词性及后缀
英语单词词性后缀总结
英语单词词性后缀总结英语单词词性后缀总结:由英语单词后缀判定词性,后缀是决定一个词的词性的重要标记。
掌握词性是掌握英语基本规律,扩大单词量的重要手段。
扩展资料常见后缀:⑴ 具有某种职业或动作的人1)-an,-ian,表示"……地方的人,精通……的`人”American,historian,2)-al,表示"具有……职务的人" principal,3)-ant,-ent,表示"……者” merchant,agent,servant,student, 4)-ar,表示"……的人” scholar,liar,pedlar5)-ard,-art,表示"做……的人”coward,laggard,braggart(夸张者)6)-arian,表示"……派别的人,……主义的人”humanitarian,vegetarian7)-ary,表示"从事……的人" secretary,missionary8)-ate,表示"具有……职责的人" candidate,graduate9)-ator,表示"做……的人" educator,speculator(投机者)10)-crat,表示"某种政体,主义的支持者" democrat,bureaucrat11)-ee,表示"动作承受者" employee,examinee12)-eer,表示"从事于……人" engineer,volunteer13)-er,表示"从事某种职业的人,某地区,地方的人" banker,observer,Londoner,villager14)-ese,表示" ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese,Cantonese 15)-ess,表示"阴性人称名词, actress,hostess,manageress 16)-eur,表示"……家” amateur,littérateur17)-ian,表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”Christian,physician(内科医生),musician18)-ician,表示"精通者,……家,”electrician,magician,technician19)-icist,表示"……家,…….者,…….能手”physicist,phoneticist,technicist20)-ic,表示"……者,……师" mechanic,critic21)-ie,表示"爱,指小" dearie,auntie,lassie(小姑娘)22)-ier,表示"从事……职业” cavalier,clothier,brazier(黄铜匠)23)-ine,ina,表示"阴性人称" heroine,ballerina24)-ist,表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者" pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist25)-ive,表示"动作者,行为者” native,captive26)-logist,表示"……学家,研究者" biologist,geologist(地质学家)27)-or,表示"……者" author,doctor,operator,28)-ster,表示"做…….事情的人”youngster,gamester(赌徒),songster29)-yer,表示" 从事……职业者” lawyer。
各种词性后缀一览表
各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy obedience3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference,4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法”biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless 3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards 向北方地。
各种词性一览表
各种词性一览表1. 名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续),17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronic s, linguistics19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technol ogy (工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”bea utify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示"使,令”finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地。
英语中常见的后缀
英语中常见的后缀TractableAbleAbilityBe able to do sth名词I动词do形容词beautiful副词beautifully介词in英语中常见的后缀一、名词性后缀1、-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称Percentage percent 百分比V oltage V伏特Shortage shortage 不足不够2、-cy表示抽象名词Accuracy 精确accurate 精确的Infancy infant 小孩infancy 幼年时代Agent 代理热agency 代理机构3、-ence、-ance表示性质和动作DifferenceInterference inter- -fer- ence 干扰InfluenceOccurrence occur 出现Violence 暴力Existence exist 存在existenceSignificance = importance4、-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀Tendency tend 倾向于tendency 倾向nFrequencyFluency 流利流畅fluent adj 流畅的Sufficiency 英[s?'f??(?)ns?] 美[s?'f??nsi] n. 足量,充足;自满Constancy 英['k?nst(?)ns?] 美['kɑnst?nsi] n. 坚定不移;恒久不变5、-er表示…人、…者ReceiverCarrierBeginnerWinner runner writer6、-ics 表示…科学Pediatrics 英[,pi?d?'?tr?ks] 美[,pidi'?tr?ks] n. 小儿科psychiatrics n. [内科] 精神病学physics 英['f?z?ks] 美['f?z?ks] n. 物理学;物理现象7、-ian表示人称名词Physician 物理学家Technician tech 技术技术人员8、-ion 由动词构成的名词OccasionDivisionVision 视野visual vis- eye;lookVisual learnerKinesthetic leaner (运动型的)Audio leanerDistortion dis- tort ion = 扭曲9、-ism表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词MechanismSocialism 社会主义Marxism 马克思主义Communism 共产主义10、-ist表示人称名词Specialist 专家Biologist 生物学家Economist 经济学家Chemist 化学家chemistryViolinist violinist 英[,va??'l?n?st] 美[,va??'l?n?st] n. 小提琴演奏者,小提琴家Idealist n. 空想家,理想主义者;唯心主义者adj. 理想主义的;唯心主义的11、-logy表示学科Philology [f?'l?l?d??] n. 文献学;语言学BiologyGeology12、-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物MeasurementExperiment 实验ImprovementImprove 进步+ ment n improvement 进步13、-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词Thick ness n. 厚度;层;浓度;含混不清Effectiveness英[?'fekt?vn?s] 美[?'f?kt?vn?s] n. 效力Brightness n. [光][天] 亮度;聪明,活泼;鲜艳;愉快14、-ship表示状态RelationshipFriendshipLeadership 领导力15、-th由形容词构成名词Length longWidth wideDepth deep 深度deafness 聋的Truth true16、-ty表示性质Rigidity n. [物] 硬度,[力] 刚性;严格,刻板;僵化;坚硬Unity 联合unit 单元集合United StatesObesity 肥胖obese adjSimilarity similar 相似的相似性相似度18、-ure表示行为结果Failure 失败fail v fail to do sthSuccess 反义词pressure press 压n 压力(精神物理)structure 结构the structure of your writing二、形容词性后缀1、-able表示可能的,可以的2、-al表示有…的属性NaturalSpecial3、-ant有些是从动词派生来的Significant英[s?g'n?f?k(?)nt] 美[s?ɡ'n?f?k?nt] adj. 重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的n. 象征;有意义的事物ImportantConstant 英['k?nst(?)nt] 美['kɑnst?nt] adj. 不变的;恒定的;经常的n. [数] 常数;恒量4、-ary 表示与…有关的OrdinaryAnniversary n. 周年纪念日V oluntary英['v?l?nt(?)r?] 美['vɑl?nt?ri]adj. 自愿的;志愿的;自发的;故意的n. 志愿者;自愿行动5、-ful由名词构成形容词UsefulSuccessfulPlentiful三、动词性后缀1、-ate多用于外来词构成动词deviate背离、偏离,decelerate减速,accelerate加速,degenerate变性,operate 操作,手术,defibrillate除颤,vibrate 振动、颤动,migrate移动,angulate成角,anticipate预期、期望,abbreviate缩写,antecede在…之前。
英语词性前后缀
3. 动词后缀
1) -ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,……化“: modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2) -en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” : quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3) -fy, 表示“使……化, 使成” : beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4) -ish, 表示"使,令”: finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5) -ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” : separate, operate, indicate
16) -ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 17) -th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 18) -tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔) 19) -ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续) 20) -grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 21) -ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 22) -ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 23) -nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
