英语词汇学自考题模拟21_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

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高等教育自学考试英语词汇学参考题型

高等教育自学考试英语词汇学卷子+答案(课程代码 0832)第一局部选择题I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers.Choose the one that would best complete thestatement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy.Theyare______.A.primary and secondaryB.central and peripheralC.diachronic and synchronicD.formal and functional ]2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idiomsA.ColloquialB.SlangC.NegativeD.Literary ]3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is:_____.A.absolute and relativeB.absolute and completeC.relative and near D plete and identical ]4. In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，A.Celtic and DanishB.Danish and Frenchtin and CelticD.French and Latin ]5. Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme.A.formalB.concreteC.freeD.bound ]6. Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated A，croak，drum B.squeak，bleatC.buzz，neighD.bang，trumpet ]7.LDCE is distinctive for its____.A.Clear grammar codesage notesnguage notesD.all of the above ]8. From the historical point of view,English is more closely related toA.GermanB.FrenchC.ScotttishD.Irish ]9. Which of the following is NOT an acronymA.TOEFLB.ODYSSEYC.BASICTV ]10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring wordmeaning.A.eightB.sixC.sevenD.five ]11.Sources of homonyms include____.A.changes in sound and spellingB.borrowingC.shorteningD.all of the above ]12.The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form.A.selectiveB.adequateC.imperfectD.natural ]13.Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A.molphemeB.stemC.word D pound ]14.Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes.A.sufrixesB.prefixesC.inflectional morphemesD.roots ]15.The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French.Latin，____.A.Scandinavian and ItalianB.Greek and ScandinavianC.Celtic and GreekD.Italian and Spanish ]第二局部非选择题Ⅱ plete the rollowing staternents with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____.17.Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary.18.When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or____in the context to help the readers.19.Radiation and____are the two coinages which the development of wordmeaning follows from monosemy to polysemy.20.Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____.Ⅲ.Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)word Origin，2)word formation and3)types of Synonyms or antonyms.A B( )21.skill A.back-formation( )22.babysit B.blendlng( )23.telequiz C.French origin( )24 position/compounding D.SCandinavianorigin( )ernment E.clipping( )26.same/different F. relative synonyms( )27.gent G. Germanic( )28.English H.absolute synonyms( )29.change/alter I. contradictory terms( )30.big/small J.contrary termsIV.Smdy the following words or expressions and identify1)types of bound morphemes underlined,2) types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and4)forlnation of eompounds.31.neck→primary meaning:that part of man joining the head tO the body;a secondary meaning:the narrowest part of anything.( )32.contradict ( )33.mother:love，care ( )34.upcoming ( )35.window shopping ( )36.radlos ( )37.property developer ( )38.Candidate→earlier meaning:white-robed;later meaning:a person proposed for a place，award etc.( )overcoat39.handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man40.northward ( )V. Define the following terms.41.encyclopendia42.borrcwed43.blending44.extension45.phrasal verbVI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation Explain with two examples.47.what is extra-linguistic context48.what is polysemy Illustrate your points.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Thenwhat contextual help you to work out the meaning.Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog inThe street and ate it.50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example. 英语词汇学答案(课程代码0832)I.Each Of the smtements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6.A7.D8.A9.B 10.A11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.BII Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to thecourse book.16.extension 或generalization 17.specialized18.clues 19.concatenation 20.1500III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1)word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms.21.D 22.A23.B 24.H25.C 26.I27.E 28.G29.F 30.JIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds.31.radiation 32.bound root33.connotative meaning 34.adv+v-ing35.n+v-ing 36.inflectional affix/inflectional morpheme37.n+v-er 3.concatenation39.collocative meaning 40.suffix/derivational affixV.Definethefollowingterms.41.An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword;it is not concerned with the language per se.42.Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages.43.It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word.44.Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and/or a particle.VI.Answer the following questions.Your answers should be clear and short.Write youranswers in the space given below.46.Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem;it only modifies its meaning.eat--maltreatemployer47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation.(2)componentsa.participants(addresser and addressee)writer and readerspeaker and listener/hearerb.time and placec.cultural background48.要点:1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.2)have more than one sense.3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles:diachronic approach and synchronic approach.VII.Analyze and comment on the following.Write your answers in the space given below.49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore(2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger(3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all(4)carnivore may feed on meat(5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.(2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary.but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers.Thus they are unstable.varying considerablyaccording to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual.(3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who isoften scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell.。

历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案

历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（）A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（）A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（）A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（）A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（）A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（）A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially_______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（）A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.（）A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?（）A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.（）A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.（）A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.（）A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.（）A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?（）A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________./doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context. Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（）B.grammatical23.extension（）C.double meaning24.narrowing（）D.Swedish25.linguistic（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html prehend/understand26.ambiguity（）F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly 50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.答案4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversativ38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5thcentury by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18%)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist （nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）4月份全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案英语（本科）专业第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in whicha word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types ofmeaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/。

全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案素材

202X年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.〔30%〕1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.〔〕A．meaning B．soundC．combination of sounds D．group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.〔〕A．more slowly than B．as quickly asC．more rapidly than D．not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.〔〕A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.〔〕A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.〔〕A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall〞means ______ in British English.〔〕A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.〔〕A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.〔〕A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel〞is created by ______.〔〕A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC〞is formed in the way of ______.〔〕A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.〔〕A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.〔〕A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.〔〕A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．sense relations17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.〔〕A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.〔〕A．senses B．formsC．dialects D．terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture〞, which originally denoted mere “painting〞, but now has come to include “drawings〞and even “photographs〞〔〕A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.〞, the word “respectable〞is used in the ______ sense of transfer.〔〕A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context〔〕A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.〞is ambiguous due to ______.〔〕A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.〞, the meaning of “sou’wester〞can be inferred from the clue of ______.〔〕A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn〞is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.〔〕A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms〔〕A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one〔〕A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.〔〕A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B〔〕31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition〔〕32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word〔〕33．and C．transfer of sensations〔〕34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete〔〕35．here and there E．derivational affix〔〕36．moon F．alliteration〔〕37．rough and ready G．functional word〔〕38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix〔〕39．fair and square I．associated transfer〔〕40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhymeⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.〔10%〕41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free ________.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________. 45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.〔10%〕51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiomⅤ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.〔20%〕56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words57．What are the semantic features of compounds Give an example to illustrate your point. 58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referentsⅥ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.〔20%〕60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,〞a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it〞—“Long time no sea.〞the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.〔1〕gold, bulb;〔2〕deer, beast, animals;〔3〕fortuitous, fruition.。

(完整版)英语词汇学试题

英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics,________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1. A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CII.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabularyIII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIV.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be groupedinto the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danishand Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and manyof those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII.16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration, carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English V ocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) （） D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes（）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning inparticular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10._______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific countryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of themorphemes combined.18._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.19.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the history of the wordexplains the meaning of the word.20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )V.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45. affective meaningVI.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VII.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:I. 1. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CII.16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaningIII.21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIV.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VIII.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, whichmake them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Wordsthat have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondarymeanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning .The first meaning is called ______.。

