高中英语句子成分基本句型课件

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*句子成分由词或词组充当 英 语 的 基 本 成 分 有 七 种 : ________________________________________ 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、 ________________________________________ 表语(predicative)、 宾语(object)、
句子成分
Members of a Sentence
Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
Vi
宾语
noun 宾语(间) 宾语(直) adj. / adv. Vt 宾语 宾补 infinitive V-ing 表语 V-l V-ed noun etc. Noun / Pronoun pronoun The + adj adj. / adv. V-ing / Clause be / feel / seem / remain infinitive Infinitive /keep/appear / stand / lie V-ing / V-ed become /get / grow / turn clause go / come / look/ taste / smell etc. etc. 主 语 谓 语
________________________________________ 定语(attribute)、 状语(adverbial)
补语(complement)。 和_________________________
简单句的五种基本句型
• 主语 + 不及物动词 ( S + Vi ) •主语 + 系动词 + 表 (S + LV + predicative)
when he was leaving for Paris.
He told me the news. 宾语从句 宾语
that I could have the money without delay. that his fathered was working in how how much he prepared to much he was prepared that school. to pay for my car and that I could pay for my car. have the money without delay.
I saw a cat running across the road.
S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补) 1. They │painted │the door │green. 2. This │set │them │thinking. 3. They │found │the house │deserted. 4. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
分词(短语)作状语:
基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都
不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语
身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的
意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等,表情况;
get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表变化。
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短, 除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分 的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些 修饰语可以是 单词 (adj./adv./num.数词) 短语 (主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语)。 我们称之为:定语、状语 The little boy needs a blue pen.
a,S V b, S V P c,S V O d,S V o O e,S V O C
d 1,Pleas tell us a story._______ a 2, She smiled.______ e 3. I have a lot work to do._____ b 4. His job is to train swimmers._____ e 5. He noticed a man enter the room._____ c 6. Please look at the picture._____
be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。
其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 感官动词多可用作连系动词:look well/面色好, sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
S │V(是系动词)│ P(表语)
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
*There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这
里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’
混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男 孩。) 前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
3. He │enjoys │reading.
4. He │said │"Good morning." 5. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
复合句与简单句:复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 that the match had been cancelled.
S │ V (不及物动词)
1. The sun│rose.
2. Who │cares?
3. What he said │does not matter.
4. They │talked for half an hour.
5. The pen │writes smoothly 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词 都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。 (地点状语) Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分,至多4个基本成分。
基本句型 一:S V (主+谓)
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词 不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化 的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没 有宾语,形成主谓结构, 如:We come.
基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有 些 及 物 动 词 可 以 有 两 个 宾 语 , eg : give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人 (间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。 --Give me a cup of tea please. --Show this house to Mr. Smith. --Bring it to me, please.
S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3. I │showed │him │my pictures. 4. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 5. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
复合句与简单句:复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句 that he has finished his work. whether he has finished his work.
I don’t know 宾语从句 him.
He has finished his work that he is leaving for Washington. He is leaving for when he is leaving for Washington. Washington. why he is leaving for Washington. how he is leaving for Washington. whether he is leaving for Washington.
二、状语:
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句
子成分,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、
地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等 --The boy needs a pen now. --The boy needs a pen very much.
可用作状语的有副词,不定式,分词,介词短语, 从句等。
介词短语作状语:
一、 定语:
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语
或句子,译为‘‘……的’’
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。 复合不定代词(something/nothing)之后; 不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修饰的成 分后; 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
Two boys need two pens.
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,
都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,
必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意
思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
S │V(及物动词)│ O(宾语)
1. Who │knows │the answer?
2. He │has refused │to help them.
His name is Tom.
The boy in blue is Tom. The boy there needs a pen.
The boy needs a ball pen.
There is nothing to do today. The pen bought by her is made in China. The boy you will know is Tom.
名词/代词宾格 + n./adj./ 介词短语/动词不定式/分词 The war made him a soldier.
New methods make the job easy.
I often find him at work.
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │fell │in love.
4. Everything │looks │different. 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 6. Our well │has gone │dry. 7. His face │turned │red.
基本句型 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上 一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。 宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成
分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不
定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。
•主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 ( S + Vt + O)
•主语+双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir)
• 主语 + 宾补动词 +宾语 +宾语补语
• (S + Vt. + O + O. compl) •There + be / stand/ lie / live...
主语、动词(不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、 宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分。
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