英语中常见的后缀
TractableAbleAbilityBe able to do sth名词I动词do形容词beautiful副词beautifully介词in英语中常见的后缀一、名词性后缀1、-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称Percentage percent 百分比V oltage V伏特Shortage shortage 不足不够2、-cy表示抽象名词Accuracy 精确accurate 精确的Infancy infant 小孩infancy 幼年时代Agent 代理热agency 代理机构3、-ence、-ance表示性质和动作DifferenceInterference inter- -fer- ence 干扰InfluenceOccurrence occur 出现Violence 暴力Existence exist 存在existenceSignificance = importance4、-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀Tendency tend 倾向于tendency 倾向nFrequencyFluency 流利流畅fluent adj 流畅的Sufficiency 英[sə'fɪʃ(ə)nsɪ] 美[sə'fɪʃnsi] n. 足量,充足;自满Constancy 英['kɒnst(ə)nsɪ] 美['kɑnstənsi] n. 坚定不移;恒久不变5、-er表示…人、…者ReceiverCarrierBeginnerWinner runner writer6、-ics 表示…科学Pediatrics 英[,piːdɪ'ætrɪks] 美[,pidi'ætrɪks] n. 小儿科psychiatrics n. [内科] 精神病学physics 英['fɪzɪks] 美['fɪzɪks] n. 物理学;物理现象7、-ian表示人称名词Physician 物理学家Technician tech 技术技术人员8、-ion 由动词构成的名词OccasionDivisionVision 视野visual vis- eye;lookVisual learnerKinesthetic leaner (运动型的)Audio leanerDistortion dis- tort ion = 扭曲9、-ism表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词MechanismSocialism 社会主义Marxism 马克思主义Communism 共产主义10、-ist表示人称名词Specialist 专家Biologist 生物学家Economist 经济学家Chemist 化学家chemistryViolinist violinist 英[,vaɪə'lɪnɪst] 美[,vaɪə'lɪnɪst] n. 小提琴演奏者,小提琴家Idealist n. 空想家,理想主义者;唯心主义者adj. 理想主义的;唯心主义的11、-logy表示学科Philology [fɪ'lɒlədʒɪ] n. 文献学;语言学BiologyGeology12、-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物MeasurementExperiment 实验ImprovementImprove 进步+ ment n improvement 进步13、-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词Thick ness n. 厚度;层;浓度;含混不清Effectiveness英[ɪ'fektɪvnɪs] 美[ə'fɛktɪvnɪs] n. 效力Brightness n. [光][天] 亮度;聪明,活泼;鲜艳;愉快14、-ship表示状态RelationshipFriendshipLeadership 领导力15、-th由形容词构成名词Length longWidth wideDepth deep 深度deafness 聋的Truth true16、-ty表示性质Rigidity n. [物] 硬度,[力] 刚性;严格,刻板;僵化;坚硬Unity 联合unit 单元集合United StatesObesity 肥胖obese adjSimilarity similar 相似的相似性相似度18、-ure表示行为结果Failure 失败fail v fail to do sthSuccess 反义词pressure press 压n 压力(精神物理)structure 结构the structure of your writing二、形容词性后缀1、-able表示可能的,可以的2、-al表示有…的属性NaturalSpecial3、-ant有些是从动词派生来的Significant英[sɪg'nɪfɪk(ə)nt] 美[sɪɡ'nɪfɪkənt] adj. 重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的n. 象征;有意义的事物ImportantConstant 英['kɒnst(ə)nt] 美['kɑnstənt] adj. 不变的;恒定的;经常的n. [数] 常数;恒量4、-ary 表示与…有关的OrdinaryAnniversary n. 周年纪念日V oluntary英['vɒlənt(ə)rɪ] 美['vɑləntɛri]adj. 自愿的;志愿的;自发的;故意的n. 志愿者;自愿行动5、-ful由名词构成形容词UsefulSuccessfulPlentiful三、动词性后缀1、-ate多用于外来词构成动词deviate背离、偏离,decelerate减速,accelerate加速,degenerate变性,operate 操作,手术,defibrillate除颤,vibrate振动、颤动,migrate移动,angulate成角,anticipate预期、期望,abbreviate缩写,antecede在…之前。
各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)4页
各种词性后缀一览表(最常用的)4页1、-acy表态或性质democr·acy n. 民主,民主主义;民主政治accur·acy n. [数] 精确度,准确性lun·acy n. 精神失常;愚蠢的行为2. -al表行动或进程deni·al n. 否认;拒绝;节制;背弃tri·al n. 试验;审讯;努力;磨炼3. -ance, -ence表状态或性质disturb·ance n. 干扰;骚乱;忧虑venge·ance n. 复仇;报复;报仇appear·ance n 出现;外表insist·ence n. 坚持,强调;坚决主张depend·ence n. 依赖;依靠;信任;信赖4. -dom表位置或状态free·dom n. 自由,自主;直率wis·dom n. 智慧,才智;明智;学识;至理名言5. -er, -or表示进行某种特定行动的人或物teach·er n. 教师;导师read·er n. 读者;阅读器;读物creat·or n. 创造者;创建者interpret·er n. 解释者;口译者;注释器cook·er n. 炊具6. -ism表示主义、学说、信仰Juda·ism n. 犹太教;犹太主义;(总称)犹太人sceptic·ism n. 怀疑;怀疑论;怀疑主义escap·ism n. 逃避现实,空想;逃避主义7. -ist信仰者、专家或进行某种特定行动的人geolog·ist n. 地质学家,地质学者scient·ist n. 科学家theor·ist n. 理论家material·ist n. 唯物主义者;实利主义者8. -ity, -ty表性质equal·ity n. 平等;相等;[数] 等式valid·ity n. [计] 有效性;正确;正确性enorm·ity n. 巨大;暴行;极恶9. -ment表行为或行为的结果argu·ment n. 论证;论据;争吵manage·ment n. 管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段pave·ment n. 人行道equip·ment n. 设备,装备;器材10. -ness表性质或状态kind·ness n. 仁慈;好意;友好的行为dark·ness n. 黑暗;模糊;无知;阴郁bright·ness n. [光][天] 亮度;聪明,活泼;鲜艳;愉快11. -ship表示关系或状态friend·ship n. 友谊;友爱;友善hard·ship n. 困苦;苦难;艰难险阻intern·ship n. 实习生;(美)实习期;实习医师职位12. -sion, -tion表示存在的状态obsess·ion n. 痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理] 强迫观念promot·ion n. 提升,[劳经] 晋升;推销,促销;促进;发扬,振兴possess·ion n. 拥有;财产;领地;自制;着迷。
词性后缀
英语常用词性后缀1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy,表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency,表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency5)-bility,表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility6)-dom,表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood,表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism,表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity,表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment,表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness,表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship,表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship14)-th,表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude,表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure,表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17-grapy,表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics,表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology,表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy,表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)-less,表示否定countless, stainless, wireless3.动词后缀1)-ize, ise,表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en,表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy,表示/使……化,使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish,表示/使,令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate,表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate, operate, indicate4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地。
英语词性及初中常见前后缀