自学考试英语词汇学模拟试题

自学考试英语词汇学模拟试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ____ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. （）A. smallB. meaningfulC. vocalD. large2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. （）A. TerminologyB. JargonC. SlangD. Argot3. “I'm sure that they will come today.”There are____content words in the above sentence. （）A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops? （）A. Acronym.B. Blending.C. Elevation.D. Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT____. ( )A. kungfu dinnerC. fast foodD. Watergate6. In modern times, ____is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. （）A. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansion D. creation1 全国2010年4月自学考试英语词汇学试题7. The plural morphme “-s” is realizd by/I z/after the following sounds EXCEPT____.( )A. /s/B. /g/c. /z/ D. /ろ/8. The word “idealistic” comprises ____morphemes. （）A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____.( )A. happierB. workerC. harderD. taller10. “Washing machine” is a word formed by____.（）A. prefixationB. compoundingC. conversionD. blending11. “TV” is a(n) ____.（）A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix “mis-” in the word “mistrust” is a ____prefix. （）A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning”? （）A. Reference.B. Concept.C. Sense.D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away” has the same ____but different stylistic values. （）A. referenceB. conceptC. motivationD. style15. The word “airmail” is ____motivated. （）A. onomatopoeicallyB. etymologicallyC. semanticallyD. morphologically2 全国2010年4月自学考试英语词汇学试题16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguisticallyB. semanticallyC. grammaticallyD. pragmatically17, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （）A. OnomatopoeicallyB. DiachronicallyC. SynchronicallyD. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （）A. ideologyB. etymologyC. mythologyD. methodology19. V ocabulary is the most ____element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. （）A. unbalancedB. unstableC. unhingedD. undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “____”and jump means “just”. （）A. janitorB. partnerC. collectorD. observer21. In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.” The word grown can be classified into ____sense of transfer. （）A. physicalB. objectiveC. sensationalD. subjective22. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called ____context. （）A. non-linguisticB. lexicalC. grammaticalD. cultural23. The sentence “He is a hard businessman.” i s ambiguous due to____. （）A. grammatical structureB. lexical context3 全国2010年4月自学考试英语词汇学试题C. homonymyD. polysemy24. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire____. （）A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25. Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? （）A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech.26. In nothing flat as an idiom is ____in nature. （）A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The idiom “failure is the mother of success” is a____ as far as figures of speech are concerned. （）A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification28. Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook? ( )A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary.29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______dictionary. ( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use____to mark the pronunciation.A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings.(10%)4 全国2010年4月自学考试英语词汇学试题A B（）31. appreciative meanings A. maltreat（）32. parent/child B. Jap/nigger（）33. pejorative prefixes C. tremble (not quiver) with fear（）34. man/woman D. famous/determined（）35. hyperactive/superfreeze E. extraordinary/telecommunication（）36. collocative meaning E prefixes of degree（）37. decompose/unwrap G. inflectional affixes（）38. pejorative meaning H. reversative prefixes（）39. radios/desks I. contradictory terms（）40. locative prefixes J. relative termsllI. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present ____language.43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ____morphemes.44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called____.45. Though having little lexical meaning, ____words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____of the whole set alter.47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or____.48. The sentence “I like Mary better than Jean.” will lead to____.49. The fixity of idioms depends on the____.50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ____and encyclopedic dictionaries. IV. Define the following terms. (10%)51. borrowed words52. conversion5 全国2010年4月自学考试英语词汇学试题53. motivation54. narrowing55. replacement of idiomsV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56. What are derivational affixes?57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms.Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61.State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.6 全国2010年4月自学考试英语词汇学试题。

全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案重点

202X年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学卷子课程代码0832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the onethat best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Which of the following words does NOT belong to terminology ( )A. Penicillin.B. Algebra.C. Symphony.D. Knife.2. In the sentence “I like to see a movie.〞, there are ________ functional words. ( )A.2B.3C.4D.53. Of the characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________. ( )A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the following EXCEPT ________. ( )A. fast foodB. TV dinnerC. tahiniD. Watergate5. The prehistoric ________ parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language, which English originated from. ( )A. PrussianB. Indo-EuropeanC. CzechD. Russian6. The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the ________ set and the Western set. ( )A. EasternB. AfricanC. AmericanD. Northern7. The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /z/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ________. ( )A./z/B./g/C./d/D./b/8. The word “recollection〞comprises ________ morphemes. ( )A.1B.2C.3D.49. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ________. ( )A. worksB. workerC. workingD. worked10. “Dis-〞in the word “disloyal〞is a ________ prefix. ( )A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative11. The word “AIDS〞is a(n) ________. ( )A. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The word “smog〞is created by blending, with the structure of ________. ( )A. head + tailB. head + headC. head + wordD. word + tail13. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence〞is ________. ( )A. neutralB. informalC. colloquialD. formal14. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________. ( )A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. connotativeD. collocative15. “Pavement〞in British English and “sidewalk〞in American English have the same ________.( ) A. motivation B. collocationC. senseD. connotation16. A common feature peculiar to all natural languages is ________. ( )A. homonymyB. hyponymyC. monosemyD. polysemy17. In both CCELD and LDCE, the most frequently used meaning of the word “gay〞is ________. ( )A. joyous and lively, merry, happyB. homosexualC. given to social life and pleasureD. bright, brilliant18. All the following words can be used as an antonym to the word “clear〞EXCEPT ________. ( )A. dirtyB. fussyC. guiltyD. ambiguous19. The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT ________. ( )A. influx of borrowingB. analogyC. psychological factorsD. shortening20. A good example of ________ is the word “manuscript〞, which now means “writing by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor〞, but its original meaning was “handwriting〞only.( )A. degradationB. elevationC. narrowingD. extension21. In the sentence “Never run towards a dangerous animal.〞, the word “dangerous〞is used in the ________ sense of transfer. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. sensationalD. physical22. The sentence “They saw her duck.〞is ambiguous due to ________. ( )A. grammatical contextB. lexical contextC. antonymyD. hyponymy23. The following are types of context EXCEPT ________. ( )A. linguistic contextB. non-linguistic contextC. syntactical contextD. extra-linguistic context24. In the sentence “The village had most of the usual amenities: a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school.〞The meaning of amenity can be inferred from the clue of ________. ( )A. relevant detailsB. word structureC. antonymyD. hyponymy25. The idiom “hustle and bustle〞is a ________ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned. ( )A. simileB. repetitionC. reiterationD. personification26. Sentence idioms embrace the following sentence types EXCEPT ________. ( )A. declarative sentenceB. interrogative sentenceC. imperative sentenceD. simple sentence27. “Beyond the pale〞is an idiom ________ in nature. ( )A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial28. The following are the types of dictionary EXCEPT ________. ( )A. monolingual dictionaries and bilingual dictionariesB. linguistic and encyclopedic dictionariesC. specialized dictionariesD. Chinese and English dictionaries29. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980) is a(n) ________ dictionary. ( )A. specializedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain the following aspects EXCEPT ________. ( )A. literal meanings of the wordsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. slight differences between words of similar meaningsII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of vocabulary by notion; 2) sources of synonyms; 3) types of motivation; and 4) types of transfer. (10%)A B( ) 31. morphological motivation A. laconic meaning “brief〞or “short〞( ) 32. associated transfer B. the foot of the mountain( ) 33. borrowing C. squeak/hiss( ) 34. etymological motivation D. You should address your remarks to the chair. ( ) 35. notional words E. charm/glamour( ) 36. abstract to concrete F. black market/greenhorn( ) 37. semantic motivation G. occupation/walk of life( ) 38. figurative use H. fire/flame/conflagration( ) 39. regional English I. This teaching assistant is an efficient help. ( ) 40. onomatopoeic motivation J. cloud/yellowIII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)41. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or ________ of sounds which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment.42. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, ________ and borrowing.43. The ________ is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.44. Suffixation generally changes the grammatical function or word ________ of stems of words.45. ________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.46. Relative synonyms or ________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality.47. There are generally ________ major factors that cause changes in meaning.48. Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is called ________ or non-linguistic context.49. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent ________.50. Three good general dictionaries are LDCE, CCELD and ________.IV. Define the following terms. (10%)51. bound root52. prefixation53. pejoration34. homophone55. grammatical contextV. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)56. What are the types of morphemes57. What is conceptual meaning of a word Give an example to illustrate your point.58. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the changes in word meaning. State your reason with one example.Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.59. What is semantic unity of idioms Explain it with one example.VI. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%)60. Comment on the following 2 groups of words or sentences to illustrate the semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.Group 1: “red meat/hot dog〞Group 2: “He bad-mouthed me. / major generals〞61. Analyze and comment on the following two pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates:a]Trees surround the water near our summer place.b]Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin.a]I met a writer who is the relation of a politician.b]I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley.。

全国4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案解析历年试卷及答案解析

全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example( )A. ad for “advertisement”B. dish for “food"C. fond for “affectionate”D. an editorial for “an editorial article"3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms6.Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context13.What causes the ambiguity of the sente nce ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )A. V ocabularyB. SituationC. StructureD. None of the above14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken( )A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180015.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16._________________meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.17.The word __________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".18.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.19.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words. Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and 5)motivation.(10%)A B21.reiteration ( ) A. high and low22.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25.personification ( ) E. hiss26.portus ( ) F. bear; beare ( ) G. twitter28.heart ( ) H. cat29.birds ( ) I. port30.snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32.sitcom ( )33.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34.form cradle to grave ( )35.might and main ( )36.fax ( )37.disobey,impolite, ( )38.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low morals"( )39.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"( )40.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅴ.Define the following terms.(10%)41.dictionary42.pejoration43.idioms nominal in nature44.Germanic45.allomorphⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46.What are the stylistic features of idioms?47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.a. The man said he would come to our school next week.b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.50.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.unbearable, international, ex-prisoner全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题参考答案课程代码：00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1.D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.C9.A 10.B11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.CⅡ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%)16. Grammatical 17. minister 18. conventional 19. ambiguity 20. boundⅢ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B. (10%)21.B 22.C 23.A 24.F 25.D26.I 27.H 28.J 29.G 30.EⅣ.Study the following words and expressions and identify 1)types of context clues; 2)types of word formation; 3)types of word-meaning changes and 4)rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31.explanation32.head+head blending33.hyponymy/hyponym34.figure of speech; metonymy35.phonetic manipulation/alliteration36.back clipping37.affixation, prefixation or negative prefixes38.degradation39.narrowing40.elevationⅤ.Define the following terms.(10%)41. Dictionary is a book which presents in alphabetical order the words of a language, with information as to their spelling, pronunciation, meaning usage, etc.42. Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.43.(1)Each idiom has a noun as the key word.(2)Each functions as a noun/also knows asnoun idioms.44.a term used to refer to a branch of the Indo-European language family, which consists of English, German, Dutch, etc.45.one of the variants that realize a morphemeⅥ.Answer the following questions.(12%)46.(1)Many idioms were created in different professions, so they were trade-or profession-related, colloquial and informal.(2)Now most become a part of the common core, neither formal nor informal.(3)There are still many colloquialisms, slang expressions, literary expressions comparatively small in number.47.A)Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases.B)Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation; it's the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.48.Inflectional affixes are affixes (1) attached to the end of words; (2) to indicate grammatical relationships, while derivational affixes are affixes; (3) added to other morphemes; (4) to createnew words.Ⅶ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49.要点：Superordinate Subordinate1) man scholar2) come visit3) school university4) week Monday50.1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes unbearable(un+bear+able), international (inter+nation+al), ex-prisoner(er+prison+er).2)Of the nine morphemes, only bear, nation and prison are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3)All the rest un-,-able,inter-,-al, ex-and-er are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.。

