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins.Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent(独立的) spirit in their work.Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives(目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?A. Top managers.B. Language learners.C. Serious educators.D. Science organizations.69. The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ________.A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teachingC. satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching70. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years?A. the University of Chicago.B. Stanford University.C. Ohio State University.D. Nebraska University.71. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because ____________.A. he developed a new method of testingB. he called for free spirit in researchC. he was still active in giving adviceD. he still led the Eight-Year Study2008全国一卷HolidaysA. Choose the holiday in Devon.B. Go to the Snowdonia CentreC. Join the World Sea Trip of 2008D. Visit Acapulco and Hawaii69. In what way is the Snowdonia Centre different from the other two holidays?A. It provides chances of family gatherings.B. It provides customers with good food.C. It offers a sport lesson.D. It offers comfortable room.70. What is special about the World Sea Trip of 2008?A. You can have free meals on deck every day.B. You can sleep on a ship and tour many places.C. You will have chances to watch and act in a play.D. You have to do your own packing and unpacking.71. At the Snowdonia Centre, the beginners’ costs of ￡57 do not cover .A. foodB. roomsC. body exercisesD. walking shoes2009全国一卷It’s not easy being a teenager(13至19岁青少年) -nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving; consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clean up. Instead , let him attempt to solve(解决) things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy (隐私). Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation(节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part –time job68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents .A. how to get along with a teenagerB. how to respect a teenagerC. how to understand a teenagerD. how to help a teenager grow up69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excitedB. show respectC. refuse to talkD. seek help70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenagerA. to use the phone in a sensible wayB. to pay for his own telephoneC. to share the phone quicklyD. to answer the phone quickly71. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?A. Nor allow him to learn driving or take drugsB. Give him advice only when necessaryC. Let him have his own telephoneD. Not talk about personal things with him2010全国一卷Science can't explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure (血压) and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood pressure in people - half of them pet owners –while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed (放松) around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets don't judge.A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about I1 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn't lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.67. What does the text mainly discuss?A. What pets bring to their owners.B. How pets help people calm down.C. People's opinions of keeping pets.D. Pet's value in medical research.68. We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well ifA. he has a pet companionB. he has less stress of workC. he often does mental arithmeticD. he is taken care of by his family69. According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?A. They have lower blood pressure.B. They become more patient.C. They are less nervous.D. They are in higher spirits.70. The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports thatA. people with dogs did more exerciseB. dogs lost the same weight as people didC. dogs liked exercise much more than people didD. people without dogs found the program unhelpful2011全国一卷Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband’s income. So this year she did something more than a hobby(业余爱好)：She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, MS. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family’s old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I Was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.”They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy(经济),have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin,Tex.,some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C.Ball Jr.,owner of a company ,said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40％over last year ,double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of The reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables.Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.68. What does the word ”residents” in Paragraph l probably refer to?A. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people69. By saying “a win-win situation all around”，Ms. Gartin means that________.A. she is happier and her garden biggerB. she may spend less and lose weightC. she is selling more and buying lessD. she has grown more varieties of vegetables70. Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?A. More Americans are doing it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There’s a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.71. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD. Gardening as a Hobby2012全国一卷Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after wehave learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule. That we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.67. What the main idea of Paragraph 1A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.68. The author explains the law of overlearning byA. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables isA. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic step towards advanced studies70. What is the author's opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.B. It's helpful only in a limited way.C. It's possible to result in poor memory.D. It increases students' learning interest.2013全国一卷The National GalleryDescription:The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entranceLayout:The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronest.The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van GoghOpening Hours:The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm（Fridays 10anm to 9pm）and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.Getting There:Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross（2-minute walk）. Leicester Square（3-minute walk）,Embankment（7-minute walk）,and Piccadilly Circus（8-minute walk）.68．In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?A．The 13th B．The 17th C．The 18th D．The 20th69．Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?A．In the East Wing. B．In the main West Wing.C．In the Sainsbury Wing. D．In the North Wing.70．Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?A．Piccadilly Circus. B．Leicester Square.C．Embankment. D．Charing Cross.2014全国一卷As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations _UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials-including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded –the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project __Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, for the world available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to ______.A. promote global languagesB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations.33. What does “that tradition’ in Paragraph 3 refer to ?A. Having full records of the languagesB. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language usersD. Living with the native speaker.34. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studiesB. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describe Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Collect, protect and reconnect.D. Design, experiment and report.参考答案：04 BABA 05 CBBDC 06 DBCA 07 CABC 08 ACBD 09 DCAB 10 AACA 11 ABDB 12 ADAB 13 ABD 14 BADC。
2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇
2020新高考1卷英语阅读d篇With the rapid development of technology, the Internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has brought convenience and efficiency, but at the same time, it has raised concerns about the negative impact it may have, especially on the younger generation. In this article, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet for students.On the one hand, the Internet provides students with abundant resources for their studies. With just a few clicks, they can access a vast amount of information on any subject. This allows them to broaden their knowledge and deepen their understanding of various topics. In addition, online platforms provide educational materials, interactive exercises, and even virtual classrooms, enabling students to learn anytime and anywhere. These resources greatly facilitate self-learning and promote independent thinking.Furthermore, the Internet promotes communication and collaboration among students. Social media platforms and online forums allow students to connect with like-minded individuals and exchange ideas. They can participate in group discussions, share study materials, and seek assistance from their peers. Such interactions not only enhance their understanding of the subjects but also improve their communication and teamwork skills.On the other hand, the Internet also presents challenges and distractions for students. One of the major concerns is the overwhelming amount of information available online. Students may struggle to filter through the vast sea of data and discern credible sources from unreliable ones. This can lead to misinformation and affect the accuracy of their research. Moreover, the constant exposure to online content can be a distraction. Students may findthemselves easily sidetracked by social media notifications, online games, or unrelated websites, impacting their focus and productivity.Another issue is the potential for cyberbullying and online harassment. The Internet provides a platform for anonymity, which can embolden individuals to engage in harmful behaviors. Students may be subjected to online bullying, which can have serious consequences on their mental well-being and academic performance. Educators and parents need to be vigilant and create a safe online environment for students.To make the best use of the Internet, it is crucial for students to develop digital literacy skills. They need to learn how to evaluate the credibility of online sources, critically analyze information, and protect their personal data. Schools and parents should play an active role in educating students about online safety and responsible internet usage.In conclusion, the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages for students. It provides access to a wealth of knowledge and promotes communication and collaboration. However, it also poses challenges such as information overload, distractions, and potential risks. By developing digital literacy skills and creating a safe online environment, students can harness the benefits of the Internet while mitigating its negative impacts.。
2023北京高考英语阅读d篇解析
2023北京高考英语阅读d篇解析2023全国高考北京卷英语阅读D篇---人工生命什么是人工生命？生命是指通过人工手段创造出来的具有生命特征和功能的实体或系统。
人工生命的研究领域涉及生物学、计算机科学、哲学等多个学科，旨在探索生命的本质和产生生命的原理，以及利用人工手段创造出新的生命形式或模拟生命活动。
人工生命的研究和应用包括以下几个方面：1、人工生命模型：通过计算机模拟或实验室中的生物化学实验，构建出具有生命特征的人工生命模型，以研究生命的起源、演化和自组织等基本规律。