对单词词性的了解有助于语法的学习英语单词词性(注:黑体为词性缩略形式)n. 名词v.动词pron.代词adj. 形容词adv.副词num.数词art.冠词prep.介词conj. 连词interj. 感叹词英语词性缩写prep = 介系词;前置词,preposition的缩写pron = 代名词,pronoun的缩写n = 名词,noun的缩写v = 动词,兼指及物动词和不及物动词,verb的缩写conj = 连接词,conjunction的缩写s = 主词sc = 主词补语o = 受词oc = 受词补语vi = 不及物动词,intransitive verb的缩写vt = 及物动词,transitive verb的缩写aux.v = 助动词,auxiliary的缩写a /adj= 形容词,adjective的缩写ad/adv = 副词,adverb的缩写art = 冠词,article的缩写num = 数词,numeral的缩写int = 感叹词,interjection的缩写u = 不可数名词,uncountable noun的缩写c = 可数名词,countable noun的缩写pl = 复数,plural的缩写语气词int.缩写词abbr.abbr abbreviation(略)略语adj, adjjadjective(s)(形)形容词adv, advvadverb(s)(副)副词adv partadverbial particle(副接)副词接语aux auxiliary(助)助动词cn countable noun(可数)可数名词conj conjunction(连)连接def art definite article(定冠)定冠词eg./egfor example(例如)例如esp especially(尤指)尤指etc and the others(等)等等ie which is to say(意即)意即indef art indefinite article(不定冠词)不定冠词inf infinitive(不定词)不定词int interjection(感)感叹词n noun(s) (名)名词neg negative(ly)(否定)否定的(地)part adj participial adjective(分形)分词形容词pers person(人称)人称pers pron personal pronoun(人称代)人称代名词pl plural(复)复数(的)pp past participle (过去分词)过去分词pref prefix(字首)字首prep preposition(al) (介词)介词,介系词,介词的pron pronoun (代)代名词pt past tense(过去)过去式sb somebody(某人)某人sing singular(单)单数(的)sth something(某事物)某物或某事suff suffix(字尾)字尾un uncountable noun(不可数)不可数名词US America(n)(美)美国(的)v.verb(s) (动)动词[VP]Verb Pattern(动型)动词类型vi .verb intransitive(不及物动词)不及物动词vt. verb transitive (及物动词)及物动词除这十大类词之外,英语还另有判断词yes和no。
英语表示词性的常用后缀
英语表示词性的常用后缀一、名称后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人( person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词: gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer ,mountaineer,auctioneer, driver, teacher,director, actor,professor2.-let 意为:小或者不重要的东西( small,unimportant things )例词: booklet,leaflet, starlet3.-ette意为: 1)小的东西( small)例词: cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation )例词:leatherette 3)女性( female)例词:usherette4. -ess意为:女性( female)例词: actress,poetess,hostess, paintress5.-hood 意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood , manhood6.-ship 意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等( skill ,state,condition , status,quality )例词: leadership,friendship ,membership, lectureship, sportsmanship7.-ful 意为:量( the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful, handful, mouthful ,spoonful8. -tion , -ion 意为: 1)状态,行动等( state;action;etc.)例词: action,oppression,possession, education,starva- tion 2)机构等( institution ;etc.)例词: organization,foundation9. -ment 意为:状态,行动等( state; action; etc.)例词:movement, enslavement, pavement10.-al 意为:动作( action)例词: arrival , refusal, revival ,recital,removal11.-age 意为:程度,数量等( extent; amount; etc.)例词:wastage,coverage, acreage,shrinkage, breakage,hostage 12.-ness;-ity (ty)意为:状态,品质( state;quality ;etc.)例词: happiness, usefulness, selfishness,kindness,rapidity , activity , sanity,changeability13.-ism 意为:道义,主义,学说等( doctrine of, practice of)例词: idealism, impressionism, absenteeism, racism 二、动词后缀1.-ify 意为:转为,变为( to turn into ,to make or become)例词: beautify, diversify , simplify2.-ize;-en意为:使⋯⋯,变得⋯⋯( to make or become ;to make into)例词: modernize, popularize, legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3.-ate 意为:增加,使⋯⋯( give or add,make or become)例词: originate, hydrogenate, validate, differentiate三、形容词后缀:1. -ful 意为:充满,有( full of ;hav- ing ;giving ;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful , hopeful,helpful ,forgetful ,thankful , fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无( without ;not giving )例词: speechless,childless, harmless,hopeless, meaningless3.-ly 意为:有⋯⋯品质的 (having the qualities of )例词:beastly,manly, brotherly , friendly4.-like 意为:像⋯⋯的 ( like )例词: childlike ,statesmanlike,tiger-like5.-y ;-ish 意为:像⋯⋯一般的( somewhat like)例词: meaty,sandy, silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish , girlish ,blackish ,thinnish6.-some意为:像⋯⋯一样的;引起⋯⋯的;有⋯⋯品质的( like ; causing; having the quality of )例词: troublesome,burdensome, wholesome,tiresome,bothersome7.-able(ible )意为:能⋯⋯的;可以⋯⋯的(able to be ;capable) 例词: changeable,readable,drinkable ,comfortable,expansible, convincible8.-ed 意为:有⋯⋯的(having,etc.)例词: wooded,pointed, moneyed, odd-shaped9.-al 意为:有⋯⋯属性的,⋯⋯类型的( nature of ,typicalof )例词: cultural ,personal,regional,musical10.-ary( ory)意为:属于⋯⋯的,与⋯⋯相连的(belonging to ; connected with)例词: revolutionary ,imaginary ,contradictory11.-ous 意为:富含⋯⋯的;有⋯⋯品质的;像⋯⋯的( full of ; having the quality of ;like )例词: glorious,erroneous,malicious, gracious12.-ic(ical)意为:⋯⋯类的;属于⋯⋯的(typical of ;belonging to)例词: historic ,historical ,methodic,methodical,dramatic, heroic13.-ive 意为:有⋯⋯属性的;有某种倾向的( having the nature or quality of ;given or tending to)例词: attractive,talkative , restrictive ,defensive, preventive, constructive,sensitive四、副词后缀1. -ly 意为:以⋯⋯方式( in a...manner; etc.)例词:happily , boldly ,attentive- ly , strangely 2.-ward( s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向( manner and direction of movement)例词:onward( s), backward( s), earthward (s), homeward(s), eastward( s)3.-wise 意为:1)按照⋯⋯方式( in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2 )就⋯⋯而言( asfar as ...is concerned)例词: weatherwise , educationwise 有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加元音后缀时,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner,hit + ing = hitting。
英语单词的前缀和后缀
英语单词的前缀和后缀一、常见前缀。
1. un -- 音标:[ʌn]- 词性:可加在形容词、副词、名词前,表示否定。
- 例如:unhappy [ʌnˈhæpi](adj. 不快乐的),unusually [ʌnˈju:ʒuəli](adv. 不寻常地),unemployment [ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt](n. 失业)2. re -- 音标:[riː]- 词性:可加在动词前,表示“再,又;重新”。
- 例如:rewrite [ˌriːˈraɪt](v. 重写),rebuild [ˌriːˈbɪld](v. 重建)3. dis -- 音标:[dɪs]- 词性:可加在动词、形容词、名词前,表示否定或相反的意思。
- 例如:dislike [dɪsˈlaɪk](v. 不喜欢;n. 厌恶),disappear [ˌdɪs əˈpɪə(r)](v. 消失),dishonest [dɪsˈɒnɪst](adj. 不诚实的)4. in -(在字母l、m、p前变为im -,在字母r前变为ir -,在字母b、n、p前变为il -)- in -音标:[ɪn],im -音标:[ɪm],il -音标:[ɪl],ir -音标:[ɪr]- 词性:可加在形容词前,表示否定。