全国高等教育自学考试模拟试题《英语词汇学》(共五套).docx

全国高等教育自学考试（一）英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ______ group of letters printed or written horizontallyacross a piece of pape 匸 ( A. smallB. meaningfulC ・ vocalD ・ large 2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including )informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. ( A. TerminologyB ・Jargon C ・ SlangD. Argot3. T'm sure that they will come today ；There are content words in the above sentence.( A. 2 B.3 C.4D. 54. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( A. Acronym.B. Blending.C ・ Elevation.D ・ Borrowing.5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT _______ ・( )A. kungfu dinner D. Watergate6. In modem times, _____ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. (C. fast foodA. semantic changeB. borrowingC, expansionD ・creation7. The plural morphme "-s" is realizd by/iz/after the following sounds EXCEPT A. /s/ c. /z/B./g/ D./^/8. The word “idealistic” comprises _____ m orphemes ・( A. 1B.29. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ______ .( )A. happier C. harderB. worker D. taller10. "Washing machine” is a word formed by ____ ・( )A. prefixationC・ conversionll.“TV”isa(n).( ) B. compounding D. blendingA. initialismB. acronymC. derivativeD. compound12. The prefix "mis-" in the word "mistrust" is a ______ refix ・()A. negative C. pejorativeB. reversative D. locative13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning^? ()A. Reference・B. Concept.C. Sense・D. Pronunciation.14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away" has the same ______ but different stylistic values. ( )A. referenceB. conceptC・ motivation D. style15. The word u airmaiT" is motivated. ( )A. onomatopocically C. semanticallyB. etymologically D. morphologically16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But __ , all words are related in one way or another.( )A. linguistically C. grammaticallyB. semantically D. pragmatically17, ___ , the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning・()A. Onomatopoeically C・ SynchronicallyB. Diachronically D. Etymologically18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their _____________ ( )A. ideologyC・ mythology B. etymology D. methodology19. Vocabulary is the most ______ e lement of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.A.unbalancedB. unstableC・ unhinged D.undoubted20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “ _____ 5,and jump means ( )A.janitorB. partnerC・ collector D. observer21 ・ In the sentence "Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now." The word ^rown can be classified into ________ sense of transfe r.( )A.physicalB. objectiveC・ sensational D. subjective22.In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs・ This is called ________ context. ( )A.nonJinguisticB. 1 exicalC・ grammatical D. cultural23.The sentence "He is a hard businessman/5 is ambiguous due to _____ ■( )A.grammatical structureB. lexical contextC・ homonymy D. polysemy24.The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire ______ •( )A. physical situationB. grammatical structureC. mental activityD. cultural background25.Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? ( )A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Syntactical manipulation.D. Figures of speech・26.In nothing flat as an idiom is _____ i n nature・()A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27・ The idiom "failure is the mother of success" is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned・( )A. simileB. metaphorC・ metonymy D. personification28.Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook?( )A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.B.Webster's Third New International Dictionary・C. A Chinese-English Dictionary・D.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary・29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary ・( )A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. British dictionaries generally use ____ t o mark the pronunciation. A. British Phonetic Alphabet B. American Phonetic Alphabet C. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic AlphabetII. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes; 2) the functions ofaffixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)111. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%) 41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____ form that can function in a sentence.42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present _____ language ・43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ______ m orphemes ・ 44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called ______ ・ 45. Though having little lexical meaning, _____ words have strong grammatical meaning.46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____ of the whole set alter;47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ______ . 4& The sentence T like Mary better than Jean." will lead to ______ . 49. The fixity of idioms depends on the ____ ・50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ______ and encyclopedic dictionaries.A( ) 31 ・ appreciativemeanings ( )32. parent/child ( ) 33. pejorative prefixes ( )34. man/woman( ) 35・ hyperactive/superfreeze ( ) 36. collocative meaning ( ) 37. decompose/unwrap ( ) 38. pejorative meaning ()39.radios/desks( )40.1 ocative prefixes BA. maltreatB. Jap/niggerC. tremble (not quiver) with fearD. famous/determinedE ・ extraordinaiy/telecommunication E prefixes of degree G. inflectional affixes H ・ reversative prefixes L contradictory termsJ. relative termsIV.Define the following terms. (10%)51.borrowed words52・ conversion53.motivation54.narrowing55.replacement of idiomsV.A nswer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are derivational affixes?57.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point・58.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?The fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty" is very interesting.59.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal・VL Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)60.Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.[bj The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.[c] The metal will expand if heated.61.State the roles of context in detemiination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples・高等教育自学考试（二）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I .Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (20%, 1 point for each)1. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ________________ w ords.()A. derivationalB. functionalC. inflectionalD. compound2. It is estimated that English borrowings constitutewere recognized as languages of literary heritage and great scholarship. B. Latin and FrenchC. English and FrenchD. Latin and German4. The word naturalization can be broken down intoA. 60B. 80 C ・50 D ・70A.2B. 3C.4D.55. Words may fall into content words and functional words byA. notion B ・ originC. frequencyD. meaning6. The process of affixation is also known asA. expansionB. inflection C ・conversionD. derivation7. The word dog may have quite different meanings indifferent cultures. (A. denotativeB. affective C ・ lexical D. grammatical8. Idioms are, in general, felt to be stylisticallyA ・ formal B. frozen C ・ informal D ・ neutral 9. The process by which a word of reputation slides into a pejorative use is calledA. degradationB. transferC. elevationD. narrowing10. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the _________________ meaning of a word ・()percent of the modem English vocabulary.()3. During the Renaissance, A. Latin and Greekmorphemes.A. grammaticalB. associativeC. lexicalD. conceptual11. Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the ________________ meaning. ()A. grammatical C. lexical12. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes such as -er in employer have a______________ semantic role. ( )A. positiveB. bigC. negativeD. small13. Of the following sentences, it is most appropriate to say: ()A. "a man changes his habits, alters his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' B ・ "a man alters his habits, changes his conduct, and varies his manner of speaking.' C ・ "a man changes his habits, varies his conduct, and alters his manner of speaking. D. "a man varies his habits, alters his conduct, and changes his manner of speaking.， 14. _____________ antonyms such as present /absent are mutually exclusive ・ ()A. ContraryB. RelativeC. ContradictoryD. Gradable15. The process by which a word of wider meaning acquired a specialized sense is called _________________ ・ ( )A. naiTOwingB. elevationC. extensionD. transfer16. Words created through back formation are mostly __________________ ・ ( )A. nounsB.adjectivesC. adverbsD. verbs17. In a broad sense, idioms in elude but are not limited to the following: ( )A. proverbs, colloquialisms, free phrasesB. colloquialisms, catch phrases, slang expressionsC. regular combinations, catch phrases, slang expressionsD. free phrases, colloquialisms, catch phrases18. The most productive means of conversion takes place _______________ ・ ( )A. from adjectives to nounsB. between nouns and verbsC. from adjectives to verbsD. between adjectives and verbs19. The idiom part and parcel manifests phonetic manipulation/feature of ________________ ・ ( )A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. alliteration20. The main body of a dictionaiy is the ______________ of words. ()B. denotative D. connotativeB. p ronunciationsD. usage notesII eDecide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)21 ・ Compounds, such as silkworm and easy chair, function grammatically as a single word. ()22. It is incorrect in saying that free morphemes are free roots. ()23. As an early language, Celtic made a big contribution to the English vocabulary ・()24. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the main component of meaning in a word ・ ()25. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym ・ ()26. The idiom earn one" s bread involves the metaphorical use of metonymy. () 27. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes serve to change the grammatical function ofthe stem.()2& Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability; they have limited productivity and collocability.()29. Conversion from noun to verb is not as productive as that of adjective to verb ・ ( )30. By form, we mean both its pronunciation and spelling ・ ()III <Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)3 l.In the study of words, it is important to know about the ________________ and growth of the vocabulary.32.Strictly speaking, idioms are not readily understandable from their _________________ meanings of the individual elements ・ 33. While applying rules of word-formation, we should remember that there are always _______________ .34. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, with the help of _______________ 9 it can refer to something specific ・ 35・ Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _______________ ・IV • Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to sense relations. (10%, 2 points for each) AB( ) 36・ expand A. doctor( ) 37. predecessorB. mare( ) 3& sea C. successor() 39・ surgeon D. see( ) 40. ponyE. enlargeV eStudy the given words and decide how each word is formed. (10%5 2 points for each)A. spellings C ・definitions ( )42.bookmark ( )43.orate ( )44.doc ( )45.medicare ( )VI.Answer the following questions* (15%)46.Exemplify, with one example each, the four types of clipping. (4%)47.Illustrate briefly the characteristics of idioms. (5%)4& Exemplify, with two pairs each, the three types of antonyms: contradictory terms, contrary terms, and relative terms.(6%)VILAnalyze and comment on the given sentence. (15%)49・ On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.全国高等教育自学考试（三）英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832L Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30% )1. As defined in terms of spoken language, a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sounds which are made voluntarilywith human ______ equipment.