英语四级综合笔记
四级大学英语笔记
soldier 士兵 punish sb for sth 为某事而惩罚某人
be accustomed to doing be used to doing 习惯于 to作介词接现代分词
acknowledge 承认 承认、、、的权威 答谢 告知收到 knowledge 知识
第三
acquaint 使认识 使了解 acquaint oneself with sb 认识 了解 熟悉 acquaint sb with sth 使、、、某人了解 把 、、、告知某人
out of mind 心不在焉 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能的 毫不可能
lose sight of / out of sight 看不见
be absorbed（吸收 引起、、、的注意 同化） in /concentrate on 全神贯注于、、、 sorb 吸收 draw 吸引 attract 吸引 引起
accomplish 实现 完成 达到 accompany 陪伴 陪同 伴随 为、、、伴奏 company 陪伴 公司
accountancy 会计工作 会计学 accountant 会计人员 会计师
accumulate 积累 堆积 cumul 堆积 acquire the skills 掌握技能
第二
accelerate 使增速 使加速 celer 速度 rate 比 率 等级 速度
accent 口音 腔调 重音 cent词根 百 stick out 坚持 坚定 固守 carry out 坚持 遵循
英语四级笔记(珍藏版)
短对话部分短对话听力的一些原则1．推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。
2．挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等）3．男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。
男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。
男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好4．父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习5．除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的，故遇到地点推测题类似at home / at Mary’s home之类的选项一般都是不对的。
6．四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项短对话十大场景及一般思路1．借车：车一般是借不到的2．吃：匹萨，海鲜吃了一般会有不适反应，―派‖一般比较好吃3．考试：作业、论文一般比较难，或须要熬夜教授一般比较严厉选修课较难较多4．坐车（飞机、轮船）：一般都需要等5．事故（灾难）：光明原则，一般不会死人6．听讲座：题目一般是比较有趣丰富的，内容一般是比较复杂难懂的7．论文：一般需要修改（polish）或重写（rewrite）8．休闲：男生一般喜欢待在家里看TV或者看moive，女生一般喜欢高雅艺术如theater9．医院：需要预约make an appointment10买票：基本上是买不到的短对话的常见场景1.学校场景课程分类Optional course 选修课Required course 必修课Day course 白天的课Evening course 晚上的课经常出现的科目或专业Chinese 中文English 英语mathematic 数学history 历史chemistry 化学Literature 文学考试Final exam 期终考试middle exam 期中考试make up 补考test测验pop test 事先没有说好的测验quiz 测验oral test 口试考试临近draw on / in sight of / draw nearly考试延期或取消delay / be off / defer / hold up / postpone / put off / suspend学校分类public school 公立学校private school 私立学校religious school 教会学校学校中的人president 校长dean 院长professor 教授lecturer 讲师coordinator 管理员doctor 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士freshman 大一新生sophomore 大二学生junior 大三学生senior 大四学生图书馆借书lend / borrow / check out参考书reference book续借renew过期overdue还书return罚金fineattend / have a lecture 上课cut a class 逃课miss a class 错过了课scholarship 荣誉奖学金assistantship 助教奖学金teaching assistant 助教research assistant 助研semester 学期2.交通运输场景fare 车票licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞overtake 超车one way street 单行道over speed 超速police officer 交警ticket 罚单fine 罚金fast way / express way / high way 高速公路motor way 机动车道super way 飞机机动车道free way 免费高速公路交通工具（出现频率从高到低）plane / train（女）/ bus / bike（女）/ walk （女）/ taxi（女）：女生比较喜欢tunnel / channel 隧道ring road 环线subway（美）/ underground （英）地铁metro 地道地铁underpass人行地道overhead 轻轨flyover 人行天桥mag – lev 磁悬浮take a taxi 乘出租车call a taxi 招出租车/订出租车catch a train / bus 赶火车/汽车3.电话场景mobile phone 手机pay phone 公用电话telephone box/booth 电话亭yellow page 黄页dial （拨电话号码）/ press （按电话号码）extension 分机operator 总机put~through 接通wrong number / there is no one by this name 电话号码错了/ 没有这个人is not in 不在？be not inhold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up / get off 挂断credit call 记账式电话bill the call into the 3rd party 免费电话collect call 对方付费电话4.机场场景plane / craft 飞机book 订票timetable 时间表destination 目的地open ticketone way ticket 单程票round trip ticket 来回票non-stop / direct flight 直航transfer / lay over / stop over 转机first / business / economy cabin 头等/ 商务/ 经济舱confirm the flight 确认航班check in 登记boarding card 登机牌security check 安检see off 送行送别时的祝语keep in touch 保持联系safe landing 安全着陆board 登机take off 起飞departure 离港safety / sect belt 安全带land 着陆arrival 进港pick up 接机5.公司场景job vacancy有空缺职位letter of application 求职信resume 简历resume包括几部分basic / personal info. 基本信息/个人资料academic background 教育背景work experience 工作经验certificates and honoursinterview 面试offer 聘用信work experience 工作经验work overtime 加班ask for a raise 加钱wage 周薪salary 日薪bonus奖金allowance 津贴annual income 年收入promotion 升职fire 解雇resign 辞职retire 退休laid-off 下岗work / job / career / course 工作post / position / vocation / title 职务假期休息的说法（依次是从大到小）holiday 假日，假期vacation 休假annual leave 年假sick leave 病假rest 休息break 指喝杯茶、喝杯咖啡的休息coffee break away 离开一会公司职位从大到小chairman of the boardpresident -- general manager—manager – department manager—head – officer – specialist（专员）-- clerk6.租房场景live on campus 住校live off campus 住校外for sale 可销售的房子for rent / lease 可出租的房子to let 同上rent 租金utilities 公用事业费location 位置suburb / downtown 市郊/ 市中心condition 住房条件furnished 配家具unfurnished 无装修leaking 漏水blackout 断电environment 环境transportation 交通land lord 房东land lady 房东太太tenant 房客roommate 室友好的室友：neat 整洁的considerate 体贴的，细心的不好的室友：messy / untidy 脏乱的noisy 吵闹的7.医院场景see a doctor 去医院看医生send for a doctor 让医生出诊health center / clinic 卫生所/ 门诊部physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医make an appointment 预约emergency 急诊check up / exam 检查cold（感冒）—— flu （流感）—— headache （头痛）—— sore throat（嗓子痛）——fever（发烧）——toothache（牙疼）——stomachache （胃疼）prescribe 开药方pill / tablet 药片liquid 喝药水injection => shot 注射operation 手术medical result 诊断结果8.宾馆场景make a reservation 预订房间confirm a reservation 确认预订cancel a reservation 取消预订fully booked / full up / full 客满porter 行旅员tips 小费reception 前台check in 登记入住single room 单人房double room 一张大床的双人房twin room 两张单人床的双人房suite 套房bathroom toilet / w.c closet restroom 厕所room service 客房服务（四级听力中的客房服务一般只有考一种——送餐）lounge 男士用休息区lobby 大堂business center 商务中心salon 美容厅ball 舞厅bar 酒吧night club 夜总会check out 退房9.邮局场景post / send / mail 寄letter / mail 信registered mail 挂号信regular mail 平信airmail 航空信parcel / package 包裹telegram / cable 电报rate 费率overweight 超重postage 邮资email 电子邮件reply 回复forward 转发cc（carbon copy）抄送bcc（blind carbon copy）秘密抄送subject 主题attach 附件attachment10.饭店场景eat out 出去吃take away 外带fast food 快餐book a table 订位子waiter / waitness 服务员waitressmenu 菜单order 点菜appetizer 开胃菜main course 主食dessert 餐后甜点bill 账单service charge 服务费change 找零tips 小费keep the change 不用找零了11．其他closed 关门open 开门office hours / business hours / working hours 工作时间，营业时间关于开关power on / off 开/关turn on / off 开/关switch on / off 开/ 关（这个词只能用于与电有关的开关，不能用于水龙头之类的开关）干杯cheerspropose a toast tobottom upthe best book 最好的书圣经the best thing 最好的事情选择the last thing 最不愿意做的事情the last man 最不愿意见的人best seller 畅销的东西sell up 卖完，卖光售罄sell out卖完，卖光售罄/ 出卖朋友或原则sell off 低价处理库存商品selling machine 自动售货机selling point 卖点count the days 渴望count on = dependent / rely on depend oncount in 把……考虑在内count for nothing 一钱不值count for little 无足轻重count for much 举足轻重count down 倒计时count up 相加count up to 共计关于旅行traveljourney 陆上长途旅行trip 陆上短途旅行outing 远足stroll 散步wander 徘徊picnic 野餐camping 野营tour 周游cruise 水上短途旅行voyage 水上长途旅行关于死亡的说法没有感情色彩的：die / end up / meat one’s death / decease褒义的：pass away贬义的：kick the bucket关于和别人相处的好的说法get on with = get along (well) withbe in good term withlive in peace with关于强调point outemphasizelay / put emphasis ongive emphasis to达成协议找到出路find a way outreach an agreementreach a consensus关于―得失‖gains and lossesgive and take关于拜访drop in / at / over / bystop in / over / bycall on sbcall at / round swlook in / uppay a visit topay / make a call to关于碰见，偶遇come acrossrun intobump intohappen to meet关于花钱、花费的词Take SpendCostChargePayBuy关于水waterrunning / tap ~ 自来水fresh ~ 活水still ~ 死水pure ~ 纯净水purified ~ 净化水mineral ~ 矿泉水be used to do 被用于be used to dong 习惯于get used to doing 渐渐习惯于used to do 过去常常单复数意思不太一样的词ruin 毁灭ruins 废墟authority 权威authorities 当局brain 头脑brains 智力，智慧custom 风俗习惯customs 海关damage 破坏，损坏damages 赔偿费ground 地面土地grounds 院子，监狱manner 礼貌方式manners 外貌minute 分钟minutes 会议记录paper 纸张papers 试卷time 时间times 时代关于―调查‖researchsurvey 市场调查opinion poll 名义调查民意调查questionnaire 问卷调查investigation 很正式的调查interview 会见，访谈belong to 属于participate in 参加be engaged in 从事、参加be involved in 卷入消磨时间kill timepass timecount one’s thumbs用完、缺少run out ofbe short ofbe lack in lack of / ina little 一点not a little 很多a bit 一点not a bit 一点也没有短对话中常用单词和句型1.