大学体验英语(基础目标下册)期末复习资料

Unit1

❶The University of Oxford is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions of higher learning, established during the 1100s. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London.

牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，也是世界上最著名的高等学府之一，建于11世纪，位于英国牛津，伦敦西北约80公里处。

❷Oxford is very competitive: more than 19000 people applied for around 3200 undergraduate places for entry in 2016, which means that Oxford receives, on average, nearly 6 applications for each available place. 40% of the total student body — over 9300 students —is citizens of foreign countries. Students come to Oxford from over 140 countries and territories. There are 38 Oxford colleges plus six permanent private halls, which are similar to colleges except that they tend to be smaller, and were founded by various religious groups. 牛津大学竞争非常激烈：2016年，超过19000人申请了3200个本科入学名额，这意味着牛津大学平均每个入学名额收到近6个申请。学生总数的40%——9300多名学生——是外国公民。来自140多个国家和地区的学生来到牛津。牛津大学共有38所学院，外加6个永久性的私人大厅，这些大厅与学院相似，只是规模较小，由不同宗教团体创建。

❸At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and well-being of their students.

在牛津大学，每个学院都是一个不同于大学的法人团体，由自己的校长和研究员管理。大多数研究员是大学教师，称为导师，其余的是大学教授和讲师。每一所学院管理自己的建筑物和财产，选举自己的院士，挑选和录取自己的本科生。大学提供一些图书馆、实验室和其他设施，但学院对学生的教学和福利负有主要责任。

❹The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects.

大学而不是个别学院授予学位。文科或理科的第一学位是荣誉文科学士学位。牛津大学还授予各种学科的更高学位、文凭和证书。

❺Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the student's program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction. They may also attend lectures given by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors.

牛津大学的每个学生都有一名导师，主要通过辅导来监督学生的学习计划。家教是一到两个学生每周和他们的家教开会。学生可以找其他导师进行专业指导。他们也可以参加大学教师的讲座。学生根据自己的特殊兴趣和导师的建议选择参加哪些讲座。

❻There are numerous prizes awarded each year to both undergraduate and postgraduate