() A. visual B. vocal C. physicalD. mental2. Words may fall into content words and functional words by _______ ・( )A. use frequencyB. notionC. originD. sound3. ______ refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves ・( )A. TerminologyB. ArchaismsC. SlangD. Jargon4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three channels through which modem English vocabulary develops? ( )A. Creation.B. Semantic changes.C. Clipping.D. Borrowing.5. Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT ________ ・( ) dinnerB. earthriseC. moon walkD. space shuttle6. The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into the Eastern set and the _____________ set.( )A. Western C ・ American7. The plural morpheme is pronounced as/z/in the following words EXCEPT B. bags D. bottles & The word "prisoner” comprises B.2 D.49. The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPTB. African D. NorthernA. beds C. cheatsmorphemes ・( A. 1 C.310. The prefix M over-n in the word "overweight" is a prefix ofA. orientation and attitude B・ degree orsizeC. time and order D・number11. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is calledA. back-formationB. acronymyC. conversion12. "Champagne”，a common noun, comes from a D・clipping•(A. name of a person B・ name of a placeC. name of a bookD. tradename13. is the relationship between language and the world. (A. Reference B・ConceptC. Sense D・Motivation14. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and itsA. formB. pronunciationC. spelling15. The word “D. meaning” is an onomatopoetically motivated word・(A. miaowB. swordC. laconicD. ainnail16. In modem English, an overwhelming majority of words areA. originalB. initialC. polysemousD. periodical,the derived meanings, no matter how many, are secondary in comparison・(17.A. SynchronicallyB. DiachronicallyC. EtymologicallyD. Onomatopoetically18. Want, wish, like and desire are synonyms, but as far as intensity is concerned, is the strongest of all. (A. wishB. likeC. wantD. desire19.There are five types of meaning changes and among which ________ a re the most common・( )A. degradation and elevationB. transfer and extensionC. elevation and narrowingD. extension and narrowing20.Due to ______ r eason, a word is retained for a name though the meaning has changed because the referent has changed.( )A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in nature21 ・ Among the following words only generalized.()is the word which originally had a specialized meaning and now has becomeA. journalB. wifeC ・ accidentD ・ disease22. Based on context, we can arrive at the meaning of "do a sum” ・(A. grammatical B ・ lexicalD. non-linguistic23. The sentence "The fish is ready to eat.” is ambiguous due to _____C. culturalA. grammatical structureB. hyponymyC. cultural influenceD. non-linguistic context24. In the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell.H The meaning of kinesics can be inferred from the clue of・()A. definitionB ・synonymy D. hyponymy25. Which of the following is NOT a figure of speech?()C. antonymyA. Metaph or.B ・Personification. C. Euphemism.26. Never do things by halves is a (n) D ・Shortening.•( ) C. sentence idiom D. adverbial idiom in nature27. The change of idiom "Silence is golden 11 from the original form isA. replacementB. position-shiftingD ・ shortening 28. The following are the unique features of Collins CO BUILD English Language Dictionary EXCEPT C ・ additionA. definitionB. extra columnC. usage examplesD. clear grammar codes29. Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionaiy (1983) is a (n) ___________ dictionary ・(A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic30. Which of the following is NOT true for the Chinese-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995) ?( A. The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries. B. The new edition revised some old entries.C. The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.D. The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.II • Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of word formation; 2) types of morphemes; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) discrimination of synonyms. (10% )A B()31・ honeybee A. difference in application()32・ handy/manual B・ difference in denotation()33・ upon C. bound morpheme()34. rich/wealthy D・ clipping()35・ medicare E. fimctional word()36. answer/reply F content word()37. flu G. compounding()38. steel H. initialism()39.VOA L blending()40. idealistic J. difference in connotationI]I. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10 % )41._____ are newly-created words or expressions,, or words that have taken on new meanings.42.In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a______ language to the present analytic language・43.The morphemes can be grouped into _______ morphemes and bound morphemes・44.The prefix n un-n in the word n unwrap n is a ________ prefix・45.Lexical meaning of a word has two concepts: ________ meaning and associative meaning・46.Hyponymy can be described in terms of _______ graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates・47.In Old English, animals and their _______share the same name.48.Stmctural patterns where a particular word is used is called ________ context.49.Idioms verbal in nature can be subdivided into _______ verbs and other verb phrases.50.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known _______ dictionary・IV.Define the following terms. (10% )51.bound morphemes52.affixes53・ blending54.unabridged dictionary55.dismembering of idiomV.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20%)56.What are the three periods in view of the development of English vocabulary?57.How many types do bound morphemes include? What are they?58.What is concept? Give an example to illustrate your point.59.How do you use a dictionary to the full?VI.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )60.Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font. Customer: "How come yoursausages taste like meat at one end, but like bread at the other? H Butcher replied: ”Madam, in times like these no butcher can make both ends meet. H61.Analyze and comment on the following statement.As most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in context.高等教育自学考试（四）英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.(45%)1. The symbolic connection between sound and meaning is almost alwaysA. motivatedB. arbitraryC. logicalD. unconventional2. Pronouns and numerals are semantically and have limitedA. polysemous; use and stabilityB. monosemous; collocability and stabilityC. polysemous; use and productivityD. monosemous; productivity and collocability3. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and .(A. dynamicB. paradigmaticC. diachronicD. syntagmatic4. Old English is a highly language just like modern German/A. agglutinativeB. analyticC. isolatingD. inflected5. Old English began to undergo a great change when the invaded England in 1066.(A. RomansB. DanesC. NormansD. Jutes6. The English Language is noted for the remarkable and of its vocabulary/A. complexity, heterogeneityB. purity, simplicityC・ naturalness, simplicity D・ naturalness, conventionality7. The popular method of classifying English morphemes is to group them into morphemes andmorphemes.(A. derivational, inflectionalB. free, boundC. free, inflectionalD. root, boundis the form to which affixes of any kind can be added.(A. rootB. stemC. 1 exemeD. headword9. In English, bound roots are either or ・(B.Greek, ScandinavianA. Latin, French10.The chief function of suffixation is to ______A.change the word-classB.change the meaning of the stemC・ change the semantic function of the stemD. all the above11._____________________________________________________ Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or _________________________________________________ affixes to stems.( )A.derivational B・inflectionalC.boundD. locative12.Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of _______ .( )A.prefixationB. compoundingC.clippingD. suffixation13.Associative meaning comprises several types except _______ .( )A.connotative meaningB. stylistic meaningC.affective meaningD. lexical meaning14.“MuctT and “many” have the same _______ .( )A. concept B・motivationC. collocationD. sense15._____ meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships.( )A. LexicalB. ConceptualC. Associative D・ Grammatical16. ____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages because overwhelming majority of words have more than one meaning.( )A. Polysemy B・ HyponymyC. SynonymyD. Homonymy17.The difterences between synonyms boil down to three areas: ________ .( )A.elevation, connotation, applicationB.connotation, elevation, degradationC.connotation, denotation, applicationD.amelioration, deterioration, denotation18.A ____ term is general and a/an _______ term is specific^ )A. hyponym,subordinateB. superordinate, subordinateC. polysemant, monosemantD. lower, upper19. ____ have experienced the extension of meanings.( )A. Proper nouns in the pastB. Polysemic words of modern EnglishC. Technical terms in the pastD. All the above20.If a word which used to have a more _________ sense becomes restricted in its application in a present-day language, the word has undergone narrowing of meaning.( )A. specific B・ pejorativeC. generalD. appreciative21 ・ Many low, humble and despised occupations take more ______ names due to _______ r easons.( )A. appealing, economic B・ vulgar, psychologicalC. appealing, psychologicalD. non・affbchng, psychological22.Ambiguity is caused mainly by ______ context.( )A. lexicalB. historicalC. grammaticalD. inadequate23._____ and ______ often define each other, thus forming an important context clue.( )A. Antonymy, synonymy B・Hyponymy, homonymyC. Superordinates, subordinatesD. Lexical words, grammatical words24.Context is very important for the understanding of word-meaning because the meaning is influenced immediately by the_____ context, and in many cases by the whole ________ a s well.( )A. lexical, linguistic contextB. linguistic, speech situationC. grammatical, lexical contextD. lexical, extra-linguistic context25.Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than _______ word, but each is a semantic unity.( )A. one B・twoC. threeD. four26.Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring which excludes _______ .( )A. lexical manipulationB. stylistic manipulationC. phonetic manipulation D・figures of speech27.The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the _______ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.( )A. logicalB. lexicalC. illogicalD. grammatical28•厶ongman Lexicon of Contemporary English was compiled on the principle of _______ .( )A. pronunciation B・fieldsC. spellingD. usage29._____is a monolingual dictionary.( )A.Oxford Advance d L earners Dictionary of Contemporaiy English with Chinese TranslationB.New English-Chinese DictionatyC.Chinese-English DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English30.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______ .( )A.monolingual dictionaries B・ general dictionariesC. encyclopedic dictionariesD. both A and BIIL Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook.(5%)41.Stylistics is concerned with the user's ________ of linguistic elements in a particular context for special efleets.42.Of all the borrowed words in English, about ________ a re from French・43.Free morphemes and free ______ are identical.44.It deserves noting that conversion is not only a change of grammatical function of the lexical item involved but with itthe different range of ______ that it originally carried.45.Parts of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, these meaning of verbs all belong to _________ meaning・IV.Study the following words and decide how each word is formed.(10%)Example: disobey (affixation)46.honeymoon ( ) 47. medicare ( )48. donn ( ) 49. AIDS ( )。