- 例如:inactive [ɪnˈæktɪv](adj. 不活跃的),impossible [ɪmˈpɒs əbl](adj. 不可能的),illegal [ɪˈliːgl](adj. 非法的),irregular [ɪˈreɡjələ(r)](adj. 不规则的)5. pre -- 音标:[priː]- 词性:可加在动词、名词、形容词前,表示“在……之前”。
- 例如:preview [ˈpriːvjuː](v. 预习;n. 预演),prewar [ˈpriːwɔː(r)](adj. 战前的)6. post -- 音标:[pəʊst]- 词性:可加在名词、形容词前,表示“在……之后”。
词缀词性
-ant 形容词:ignorant, assistant辅助的, 副的, attendant 伴随的, 随之而产生的 buoyant----buoy(浮标,救生圈) + ant----有浮力 的, 轻快的
名词:examinant主考官, applicant申请者, servant, participant attendant服务人员
-ent 形容词:existent, dependent, emergent 名词: resident, patient, solvent溶剂, detergent洗 洁精,去污剂 -ic 形容词:periodic, cubic立方形的, 立方体的, magnetic磁性的, electronic 名词:critic评论者、批评家, mechanic技工、机 械师, logic逻辑, rhetoric 修辞学
具有三种词性的后缀
- ly 同 时 具 有 副 词 , 名 词 与 形 容 词 副词:namely, similarly, badly严重的、恶劣的 形容词:weekly, friendly, homely, costly 名词:weekly周刊,monthly月刊,quarterly季刊
形容词: 以 able, ous, tic, ful, al, ible, tive, less, like, logical, most, proof, some 结尾 形容词后缀: ~able和~ible表示可以,能够, eg:eatable, edible
~less表示否定, eg:homeless ~like表示像, eg:humanlike
-atory 场所 Observatory 天文台 Laboratory 实验室 Lavatory 盥洗室 dictionary, piscary 捕鱼场
英语词性转换及前后缀
英语词性转换归纳动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertisingagree—(in )agreement apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐commit奉献—commitment compliment 称赞,恭维develop---developmentdisgree—disagreement department 局,部 experiment 实验,试验equip 装备---equipment 装备,器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后(de)e去掉再加ment.例如:argue—argument(争论)2.V+ tion 结尾在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力(de)事或人;令人向往(de)地方conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争,比赛discuss—discussion 讨论 graduate 毕业—graduation decide----decision describe—description描写,描绘 (特例,不规则变化)express 表达----expression 词语;表达方式educate-----education operate 操作,动手术—operation(去e再加"ion")organize----organization(把e改成其他字母再加"tion") instruct—instruction 指导, 介绍invent—inventor / invention invite—invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心(de) pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议,暗示--suggestionsolve解决-----solution 解决方法3.V+ ance 结尾appear—appearance 外貌 ,出现 perform----performance 演出accept—acceptance 接受4.V+ ing 结尾 (方法与动词变为现在分词(de)方法相同)meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting wash—washing bathe 洗澡---bathingend 结束----ending 结尾,结局 train 训练---trainingmean ---- meaning 意义 say-----saying 谚语注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母(de)动词,应双写末尾(de)辅音字母,再加-ingswim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning5.V+ 其他succeed—success(成功) Beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐behave 行为,举止----behavior fly—flight 飞行 heat 加热---heat 热量 know---knowledge tour ---tour 旅游/ tourist 游客hit 撞击------hit 轰动一时(de)人或物,碰撞 mix 混合-----mixture 混合物 press 按,压—pressure 压力 sit-----seat 座位succeed—successtour 在……旅游,在……作巡回演出直接+地点动词(v.)→形容词(adj.)1动词后面加able,以e结尾(de)动词则去e加able,表示具有此性质,特点或属性.例如: afford-affordable;love-lovable2动词后面加ed,以e结尾(de)动词则直接加d,表示被动性(de)属性或特点.例如: scatter-scattered use-used3不规则(de)动词则必须记忆,记住其过去分词形式.规律不大,意义同(b).名词变形容词1名词+y(a) (尤其是一些与天气有关(de)名词)anger 生气-----angry hunger---hungry guilt 罪恶---guilty 内疚(de) health---healthy luck---lucky cloud---cloudywind—windy rain---rainy snow---snowytourist------touristy 游客多(de) business---busysalt 盐--- salty 咸(de) silk 丝绸—silky 丝绸般(de)sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡(de)注意:1)如果以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,这时应双写辅音字母再加"-y".sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy有雾(de) fur—furry毛皮(de) 2)少数以不发音(de)e结尾(de)名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加"-y". noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(发亮(de)), taste(口味)—tasty(甜(de))2.名词+ ed 名词后面加-ed,以e结尾(de)直接加d.balance –balanced 平衡(de) spot 斑点,地点----spotted 有斑点(de) talent-----talented 有天赋(de)organized 有组织(de) distusted 厌恶(de) offended 生气(de) crowded 拥挤(de)polluted 被污染(de) pleased 高兴(de)3.名词+ ful/less 一些抽象名词在词尾加-ful可以变为形容词在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义(de)形容词meaning—meaningful 有意义(de) care—careful/ careless 小心(de);粗心(de)help---helpful / helpless home—homeless 无家可归(de) colour---colourful pain 疼痛---painful 痛苦(de)use---useless/ useful thank—thankful 充满感激(de)peace 和平 ---- peaceful 平静(de),宁静(de) playful 顽皮(de),爱玩耍(de)4.名词+ able名词如果以e结尾就去e再加"-able".adjustable 可调整knowledge---knowledgeable comfort---comfortablesuit 一套-----suitable 合适(de) value—valuable有价值(de)5.名词+ ousenormous 巨大(de) danger—dangerousmystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘(de)6.ce 变 tconfidence----confident difference---different silence—silent,7. al 结尾medicine 药----medical 医学(de)(这个比较特殊)music---musical nature---natural 自然(de)person---personal私人(de) nation—national 国家(de) education---educational有教育意义(de)tradition----traditional 传统(de) origin起源---original 新颖(de);独创(de)8.名词+ lyfriend—friendly live---lively 活跃(de),有生气(de)love—lovely 可爱(de)9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制(de) wool—woolen 羊毛(de)10.一些表示国家(de)名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或-n构成表示国籍,语言(de)形容词China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)11. 其他energy精力---energetic fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢(de)freedom 自由—free 空(de), 免费(de) death---deadheight 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱(de)pleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular pride---proudscientist----scientific 科学(de)方位(de)词表达名词—形容词East—eastern West—western South—southern North---northernIn the west of China In the western part of China四大洲名词-----形容词Asia 亚洲--Asian Africa 非洲--- African Europe欧洲--- European America 美洲-----American形容词变副词1.