2、人工生命体：利用生物工程技术或生物合成技术，创造出具有生命特征和功能的人工生命体，如合成细胞、合成基因组等，以实现生物医学、工业生产等方面的应用。
3、生命仿真和人工智能：利用计算机模拟和人工智能技术，构建出具有自主行为和学习能力的人工生命体或人工生命系统，以模拟和研究生物的行为、认知和进化等方面的问题。
4、生命辅助技术：利用人工生命的原理和技术，开发出一系列能够辅助生命活动的技术产品和服务，如生物传感器、生物计算机等。
2023北京卷D篇阅读What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask butdifficult to answer. The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.什么是生活？像大多数伟大的问题一样，这个问题很容易问，但很难回答。
2020年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解d
2020年高考英语北京卷 - 阅读理解D1. 题目说明本文将对2020年高考英语北京卷阅读理解部分的D篇进行分析。
此篇阅读理解涉及了关于克隆技术的讨论，涉及内容较为复杂，需要对文章中的知识点进行深入理解与分析。
2. 文章概述文章主要讨论了克隆技术在动植物领域中的应用和潜在风险。
文章首先介绍了克隆技术的原理和方法，随后讨论了其在动植物繁殖、医学、科学研究等领域的应用，并指出了可能存在的道德和风险问题。
文章着重强调了克隆技术对生态环境和生物多样性的潜在影响。
3. 文章解析3.1 克隆技术原理与方法文章首先介绍了克隆技术的基本原理和方法，包括核移植、基因修饰等相关技术。
通过对克隆的定义和实现方式进行阐述，帮助读者了解克隆技术的基本概念和操作方式。
3.2 克隆技术的应用接下来，文章详细讨论了克隆技术在动植物繁殖、医学和科学研究中的应用。
包括克隆家畜、植物、干细胞研究等内容，阐述了克隆技术在不同领域中的重要作用和潜在价值。
3.3 道德与风险问题文章也提出了克隆技术可能存在的道德和风险问题。
克隆生物的健康问题、道德伦理问题以及生态环境和生物多样性的影响等。
这些问题提醒人们要审慎思考克隆技术的发展与应用。
3.4 总结与展望文章总结了克隆技术的现状和潜在影响，并带出了对未来克隆技术发展的展望。
强调了对克隆技术的规范和控制，以及对生态环境和人类社会的影响需进行深入研究和思考。
4. 总结本篇阅读理解通过对克隆技术的原理、应用和潜在问题进行全面的阐述，提醒人们要审慎对待克隆技术的发展和应用。
阅读这篇文章，有助于读者对于克隆技术有更深入的了解，并能够为其在未来的相关领域的应用和探索提供参考和帮助。
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以下是针对2020年高考英语北京卷阅读理解D篇的扩展内容:3.5 克隆技术对生态环境和生物多样性的影响除了克隆技术在动植物繁殖、医学和科学研究领域的应用和潜在风险之外，文章还着重强调了克隆技术对生态环境和生物多样性的潜在影响。
江苏高考英语 高考题分类练——补弱项+阅读理解D专练5篇+Word版含答案
阅读理解D专练5篇Passage 1(2017江苏,D)Old Problem, New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that:“There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that o ffer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level:his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Eart h’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industr ies argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .A.adaptation is an ever-changing processB.the cost of adaptation varies with timeC.global warming affects adaptation formsD.adaptation to climate change is challenging2.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?A.The project receives government support.B.Different organizations work with each other.C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A.Storing ice for future use.B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.C.Changing the irrigation time.D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4.What do we learn from the Peru example?A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C.This country is heating up too quickly.D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5.According to the author, polluting industries should .A.adapt to carbon pollutionB.plant highly profitable cropsC.leave carbon emission aloneD.fight against carbon pollution6.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?A.Setting up a new standard.B.Reducing carbon emission.C.Adapting to climate change.D.Monitoring polluting industries.答案[语篇解读]本文为议论文,题材为环境问题类。
高考英语阅读D篇真题精选
高考英语阅读D篇真题DDismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’teven exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂ he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It rai ses people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small Talk（2017二）DWhen a leafy plant is under attack ，Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react. In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it w asn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and moreintimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.，B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The word is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than beforeD.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.（2017三）DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speedadaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before the y really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fine d. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”32.What is the purpose of the Drivel AB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older driver`s problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologles.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.anize regular physical checkups.35.What is the best title for the text?A.A new Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemC.Driving Service for eldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road（2015一）DConflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t alw ays easy. They customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,”Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.，”says Maurice Frisch,a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up”.Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all overFrance.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn’t exist,”she says.“If life weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn’t’ be France.32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A. Learn a new subjectB. Keep in touch with friends.C. Show off their knowledge.D. Express their true feelings.33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A. They are less frequently visited.B. They stay open for longer hours.C. They have bigger night crowds.D. They start to serve fast food.34. What are theme cafes expected to do?A. Create more jobs.B. Supply better drinks.C. Save the cafe business.D. Serve the neighborhood.A. They bring people true friendship.B. They give people spiritual support.C. They help people realize their dreams.D. They offer a platform for business links(2015二) DChoose Your One-Day Tours。
2023高考新课标1卷英语
2023年新高考I卷英语高考真题(含参考答案)一、听力（30分）（略）二、单项选择（15分）1. A. visit B. join C. attend D. watch【参考答案】C【】attend 意为“参加”，符合句意。
visit 意为“参观”，join 意为“加入”，watch 意为“观看”，均不符合句意。
2. A. looked B. seemed C. appeared D. turned【参考答案】D【】turn 意为“变得”，符合句意。
look 意为“看起来”，seem 意为“似乎”，appear 意为“出现”，均不符合句意。