全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案测评

全国202X年10月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832本卷子总分值100分，考试时间150分钟.考生答题考前须知：1.本卷全部真题必须在答题卡上作答。

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第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1. Which of the following does NOT belong to the characteristics of the basic word stockA.All national character.B. Productivity.C. Stability.D. Terminology.2.Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency.B.Words may fall into content words and functional words by notion.C.Words may fall into loan-words and notional words by the degree of assimilation.D.Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by origin.3.Which of the following is NOT true about the description of the relationship between sound and meaningA.There is intrinsic relationship between sound and meaning.B.The symbolic connection of a sound and its meaning is almost always arbitrary.C.The relationship between sound and meaning is conventional.D.In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.4.In the Western set,____is the modern language derived from Hellenic.tinB. GreekC. RussianD. Spanish5.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the English vocabularyA.English is more closely related to German than French.B.Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.C.Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.D.In Early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.6.From the historical overview of the English vocabulary, the period of Old English is____.A. from 55B.C. to 410 B. from 450 to 1150C. from 1150 to 1500D. from 1500, then up to now7.Which of the following words does NOT have inflectional affixesA. Happier.B. Worker.C. Harder.D. Taller.8.The word “idea listic〞comprises____morpheme(s).A.1B.2C.3D.49.Which of the following words is NOT a stemA. Nation.B. National.C. International.D. Internationalists.10.The word “sandwich〞now denotes a popular fast food. It originates from John Montague, Fourth Earl of Sandwich in 18th century. This example shows one of the sources of English vocabulary is____.A. compoundB. proper nounsC. back-formationD. conversion11.Which of the following words is the example of blendingA. Motel.B. Sandwich.C. Flu.D.AIDS.12.Which of the following words is NOT a noun compoundA. Moon walk.B. Ten-storey.C. Outbreak.D. Up-bringing.13.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. This is called____.A. onomatopoeic motivationB. morphological motivationC. semantic motivationD. etymological motivation14.a) They chucked a stone at the cops, and then did a bunk with the loot,b) After casting a stone at the police, they absconded with the money.The above two sentences have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in____meaning.A. connotativeB. affectiveC. stylisticD. collocative15.____meaning indicates the speaker's attitude towards the person or thing in questions.A. ConceptualB. StylisticC. AffectiveD. Denotative16.Words identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning are____.A.homographsB. homophonesC. perfect homonymsD. hyponyms17.Words “change〞，“alter〞and “vary〞are similar in denotation，but embrace different shades of meaning. They are____.A. absolute synonymsB. complete synonymsC. full synonymsD. relative synonyms18.Words like “red, orange, yellow, green，black，etc.〞make up the____of “colours〞.A. synonymsB.hyponymsC. sense relationsD.semantic field19.V ocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and____.A. pronunciationB.contentC. spellinge20.The meaning of the word “criticize〞has changed from “apprais e〞to “find fault with〞. Such a change is called____.A. elevationB.generalizationC. extensionD.degradation21.The word “meat〞originally meant ‘‘food’，，but now has come to mean “flesh of animals〞. This is an example to illustrate____of meaning.A. generalizationB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevation22.In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the____ in which it occurs.A. structureB. sentenceC. phraseD. clause23.The word “do〞means “brush〞in “do one’s teeth〞，while it means “arrange〞in “do the flowers〞.The above example shows that____affects the meaning of a word.A. lexical contextB. grammatical contextC. non-linguistic contextD. structural context24.Which of the following is NOT one of the major functions of contextA.Elimination of ambiguity.B.Indication of referents.C.Formation of ambiguity.D. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.25.Which of the following is NOT one of the variations of idiomsA. Repetition.B. Dismembering,C. Addition.D. Shortening.26 .“Thr ough thick and thin〞is a(n)____.A. verbal idiom in natureB. nominal idiom in natureC. sentence idiomD. adverbial idiom in nature27.There is a____in the idiom “by hook and by crook〞as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.A. simileB. reiterationC. repetitionD. rhyme28.Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known____dictionary.A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic29.When we choose a dictionary, we should pay attention to the following aspects EXCEPT____.A. unabridged or abridgedB. British or AmericanC. early or lateD. monolingual or bilingual30.Which of the following is NOT true about a Chines e-English Dictionary (Revised Edition) (CED) (1995)A.The new edition cut off the previous alphabetical order of entries.B.The new edition revised some old entries.C.The new edition has more single character entries and more multi-character entries,D.The dictionary boasts of the quality of the English equivalents.非选择题局部考前须知：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在真题卷上。

7月浙江自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (15%, 1 point for each)1. The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of _____ words into the English vocabulary.A. LatinB. GreekC. DanishD. French2. According to the textbook, the general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over _____.A. 500,000B. 1,000,000C. 200,000D. 2,000,0003. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels:_____.A. creation, conversion and borrowingB. creation, semantic change and borrowingC. creation, borrowing and back-formationD. semantic change, borrowing and back-formation4. Which of the following is NOT true?_____A. A word is a sound unity.B. A word has a given meaning.C. A word can be used freely in a sentence.D. A word is the smallest form of a language.5. Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is _____.A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability6. The meanings of etymologically motivated words relate directly to their _____.A. semantic changeB. the morphemes combinedC. originsD. word-formation7. The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas: _____.A. denotation, connotation and intensityB. connotation, intensity and applicationC. denotation, connotation and applicationD. connotation, implication and application8. _____ of meaning is the process by which words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.A. ExtensionB. ElevationC. NarrowingD. Degradation9. Words like cuckoo, ping-pong are _____ motivated.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically10. Antonyms are often used in proverbs to _____.A. express ideas economicallyB. express ideas easilyC. form metaphorsD. form antithesis to achieve emphasis11. Associative meaning, according to GLeech, comprises four types, they are _____.A. connotative, stylistic, affective and collocativeB. connotative, stylistic, affective and lexicalC. connotative, stylistic, affective and grammaticalD. connotative, stylistic, affective and conceptual12. The development of word meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses:_____.A. radiation and narrowingB. concatenation and wideningC. radiation and concatenationD. radiation and widening13. Unlike reference, sense denotes the relationships _____.A. outside the languageB. inside the languageC. with the meaningD. between the language and the world14. According to the textbook, the best-known unabridged dictionary is _____.A. The World Book DictionaryB. The Encyclopedia AmericanaC. Webster’s New World DictionaryD. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary15. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary ( CCELD) (1987) has such unique features as _____.A. definition, usage examples and language notesB. definition, extra column and usage examplesC. definition, extra column and language notesD. definition, usage examples and clear grammar codesII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)16.( ) English is more closely related to German than French.17.( ) A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be analyzed without total loss of identity.18.( ) Suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.19.( ) Lexical meaning and associative meaning make up the word-meaning.20.( ) Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and adjectives.21.( ) Of the five groups of idioms, idioms nominal in nature are the largest group.22.( ) Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.23.( ) Homonyms come mainly from borrowing, changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.24.( ) The unmarked term of an antonymous pair often covers the meaning of the marked.25.( ) Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo.III. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to the sense relations. (10%, 126. ( ) 27. ( ) 28. ( ) 29. ( ) 30. ( )31. ( ) 32. ( ) 33. ( ) 34. ( ) 35. ( )IV. Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)36. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and _____.37. The language used between 450 and 1150 is called _____, which has a vocabulary of 50,000 to 60,000.38. Semantic motivation refers to the mental _____ suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.39. The words which are fully identical in meaning are called _____ synonyms.40. Words may fall into the basic word stock and _____ vocabulary by use frequency.V. Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (10%, 2 points for each)Example: disobey(Affixation)41. honeybee ( )42. disco ( )43.donate ( )44. AIDS ( )45. autocide ( )VI. Answer the following questions. (20%, 5 points for each)46. Why are free morphemes and free roots identical?47. How do you understand semantic motivation?48. What are the functions of context?49. In what ways do compounds differ from free phrases?VII. Analyze and comment on the given sentences. Pick out the idiom in the sentence, and point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. (15%)50. Look at Mary. She’s eating like a horse!。