表示期待、希望、渴望做某事的说法expect / hope / wishbe eager / anxious /dying tolook for ward towait / yean / thirst / long forcan not waitcounting the days2.下列词语与―but‖一样含有转折的的意思actuallywellreallyin factas a matter of factto tell you the truth3.表示建议的句型how about……做……如何I heard about……我听说……If I were you ……如果我是你……It seems to me that…… 在我看来似乎……Let’s …… shall we ?让我们……怎么样？Let us …… will you ?让我们……怎么样？Sha ll I / we ……What about ……做……如何Why don’t you ……你为什么不……Why not + 动词原型为什么不……Would you like ……你要……吗？Wouldn’t …… be better / wiser做……不是更好吗？4.表示同意、附和的句型I agree with youExactlyI couldn’t agree with you more / betterI think soI ca n’t wait any minuteBelieve it or notI will …… if假如……我就会It’s my turn轮到我了我请客Why not ?You are rightI guess so 我猜也是No problem 没问题Of causeOut of question 毫无疑问So do I / me too 我也是Sure / absolutely / beautiful 当然，很好Good ideaThat sounds really nice 听起来真不错5.表示询问的句型Any questions / any thing wrong 有什么问题吗？Can you give me some ideas 可以给我一些建议吗？Do you know ……Do you want to……Do you find any wrong with 你觉得……有什么不对劲吗？How long will it take 做什么要花多久I am thinking of ……我正在考虑做……I suppose think ……我猜想……What’s your plane plan 你的计划是什么？What happens if ……如果……怎么办？What shall we do 我们该怎么做？6.表示否定的句型Actually / as a matter of fact 事实上……How can you do sth 你怎么可以……I can’t afford any disturbance 不要再烦我I couldn’t agree with youI didn’t men to我本不打算I don’t think soIt doesn’t matter 无所谓I wish ……但愿……I’d like to but我很愿意但是……I’d love to butI just can’t bearI am afraid notI am sorry but…… is not everything……不是关键no bother / why bother 不要麻烦no , thanksreallyThat’s his opinionTo tell you the truthWell , as far as I know7.表示―不得不‖have to 表示客观上不得不做某事must 主观上的必须做某事be bound tocannot buthave no choice but8.表示―迟到‖behind timebe delayed / overduebehind schedulebe late9.表示―紧张‖trembleshake all overget one’s tongue tiedhave one’s mind go blanknervous10.以下词组听到后意思取反mean to 想要……planned to 原计划……intended to 原打算……tended toused to 过去常常……11.以下句型要引起重视，重点听取，就算本身不是考点也一定直接引向考点反意疑问句( ……，didn’t y ou ?)反问句倒装句助动词do / did / doesit is …… that / who / when…… 的句型正确答案的特征1．含义肯定的不是正确选项，模糊的是正确选项意思具体的不是正确选项，概括的是正确选项意思详细的不是正确选项，抽象的是正确选项意思肤浅的不是正确选项，深刻的是正确选项2．含有一下单词的一般是正确选项neither / either / also / besides / almost / especially / possibly / probably / likely perhaps / might / may / maybe / could /can / all / none3．含有以下三种结构的一般可能是正确选项系表结构（系动词+标语表语）比较结构（……than……）复合句4．含有四级词汇替换项的一般是正确选项5．表示―同意或不同意‖，―喜欢或不喜欢‖，―应该或不应该的‖的一般为正确选项6．以下三种选项一般其中有一个可能是正确选项反意项形似项近似项7．同意项不可能是正确选项，等例排除。
英语四级的知识点归纳
英语四级的知识点归纳英语四级是中国大学英语四级考试的简称，也被称为CET-4。
它是中国教育部主管的一项国家级英语考试，旨在评估学生在英语听、说、读、写能力方面的水平。
下面将详细介绍英语四级考试的知识点。
一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）英语四级考试的听力理解部分主要测试考生对于英语口语及常用语和词汇的理解能力。
考生需要听取短文、对话或独白，并回答相关问题。
1. 答案抓取：在听取录音时，考生需要仔细听取关键信息，如人名、地点、数字等，以便在听完后正确抓取答案。
2. 推理判断：在听到短文或对话后，考生需要根据所听内容进行推理和判断，回答相关问题。
3. 笔记总结：考生需要在听取短文或对话时做好笔记，记录重要的信息，以便后续回答问题使用。
二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）英语四级考试的阅读理解部分主要测试考生对于英语文章的理解和分析能力。
考生需要阅读文章，理解文章的大意和细节，并回答相关问题。
1. 主旨概括：考生需要通过阅读全文，理解文章的主旨和中心思想。
2. 细节理解：考生需要根据所给问题，找出文章中与之相关的具体细节。
3. 词汇理解：考生需要理解文章的生词和短语的意思，并根据上下文推测其含义。
4. 推理判断：考生需要根据文章内容进行推理和判断，回答与文章相关的问题。
三、写作（Writing）英语四级考试的写作部分主要测试考生的写作能力，包括对于英语语法和词汇的正确运用，以及论述能力。
1. 作文写作：考生需要根据所给话题，完成一篇短文写作。
作文要求清晰明确，结构合理，内容连贯。
2. 语法和词汇：考生需要在写作时正确运用英语语法和词汇，注意句子结构和单词拼写的正确性。
3. 论述能力：考生需要在写作中能够有条理地陈述自己的观点，并给出充分的论据和例证支持。
四、翻译（Translation）英语四级考试的翻译部分主要测试考生从中文翻译成英文和从英文翻译成中文的能力。
大学英语四级考试语法笔记46
大学英语四级考试语法笔记46The question is where to go for help. 问题是到哪里求助。
To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是受到别人的尊重。
To see her is to love her. 见到她就会爱上她。
(五)不定式短语和疑问词连用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,还包括whether)(1)做主语。
例如：Who to turn to is what she wants to know. 找谁帮忙是她想知道的。
It’s problem what to do. 干什么还是个问题。
How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark. 怎样才能富有，健康和幸福将永远是个问号。
(2)做表语。
例如：The question is which to take first. 问题是先拿哪一个。
What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek. 剩下需要你解释的是怎样实施计划以及寻求谁的帮助。
The question is which of the methods to adopt. 问题是采取这些方法中的哪一个。
(3)作宾语，常用这一结构作宾语的动词有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。
大学英语四级考试记笔记
• 词根缩写-----♀名词后缀：
-ment→-M: development----DVPM equipment----EQPM statement ----STTM government ----GVNM -ability,-ibility→-BT accessibility----ACSBT acceptability----ACPTBT possibility ----PSSBT profitability ----PRFTBT
-ance→-C: importance----IMPTC substance----SBTC significance ----SGNFC -ism→-M: socialism----SCLM optimism ----OPTM pessimism ----PSM -ology→-G: biology----BOG psychology ----PSCG
L&G，I am ：） 2 join u + at ○ $E ¤, This is 3rd visit [2yr] as S-G UN. ]visits, I told u of my hopes µ4 a CRTV (creative) PTSP(partnership) (UN，PS private sector). This yr, I wanna(want to) X U 2 join me in taking ur RLSP to a still ↑ level
-ish→-H: childish----CDH selfish ----SFH -ic,-ical →-C: automatic----ATMC historical----HSTRC economical ----ECNMC technical ----TCNC
英语四级考试笔记（二）
⼀：过去式：主句从句would/could/should/might+have done had done1.If he hadn’t offered we a ride home,I would have called a taxi.If we had depared earlier,we wouldn’t have missed the bus.2.If it hadn’t been for your help,I wouldn’t habe surived the accident.3.可倒装：（分词可前可后）Had we departed earlier,we…….Had it not been for your help,I…….⼆：现在时：主语从句W./C./S./M.+do did或were1. were⽆⼈称和数的变化If you were my student,you should obey me.If he were my student,he should obey me.2. If you needed my help,Iwould lend you a hand.3. If it were not for your help,I would be homeless now.4. were可倒did 不可倒Were he my student,he……Were it not for your help,I…..If Ihad 10 million yuan,I would buy a new apartment.三：将来时主句从句W./C./S./M.+do should do 或were to do1. were⽆⼈称和数的变化If he should seek employment,he would be hire easily.2．可倒装should it rain tomorrow…….Were it to rain tomorrow……四：动词动词后+从句谓语动词 should+do should 可省建议：suggest,recommend,advise,propose,move,instruct, maintain,prefer请求：ask,beg,require,request打算，愿望：decide,determine,intend,desire,assume命令：arrange,direct,command,order其他：urge,agree,hint,insist,promiseHe urged the library should stay open during summer vocation.He assumed he would be selected chairman of the committee.五：形容词从句谓语动词should +do，should 可省It’s important to acquire professional knowledge and skill.It’s important for us to acquire…..It’s important that we should…..·essential,fundamental,important,vital,necessary,imperative,better,best,appropriate,probable,expedient,natural·desirable,advisable,urgent,preferable·strange,odd,amazing,astonishing,surprising,shocked,pitiful,sorry,ridiculous,absurd,unthinkable,incredible,interesting,annoying1.It’s imperative that we should hold a meeting to settle the problem.2.It’s advisable that another university be set up.3.I’m sorry that he should feel that way.六：名词从句谓语动词should+do ,should可省1.They made a motion that he should compensate for their loss.2.It is of great importance that we should made plans to beautify out city.2.We’re all for your proposal that the discussion.be put off七：连词。