形容词+ lybad—badly bright—brightly 明亮地 casual—casually 随意地clear—clearly 清楚地complete—completely 完全correct---correctly 正确地 final--finally fortunate—fortunately幸运地 general—generally 一般来讲loud—loudly particular 特殊(de),独特(de)—particularlypolite—politely proper 合适(de),恰当(de)---properlymain----mainly主要地 most 多数-----mostly 多半,大多数normal---normally 正常地 quick—quickly quiet—quietly 轻轻地,安静地 real—really recent 最近(de)----recently 最近;近来hard 难(de);努力地---hardly 几乎不 late 迟(de)—lately 最近;近来 sad—sadly slow---slowly special—specially 专门,特殊地 specific---specifically 特定地,明确地 usual—usuallystrong—strongly 坚决地, 强烈地 sudden—suddenly突然2.以-ble或-le结尾(de)形容词,去掉e加-ycomfortable---comfortably gentle—gently possible---possiblysimple ----simply 仅仅;只;简单地 terrible---terribly3. 辅音字母+ y 变 ilyeasy—easily heavy—heavily happy--happily angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, noisy—noisily4.少数以e结尾(de)形容词,要去掉e再加-lytrue—truly但绝大多数以e结尾(de)形容词仍然直接加-ly例如: polite—politely, wide—widely5.以-l结尾(de)形容词变为副词时要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾(de)才在词尾只加-y.usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefullyfull—fully (以-ll结尾(de)才只加y)6.特殊good—well好地 well 身体健康(de) ,井 true—truly名词---形容词—副词beauty 美,美人—beautiful—beautifully care—careful—carefullycare—careless—carelesslydifference---different---differentlyhappiness—happy—happily hunger—hungry—hungrilyhealth—healthy—healthily luck—lucky—luckily noise—noisy—noisily pride—proud—proudly骄傲地sadness—sad—sadly safety 安全;安全(de)地方—safe—safely silence—silent---silently 默默地success—successful—successfully truth—true—truly unluck—unlucky—unluckily wonder 奇迹—wonderful—wonderfully既是形容词又是副词early get up early ; an early trainlate be late for class come late for schooldeep dive deep into the sea a deep holehigh jump high; a high mountainhard a hard question;a hard stone work hard / study hard rain hardlong It takes too long It takes a long timefar jump far My home is far from schoolstraight a straight line go straight along here前缀a-,an-①无,不,非 astable不稳定(de) acentric无中心(de)②含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意义asleep在熟睡中 ahead向前ab- 脱离 abnormal不正常(de) abaxial离开轴心(de)anti- 反抗 antiwar反战(de) anti-imperialist反帝(de)auto- 自动,自己 autobiography自传 autostable自动稳定be- 使…加强 belittle使缩小 befriend友好相待bi- 二,双 biweekly双周刊 biligual两种语言(de)co,col,com,con,cor 共同 cooperation协作 collaboration协作,勾结combine联合 correlation相互关系counter-,contra- 反,对应 counteraction反作用 contrast对比,对照di-,dif-,dis- 否定,相反 diffident不自信(de) dislike不喜欢en,em- 使… enlarge扩大 enable使…能 empower使…有权力e-,ex- 外,出 external外部(de) erupt喷出extra- 以外,超过 extraordinary格外(de) extrasolar太阳系以外(de) hyper- 在上,超 hyperfrequency超高频 hypersonic超声(de)il-,im-,in-,ir- 否定 illogical不合逻辑(de) impossible不可能(de) invisible不可见irrational不合理(de)inter- 互相 interchange交换 interlock连锁intra-,intro- 在内,内部 intrapersonal个人内心(de) introspect内省mal- 恶,不良 maltreat虐待 malfunction机能失常micro- 微 microscrope显微镜 microware微波mid- 中,中间 mid air半空中 midstream中流mini- 小 minibus小公共汽车 ministate小国mis- 错,坏 mistake错误 misspell拼错multi- 多 multiparty多党(de) multilingual多种语言(de)non- 否定 nonsmoker不抽烟(de)人 nonexistent不存在(de)out- 超过,过度,外,出,除去 outgo走得比…远 outgrow长得太大outdoor户外(de) outroot除根over- 上,过度 overwork工作过度 overbridge天桥post- 后 postwar战后 postnatal诞生后(de)pre- 前,领先 prewar战前(de) prefix前缀re- 回,再 return返回 restart重新开始semi- 半 semicircle半圆 semiconductor半导体sub-,suc-,suf-,sup- 次,亚,在下,低于 substandard低于标准规格(de) succeed继承 suffix后缀 supplement增补trans- 转换,变换,横过,越过 transmit传送 transatlantic横渡大西洋(de)tri- 三 tricar三轮车 triangle三角(形)un- 否定 unstable不稳定(de) unknown未知(de)under-下,内(指衣服),不足underground地下(de) underskirt衬裙underpay付资不足uni- 单一 uniform均匀(de) unipolar单极(de)英语中常见(de)后缀一、名词性后缀1,-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称percentage百分数,百分率,voltage电压,伏特数,lavage灌洗,洗,出法,gavage管词法,curettage刮除法,shortage不足,缺少.2,-cy表示抽象名词accuracy 准确,精确度,infancy婴儿期.3,-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同,interference干扰,干预,influence影响,感化,occurrence 发出,出现,violence激烈,暴力,existence存在,significance意义,意味. 4,-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足,不全,tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率,pregnancy妊娠,emergency紧急,急救,fluency流利,流畅,sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变.5,-er表示…人、…者diameter直径,receiver接收者,接受者,carrier 携带者,beginner初学者,创始人,reader读者,shutter 快门,goiter甲状腺肿.6,-ics 表示…科学psdiatrics儿科学,psychiatrics精神病学,obstetrics产科学,orthopdics 矫形科学,auristrics耳科学,gnathostomatics口腔生理学,andriatrics男性医学,男性科.7,-ian表示人称名词physician医师,内科医师,technician技术员8,-ication 由动词变化而来(de)抽象名词,常译为…化simpliffcation 简化,calcification钙化,classification分类,分级, communication交流,交往.9,-ing由动词变化而来(de)动名词nursing护理,typing分型,分类,mapping绘制…图,bleeding出血,vomiting 呕吐,softening变软,functioning使器官活动,使器官有功能,positioning 把…放在适当(de)位置,mathching和…相配,imaging成像.10,-ion 由动词构成(de)名词occasion偶然原因,近因,时机,division分割,分开,vision视力,视觉,distortion扭曲,变形.11,-ism表示制度,主义及现象等(de)抽象名词mehanism机理,机制,autism孤独性.12,-ist表示人称名词specialist专家,internist内科医生,padiatrist儿科学家,biololgist生物学家,economist经济学家,chemist化学家,obstetrist产科学家,产科医师.13,-ization由动词构成(de)抽象名词recanalization再管化,再通化,chatheterization插管,immunization免疫法,预防接种,organization组织,机构,机化,hospitalization住院,normalization正常化,ketonization酮化作用.14,-logy表示学科morphology形态学,histology组织学,neurology神经学,embryology胚胎学,radiology放射学,laryngorhinology喉鼻科学,proctology直肠学,hexiology个体,生态学.15,-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物measurement 测量,量度,experiment实验,instrument 仪器,器械,integument体被,皮肤,segment节段,fragment片段,断片,碎片,replacement替代,置换,increment增长,增殖,development发育,显影,movement动作,活动,ligment韧带,equipment器材,装置,设备,improvement改善.16,-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词tenderness触痛,hardness坚硬,thickness厚度,effectiveness有效,usefulness有用(de),coldness寒冷,dampness潮湿,darkness 黑暗,shallowness浅,permanentness永久,brightness明亮.17,-or表示…人,…物inhibitor抑制物,doctor医生,monitor监视器,donor给血者,供体,directo 主任,ctor因素, operator操作者,手术者.18,-ry表示集合名词laboratory实验室,chemistry化学.19,-ship表示状态relationship关系,联系,interrelationship 相互关系,相互联系.20,-th由形容词构成名词length长度,width宽度,depth深度,truth真理.21,-ty表示性质rigidity强直,僵硬,speciality特征,专业,responsibility责任,责任心,capacity容量,智能,能力,mortality死亡率,morbidity发病率,nocturnality夜间,safty 安全性,conductivty传导性,permeability渗透性,property性质,plenty丰富,unity整体,统一性,obesity肥胖,similarity类似,相似.22,-ure表示行为结果failure衰竭,pressure 压力,curvature弯曲,fissure裂隙,裂,puncture穿刺,rupture破裂,structure结构,seizure发作,nomenclature名称,术语.