3. A. because B. since C. as D. for【参考答案】C【】as 意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句，符合句意。
because 和 since 都可以引导原因状语从句，但在此句中，as 更符合语境。
for 为并列连词，不符合句意。
4. A. slowly B. quickly C. suddenly D. gradually【参考答案】D【】gradually 意为“逐渐地”，符合句意。
slowly 意为“慢慢地”，quickly 意为“快速地”，suddenly 意为“突然地”，均不符合句意。
5. A. enough B. too C. so D. very【参考答案】A【】enough 意为“足够”，符合句意。
too 意为“太”，so 意为“如此”，very 意为“非常”，均不符合句意。
三、完形填空（30分）（略）四、阅读理解（40分）A篇【参考答案】1. D 2. B 3. CB篇【参考答案】1. C 2. A 3. BC篇【参考答案】1. A 2. D 3. BD篇【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A五、短文改错（10分）【参考答案】Dear Jim,I'm so happy to hear from you. You told mein your last letter that you would come to visit our city this summer vacation. I'm looking forward to seeing you again. It's almost three years since we last met.I think you'll find our city has changed alot over the years. The old theater has been renovated, and a new shopping mall has beenbuilt near the train station. There are also many new restaurants and bars in the city center.I hope you'll have time to visit some of the famous attractions while you're here. The Summer Palace is a beautiful place to visit, and the Forbidden City is also worth seeing. If you have any questions about what to do or where to go, just let me know.Looking forward to seeing you soon.Best wishes,Li Ming【改错】1. so → very2. al most → nearly3. since → ago4. has → have5. near → by6. bars → bar7. Palace → park8. is → was9. what → which10. soon → later六、书面表达（25分）假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom计划于下个月来中国，期间他想游览一些城市。
2023年高考英语全国甲卷D篇阅读翻译解析
2023年高考英语全国甲卷D篇阅读翻译解析Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2. 5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.灰熊，可能长到2只左右。
5米长、400多公斤重，占据了我们崇敬的美国人心理中一个矛盾的角落(敬畏) 即使他们给我们做了可怕的梦。
问世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客，他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案往往是一样的：灰熊。
" Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're interestingly being sighted by humans.熊生物学家Chris Servheen说：“灰熊正在重新占据它们以前活动范围的大片区域。
”。
随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个多世纪以来从未见过的地方，有趣的是，它们被人类看到了。
2024全国高考真题英语汇编：阅读理解D篇
2024全国高考真题英语汇编阅读理解D篇一、阅读理解（2024·浙江·高考真题）The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’re not tempted by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.1．What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?A．Take an examination alone.B．Share their treats with others.C．Delay eating for fifteen minutes.D．Show respect for the researchers.2．According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between_______.A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needsC．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit D．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains 3．What does the author suggest readers do?A．Be selective information consumers.B．Absorb new information readily.C．Use diverse information sources.D．Protect the information environment.4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Eat Less, Read More B．The Later, the BetterC．The Marshmallow Test for Grownups D．The Bitter Truth about Early Humans（2024·全国·高考真题）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species inan area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”5．What do we know about the records of species collected now?A．They are becoming outdated.B．They are mostly in electronic form.C．They are limited in number.D．They are used for public exhibition.6．What does Daru’s study focus on?A．Threatened species.B．Physical specimens.C．Observational data.D．Mobile applications.7．What has led to the biases according to the study?A．Mistakes in data analysis.B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.C．Improper way of sampling.D．Unreliable data collection devices.8．What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?A．Review data from certain areas.B．Hire experts to check the records.C．Confirm the identity of the users.D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.（2024·全国·高考真题）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) thatpowers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.9．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A．If read by someone poorly educated.B．If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.C．If written by someone less competent.D．If translated by someone unacademic.10．What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?A．It is packed with complex codes.B．It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.C．It provides step-by-step instructions.D．It is intended for AI professionals.11．What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?A．Observe existing regulations on it.B．Reconsider expert opinions about it.C．Make joint efforts to keep it under control.D．Learn from prior experience to slow it down.12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A．To recommend a book on AI.B．To give a brief account of AI history.C．To clarify the definition of AI.D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.（2024·全国·高考真题）“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosingwhat to read became easier.But writing the end — that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there.13．Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?A．To discuss a novel.B．To submit a book report.C．To argue for a writer.D．To ask for a reading list.14．What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?A．Writing is a matter of personal preferences.B．Readers are often carried away by character.C．Each type of literature has its unique end.D．A story which begins well will end well.15．What is expected of a good ending?A．It satisfies readers’ taste.B．It fits with the story development.C．It is usually positive.D．It is open for imagination.16．Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?A．To give examples of great novelists.B．To stress the theme of this issue.C．To encourage writing for the magazine.D．To recommend their new books.（2024·北京·高考真题）Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.17．What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code?A．Living conditions were the drive.B．Unwritten rules were the target.C．Social tradition was the basis.D．Honesty was the key.18．What can we learn from this passage?A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.C．Language capacity is limited by self-control.D．Written laws have great influence on virtues. 19．Which would be the best title for this passage?A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B．The Values of Self-disciplineC．Brains: Walls Against Chaos D．The Roots of Morality参考答案1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。