大学英语四级考试重点笔记
6大学英语四级考试写作辅导笔记六类作文行文思路六类作文行文思路1. 现象解释型现象解释型2. 问题解决型问题解决型3. 对比选择型对比选择型4. 观点论证型观点论证型5. 记叙文记叙文6. 应用文应用文现象解释型写作模板---行文思路1 Topic首段（描述图表段）首段（描述图表段）⑴From/According to the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that 总述现象. ⑵Asearly as 图表中最早的时间，当时的数据. ⑶Then 一段时间一段时间later, 图表中数据的变化/ And (However), by 图表中数据发生显著变化的时间，图表中数据的显著变化.中间段（说明原因段）中间段（说明原因段）⑷ There are many reasons accounting for 现象或变化. / Then why 产生该现象或变化.⑸Firstly ，原因一. ⑹ 进一步说明原因一. ⑺Secondly ，原因二. ⑻ Finally, 原因三. (As a result, 以上原因导致的结果. )结尾段（阐述观点段/说明影响段/说明问题段）说明问题段）⑼As to me/ As far as I am concerned, "我"的态度相关情况或是现象将来的趋势、可能带来的（好或坏的）影响或存在的问题. ⑽For one thing, 理由一/影响一/问题一. ⑾Foranother/In addition/ Besides,理由二/影响二/问题二. ⑿ In brief/ To conclude, 总结全文（经常是提出建议或作出期望.现象解释型写作模板---行文思路2Topic首段（描述现象段）首段（描述现象段）⑴From/According to the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that 总述现象. ⑵现象表现或变化（表现一、二/变化一、二.） ⑶The reason for this phenomenon are varied./ There aremany different factors influencing 该现象或其他情况/说清楚原因.中间段（说明原因/影响段）影响段）⑷Among these reasons/factors, 原因一原因一 plays a critical role. /Undoubtedly, 该现象该现象have brought great (negative) effect on 影响对象. ⑹ 进一步说明原因一/影响一. ⑺ Secondly ，原因二/影响二. ⑻ In addition, 原因三/影响三.结尾段（阐述观点段/说明影响段/说明问题段）说明问题段）⑼No doubt/From my point of view, 对该现象做出总体评价对该现象做出总体评价. ⑽ However,可能存在的问题./ it is worth noting that 应该注意的事项. ⑾ 进一步描述问题或注意事项. ⑿All in all/Therefore, 总结全文.问题解决型写作模板---行文思路行文思路Topic首段（描述问题段）首段（描述问题段）⑴Nowadays/recently/In recent years, 问题问题is becoming more and more of a problem/has become quite a serious problem in /has aroused widespread attention/concern from.⑵问题表现一/原因一/危害性一⑶What's worse/In addition,问题表现二/原因二/危害性二危害性二中间段（说明危害/原因段）原因段）⑷ It is very clear that 该问题该问题 is bringing great harm to 危害对象危害对象/There are many factors resulting in 该问题该问题 / ⑸Above all, 危害一/Among these 原因一原因一plays a vital role.⑹ 进一步说明危害/原因一. ⑺ What's more ，危害二/原因二.结尾段（说明方法段）结尾段（说明方法段）⑻Considering the seriousness of 该问题, it is an urgent thing for us to take effectivemeasures to 解决该问题. ⑼First of all 方法一.⑽进一步阐述方法一/Secondly,方法二.⑾Thirdly/In addition,方法三. ⑿ Only through these ways, can the problem be solved./To conclude,it is everyone's responsibility to take effort to solve the problem.对比选择型写作模板---行文思路1Topic首段（提出观点段）首段（提出观点段）⑴When it comes to 谈论主题, there is no complete agreement among people/differentpeople will offer different ⑵Some people take it for granted/believe 一种观点/选择⑶However,others maintain /prefer 另一种观点另一种观点/选择. 中间段（对比论证段）中间段（对比论证段）⑷ Those people who hold the first opinion/make the former choice believe 观点/选择一的理由一. ⑸ (In addition,) in their eyes, they maintain/point out 观点/选择一的理由二. ⑹ However,still others think differently/ do not agree this. ⑺In their opinions, 观点/选择二的理由一. ⑻Besides, they argue 观点/选择二的理由二.结尾段（总结观点段）结尾段（总结观点段） ⑼Weighing up these two argument/choices/preferences, I prefer/am inclined to theformer/the latter one/"我"的选择.⑽ For one thing,理由一. ⑾ For another/What's more,理由二. ⑿Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/ I may reasonably conclude/suggest 重申观点. / In a word, 提出建议.对比选择型写作模板---行文思路2Topic首段（提出观点段）首段（提出观点段）⑴Nowadays/In recent years, 一种现象. ⑵Some people 一些人的看法或做法,while others, 另一些人地看法或做法. ⑶ As to me, I prefer to/ am in favor of the former/latter.中间段（反面论证段）中间段（反面论证段）⑷ Of course, "我"不赞同观点的合理性. ⑸ For example, 支持其合理性的例./进一步阐述其合理性. ⑹ But it doesn't mean/it is worth noting that "我" 不赞同不赞同观点的不足. ⑺From my point of view/In my view, 我的不同观点.结尾段（正面论证段）结尾段（正面论证段）⑻The following reasons can account for/contribute to/support my argument. ⑼ First,理由一. ⑽ A good example to illustrate,支持理由一的例子/进一步说明理由一. ⑾ Second, 理由二.⑿ To conclude/From the foregoing,重申观点.观点论证型写作模板---行文思路行文思路Topic首段（提出观点段）首段（提出观点段）⑴Nowadays still many people believe/For years many people have such thought that 与论点冲突的背景观点或现象.⑵进一步说明背景观点或现象. ⑶However, 论点. ⑷The following reasons can support the argument.中间段（说明危害/原因段）原因段）⑸Undoubtedly, 论据一. ⑹进一步说明论据一. ⑺ Furthermore/Moreover,论据二. ⑻ For example ，支持论据二的事例/进一步说明论据二. ⑼ In addition/ What's more, 论据三.结尾段（总结观点段）结尾段（总结观点段）⑽ All mentioned above tell that 重申观点. ⑾ 进一步阐述论点. ⑿Therefore, we should正确态度或做法.记叙文写作模板---行文思路1Topic首段（描述背景段）首段（描述背景段）⑴背景事件⑴背景事件will come soon, 事件的重要性或意义.⑵There is no more appropriate time than this for 相关人员的态度或行动.⑶So on this special occasion, 我的愿望或打算.中间段（叙述经过段）中间段（叙述经过段）⑷ Now I still remember clearly 主题事件. ⑸Firstly ，原因一. ⑹ 进一步说明原因一.⑺Secondly ，原因二. ⑻ Finally, 原因三. (As a result, 以上原因导致的结果. )结尾段（阐述观点段）结尾段（阐述观点段） ⑼As to me/ As far as I am concerned, “我”的态度相关情况或是现象将来的趋势、可能带来的（好或坏的）影响或存在的问题. ⑽For one thing, 理由一/影响一/问题一. ⑾Foranother/In addition/ Besides,理由二/影响二/问题二. ⑿ In brief/ To conclude, 总结全文（经常是提出建议或作出期望.）记叙文写作模板---行文思路2Topic首段（描述背景段）首段（描述背景段）⑴简要介绍事件发生的时间, I witnessed 总述目击事件.⑵ 事件给人印之处, which isstill vivid in my mind./该事件was so 事件的突出特点that I was left a deep impression.中间段（叙述经过段）中间段（叙述经过段） ⑶It was/happened 事件开始时间，when 当时的情形. ⑷ ( Suddenly, ) 事件的发展一. ⑸ 事件的发展二. ⑹ 事件的发展三. ⑺As a result, 事件的最终结果或影响.结尾段（阐述观点段）结尾段（阐述观点段）⑻ 总述该事件带来的影响/事件产生的原因.⑼For one thing, 影响一/原因一/措施一. ⑽进一步说明影响一/原因一/措施一. ⑾For another, 影响二/原因二/措施二. ⑿Therefore, 总结全文（提出建议或作出期望).Or Such an incident teaches us an important moral, that is “我的感受或得到的启示. 感受一/行动一. Furthermore,感受二/行动二. In conclusion,I do believe that 总结全文。
大学英语四级考试语法笔记11
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌例如：I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。
The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了。
我想可能会下雨。
You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他。
The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了。
When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢?He probably won’t go with us. 他大概不能和我们一起去。
注意：1)shall, will的缩写形式为’ll, 如I’ll, you’ll, he’ll 和she’ll等。
2)will 用于第一人称时，可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等;shall 用于第二、三人称时，可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。
例如：I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。
(允诺)I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试。
(决心)Shall I open the window? 我打开窗户好吗?(征求允诺)You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你。
(说话人的允诺)The enemy shall not pass. 决不让敌人通过。
(说话人的保证)I will do my best to help you. 我愿意尽力帮助你。
(意愿)Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到。
(说话人的命令)(2)be going 动词不定式1)这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。
大学英语四级备考笔记知识点汇总