《英语词汇学》自考真题试题及答案解析

《英语词汇学》自考真题试题及答案解析卷面总分：102分答题时间：80分钟试卷题量：51题一、单选题（共51题，共0分）1.“Woman”becomes “Frau”in German, “femme”in French and“f ùnǔ”in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .• A. sounds• B.forms• C.unities• D.meanings正确答案：A2.The following words of the basic word stock denote the most commonthings and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .• A.fire• B.hot• C.photoscanning• D.sister正确答案：C3.Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their originalpronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?• A.Bazaar• B.Kowtow• C.Rajah• D.Blitzkrieg正确答案：B4.The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of thefollowing EXCEPT ______ .• A.Europe• B.the Far East• C.India• D.the Near East正确答案：B5.Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words inthe present-day English vocabulary?• A.The rapid development of modern science and technology.• B.Social, economic and political changes• C.The invasion of foreign countries.• D.The influence of other cultures and languages.正确答案：C6.Modern English vocabulary develops through the following channelsEXCEPT ______.• A.creation• B.borrowing• C.semantic change• D. lexical change正确答案：D7.How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words?cats boss work improper tried• A.1• B.2• C.3• D.4正确答案：B8.A mong the following words, “______ ”does NOT have inflectionalaffixes.• A. liked• B.children’s• C.happier• D.it’s正确答案：D9.Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?• A.Northward• B.Widen• C.Happy• D.Worker.正确答案：C10.Among the following words, “______ ”contains a negative prefix.• A.amoral• B.de-compose• C.antiwar• D.foretell正确答案：A11.From the viewpoint of word formation, the word “smog”is a ______.• pound• B.conversion• C.clipping• D.blending正确答案：D12.Which of the following is partially converted?• A. A white• B.A drunk• C.The poor• D.Finals正确答案：C13.One can figure out the meaning of “airmail ”to be “mail by air ”by its ______.• A.onomatopoeic motivation• B.morphological motivation• C.semantic motivation• D.etymological motivation正确答案：B14.When a reader comes across the word “home”in his reading, theword may remind him of his “family, friends, warmth, safety, etc. ”In this sense, the word “home”conveys ______.• A.connotative meaning• B.stylistic meaning• C.affective meaning• D.collocative meaning正确答案：A15.Which of the following statements is TRUE?• A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.• B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.• C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’s attitude towards the person or thing in question• D.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.正确答案：B16.Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound andmeaning are called ______.• A.perfect homonyms• B.homographs• C.homophones• D.homonyms正确答案：B17.The differences between synonyms exist in the following areasEXCEPT ______.• A.denotation• B.connotation• C.reference• D.application正确答案：C18.“Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ”make up the ______ of“fruit ”.• A.synonyms• B.homonyms• C.superordinate term• D.semantic field正确答案：D19.______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had aspecialized meaning has now become generalized.• A.Degradation• B.Elevation• C.Extension• D.Specilization正确答案：C20.Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors thatcause changes in meaning?• A.Cultural reason.• B.Historical reason• C.Class reason• D.Psychological reason正确答案：A21.The word “minister”originally meant “a servant”, but now haschanged to“a head of a ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .• A.extension• B.elevation• C.degradation• D.specialization正确答案：B22.In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced bythe ______in which it occurs.• A.structure• B.sentence• C.phrase• D.clause正确答案：A23.There is an ambiguity in the sentence “He is a hard businessman ”due to ______.• A.polysemy• B.homonymy• C.synonymy• D.antonymy正确答案：A24.Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?• A.Definition• B.Polysemy• C.Synonymy• D.Antonymy.正确答案：B25.Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?• A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.• B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’t be r• C.The word order in an idiom can ’t be changed.• D.An idiom functions as one word.正确答案：A26.Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each andfunction as a noun in sentences.• A.verb• B.adjective• C.preposition• D.noun正确答案：D27.Lexical manipulation is one aspect of the rhetorical features of idioms.The following EXCEPT ______ belong to lexical manipulation.• A.alliteration• B.reiteration• C.repetition• D.juxtaposition正确答案：A28.Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’, 3rd Edition (1980), isamong the best-known British ______ dictionaries.• A.unabridged• B.desk• C.pocket• D.bilingual正确答案：B29.Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______. • A. spelling• B.pronunciation• C.definition• D.syntactical rules正确答案：D30.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has someunique features such as definition, extra column and ______.• A. pronunciation• B.grammar codes• age examples• nguage codes正确答案：C31.The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.• A.stretch• B.extend• C.expand• D.prolong本题解析：此题考查的是固定词组搭配。

自考《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(1)答案

with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have
strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established
affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes
come before the word and the suffixes after the word.
3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human
trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or
profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group
language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring
expressions as there are languages in the world.
4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.
7. grammatically； semantically.
8. monosemic； polysemy.
9. essential.
10. absolute synonyms； relative synonyms

全国英语词汇学高等教育自学考试试题与答案

全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（）A．meaning B．SoundC．combination of sounds D．Group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（）A．more slowly than B．As quickly asC．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（）A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.（）A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall”means ______ in British English.（）A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT______.（）A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（）A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（）A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（）A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（）A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（）A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（）A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in thehuman mind.（）A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．Sense relations17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（）A．senses B．FormsC．dialects D．Terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（）A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（）A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（）A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.”is ambiguous due to ______.（）A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（）A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.（）A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（）A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature. C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（）A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（）A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one（）A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation C．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation 30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（）A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion;and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B（ c ）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition（ I ）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word（ g ）33．and C．transfer of sensations （ h ）34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete （ a ）35．here and there E．derivational affix（ b ）36．moon F．alliteration（ f ）37．rough and ready G．functional word（ e ）38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix（ j ）39．fair and square I．associated transfer（ d ）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhyme Ⅲ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. 42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free root.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．Vocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiomⅤ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between. 59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.（1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.。