二、形容词性后缀1,-able表示可能(de),可以(de)excitable易兴备(de),acceptable易接受(de),movable可移动(de),alterable可改变(de),可改动(de),available可用(de),可得到(de),uncomfortable不舒(de).2,-al表示有…(de)属性regional 局部(de)natural自然(de),special特别(de),特殊(de),spinal脊髓(de),central 中央(de),vertrbral脊柱(de),cervical颈(de),mural壁(de),terminal末端(de),typical典型(de),digital手指(de),数字(de),temperal暂时(de),短暂(de),capital首要(de),重要(de),vocal有声(de),声带(de),several几个,parasternal胸骨旁(de).3,-ant有些是从动词派生来(de)significant在意义(de),persistant持久(de),坚持(de)(从动词persist 来(de)),resistant抵抗(de),反抗(de)(自动词resist派生),important 重要(de),infant婴儿(de),constant坚定(de),持久(de),pernanent永久(de).4,-ar表示…特征(de),…形状(de)regular规则(de),muscular肌肉(de),circular环形(de),圆(de),anular环(de).5,-ary 表示与…有关(de)ordinary平常(de),通常(de),anniversary周年(de),voluntary自愿(de),随意(de).6,-ed 用于名词加ed,转化为形容词,或动词过去分词作形容词.Coded加密码(de)(名词code 加ed),colored加颜色(de),deposited被沉淀(de)(由动词deposite加ed),curved使…弯曲(de),limited有限(de),lubricated滑润(de),使滑润(de),surrounded围住(de),被围绕(de). 7,-ent与-ant同类consistent坚定(de),different不同(de),sufficient足够(de),convenient 便利(de),方便(de),evident明显(de),fluent流利(de),流畅(de),efficient有效(de),frequent常常(de),频繁(de).8,-ful由名词构成形容词useful有用(de),successful成功(de),plentiful丰富(de),helpful有帮助(de).9,-ible与-able相同.Visible可见(de),irreversible 不可逆(de),impossible不可能(de),inaudible听不见(de).三、动词性后缀1,-ate多用于外来词构成动词deviate背离、偏离,decelerate减速,accelerate加速,degenerate变性,operate操作,手术,defibrillate除颤,vibrate振动、颤动,migrate移动,angulate成角,anticipate预期、期望,abbreviate缩写,antecede在…之前.2,-en形容词构成动词,表示变、加、使…weaken变弱、变衰弱,soften使…软化,thicken使…变厚,strenghten加强,shorten使…变短,wooden木制(de),deepen加深、深化,harden使…变硬,lengthen使…延长,loosen放松、解开,quicken加快、刺激,roughen变粗糙,lighten减轻,sharpen变尖锐.3,-ize加在形容词或名词上,表示…化neutralize中和,standardize标准化,mineralize矿物质化,repolarize复极化,depolarize去极化,sensitize 致敏,metastasize转移.四、副词性后缀1,-ly由形容构成(de)副词,最为常用,表示……地simaltaneously同时地,concurrently同时地,widely广泛地,excrusively 专用地、唯一地,scarcely仅仅、刚刚,immediately立即. 2,-ward(s)加在前置词上,构成副词,表示方向.。
英语表示词性的常用后缀
英语表示词性的常用后缀一、名称后缀1.-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor2.-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词:usherette 4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship7.-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization,foundation9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement10.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal11.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability13.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism二、动词后缀1.-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify2.-ize;-en意为:使……,变得……(to make or become ;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3.-ate意为:增加,使……(give or add,make or become)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate三、形容词后缀:1.-ful意为:充满,有(full of;hav- ing;giving;etc.)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful 2.-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless3.-ly意为:有……品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly4.-like意为:像……的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like5.-y;-ish意为:像……一般的(somewhat like)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish6.-some意为:像……一样的;引起……的;有……品质的(like;causing;having the quality of)例词:troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome7.-able(ible)意为:能……的;可以……的(able to be ;capable)例词:changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible8.-ed意为:有……的(having,etc.)例词:wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped9.-al意为:有……属性的,……类型的(nature of,typical of)例词:cultural,personal,regional,musical10.-ary(ory)意为:属于……的,与……相连的(belonging to;connected with)例词:revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory 11.-ous意为:富含……的;有……品质的;像……的(full of;having the quality of;like)例词:glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious12.-ic(ical)意为:……类的;属于……的(typical of;belonging to)例词:historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic13.-ive意为:有……属性的;有某种倾向的(having the nature or quality of;given or tending to)例词:attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive四、副词后缀1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)例词:happily,boldly,attentive- ly,strangely2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward (s),homeward(s),eastward(s)3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(asfar as ...is concerned)例词:weatherwise ,educationwise有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个单音辅音,在加元音后缀时,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner,hit + ing = hitting。
(完整版)英语词性后缀
后缀-名词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:1. -ster, -eer, -er(or)意为: 从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词: gamester, gangster, songster, engineer, profiteer, mountaineer, auctioneer, driver, teacher, director, actor, professor2.-let意为: 小或者不重要的东西(small, unimportant things)例词: booklet, leaflet, starlet3. -ette意为: 1)小的东西(small)例词: cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词: leatherette 3)女性(female)例词: usherette4. -ess意为: 女性(female)例词: actress, poetess, hostess, paintress5. -hood意为: 时期(status;etc. )例词: boyhood男孩时代, childhood 童年, manhood成年男子6. -ship意为: 才能, 状态, 资格, 品质等(skill, state, condition, status, quality)例词: leadership领导才能, friendship友谊, membership 会员资格, lectureship讲师, sportsmanship运动精神7. -ful意为: 量(the amount which noun contains)例词: cupful, handful, mouthful, spoonful8. -tion, -ion意为: 1)状态, 行动等(state;action;etc. )例词: action 动作, oppression苦恼, possession财产, education教育)。
名词性,形容词性和副词性的后缀
名词性,形容词性和副词性的后缀一、名词性后缀1,-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称percentage百分数,百分率,voltage电压,伏特数,lavage灌洗,洗,出法,gavage管词法,curettage刮除法,shortage不足,缺少。