英语四级备考笔记目录一、英语四级写作高级替换词 (1)二、英语四级写作必备词 (2)三、英语四级作文常用短语30句 (2)四、大学英语四级作文高分句型汇总 (4)五、2017年12月英语四级作文范文50例带翻译 (7)六、翻译复习 (13)一、英语四级写作高级替换词1)good：好的perfect, excellent, outstanding, superior2)many：许多a lot of, a host of, a sea of3)some：一些quite a few , several4)think：认为acknowledge, hold the view that5)more and more：越来越多increasing, increasingly, growing6)helpful：有益的beneficial, rewarding7)bad：坏的wicked, dreadful, harmful8)customer：顾客consumer, client9)in my opinion：以我看来from my part, from my own perspective10)very：非常exceedingly, extremely11)cause：引起result in, be triggered by12)want：想要desire, be eager to13)remember：记住memorize, bear in mind that14)have：拥有own, possess15)poor：穷的needy, impoverished16)rich：富的wealthy, affluent17)excellent：棒的fabulous, marvelous18)obvious：明显的apparent, evident19)healthy：健康的robust, wholesome20)surprising：惊人的amazing, miraculous21)beautiful：美的attractive, gorgeous, eye-catching22)popular：流行的prevailing, prevalent23)improve：提高enhance, promote, boost24)solve：解决resolve, tackle, cope with, deal with25)develop：培养cultivate, foster, nurture26)complete：完成fulfill, accomplish, achieve27)keep：保留hold, preserve, retain28)energetic：有活力的dynamic, vigorous29)destroy：破坏damage, ruin30)influence：影响impact, the effect of…31)pollute：污染taint, contaminate二、英语四级写作必备词 1) 大多数人most people→the majority of the population 2) 经常often→frequently 3) 我相信I believe→from my standpoint, from my personal perspective 4) 必须must→it is a must for us to… 5) 知道know→be aware of 6) 因为because→in that 7) 最后at last→eventually 8) 然而but→however 9) 如果if→provided that 10) 各行各业的人all kinds of people→people from all walks of life 11) 引起，导致lead to→contribute to 12) 人people→individuals 13) 好的good→desirable, beneficial 14) 坏的bad→undesirable 15) 很多many→numerous 16) 越来越more and more→a(n) increasing/mounting number of 17) 很very→extremely 18) 方面side→aspects 19) 表明show→demonstrate, indicate 20) 利用use→utilize 21) 因此/结果so→therefore 22) 部分part→proportion 23) 提高improve→enhance 24) 改变change→transform 25) 强调/重视emphasize→attach great importance to 26) 培养develop→cultivate 27) 破坏destroy→undermine 28) 解决deal with →tackle /figure out 29) 普遍的everywhere→universal 30) 明显的obvious→apparent 31) 在当今社会in the modern society→in the current society32) 使make→enable三、英语四级作文常用短语30句 1.随着经济的快速发展with the rapid development of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's living standard 3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/ 争论a heated discussion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题a controversial issue 11.完全不同的观点a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13.就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少be indispensable to … 19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外…be no exception 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on… 22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 23.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in 24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon 25.责任感/ 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement 26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation 27. 开阔眼界widen one's horizon/ broaden one's vision 28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills 29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden 30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration四、大学英语四级作文高分句型汇总 文章开头句型 适用于有争议性的主题 2018年6月大学英语四级作文高分句型：对立法 2018年6月大学英语四级作文高分句型：现象法 2018年6月大学英语四级作文高分句型：观点法 2018年6月大学英语四级作文高分句型：引用法 文章中间主体内容句型 原因结果分析 2018年6月大学英语四级作文高分句型：基本原因 2018年6月大学英语四级作文高分句型：另一原因一、英语四级作文高分句型：意义性 2--6 意义性的结尾方式--------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! [1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit··· but also benefit ..... [2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ....二、英语四级作文高分句型：方向性 2-5 方向性的结尾方式---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. [1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . [2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical. [3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........三、英语四级作文高分句型：建议性 2-4 建议性-------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法 [1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is ..... [2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.四、英语四级作文高分句型：号召性 2-3 号召性-------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意想及观点 [1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of···· [2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.五、英语四级作文高分句型：后果性 2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. [1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of ....... [2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger.六、英语四级作文高分句型：结论性 2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论,引出或重申文章的中心 [1]. From what has been discussed above, we may easily draw the conclusion that ..... [2]. In summary , it is more valuable .......七、英语四级作文高分句型：两者比较 3-2-1. 两者比较---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 [1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain fromB. [2]. Indeed, A carries much weight重要度)when compared with B. [3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.八、英语四级作文高分句型：两者相同 3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用! [1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that..... [2]. A bears some striking(显著的) resemblance(s)( 相似性) to B.九、英语四级作文高分句型：后果影响 后果影响------分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 . [1]. It will produce a profound impact on.... [2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........十、英语四级作文高分句型：另一原因 另一原因--------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用! [1]. Another important factor is .... [2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem. [3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....十一、英语四级作文高分句型：基本原因 基本原因--- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因. [1]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ... [2]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to ....十二、英语四级作文高分句型：引用法 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点 [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people . "Education is not complete with graduation.(学无止境)" Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion. [2]."........." How often we hear such statements like thoses /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......"十三、英语四级作文高分句型：观点法 开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. [1]. Now people in significant numbers are coming to realize that... [3]. Now there is a growing awareness of the necessity to......Now people become increasingly conscious of the importance of ...... [4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude that.......十四、英语四级作文高分句型：现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 [1]. Recently the rise inphenomenon of ... has aroused public worldwide concern. [2]. Recently the issue of the problem of ...has been brought into focus. [3].Inflation(通货膨胀)/Corruption(贪污腐败)/Social inequality(不平等) ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face constantly.十五、英语四级作文高分句型：对立法 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, [1]. When asked about....., the vast majority of people say that ....... But I view a bit differently. [2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others claim that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements, but I tend to the latter(后者;(二者中)后者的) ...