2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案

2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题每小题1分，共30小题1、Which of the following is NOT true about sound and meaning （）A.The relationship between them is conventionalB.The symbolic connection between them is almost always arbitraryC.In different languages the same concept can be represented by the same soundsD.There is no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself2、The verb take, which belongs to the basic word stock, may mean: to carry from one place to another; to get for oneself; to be willing to accept, etc. This example shows basic word stock is characterized by__（）A.stabilityB.productivityC.polysemyD.collocability3、The English expression long time no see is from the Chinese expression好久不见,so it can be classified into __ according to the manner of borrowing（）A.denizensB.liensC.semantic-loansD.translation-loans4、After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated England. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as__ English（）A.OldB.NewC.MiddleD.Modern5、Which of the following is NOT true（）A.Old English was a highly inflected languageB.English is more closely related to German than FrenchC.Modern English is considered to be an analytic languageD.In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side6、There are such new words as open heart surgery, and spaceshuttle in Modern English. These words show__（）A.the invasion of foreign countriesB.social, economic and political changesC.the influence of other cultures and languagesD.the rapid development of modern science and technology7、Which of the following words is the example of free morphemes（）A.carsB.virusC.teacherD.happier8、The basic form of a word which CANNOT be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a__（）A.prefixB.suffixC.rootD.bound morpheme9、There is/are__ monomorphemic word（s） in the following words: desire, bossy, bird, feet, southward（）A.1B.2C.3D.410、Which of the following words has a prefix of attitude （）A.misconductB.unwrapC.anti-nuclearD.mini-election11、Examination has given way to its shortened form exam. This is the example of__ in word formation（）A.clippingB.acronymypoundingD.conversion12、The following suffixes come at the end of noun stems to form abstract nouns EXCEPT__（）A.-domB.-ageC.-shipD.-eer13、In word meaning, the relationship between language and the world is__by means of which, a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about（）A.referenceB.conceptC.senseD.motivation14、In modern English some words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises, and the sounds suggest their meanings, like hiss, cuckoo, and buzz. These words are __motivated（）A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.ctymologically15、Mother, denoting a "female parent", is often associated with "love", "care", etc. This example shows that words have__ meaning（）A.affectiveB.stylisticC.connotativeD.collocative16、The words right, write and rite are__（）A.homophonesB.homographsC.perfect homonymsD.perfect synonyms17、Which of the following pairs of synonyms comes from the source of figurative and euphemistic use of words（）A.help—lend one a handB.wise—sageC.lie—distort the factD.job—gig18、The following words make up the semantic field of fruits EXCEPT__（）A.apricotB.celeryC.ateD.avocado19、Some phrases containing material nouns are shortened and only the material nouns are left to refer to objects made of them, for example silver now used for " silver dollar". This is a process of__ of meaning（）A.generalizationB.specializationC.elevationD.degradation20、Which of the following shows degradation of word meaning （）A.meat meaning from "food" to "flesh of animalsB.angel meaning from" messenger" to" messenger of GodC.butcher meaning from "one who kills goats" to "one who kills animalsD.villain meaning from "a person who worked in a villa" "an evil or wicked person21、Which of the following shows that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning（）A.Bulb is used for "light bulbB.The meaning of the word fortuitous changed from "accidental" to "fortunateC.The word pig is used for live animals while pork from French is used for pigs killed and brought to the tableD.Words like democracy, human rights, revolution have different meanings in different societies22、The following factors may lead to ambiguity EXCEPT__（）A.polysemyB.homonymyC.grammatical structureD.word class23、The word paper means differently in the phrases a sheet of paper and today‘s paper, which shows that __context affects the meaning of words（）A.non-linguisticB.grammaticalC.lexicalD.social24、What context clue is used in the sentence Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather than in the geocentric theory（）A.Sentence patternB.Word structureC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy25、The expression in question meaning "being considered" CANNOT be turned into in the question. This example indicates__（）A.the constituents of idioms cannot be replacedB.the word order cannot be inverted or changedC.the various words that make up the idioms have lost their individual identityD.the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article26、Which of the following is an idiom adjectival in nature （）A.Jack of all tradesB.beyond the paleC.follow one‘s noseD.make it27、Alliteration is used in the following idioms EXCEPT__（）A.wear and tearB.might and mainC.rough and readyD.toss and turn28、One can find the definition of the headword wind and additional knowledge about winds such as types and names of winds, their velocity, force, etc. in a（n） __ dictionary （）A.linguisticB.encyclopedicC.unabridgedD.pocket29、The main body of a dictionary is its__ of words（）A.spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionage30、The definition of aide is "An aide is person who works as an assistant to someone with an important job, especially in government or armed forces". Such a definition is most likely to be found in__（）A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English（1987）B.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary（1987）C.Chinese-English Dictionary（1995）D.Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English（1975）二、简答题每小题5分，共4小题1、What is a free morpheme2、Form compounds by using the following elements （each one can be used only once）: cry-; sit-; law-; out-;bitter--in;-sweet; -break;-baby; -abiding3、What is radiation in the sense of development of word-meaning4、Explain what leads to ambiguity in the sentence He is a hard businessman三、论述题每小题10分，共2小题1、What is stylistic meaning of word Use domicile, residence, abode, and home to illustrate the stylistic difference of synonyms2、Comment on the characteristics of antonyms by illustrating the following pair of sentences. （1）How tall is his brother （2）How short is his brother四、填空题每小题1.5分，共10小题1、A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given__ and meaning and syntactic function2、Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change, and__3、The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is__4、I promised to babysit for my neighbor this weekend. In the sense of word formation, the underlined word babysit is formed by__5、Semantic motivation refers to the__ associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word6、Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. Take flower and rose as an example. Flower is the__ term while rose is the subordinate term7、Barn was once "a place for storing only barley", but now means "storeroom". This is an example of __of meaning8、The word become means differently in the structures "become adj." and "become +of. " This shows that __context may affect the meaning of words9、Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent __, for instance, by twos and threes cannot be turned into by threes and twos10、The headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the __ language in monolingual dictionaries五、名词解释题每小题3分，共5小题1、terminology2、compounding3、homonyms4、linguistic context （in a narrow sense）5、phrasal verbs参考答案：【一、单项选择题】1~5CCDAD6~10DBCBC11~30点击下载查看答案【二、简答题】1Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes areconsidered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.21) crybaby;2) sit-in;3) law-abiding;4) outbreak;5) bitter-sweet3Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays. The meanings are independent of one another.4The word hard in this context can mean both 查看答案【五、名词解释题】1Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.2Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.3Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.4In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context.5Phrasal verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep. and/ or a particle.。

4月全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案解析

全国2018年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________.（）A. butcher →one who kills goatsB. journal →periodicalC. companion →one who shares breadD. allergic →too sensitive to medicine2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.（）A. extension, increase and expansionB. denotation, connotation and applicationC. comprehension, understanding and knowingD. polysemy, homograph and homophone3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________.（）A. inflectional affixesB. derivational affixesC. bound rootsD. free morphemes4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _________.（）A. synonymyB. antonymyC. homonymyD. hyponymy5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in “rain cats and dogs”.（）A. illogicalB. logicalC. mutualD. natural6. Idioms verbal in nature are _________.（）A. verb phrasesB. phrasal verbsC. verb idiomsD. all the above7. The idiom “new brooms sweep clean” was created probably by _________.（）A. seamenB. housewivesC. farmersD. hunters8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.（）A. –fulB. –wiseC. –lessD. –ike9. Both English and _________ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.（）A. CelticB. DansihC. FrenchD. Scottish10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.（）A. bound rootsB. inflectional affixesC. derivational affixesD. all the above11. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.（）A. its referentB. its referring expressionsC. its meaningD. its concept12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________.（）A. notionB. use frequencyC. foundationD. origin13. Which of the following is NOT correct? _________（）A. A word is a meaningful group of letters.B. A word is a unit of meaning.C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds.D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence.14. If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _________.（）A. a thesaurusB. a synonym finderC. an encyclopediaD. an encyclopedic dictionary15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?（）A. It is always better than an American dictionary.B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.C. One can never expect to find American usages in it.D. It tends to include more grammatical information.II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16.The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ___________ words into English.17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or ___________.18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ___________ of referents.19. Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unit.20. Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation; 3) types of changes in word meaning. (10%)A B( )21. senior citizen A. metonymy( )22. the pot calls the cattle black B. narrowing( )23. earn one’s bread C. euphemism( )24. from cradle to grave D. synecdoche( )25. sit on the fence E. hiss( )26. constable (a policeman) F. personification( )27. criticize(find fault with) G. morphologically motivated( )28. liquor(alcoholic drink) H. degradation( )29. snakes I. metaphor( )30. hopeless J. elevationIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of meaning. (10%)31. harder ( )32. Fridge ( )33. autocide ( )34. tremble with fear ( )35. notorious, skinny ( )36. two-layer ( )37. UNESCO ( )38. cloudy ( )39. subway ( )40. police, money ( )V. Define the following terms.(10%)41. extra-linguistic context42. prefixation43. semantic change44. conceptual meaning45. specializationVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What is semantic unity of idioms?47. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms? Illustrate your points.48. What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%) 49. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes. dishearten, idealistic, unfriendly50. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.Comment on the statement with your own example.。

2020年4月全国英语词汇学自考试题及答案解析

全国2019年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. forC. threeD. five2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.A. Free rootsB. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemesD. Meaningful units6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.A. the growth of science and technologyB. economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and C8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?A. StabilityB. Collocability.C. Productivity.D. National character.19. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason and psychological reasonC. class reason and psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. rhetorical functionD. none of the above13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.A. socialB. verbalC. lexicalD. physicalII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. In the course book, the idioms are classified according to ______ functions.17. Linguistic context can be further divided into ______ context and grammatical context.18. The ______ languages made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with a few place names like Avon, kent, Themes.19. Morphemes which are identical with root words are considered to be ______.20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2)language groups; 3)degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)A B23( )21. apesA. colloquial ( )22. Old EnglishB. a language of full endings ( )23. IrishC. Italic ( )24. tinyD. very formal and official ( )25. FrenchE. yelp ( )26. cattleF. poetic ( )27. domicileG . Celtic ( )28. abodeH. gibber ( )29. foxesI. a language of leveled endings ( )30. Middle English J. lowⅣ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%)31. mismanage( ) 32. elephants-trumpet( ) 33. pretty ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧flower woman girl( ) 34. forehead( ) 35. bossy( ) 36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( ) 37. anti-establishment( ) 38. subsea ( ) 39. a sea of troubles( ) 40. harder( ) Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)41. idiom42. functional words43. degradation44. bilingual dictionary45. conversion Ⅵ. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (12%)46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.Ⅶ. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(18%)49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain what contextual clues help you work out the meaning.‘Get me an avocado, please,’Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery4。