2,-cy表示抽象名词accuracy 准确,精确度,infancy婴儿期。
3,-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同,interference干扰,干预,influence影响,感化,occurrence发出,出现,violence激烈,暴力,existence存在,significance意义,意味。
4,-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足,不全,tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率,pregnancy妊娠,emergency 紧急,急救,fluency流利,流畅,sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变。
5,-er表示…人、…者diameter直径,receiver接收者,接受者,carrier 携带者,beginner初学者,创始人,reader 读者,shutter 快门,goiter甲状腺肿。
6,-ics 表示…科学psdiatrics儿科学,psychiatrics精神病学,obstetrics产科学,orthopdics矫形科学,auristrics 耳科学,gnathostomatics口腔生理学,andriatrics男性医学,男性科。
7,-ian表示人称名词physician医师,内科医师,technician技术员8,-ication 由动词变化而来的抽象名词,常译为…化simpliffcation 简化,calcification钙化,classification分类,分级,communication交流,交往。
9,-ing由动词变化而来的动名词nursing护理,typing分型,分类,mapping绘制…图,bleeding出血,vomiting呕吐,softening 变软,functioning使器官活动,使器官有功能,positioning 把…放在适当的位置,mathching 和…相配,imaging成像。
英语常见-后缀+前缀-词性(全!!)
英语常见后缀词性1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor2)-acy, 表示/性质,状态,境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy3)-ance, -ence表示/性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience4)-ancy, -ency, 表示/性质,状态,行为,过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency5)-bility, 表示/动作,性质,状态/ possibility, flexibility, feasibility6)-dom, 表示/等级,领域,状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom7)-hood, 表示/资格,身份,年纪,状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示/行为的过程,结果,状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction9)-ism, 表示/制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism10)-ity, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity11)-ment, 表示/行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument12)-ness, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness13)-ship, 表示/情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业/ hardship, membership, friendship14)-th, 表示/动作,性质,过程,状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth15)-tude, 表示/性质,状态,程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)16)-ure, 表示/行为,结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)17-grapy, 表示/……学,写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography18)-ic, ics, 表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics19)-ology, 表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)20)-nomy, 表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)2. 形容词后缀 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive4)-like, manlike, childlike5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly6)-some, troublesome, handsome7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various9)-ent, violent10)-most, foremost, topmost11)-less, 表示否定countless, stainless, wireless3. 动词后缀 1)-ize, ise, 表示/做成,变成,……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize2)-en, 表示/使成为,引起,使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden3)-fy, 表示/使……化,使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify4)-ish, 表示/使,令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish5)-ate, 表示/成为……,处理,作用/ separate, operate, indicate4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地,恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise(OE):clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地英语常见前缀意思前缀没有特别重要的含义,只是表示简单的方向感,类似汉语中的前、后、左、右等,放在单词之首,配合词根来表达单词的含义,常用的有九种一.分表示否定的前缀1.dis-加在名词、形容词,动词之前。
英语词性及后缀
英语单词词根词缀和词性互相转换一、词形转换A.动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertisingdevelop---development manage---management 经营管理2.V+ tion 结尾attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人;令人向往的地方permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议,暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法3.V+ ance 结尾appear—appearance 外貌,出现perform----performance 演出4.V+ ing 结尾end 结束----ending 结尾,结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义5.V+ 其他beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐behave 行为,举止----behavior know---knowledge fly—flight 飞行heat 加热---heat 热量hit 撞击---hit 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞mix 混合-----mixture 混合物press 按,压—pressure 压力sit-----seat 座位B.名词变形容词1名词+yanger--angry hunger---hungry sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味,品味---tasty 甜的2.名词+ edbalance –balanced 平衡的spot 斑点,地点----spotted 有斑点的talent-----talented 有天赋的3.名词+ ful/lessmeaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的;粗心的4.名词+ ablecomfort---comfortable knowledge---knowledgeable suit 一套-----suitable 合适的5.名词+ ousenormous 巨大的danger—dangerous mystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变tconfidence----confident difference---different7. al 结尾nature---natural 自然的person---personal (私人的) nation—national 国家的8.名词+ lyfriend—friendly live---lively 活跃的,有生气的love—lovely 可爱的9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的10. 其他energy精力---energetic fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的,免费的height 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的death---dead pleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular pride---proudscientist----scientific 科学的方位的词表达名词—形容词East—eastern West—western South—southern North---northernIn the west of China In the western part of China四大洲名词-----形容词Asia 亚洲--Asian Africa 非洲--- African Europe欧洲--- EuropeanAmerica 美洲-----AmericanC.形容词变副词1.形容词+ lybad—badly bright—brightly 明亮地most 多数-----mostly 多半,大多数2. 以le 结尾的去e + ycomfortable---comfortably gentle—gently possible---possibly3. 辅音字母+ y 变ilyeasy—easily heavy—heavily happy--happily4.特殊good—well好地well 身体健康的,井true—truly名词---形容词—副词beauty 美,美人—beautiful—beautifully care—careful—carefully care—careless—carelessly difference---different---differently happiness—happy—happily hunger—hungry—hungrily health—healthy—healthily luck—lucky—luckily noise—noisy—noisily pride—proud—proudly骄傲地sadness—sad—sadly safety 安全;安全的地方—safe—safelysilence—silent---silently 默默地success—successful—successfully truth—true—truly unluck—unlucky—unluckily wonder 奇迹—wonderful—wonderfullyD.既是形容词又是副词early get up early ; an early trainlate be late for class come late for schooldeep dive deep into the sea a deep holehigh jump high; a high mountainhard a hard question;a hard stone work hard / study hard rain hardlong It takes too long It takes a long timefar jump far My home is far from schoolstraight a straight line go straight along here二、派生:指由一个词根加上前缀和(或)后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。
