新概念英语第二册第39课

• exchange • vt.1. 换，更换，调换，掉换： • Most store will allow the customers to exchange their goods. • 大多数商店将允许顾客更换商品。 • 2. 换回，换来，换取 • 3. 把…换成；用…交换；兑换(for) • exchange A for B • 用A换B • I'd like to exchange this dress for one in a smaller size. • 我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的。 • 4. 交换，互换，轮换 (with)： • exchange with sb • 和某人交换
successful n. 成功的，一帆风顺的
be successful in 在…成功的 success n. 成功
succeed v. 成功
succession n. 连续；继位；继承权 successor n. 继承者
Nor does he have an obvious successor as leader.
目前也没有明显的继任者可以接替他的职务。
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
following adj. 下面的；其次的，接着的 n. 下列事物；一批追随者 v. 跟随；沿行（follow的ing形式） prep. 在…之后，接着 in the following 在下面；在下文中 immediately following 紧跟着 following system 跟踪系统 following in order 按照顺序
3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对 第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。
如： She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——> She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
1）陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told
来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that,
told sb. that，不可直接说told that,
如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” ——>He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.” ——> He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that） Biblioteka Baidu）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，） 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动 词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句 的语序，这一点非常重要。
next week （the next / following week）
yesterday （the day before）
two days ago（two days before ）
this week/month/year (that week/month/ year)
2）指示代词：these 变成those
• alone • adj. 1. 孤零的，孤单的 • 2. 单独的；孤独的 • adv. 1. 孤零地，孤单地，孤独地 • 2. 单独地 • 3. 独自地；孤立无援地 • 4. 只，只有；仅仅
• • • • • • let alone 更不必说；听任；不打扰 stand alone 孤立；独一无二 alone with 与…一起
总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具 体对待，要符合逻辑。
2、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时， 主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即 间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作 相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态 （实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如 下：
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时
如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等
均不必改变。
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指
示代词和动词变化
1）时间状语：
直接引语 now today tomorrow （间接引语） （then）； (that day）； （the next / following day ）
如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He
said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could,
had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称一般转换为第三人称
如： He said，“I am very sorry.”
——>He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述 人说的，转换为第一人称 如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. ——> My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
• inquire • vt. 问，打听，询问 • vi.1. 问，打听，询问 • 2. 调查，查问(常与into连用)
• • • • • • • • • •
inquire into 调查，探究 inquire about 询问，查问；打听 inquire of 询问；打听 inquire for 求见；要找 inquire after 问候；询问起
3）地点状语：here变成there
She said, “I won't come here any more.”
——> She said that she wouldn’t go there any more.
4）动词：come变成go，bring变成take
5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化
示过去的时间时，
如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played
football after school.”
——> He said that when he was a child, he usually
played football after school.
be patient of 能忍受 • be patient with • 对……有耐心 • patient care • 病患照顾 • patient safety • 病人安全 • mental patient • 精神病人 • As a nurse, you ought to be very patient with your patients. • 作为一名护士，你应该对病人十分耐心。 •
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
过去进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无
须改变的情况
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候， 如： He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out. 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，
I'd like to inquire about the job for sales manager. 我想询问一下销售经理这个职位的情况。 It's the secretary's job to inquire about the flights for the manager.
为经理查询有关航班的 情况是秘书的职 责。
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名 词性物主代词等，
如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”
——> He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
patient
adj.1. 忍耐的；容忍的 2. 坚忍的；耐心的 3. 沉着的；不急躁的 4. 耐心等待的；显出有耐心的 5. 勤快的；孜孜不倦的 n. 1.病人；患者
2. 受动着；承受者
What is best gift a doctor can give to his patient?
一个医生能给他病人的最好礼物是什么？
to, need时
如：She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”
——> She asked if she had to take the medicine.
〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好 8）此外转述
中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当
地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，
• certain • adj.1. 确凿的，毫无疑问的 • 2. 确定的；固定的 • 3. 必定的，必然的 • 4. 可靠的，可信赖 的 • pron. 某些；某几个 • • • • • • • • a certain extent 一定程度上 a certain degree 到某种程度 for certain 肯定地；确凿地 certain level 某一水平
如： He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
relative adj. 1. 相互有关的；休戚与共的 2. 与…有关的；相关的 3. 比较而言的 4. 相对的
Even its successes are only relative. 即使成功也只是相对的。 It is a gift for my relative in my hometown. 这是我送给家乡一位亲戚的礼物。
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，
如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——> Our teacher told us that light travels faster than
sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，
如： He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.”
——>He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时
如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表
Lesson 39
Am I All Right ?
operation n. 1. [外科]手术 2. 操作，作业 3. 经营，管理；营业；企业
• • • • • •
in operation 生效；运转着 normal operation 正常运行，常规操作 safe operation 安全操作
In fact, you can create a successful plan for your business in just one day. 实际上，你在一天之内就可以制作一个 成功的事业战略计划。