[3]. Now, it is commonly acknowledged that .... They claim that ... But I wonde r whether.....五、2017年12月英语四级作文范文50例带翻译 Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Long Holidays. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 一、 1. 长假给大学生带来的好处 2. 长假可能给大学生带来的问题 3. 我应当怎样利用好长假 【范文】 Long Holidays Generally speaking, long holidays are good for us college students. On the one hand, we have a lot of time to study by ourselves and thus improve weaknesses and further develop strengths. On the other hand, we can take part-time jobs, which can make us realize responsibility and make ourselves better prepared for social life. But every coin has two sides. Some students fail to make good use of their time and they are addicted to various computer games. I am afraid that they are likely to ruin themselves in this way. As far as I am concerned, I will try to make the best use of my precious time. I will spend most of my holidays studying English for that I am very poor at it. In addition, I will take a part-time job as private teacher. By this means, I can earn some money and put my knowledge into practice as well. 长假期 一般来说,长假期是对我们有益的大学生。
英语四级重点单词笔记
英语四级重点单词笔记1. abandon: to give up or leave behind, to desertExample: The explorers had to abandon their ship and swim to shore.2. ability: the power or skill to do somethingExample: She has the ability to speak five different languages.3. absorb: to take in or soak upExample: The sponge absorbs water quickly.4. abuse: to use something for the wrong purpose or treat someone badlyExample: He was arrested for abusing his power as a police officer.5. accelerate: to speed up or increase in rateExample: The car accelerated as it merged onto the highway.6. access: the ability or right to enter or make use of somethingExample: Students have access to the library at all times.7. accommodate: to provide lodging or make room forExample: The hotel can accommodate up to 200 guests.8. accomplish: to successfully complete or achieve somethingExample: She worked hard to accomplish her goal of running a marathon.9. accurate: correct or preciseExample: The weather forecast was accurate and predicted heavy rain. 10. acknowledge: to admit or recognize the existence or truth of somethingExample: He acknowledged his mistake and apologized.11. acquire: to obtain or gain possession of somethingExample: She acquired a new job after graduating from university. 12. adapt: to adjust or modify to fit a new situation or environmentExample: The plants have adapted to survive in extremely cold temperatures.13. adequate: sufficient or satisfactoryExample: The company provides adequate training for its employees.14. adjust: to alter or change in order to achieve a better fit or resultExample: He adjusted the volume of the music to a more comfortable level.15. administer: to manage or control the operation of somethingExample: The doctor will administer the medication to the patient.16. admire: to have a high opinion or respect for someone or somethingExample: She admires her grandmother for her strength and determination.17. adopt: to take on or accept as one's ownExample: The couple decided to adopt a child from a foreign country.18. advance: to move forward or make progressExample: Technology has advanced rapidly in the past decade.19. aggressive: showing readiness to attack or confrontExample: The dog became aggressive when it felt threatened.20. aid: to provide assistance or supportExample: The government sent aid to the flood-affected areas.21. aim: to intend or direct one's efforts towards a specific goalExample: She aims to become a successful entrepreneur.22. alert: to warn or make aware of potential danger or problemExample: The lifeguard alerted the swimmers of an approaching shark. 23. allocate: to distribute or assign resources or dutiesExample: The budget committee allocated funds for various projects. 24. ambition: a strong desire or drive to achieve somethingExample: His ambition is to become the CEO of a large company.25. ample: plentiful or more than enoughExample: We have ample time to finish the project before the deadline.26. analyze: to examine or study something closely in order to understand itExample: The scientist analyzed the data to draw conclusions.27. ancient: very oldExample: The ruins provide a glimpse into ancient civilizations.28. anticipate: to expect or predict somethingExample: They anticipated a decrease in sales during the winter months.29. anxious: feeling worried, nervous, or uneasy about somethingExample: He was anxious about the upcoming job interview.30. apologize: to express regret or say sorry for doing something wrongExample: He apologized for being late to the meeting.31. apparent: clear or obviousExample: The cause of the problem was not immediately apparent.32. appreciate: to recognize the value or significance of somethingExample: She appreciates the support of her family during difficult times.33. approach: to come near or closer to somethingExample: The deadline is approaching, so we need to work quickly.34. appropriate: suitable or proper for a particular situationExample: She wore appropriate attire for the formal event.35. approve: to give consent or agree to somethingExample: The committee approved the proposed changes to the policy. 36. argue: to present reasons or evidence in support of a positionExample: They argued over which movie to watch.37. arise: to occur or happenExample: A problem arose when the computer system crashed.38. artificial: made or produced by human beings rather than naturalExample: The flowers in her garden were artificial but looked real.39. assert: to state or declare forcefully or confidentlyExample: He asserted his innocence in front of the jury.40. assess: to evaluate or judge the quality or value of somethingExample: The teacher assessed the students' performance on the test. 41. assign: to allocate or designate a task or responsibility to someoneExample: The manager assigned the new project to a team of employees.42. assist: to help or support someoneExample: The nurse will assist the doctor during the surgery.43. assume: to suppose or take for granted without proofExample: He assumed that she had already left for work.44. assure: to give confidence or guarantee someone about somethingExample: The doctor assured him that the surgery would be successful.45. astonish: to greatly surprise or amaze someoneExample: The magician's tricks astonished the audience.46. attempt: to make an effort or try to do somethingExample: She attempted to climb the mountain but had to turn back due to bad weather.47. attend: to be present at or go to a particular event or placeExample: They will attend the conference next week.48. auction: a public sale where items are sold to the highest bidderExample: The rare painting was sold at auction for millions of dollars.49. authority: the power or right to give orders, make decisions, or controlExample: The police have the authority to enforce laws.50. automatic: operating by itself or with minimal human interventionExample: The doors opened automatically when someone approached.51. awareness: knowledge or perception about a particular subject or situationExample: There is a growing awareness of the need for environmental conservation.52. awkward: causing difficulty or embarrassmentExample: He felt awkward when he accidentally spilled his drink.53. background: the historical, cultural, or social circumstances orconditions influencing a person or an eventExample: She has a background in finance and accounting.54. baggage: suitcases, bags, or other items travelers carry during a tripExample: The airline lost my baggage during the flight.55. bargain: to negotiate or haggle for a lower priceExample: She managed to bargain for a discount on the car.56. barrier: an obstacle or hindrance that prevents progress or accessExample: The language barrier made communication difficult.57. basement: the lowest level of a building, usually partially or entirely below ground levelExample: The basement of the house is used for storage.58. battery: a device that produces electricity and is used to power various electronic devicesExample: The remote control needs new batteries.59. behave: to conduct oneself in a particular mannerExample: The children need to learn how to behave in public.60. belief: an acceptance that something exists or is true, especially without proofExample: She holds strong religious beliefs.61. belong: to be a member or part of a particular group or placeExample: He belongs to a local sports club.62. beneficial: advantageous or helpfulExample: Regular exercise is beneficial for overall health.63. betray: to be disloyal or reveal secret informationExample: He felt betrayed by his best friend's actions.64. beware: to be cautious or careful of something or someoneExample: Beware of scams when shopping online.65. beyond: on the other side or further than a certain pointExample: The island is located beyond the horizon.66. bias: a preference or inclination towards a particular perspective or beliefExample: The journalist tried to present the news without any bias. 67. blend: to mix or combine different elements togetherExample: She blended the ingredients to make a smoothie.68. blessing: something that brings happiness, well-being, or good fortuneExample: Having supportive friends and family is a blessing.69. boast: to speak with excessive pride or satisfaction about oneself orone's achievementsExample: He likes to boast about his high test scores.70. bold: showing a willingness to take risks or be daringExample: She made a bold decision to quit her job and start her own business.71. border: the boundary or edge between two countries or regionsExample: They crossed the border into the neighboring country.72. boundary: a dividing line or limit between two areas or thingsExample: The fence marks the boundary between our properties.73. brake: a device used to slow down or stop a vehicleExample: He hit the brakes to avoid colliding with the car in front.74. branch: a division or subdivision of a larger organization or systemExample: The company opened a new branch in a different city.75. brief: short in duration or timeExample: She gave a brief presentation on the project.76. brilliant: exceptionally intelligent or talentedExample: The scientist made a brilliant discovery.77. broad: wide in range or scopeExample: The course covers a broad range of topics.78. budget: an estimated plan of income and expenses for a given period of timeExample: They need to create a budget to manage their finances.79. burden: a heavy load or responsibility that is difficult to bearExample: His illness became a burden for his family.80. calculate: to determine or figure out by using mathematics or reasoningExample: He calculated the total cost of the project.81. candidate: a person who applies for or is nominated for a position or awardExample: There are several candidates running for office.82. capable: having the ability or skill to do somethingExample: She is capable of handling difficult situations.83. capacity: the maximum amount that something can contain or produceExample: The stadium has a seating capacity of 50,000 people.84. capture: to catch or seize by force or skillExample: The photographer captured a beautiful image of the sunset.85. career: a profession or occupation that one pursues for a significant period of timeExample: She has had a successful career in marketing.86. cautious: taking care to avoid potential danger or problemsExample: Be cautious when crossing the busy intersection.87. cease: to bring to an end or stopExample: The rain ceased and the sun came out.88. celebrate: to honor or observe a special event or occasionExample: They celebrated their anniversary with a romantic dinner. 89. ceremony: a formal event or ritual, often with religious or cultural significanceExample: The wedding ceremony took place in a beautiful church.90. challenge: a difficult task or situation that requires effort or skill to overcomeExample: Climbing Mount Everest is a major challenge.91. champion: someone who defends or supports a cause or personExample: He is a champion for animal rights.92. cherish: to value or hold dear something or someoneExample: She cherishes her childhood memories.93. clarify: to make clear or easier to understand by explaining further orgiving detailsExample: The teacher clarified the instructions for the assignment. 94. classify: to categorize or arrange into groups based on shared characteristicsExample: The books in the library are classified by genre.95. cling: to hold onto tightly or be unwilling to let go of somethingExample: The child clung to his mother's hand in the crowded store. 96. clinic: a medical facility where patients can receive treatment or consultationExample: I have an appointment at the dental clinic tomorrow.97. clumsy: lacking coordination or skill in movement or actionExample: He dropped the glass due to his clumsy hands.98. cluster: a group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely togetherExample: The flowers were arranged in clusters of different colors. 99. coarse: rough or having a rough textureExample: The sand on the beach felt coarse under their feet.100. coincide: to happen at the same time or occupy the same placeExample: Their birthdays coincide, so they often celebrate together. 101. collapse: to fall down suddenly or give way under pressureExample: The bridge collapsed due to structural failure.102. colleague: a person who works with you in the same profession or organizationExample: She discussed the project with her colleagues.103. collide: to crash into or come into direct contact with something forcefullyExample: The two cars collided at the intersection.104. combination: a mixture or blend of different elements or parts Example: The recipe called for a combination of spices.105. comfort: a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint Example: The soft mattress provided great comfort during sleep.106. command: to give an order or instruction to someoneExample: The general commanded his troops to attack.107. commitment: a promise or pledge to do something or support a cause Example: He made a commitment to volunteer at the local shelter. 108. common: occurring or found frequently or widelyExample: It is common for children to attend school.109. commute: to travel regularly between one's home and workplaceExample: He commutes to the city by train every day.110. compare: to examine or judge the similarities and differences between two or more thingsExample: She compared the prices of different brands before making a purchase.111. compete: to take part in a contest or rivalry with the aim of being declared the winnerExample: Athletes from around the world will compete in the Olympics.。