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英语单词词根词缀和词性互相转换一、词形转换A.动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertisingdevelop---development manage---management 经营管理2.V+ tion 结尾attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人令人向往的地方permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法3.V+ ance 结尾appear—appearance 外貌,出现perform----performance 演出4.V+ ing 结尾end 结束----ending 结尾,结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义5.V+ 其他beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐behave 行为,举止----behavior know---knowledge fly—flight 飞行heat 加热---heat 热量hit 撞击---hit 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞mix 混合-----mixture 混合物press 按,压—pressure 压力sit-----seat 座位B.名词变形容词1名词+yanger--angry hunger---hungry sleep---sleepy 昏昏欲睡的taste 口味,品味---tasty 甜的2.名词+ edbalance –balanced 平衡的spot 斑点,地点----spotted 有斑点的talent-----talented 有天赋的3.名词+ ful/lessmeaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的/粗心的4.名词+ ablecomfort---comfortable knowledge---knowledgeable suit 一套-----suitable 合适的5.名词+ ousenormous 巨大的danger—dangerous mystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的6.ce 变tconfidence----confident difference---different7. al 结尾nature---natural 自然的person---personal (私人的) nation—national 国家的8.名词+ lyfriend—friendly live---lively 活跃的,有生气的love—lovely 可爱的9.+ en 结尾wood—wooden 木制的wool—woolen 羊毛的10. 其他energy精力---energetic fool 傻子—foolish 愚蠢的freedom 自由—free 空的,免费的height 高度—high illness 疾病--- ill love—loving 慈爱的death---dead pleasure---pleasant / pleased popularity 流行性—popular pride---proudscientist----scientific 科学的方位的词表达名词—形容词East—eastern West—western South—southern North---northernIn the west of China In the western part of China四大洲名词-----形容词Asia 亚洲--Asian Africa 非洲--- African Europe欧洲--- EuropeanAmerica 美洲-----AmericanC.形容词变副词1.形容词+ lybad—badly bright—brightly 明亮地most 多数-----mostly 多半大多数2. 以le 结尾的去e + ycomfortable---comfortably gentle—gently possible---possibly3. 辅音字母+ y 变ilyeasy—easily heavy—heavily happy--happily4.特殊good—well好地well 身体健康的,井true—truly名词---形容词—副词beauty 美,美人—beautiful—beautifully care—careful—carefully care—careless—carelessly difference---different---differently happiness—happy—happily hunger—hungry—hungrily health—healthy—healthily luck—lucky—luckily noise—noisy—noisily pride—proud—proudly骄傲地sadness—sad—sadly safety 安全安全的地方—safe—safelysilence—silent---silently 默默地success—successful—successfully truth—true—truly unluck—unlucky—unluckily wonder 奇迹—wonderful—wonderfullyD.既是形容词又是副词early get up early ;an early trainlate be late for class come late for schooldeep dive deep into the sea a deep holehigh jump high; a high mountainhard a hard question;a hard stone work hard / study hard rain hardlong It takes too long It takes a long timefar jump far My home is far from schoolstraight a straight line go straight along here二、派生:指由一个词根加上前缀和(或)后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。
A.前缀:一般而言,前缀只改变词的含意,并不改变词的词性,有些前缀如en- , under-等却使原词改变了词性,如force ( n 力量)—enforce ( v 加强)rich ( adj 富有)—enrich( v 使富裕)line ( n 线)—underline ( v 在……之下画线)。
a-,an-①无,不,非astable不稳定的acentric无中心的②含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意义asleep在熟睡中ahead向前ab- 脱离abnormal不正常的abaxial离开轴心的anti- 反抗antiwar反战的anti-imperialist反帝的auto- 自动,自己autobiography自传autostable自动稳定be- 使…加强belittle使缩小befriend友好相待bi- 二,双biweekly双周刊biligual两种语言的co,col,com,con,cor 共同cooperation协作collaboration协作勾结combine联合counter-,contra- 反,对应counteraction反作用contrast对比,对照di-,dif-,dis- 否定,相反diffident不自信的dislike不喜欢en,em- 使…enlarge扩大enable使…能empower使…有权力e-,ex- 外,出external外部的erupt喷出extra- 以外,超过extraordinary格外的extrasolar太阳系以外的hyper- 在上,超hyperfrequency超高频hypersonic超声的il-,im-,in-,ir- 否定illogical不合逻辑的impossible不可能的invisible不可见inter- 互相interchange交换interlock连锁intra-,intro- 在内,内部intrapersonal个人内心的introspect内省mal- 恶,不良maltreat虐待malfunction机能失常micro- 微microscrope显微镜microware微波mid- 中,中间midair半空中midstream中流mini- 小minibus小公共汽车ministate小国mis- 错坏mistake错误misspell拼错multi- 多multiparty多党的multilingual多种语言的non- 否定nonsmoker不抽烟的人nonexistent不存在的out- 超过,过度,外,出,除去outgo走得比…远outgrow长得太大outdoor户外的over- 上,过度overwork工作过度overbridge天桥post- 后postwar战后postnatal诞生后的pre- 前,领先prewar战前的prefix前缀re- 回,再return返回restart重新开始semi- 半semicircle半圆semiconductor半导体sub-,suc-,suf-,sup- 次,亚,在下,低于substandard低于标准规格的succeed继承suffix后缀supplement增补trans- 转换,变换,横过,越过transmit传送transatlantic横渡大西洋的tri- 三tricar三轮车triangle三角(形)un- 否定unstable不稳定的unknown未知的under-下,内(指衣服),不足underground地下的underskirt衬裙underpay付资不足uni- 单一uniform均匀的unipolar单极的B.后缀:通常情况下,后缀不但改变词,还改变词性,常见的后缀有动词后缀、副词后缀、形容词后缀和名词后缀。
a.名词性后缀1.-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为状态和全体总称percentage百分数,百分率voltage电压,伏特数shortage不足,缺少。
2.-cy表示抽象名词accuracy 准确,精确度infancy婴儿期。
3.-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同interference干扰干预influence影响感化occurrence发出出现4.-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足,不全tendency趋势,趋向frequency频率5.-er表示…人、…者receiver接收者,接受者carrier 携带者,beginner初学者,创始人reader读者6.-ics 表示…科学psychiatrics精神病学obstetrics产科学orthopdics矫形科学auristrics耳科学7.-ian表示人称名词physician医师,内科医师technician技术员8.-ication 由动词变化而来的抽象名词常译为…化simpliffcation 简化calcification钙化classification分类分级communication交流交往。