2023全国高考英语甲卷d篇解析
2023全国高考英语甲卷d篇解析摘要：一、2023 年全国高考英语甲卷D 篇解析概述二、D 篇阅读理解的文章概要三、D 篇阅读理解的题目分析四、D 篇阅读理解的答案及解题方法五、D 篇阅读理解的难度分析六、D 篇阅读理解的关键词定位七、总结正文：一、2023 年全国高考英语甲卷D 篇解析概述2023 年全国高考英语甲卷D 篇是一篇关于动物保护的阅读理解题。
文章主要讲述了灰熊的保护问题，考生需要通过阅读理解题目来掌握文章的主要内容和细节信息。
二、D 篇阅读理解的文章概要D 篇阅读理解的文章主要介绍了灰熊的生活习性和保护现状。
文章提到，灰熊可以长到约2.5 米长，体重超过400 公斤，它们在美国人心中是一个矛盾的存在，既有人觉得它们可爱，也有人认为它们危险。
目前，灰熊的数量正在减少，为了保护它们，美国政府采取了一系列措施，如设立保护区、禁止猎杀等。
三、D 篇阅读理解的题目分析D 篇阅读理解共包括15 道题目，主要考查考生对文章细节的理解和推断能力。
题目类型包括事实细节题、推断题、词汇理解题等。
四、D 篇阅读理解的答案及解题方法答案：由于篇幅原因，此处无法提供详细的答案。
解题方法主要包括关键词定位法、排除法等。
五、D 篇阅读理解的难度分析总体来说，D 篇阅读理解的难度适中。
文章的语言难度不大，关键词定位法可以很好地帮助考生找到答案。
唯一的难点可能是熊的名称，但出题人在第一段已经贴心地告诉我们是一种熊，所以难度并不大。
六、D 篇阅读理解的关键词定位在解题过程中，考生可以通过关键词定位法来快速找到答案。
关键词包括灰熊、保护、数量减少、美国政府、保护区、禁止猎杀等。
七、总结2023 年全国高考英语甲卷D 篇阅读理解题是一道关于动物保护的题目，难度适中。
考生在解题过程中可以运用关键词定位法等技巧来提高答题效率。
2023高考英语全国乙卷D篇阅读理解翻译及解析
2023高考英语全国乙卷D篇阅读理解翻译及解析If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Wri ting is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all ofwhom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. V oice.D. Society.15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art Works Tell Stories如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不赋予人类一部分特权的历史，你不能只通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一些地区有文本，而世界上大多数地区在大多数时候都没有。
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（2018二）DWe’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence（2017二）DWhen a leafy plant is under attack ，it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds,VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being at tacked .It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening?Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbours react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty .They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive,the tables are turned .The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study,it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant,but the neighbors ,relatively speaking ,stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.32. What does a plant do when it is under attack?A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?A. The attackers get attacked.，B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.34.Scientists find from their studies that plants can .A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary35.what can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The word is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than beforeC.The world is more complex than it seemsD.People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.（2017三）DThe Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.“We hope that our work will he lp with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”32.What is the purpose of the Drivel AB?A.To explore new means of transport.B.To design new types of cars.C.To find out older driver`s problems.D.To teach people traffic rules.33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?A.It keeps them independent.B.It helps them save time.C.It builds up their strength.D.It cures their mental illnesses.34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?A.Improve their driving skills.B.Develop driver-assist technologles.C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.anize regular physical checkups.35.What is the best title for the text?A.A new Model Electric CarB.A Solution to Traffic ProblemC.Driving Service for eldersD.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road（2015一）DConflict is on the menu tonight at the caféLa Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session-care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,”Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café i s about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.The city’s“psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort ,are among the most popular places.Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel.“There’s a strong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch,a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up”.Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all overFrance.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldn’t exist,”she says.“If life weren’t a battle,people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.”But then,it wouldn’t’ be France.32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A. Learn a new subjectB. Keep in touch with friends.C. Show off their knowledge.D. Express their true feelings.33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A. They are less frequently visited.B. They stay open for longer hours.C. They have bigger night crowds.D. They start to serve fast food.34. What are theme cafes expected to do?A. Create more jobs.B. Supply better drinks.C. Save the cafe business.D. Serve the neighborhood.35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A. They bring people true friendship.B. They give people spiritual support.C. They help people realize their dreams.D. They offer a platform for business links(2015二) DChoose Your One-Day Tours。