英语四六级笔记
英语四六级笔记可以从以下几个方面进行整理：
1. 词汇和语法：重点记忆高频词汇，注意掌握一些固定搭配和词组。
同时，对语法的重点难点进行归纳总结，以便于掌握和运用。
2. 阅读理解：对于阅读理解，可以积累一些常用词汇和表达方式，掌握一些阅读技巧，如定位、推理判断等。
同时，多做真题和模拟题，提高阅读速度和准确率。
3. 听力理解：听力是四六级考试中的重要部分，也是很多学生的难点。
可以多听英语新闻、电影、电视剧等，提高听力和语感。
同时，做真题和模拟题，熟悉听力题型和考试要求。
4. 写作：写作是四六级考试中的重要部分，需要积累一些常用表达方式和句型，掌握不同类型写作的格式和要求。
多做真题和模拟题，提高写作水平和表达能力。
5. 翻译：翻译主要考察学生的语言转换能力，需要掌握一些翻译技巧和方法。
同时，多做真题和模拟题，提高翻译准确度和速度。
在整理笔记时，可以采用不同的颜色进行标注和分类，以便于记忆和理解。
此外，还可以使用一些辅助工具，如录音笔、闪卡片等，提高学习效果和记忆效率。
最重要的是坚持学习和练习，不断积累英语知识和提高英语应用能力。
英语四级最全复习笔记及技巧PPT课件
• （3）注意转折词和序列词，有助于我们了 解文章的脉络。
• 用于快速阅读的文章，在通常情况下每个 小部分会有一个小标题，这样对考生迅速 阅读文章并掌握文章的主旨大意非常有帮 助，考生要善于利用这一点。
• 另外，因为文章和段落结构通常遵守某种 体裁的结构模式，因此在快速阅读时，并 不需要每句话都仔仔细细地阅读。
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解题步骤
• 第一步：首先跳读全文，把握大意．快速通 读全文，了解文章的中心思想，通过对文章 的分析．把握文章的背景、主题，结合每段 的首句和末句，把握文章的结构。
• 第二步：其次仔细阅读15个选项，了解词义， 判断词性，根据词性将每个单词进行分类归 纳，如：动词(v．)、名词(n．)、形容词 (a．)、副词(adv．)等。
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三、解题技巧
• 1．词性判断技巧 词性判断是做选词填空题重要的一步，篇 章所需词性的判断，有以下的规律可循。 (1)确定空格为名词 若空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动 词的，空格处应填入名词；若空格处后面 是动词的，空格处应填人该动词的主语 (名词)；若空格处前面是介词的，空格处 充当介词宾语，填入一个名词或动名词
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一、题型揭秘
• 大纲规定本部分有两种考查题型，即判断正误题和单项选择题， 每年从中选择一种题型进行考查。但需要我们注意的是2007年 12月以来的真题中前7道均为单项选择题，后3道为补全句子题。
• 从近几年的出题倾向来看，单项选择题更能够考查出学生快速 阅读的能力和水平，因此单项选择题成为近几年快速阅读考查 的主要形式。考生在复习时要对这两种题型都有所了解，在平 时的训练中把重点放在单项选择题上。
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第三步，答题
英语四级考试词汇笔记附练习第4课
英语四级考试词汇笔记附练习第4课主谓一致：指的就是给出主语，要求判断谓语动词是用单数还是复数的问题。
一、就近原则：指句子的主语由两部分单词或短语构成时，由离谓语动词近的那部分主语来决定谓语动词的单复数。
只有当以下单词或短语连接主句的两部分时就近原则才适用：1. or 或者；2. either … or …不是…就是…，…或…；3. neither … nor …既不…也不…；4. not only … but also …不但…而且…；5. not … but …不是…而是…例如：主语1 or 主语2 谓语动词。
此时由主语2决定谓语动词。
10. _C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss?A AreB WhereC IsD Does如果题目改变为：Either he or his accountants ___ going …则应选A二、句子谓语动词一定用复数的两种情况：1. 集合名词做主语，集合名词没有复数形式，因为他本身就代表一个复数概念。
常见的几个复合名词： people 人民，人们； police 警察； cattle 牛； poultry 家禽。
2. 表示数量的复数名词 + 不可数名词，整体做主语时例如：去年出口了八百万顿煤。
Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.三、谓语动词一定用单数的六种情况：1. 句子的主语是由从句充当的、动词不定式短语作主语、动名词短语作主语；2. 表示时间、重量、长度、价值四方面的词做主语；399. -- “How many days?”0 -- “Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?”A areB wereC wasD is3. 表示单数概念的主语，短语，谓语动词，此时谓语动词也用单数；因为此结构中短语只是对主语提供附加说明情况，所以谓语动词也用单数。
四级英语笔记汇总01
when it comes to词组，opinions differ.（当谈及...时）some may assert（声称、断言）that___,Others,however,seem to contend（声称，主张）that___.I'm strongly convinced that___.claim/argue/contend/assert/hold the fiew thatinsist/maintainWhile many tend to insist that___,others may argue that___.those who/whose···人those who are from Japan.those(who are)as yet unaware of such a disadvantageas yet到目前为止be aware of(unaware)whose whose surname begin with a leter in the lower half of the alphabetsurname姓氏given name名字in the lower half of the class班级下游in the first half of the class班级上游tend yo/seem to/might/may主语——谓语——（插入从句、ed/todo/ing/adj/prep、tend to/seem to/may/might、双破折号、双逗号）slowing/falling/fading/decliningslowing economy放缓的经济=softening economy疲软的经济=the economy is cooling经济降温=the slowdown 经济减速acceleration经济加速（a物理上的加速度）=red-hot economy过热的经济fall-risefalling costs日益下跌的支出、低消费falling transportation and communication costs日益下跌的交通和通讯费用Unicom联通Telecom电信fading competitiveness of Japanese auto industrygrowing competitiveness of Chinese auto industryfading distinction between male and femaledecline衰退、走下坡路n/va declining industryon the declining-on the riseThis is an explosive situation for any country,particulary a developing one.explosive situation危机时刻rising/growing/increasing/soaringrising living costs日益上涨的生活支出rising concern越来越关注=growing attentionRising concern,fortunately,has been given today to such an upsetting phenomenon.growing competitiveness of emerging economies（新兴经济体）growing threat of global warming/haze and smog/internet addictioncyberapace网络空间an increasing number of...increasinglysoaring激增的(soar激增)soaring home prices/soaring healthcare（医疗卫生）budgetbudget=cost=spending花费、支出not...just yet尚未，还没有Many have not come to realize the severity of this explosive stituation just yet.sound v响起、听到alarm v警报、报警sound adj好的physically sound but intellectually poorintellect n学识intellectual n知识分子intelligence n智力、智能、情报artificial intelligenceCentral Intelligence Agencyintelligent adj聪明的environmentally sound在环境方面好的cognitively sound在认知方面好的(recognize)bite one's nails束手无策=scratch one's headhave a zzz=noisily doze offin spite of尽管put pen to paper=writeput computers in the classroom多媒体教学cut/file/polish剪切/用锉磨/磨油、磨光、打蜡But she isn't cutting as many nails as she would like to,either.not...as many...as...barber美发师manicurist美甲师client=customer=shopper=buyer n顾客、客户longtime client常客show up露面、出现but/while/whereas表示转折although/though/whileShe blames her negligence.blame=owe to=attribute to把...归咎于She owes the accident to her negligence.According to the author,the department store in the19th century owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. department store=supermarketself-restraint自我控制emerging economies新兴经济体High achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.nurture后天的栽培v/nnurse/nursery/nutrition/nutriment护士、托儿所、营养、营养品a sociology professor at xx university写完一句话后，思考能否让主语再做一个动作，若可以，使用Ving（将and改为谓语ing）suburb n郊区suburban adj郊区的rural adj农村的(rural problems)urban adj城市的(rural life and urban life)Even before the liberation,CPC had already won the support of the people.folks=people lots of folks=many people=manysigns of recoveryHeavy snow is a good sign for a harvesting year.瑞雪兆丰年。
英语四级最全复习笔记及技巧共50页文档
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西，从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
42、只有在人群中间，才能认识自 Байду номын сангаас。——德国
43、重复别人所说的话，只需要教育； 而要挑战别人所说的话，则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
英语四级最全复习笔记及技巧
6、法律的基础有两个，而且只有两个……公平和实用。——伯克 7、有两种和平的暴力，那就是法律和礼节。——歌德
8、法律就是秩序，有好的法律才有好的秩序。——亚里士多德 9、上帝把法律和公平凑合在一起，可是人类却把它拆开。——查·科尔顿 10、一切法律都是无用的，因为好人用不着它们，而坏人又不会因为它们而变得规矩起来。——德谟耶克斯
44、卓越的人一大优点是：在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45、自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
