英语专业考研_常耀信版_美国文学简史_课件_William_Faulkner1

Narrative techniques
• Never step between the characters and the reader to explain, but let the characters explain themselves and hinder as little as possible the reader’s direct experience of the work of art. • The most characteristic way of structuring his stories is to fragment the chronological time. Juxtapose the past with the present.
Features of Southern literature prior to this renaissance --- focus on historical romances about the "Lost Cause" of the Confederate States of America. --- glorified the heroism of the Confederate army and civilian population during the Civil War and the supposedly "idyllic culture" that existed in the South before the war (known as the Antebellum South).
Absalom, Absalom 《押沙龙，押沙龙！》
Faulkner's most celebrated novels
The Sound and the Fury (1929)
书名的典故出自莎士比亚悲剧《麦克白》第5幕 第5场麦克白的有名台词：“人生如痴人说梦，充 满着喧哗与骚动，却没有任何意义。” 多角度的叙述方法 “意识流”手法 “神话模式”手法
The Southern Renaissance
• The Southern Renaissance is featured in its unique feeling of guilt, failure and poverty as well. • Southern Myths • a. Chevalier heritage(骑士精神的传承) • b. Agrarian virtue（土地的价值） • c. Plantation aristocracy （种植园主） • d. Lost cause （注定要失败的势力） • e. White supremacy （白人至上） • f. Purity of womanhood （女人的纯洁）
Faulkner in Hollywood
In the university of Virginia campus
William Faulkner: Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
--- I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work -- a life's work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. ---我感觉，这个奖不是授予我这个人，而是授予我的工作， 它是对我呕心沥血、毕生从事的人类精神探索的工作的肯定。 我的这项工作不为名，更不图利，而是要从人类精神的原始 素材里创造出前所未有的东西。
literary career: three stages
(1) 1924~1929: training as a writer The Marble Faun 《大理石雕像》
Soldier’s Pay 《士兵的报酬》
Mosquitoes《蚊群》 (2) 1929~1936: most productive and prolific period Sartoris 《萨托里斯》 The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》 As I Lay Dying 《在我弥留之际》 Light in August 《八月之光》
• A man with great might of invention and experimentation. • Novel as an art form ; evolved his own literary strategies . • Primary duty :explore and represent the infinite possibilities inherent in human life. • Writer should observe with no judgment whatsoever and reduce authorial intrusion to the lowest

“约克百度文库帕塔法世系”
这个“世系”以美国南方几个庄园主世家的
荣辱兴衰为主线，表现了一个世纪以来美
国南方社会的历史命运、社会变迁以及各
阶层人物的起伏沉浮，写出了美国南方地
区的典型特征，具有浓厚的乡土气息。
Major Themes of his Works
• 1. history and race • He explains the present by examining the past, by telling the stories of several generations of family to show how history changes life. • He was interested in the relationship between blacks and whites, especially concerned about the problems of the people who were of the mixed race of black and white, unacceptable to both races. • 2. Deterioration • 3. Conflicts between generations, classes, races, man and environment • 4. Horror, violence and the abnormal
Features of His Works
• 虽然福克纳的世界观从本质上说是传统保 守的，他在形式与技巧上的创新都是令人 兴奋的。他大胆和不倦地探索，而且在绝 大多数的情况下都取得了成功。多样性与 丰富性是他的特点。他是一个有独创性的 人。在美国文学中能和他比肩的还没有第 二个人。
Invention and experimentation in form and narrative technique
William Faulkner ---One of the greatest writer in 20th century ---initiator of Southern Renaissance ---one of the most influential modernist novel writers in the west
Three major themes in Southern Renaissance
--- the burden of history in a place where many people still remembered slavery,reconstruction, and a devastating military defeat. --- focus on the South's conservative culture, specifically on how an individual could exist without losing a sense of identity in a region where family, religion, and community were more highly valued than one's personal and social life. --- the South's troubled history in regards to racial issues.
William Faulkner (1897-1962) William Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897 and began to write poetry as a teenager. During Wo r l d Wa r I , h e j o i n e d t h e Canadian Royal Flying Corps but never fought; the day he graduated from the Flying Corps, the Armistice was signed. The only war injury he received was the result of getting drunk and partying too hard on Armistice Day, wherein he injured his leg.
(3) 1940~end: won recognition in America Go Down, Moses 《去吧，摩西》
His Short story collection
• These 13 (1931), 《这十 三篇》includes many of his most acclaimed (and most frequently anthologized) stories, including "A Rose for Emily," "Red Leaves," "That Evening Sun," and "Dry September."《献给
The Southern Renaissance was the reinvigoration of American Southern literature that began in the 1920s and 1930s with the appearance of writers such as William Faulkner, Wolfe, Tennessee Williams, etc.
爱米丽的玫瑰》、《红 叶》、《夕阳》和《干 燥的九月》
Yoknapatawpha 约克纳帕塔法
Yoknapatawpha County: --- A county in northern Mississippi, the setting for most of William Faulkner’s novels and short stories, and patterned upon Faulkner’s actual home in Lafayette County, Mississippi.
The Southern Renaissance & William Faulkner
The Southern Renaissance
I. Heritage
American southern literature can date back to Edgar Allen Poe, and reach its summit with the appearance of the two “giants” – Faulkner and Wolfe. There are southern women writers – Katherine Anne Porter凯瑟琳.安.波特 , Eudora Welty尤朵拉· 韦尔蒂 , and Flannery O’Connor弗兰纳里· 奥康诺 .