高校英语四级考试高频词汇笔记
高校英语四级考试高频词汇笔记高校英语四级考试高频词汇笔记（1）词汇是英语四级考试的基础，突破词汇关就可以更加顺畅的攻下英语四级考试。
英语整理了“2021年6月高校英语四级考试高频词汇笔记”，便利同学们快速记忆，希望对同学们有关怀。
构词法题型(词的转化，合成，派生);构成符合形容词的名词和数量词一律用单数。
(见下面2个例题)31. Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our attention.A three-hoursB three-hourC three-hours’D three-hour’s267. Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday.A two-thousand-wordsB two-thousands-wordC two-thousand-wordD two-thousands-words以ly结尾的不全是副词; friendly， lonely， lovely， likely，lively adj.考试中常见的否定前缀： un-、dis-、in-、im-56. _B_ his sister， Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A DislikeB UnlikeC AlikeD Likinglike vt. 宠爱; dislike vt. 不宠爱，厌恶; unlike prep. 不象…;alike adj. adv. 同样的(地)，相象的(地); liking n. 爱好，嗜好;take a liking for宠爱…，对…产生好感。
（2）词汇是英语四级考试的基础，突破词汇关就可以更加顺畅的攻下英语四级考试。
英语整理了“2021年6月高校英语四级考试高频词汇笔记”，便利同学们快速记忆，希望对同学们有关怀。
英语四级笔记
2018/5/28Doctor’s degree 博士学位Master’s['mɑːstəz] degree 硕士学位Bachelor’s ['bætʃələ] degree 学士学位Graduate[ˈɡradʒʊeɪt]school 研究生院Upon 在……之际Suppose 假设amount of +不可数名词复数很多→many ↑A considerable/large number of +可数名词复数如要不可数将number替换为amountA considerable number of student s 有很多学生A considerable amount of water 有很多水A host of +可数名词复数许多一大群A variety [və'raɪətɪ] of 多种多样的加可数不可数都可A majority of 绝大多数的加可数不可数都可越来越多→more and moreAn increasing number of +可数名词复数||↓|| amount of+不可数名词A growing number of+可数名词复数↓amount of+不可数名词我认为→I thinkI am convinced that(我确信)/ i assume(猜想)/I deem(我想是) I assume that Sky is about 18 years old我猜测Sky18岁了非常、很→veryParticularly 尤其年轻人Youngsters/teenagers/juniors提升/提高→promoteEnhance/strengthen(加强)/boost/improve加强师生间的关系Strengthening the relationship between teachers and students。
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英语四级综合笔记听力（35%）、阅读（35%）、完型填空或改错（10%）、作文和翻译（20%）。
各单项报道分的满分分别为：听力249分，阅读249分，完型填空或改错70分，作文142分。
各单项分相加之和等于总分（710分）。
由于是从复制过来，导致一些特殊符号不能显示。
如果需要原版，请留言目录一、听力概述和故事型及文章型题目二、小对话六大类行分析三、小对话高频场景分析四、多义词汇讲解及科技型文章讲解五、语音讲解（英、美），语音现象（吞音、连读等）六、重要短语集合、听力敏感度训练、六大类关键词七、长对话类型分析八、复合式听写技巧总结（语音、词汇）听力规律：考试失败必男生（历年考试中只有女生一出现，则为反面人物）安慰必女生火车必迟到飞机必晚点邀约必失败吃饭必成功受伤必轻伤车祸必生还货物必售完（书、票）一、听力概述和故事型及文章型题目（一）故事型文章判断标准判断标准：（所给答案中）大于等于两个人名、地名1．8220;解释结尾8221;考点——8220;结尾8221;标志：停顿三秒钟2．转折考点（通用考点）,...3．对话考点：" " " " " ()" " "...升调表否定、疑问（语气语调出考点）（所给选项中）同主语题，例：若主语同为只听男方的一句态度（二）说明型文章判断标准：选项围绕一个词进行讲解1. 8220;最8221;特质考点,"",""2. 因果考点：(句中)；(句前)；'s ...3. 首末考点（通用考点），首三句，末三句段落题做题原则：视听基本一致原则：耳听声、眼看题顺序做题原则对立选项保留原则：选项当中若有两个相对立，则其中之一必为答案，其余直接排除二、小对话六大类行分析（一）数字题1、数量价格类。
方法：1) 听8220;新8221;答案（通过运算所得）2) 简记数字（账单、钞票，，）2、时间类①时间细节类8594;首末时间点，尤其首时间②时间运算类8594;时间点加减时间量当时间点超过一个以上，以现在时间点为基础加减（二）对话地点题去哪高频地点：（如果地点题中有其一词出现则必选）（三）人物、职业关系题(1)人物职业题。
高频职业：秘书，前台服务员，女服务生，空姐，导游(2)人物关系高频关系：医患关系，老板职员（职员），亲属关系（多考双胞胎，母子），服务女与顾客（，)（四）动作题以动词（）开头(1)情态动作类情态词+动（）(2)时间动作类（）现在进行时，在强调某一个动作（考点！）(3)建议动作类（i ;意为该动作的否定意义;）（五）细节题，抓首末的细节（六）意义解释题：重读出考点！三、高频六大场景（一）场景1.申请场景v. (申请n.) 申请, 申请信，取消，再申请2.查询：(索引).【拇指，食指，中指，无名指，小指】3.借阅：，，期刊、案件（重大而难以解决的问题）过期刊物，现刊，()专业期刊（记者），'（半）月刊，'4.矛盾：到期，某种临近状态， .即将做某事，，罚款（一般以过去式出现），续借（二）学校场景1.作业, 各种论文，学科、课堂论文，随笔；学习论文,演示呈现2.课堂、学制：课程，(可选择的) 选修课，(强制的，必须做的) 必修课，讲座，（一）节课，学分【信用卡】，学年，学时3.老师、学生：大一，大二，大三，大四初中，高中毕业生，研究生，在校生，系主任，教授，讲师，导师/ 家教（三）医院场景1.病症：头疼，胃疼，脚踝，扭脚？，苍白的2.预约3.治疗，药丸，药片，（四）酒店场景1.预定，( a ~ )2.房型：，，(标准的) ，套房，总统套房，蜜月套房3.入住，，，，（五）餐厅场景1.邀约：8230 ?订桌 a ()，聚会/ 党派/ 列队2.点菜：菜单，特价，牛排，甜点，海鲜，酒水，吃饱3.结账：我买单，(分担) 平分制，各付自己的（贬），分（餐），食物过敏，()过敏的（六）飞机场场景1.基本词汇：航班，直航，转乘/ 学/ 部门，护照，机票，行李，安检，登机口，登机2.飞机动作：起飞，降落，（离开）起飞时间，降落时间，转机时间，登机时间四、多义词汇讲解及科技型文章讲解（一）多义词汇A：采取/ 收养适应/ 修改文章/ 物品法案虐待（）/ 滥用（酗酒，吸毒，滥用职权）B：熊/ 忍受承载（8230;有8230;）打（死、败）/ 躲避账单/ 钞票/ 法案/ 小广告、张贴画/ 喙（扁嘴）书/ 预定盒子/ 拳击/ 票房C：案例/ 箱子（行李箱）/ 事情事件（以防万一）盖子（锅盖）/ 封面/ 包含覆盖v.（负责，接管）/ 收费（免费）/ 充电/ 使充满D：解决数量（a 大量的+不可数n.）/ 成交/ 事情事件（'s a ）垃圾场/ I 我甩了你/ 倾销（反倾销）E：枯竭耗尽/ 精疲力竭''"/ 尾气废气（）F：电影/ 拍摄胶卷【用完】修理/ 固定（a )确认准备K：小孩/ 开玩笑/ 小羊羔杀/ 消磨I：期刊/ 事件/ 颁发颁布L：大量的/ 地皮（）让/ 租（I a ）（酒店）大厅/ 游说，说服M：比赛匹配，搭配（线人）对象/ 火柴O：点菜/ 秩序/ 命令P：礼物/ 赠送演示呈现/ 现在的/ 出席的【反】Q：质量/ 质量好的R：跑/ 经营管理公布公开/ 释放S：学校/ 学院/ 流派，派别邮票/ 贴邮票，盖章、戳/ 跺脚【踩踏事件，惊跑】物品/ 填充、塞树枝，拐棍/ （坚持）粘脱销/ 股票T：告诉/ 区分、辨别【出纳员】小费/ （笔、树）尖端/ 温馨提示领带领结鞋带/ 系关系(广泛)【 ...恋爱】/ 平局（二）科技型文章讲解判断标准：科学家，实验，调查，观察，表明文章构成：结论、分析、例证考点：1.结论考点：相关句在首2、3句；提示词表明，发现，发现，表明2.序数词考点：，，，。
3.转折词考点：，4.首末句考点：首三末三五、语音现象（一）连音——失爆现象:爆破音+元音. . .（停止） .（厌倦） .(艰难度过)（二）六大爆破音：/ / // / /失爆发音条件：1.结尾是爆破音+开头为辅音; ; ; (紧张)2.在语流当中结尾为爆破音要轻度、弱读！'t .I .联系方法：找出所有段落文章连音和失爆部分；试读；跟读。
（三）缩读将要不得不必须想要有些有点' ' ' '（四）82308230;六、重要短语集合及关键词（一）重要短语A：吸引a (精神上的)/ (物理)不清楚，混乱B：() 衣衫褴褛/ 精疲力竭() 完结(该动作的完结)【读完，经历过（痛苦的事）】陷入准时到达/ 做到支持="I 100% ."【支援】熬夜C：出现出来/ （考试结果）公布公开开花/ 冲洗（胶卷）F：弄清楚（1.数字2.身材体形3.人物）H：a 谈话聊天a 吵架I：I 我下班了I'm .我明天不上班L：下岗O：好，非常好【 .好；v.奇妙；难以置信；；a...】（二）听力核心六大词汇1.转折词：, ,2.因果：，，，，'s3.比较级、最高级："",""4.序数词：，，，5.重点形容词：，，（至关重要的），（首要的），6.事实罗列词：，a ，事实上，'s 8230;注：并列实施信息点不做考点出现三大考点：首末句考点，现在进行时，语气语调七、长对话场景类型分析（一）找工作场景1.基本词汇：，求职者，猎头，v.（n.）要求，打听询问，n.（）2.职位：，() 空缺( .)3.简历，面试：'简历（'恢复），，修改( )，()，解决(收件人，寄件人)，提供，接受，拒绝( 降低)4.工作性质：兼职，全职，实习生，实习工作，临时的( a 他是我们公司的临时工)（二）转学场景1.学校性质：教会学校，私立学校，公立学校，社区学校2.学校质量：全体教员，地理位置，(教学)特色3.学费：学费【直觉】，(生活费)4.证书：文凭，学士学位【单身汉】，硕士学位，资格证，成绩单，登记（三）租房1.基本词汇：房东，女房东，房客，家具，精装的，没装修的，签合同2.房型：公寓，；合住楼，地下室3.矛盾：垃圾场，，停电，(革新)装修（四）购物场景（五）旅游场景（六）失物招领总结：1.抓对话结果2.抓作者主要态度3.抓主要话题（首末各三句）4.抓人物身份八、复合式听写阅读全文，预测词性，联系上下文有的空可直接出答案后三句技巧：1.名词转代①人称用主格和宾格代替②地点用代替③物体用代替④谓语同义转换2.注意事项：不能空白，字迹工整，记录单词的前三个字母，句子成分要完整。
抓主谓，抓关键词，补全答案。
拼写中的语法：动词过去式、被动态，大小写、专有名词，名词单复数，第三人称单数，拼写。
总结：在做题之前一定要先找出关键词，标识是比较级、最高级、数次、否定词、核心的名次、动词、形容词、专有名词等阅读一、仔细阅读（一）定位原文：一题对应一段，故只有5段有效1.关键词：比较级、最高级、数次、否定词、核心的名次、动词、形容词、专有名词等。
2.转折词：①提示词：，，，，②解题思路：转折现象前后的信息是细节和推理题分析的重点范围，首段中的转折句一般提示全文主题3.比较词：①表达方式词：，，，，，句：A B；A B②解题思路：将题干中的比较现象与原文类似现象相对应，得出正确答案；为题干中没有关键词时与原文的比较作为分析重点4.因果词：名：，，，①提示词连：，，，动：，，副：a ，，②解题思路：当题干中有因果词时，在原文中寻找与之相对应的词汇（二）分类题型1.细节题①解题步骤：根据关键词准确定位原文；分析关键词在的句子极其前后的句子；逐次对应，找到答案②逐次对应的方式：拆词：将选项中的动词名词和形容词进行独立分析比词：与原文动词名词形容词做比较，意义一致者为正确答案③注意事项：出题顺序一般与原文一致；正确答案一般要同意替换2.词义题：背单词！联系上下文猜词。
词的表面含义必为错3.主旨题：①基本思路：找到全文中鲜明的主题词和主题句②定位方式：题干重现词；段首重现词；首段首句；首段转折句；（问题方案文章指对方案的评价为主题）③注意事项：各类题型的答案都必须符合文章主题4.态度题=主旨题5.推理题（难度高）①提示词：，，②解题步骤：找到题目所针对的段落；分析段落中比较和转折的现象；选择与原文意义最接近的选项③注意：真确答案要求，推理成分越少越好；答案必须符合文章主题6.例证题：①注意事项：就事论事的选项比错②基本思路：例证答案针对相应段落首末两句或例子前后总结性话语7.实验题：（09年可能考）①阅读方法：详看实验结果，略看试验过程实验目的=首段的目的不定式=全文主题②考点：实验结论=末端首末两句实验结果：，，，，（三）逻辑比较文：现象解释：解释为主题，问号为现象标志（人文主观方面）结论解释：结论为主题（四）题材：理：与自然之间的问题，问题方案，对方案的评价（自然界）【基本规律：解决方案不完美，作者态度为客观】（五）体材：1.议论文：重点分辨作者的观点和态度2.说明文：把握作者所下的定义，关键的数据和细节3.记叙文：（2007.6，2007.12）；3'.夹叙夹议（以议为主）：①阅读方法：分断阅读，重在结尾②题型与解题思路：细节题答案必须符合作者主题；主旨题答案集中在结尾部分（六）类型：单线式/ 对立式（把握好对立观点代表词，如赞同""、对立""）（七）解题步骤1. 扫描题干，找关键词2. 浏览原文，做标记（关键词、转折词、比较词、因果词）3. 比较选项得答案二、快速阅读（一）热点题材：《》《》1．环境（08.6温室气体）2．经济（经济危机、美元贬值）3．能源（不可再生燃料）4．美国大选（奥巴马美国黑人总统，希拉里，民族构成）（二）阅读步骤1．仔细阅读文章标题：大标题=文章主题，小标题=层次主题和结构2．仔细阅读文章首段=写作背景/ 有时针对第10题答案3．分析题干辨认关键词4．根据关键词找到若干句子进行阅读，其余部分一概不看（三）题型与解题思路1．判断：比较两句的含义，注意未有出现的关键词所在的选项为"N"2．填空：将原文信息与题干进行比较多余/ 剩余部分即为答案3．单选题：选项与原文用词最一致者为正确答案作文现象分析题一、议论文正反观点题" "题（大学生如何做）（一）现象分析l 第一段：现象陈述【校园现象】：, , a . , '同位语从句.【社会现象】：, a 同位语从句, .【越来越多的人关注8230;】：, (话题关键词), a ,(话题展开句).8218, (话题关键词) (话题展开句). l 第二段：原因=主题句+扩展句主题句：I , , I . 原因1, ""原因2，I . , I I ( , a ), a .扩展句：主观（，8230;）" ..."所以客观" ..."; "..., , ...".例..（原因段：? . , ..., ... . , ..., ... .) l 第三段（动作段）：措施、危害措施1——写法：措施2——谓语动词用伴随措施之一1.措施：动词不定式基本不考160;。