自考《英语词汇学》模拟试卷（1）

I. Complete the following statement or passage with proper expressions. （每题1分，共10分） 1. Archaisms are words no longer in _________ use or _______ in use. 2. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called _________. 3. The Indo - European language is made up of most of the languages of _____； _______； _____. 4. A bound root is that part of the word that carries the _______ meaning just like a ________. In English， bound roots are either _______ or _________. 5. Affixes are forms that are ________ to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. We can put them into two groups： ________ and ________. 6. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _________，________ and ________. 7. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both ________ and ______ as a single word. 8. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is ________. 9. Synonyms can be defined as one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same _______ meaning. 10. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups： ________ and _________. II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. （每题1分，共10分） 1. Old English was a highly inflected language. （） 2. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. （） 3. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation. （） 4. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. （） 5. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems. （） 6. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit， so the internal structure can not be changed. （） 7. Such words as the poorer， the departed， a Republican are all examples of partial conversion. （） 8. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns， verbs and adverbs. （） 9. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms， but there are many exceptions. （） 10. Idioms are characterized by terseness， expressiveness and vividness. （） III. Fill in each bland with a word contrary in meaning to the word given in the bracket. （每题2分，共20分） 1. Beads and shells are ________ forms of money. （modern） 2. I have finished all the exercises， I am ______ done. （partly） 3. On a humid day， there is a lot of ________ in the air. （dryness） 4. Mosquitoes won't bite just anyone. They look for someone ________. （ordinary） 5. If you want to drive， it is ______ to have a driver's license. （unnecessary） 6. There is a great _____ in our political beliefs. We agree on most things. （difference） 7. The man said， "I am ________. I didn't do it！" （guilty） 8. The soldier stood in a ______ position while the general walked past him. （relaxed） 9. You will have to ______ the string in order to open the box. （tighten） 10. No one lives in that ______ house. （inhabited） IV. Explain the following terms：（每题5分，共20分） 1. word 2. affixes 3. concept 4. hyponymy V. Fill in the blanks with the following verbal phrases in their suitable forms：（每题1分，共20分） take on； break into； bite into ； go about； let out； draw up； set down； hold on to； bring up； make out； dry up； put out； live through； set off； call for； tear apart； buy off； build in； count on； sink in 1. 1848 was a year of revolution in Europe； Karl Marx and Frederick Engels published the Communist Manifesto， and political demonstration ______ the great cities of Paris， Vienna， Naples and Berlin. 2. With liberal doses of calomel， rhubarb and castor oil， he slowly improved， and after three weeks， he ______ his trousers and was eager to escape from his bed. 3. He travelled to foundling homes， prisons and lunatic asylums in his search for people. 4. We ________ at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima. 5. I was just about to make my little bow of assent， when the meaning of these last words _______， jolting me out of my sad reverie. 6. No one talks about it any more， and no one wants to， especially， the people who were born here or who ______ it. 7. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain， and he thought that Hitler was______ enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A. 8. My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly _______ that _______？ 9. Assuming the hotel man was ______， their only chance - a slim one - lay in removing the car quickly. 10. When railroads began ______ the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce， Mark Twain left the country. 11. By the time the trial began on July 10， our town of 1500 people had _______ a circus. 12. Among them was John Butler， who had _______ the anti - evolution law. 13. Then the court ______ a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan. 14. The first - and essential - step in the study of any language is observing and ______ precisely what happens when native speakers speak it. 15. By 1976， the slump had begun to _______ the bulk - carrier trade. 16. The key tactic behind its strategy of _______ the richest slice of the trade has been to move up - market - to go where the Third World cannot follow into high - technology investment. 17. Sailors and officers ______ their chores as usual on these ships， amid piping and loudspeaker squawks. 18. Mr. Hopkins has _______ your name. He appears impressed， and the President too， by your expertise on landing craft and so forth. 19. He _________ a Southern war whoop. In a flash， John， Mckean and Franklin crowded around him. 20. Mr. Jefferson， I can't quite ________ what it is you're talking about. VI. Questions and answers：（每题10分，共20分） 1. What is extra - linguistic context？ 2. What is back - formation？。

自考《英语词汇学》模拟试卷（2）

I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false （每⼩题1分，共10分） 1. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation. 2. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian. 3. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. 4. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stem. 5. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class. 6. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning. 7. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words. 8. Unlike conceptual meaning， associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate. 9. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word - meaning which indicates the attitude of the user. 10. Collocation can affect the meaning of words. II. Complete the following statements or passages with proper expressions according to the text （每⼩题1分，共8分） 1. The definition of a word comprises the following points： _____； ______； _____； ________. 2. There is no _____ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself. 3. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _____，______ and _______. 4. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding ______ or ______ to stems. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words， affixation falls into two subclasses： ______ and _____. 5. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is _____. 6. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles：________ and _______. 7. The development of word - meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses， traditionally known as______ and ________. 8. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in _____ and ________， but different in _______. III. Choose a suitable word to fill in each bland （每⼩题1分，共16） 1. He mounted his ________ （gee - gee， steed）。

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英语词汇学自考题模拟21(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that **pletes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1."I"m certain that she **e tomorrow."There are ______ content words in the above sentence.SSS_SINGLE_SELA 2B 3C 4D 5分值: 1答案:B[解析] 实词是短语或句子中意义比较具体、明确的词。

英语中的实词主要是表示事物、行为、性状、程度和范围的名词、动词、形容词、副词和数词。

据此，我们可以判断出这个句子中的实词是“am”，“certain”，“come”。

2.Which of the following is NOT a new word brought about by growth of science and technology?SSS_SINGLE_SELA Earthrise.B Chemistry.C Astrobiology.D Megavitamin.分值: 1答案:D[解析] 题目中的四个词都是新词，但是D项“megavitamin”不是在科技发展的直接影响下产生的新词。

3.There are ______ morphemes in the word denaturalization.SSS_SINGLE_SELA 2B 3C 4D 5分值: 1答案:D[解析] 题目中“denaturalization”一词是由“de-”，“nature”，“-al”，“-ize”和“-ation”这五个词素构成的。

4."Drunk" (noun) is a word formed by ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA prefixationB compoundingC conversionD blending分值: 1答案:C[解析] 题目中“drunk”一词是由形容词转化而成的转类名词，意思是“醉汉，醉酒者”。

因此，C为正确答案。

5.The word "N-bomb" is a(n) ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA initialismB acronymC derivativeD compound分值: 1答案:B[解析] 首字母拼音词中有一些词是由第一个词的第一个字母和第二个词的完整形式加在一起构成的。

故选B。

6.The prefix "fore-" in the word "forehead" is a ______ prefix.SSS_SINGLE_SELA negativeB reversafiveC pejorativeD locative分值: 1答案:D7.Words are arbitrary symbols with ______ relation to one another.SSS_SINGLE_SELA linguisticB semanticC grammaticalD pragmatic分值: 1答案:B8.In the sentence "Nails are thin growths at the end of the fingers. " the word "growths" is an example of transfer ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA from abstract meaning to concrete meaningB from concrete meaning to abstract meaningC of subjective senseD of objective sense分值: 1答案:A[解析] 名词“growth”的意思是“生长，成长”，但是在本题的句子中它的意思是“生长物”，所以，该词经历了从抽象意义到具体意义的语义转移。

9."Wide of the mark" is an idiom ______ in nature.SSS_SINGLE_SELA adjectivalB verbalC adverbialD nominal分值: 1答案:A[解析] 习语“wide of the mark”的意思是“离题”。

这是个具有形容词性质的习语。

例如：What the teacher talked about was wide of the mark.老师讲的话离题了。

10.The idiom "in the cradle" is (a) ______ as far as figures of speech are concerned.SSS_SINGLE_SELA synecdocheB metonymyC personificationD metaphor分值: 1答案:B[解析] 换喻(metonymy)指以一种事物的名称来指代另外一种与之相关的事物。

习语“in the cradle”的意思是“在幼年时期，在最初的时候”。

这里是用“cradle(摇篮)”来指代幼年时期或者某一事物发展的最初阶段。

11.Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes. E. g. , "dog" can form new words with other morphemes: "dogfight", "doghole" and "dogsleep". This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA productivityB polysemyC stabilityD collocability分值: 1答案:A[解析] 英语中的基本词汇可以单独使用，也可以和其他的词根或词缀一起构成新词，这一点体现出了基本词汇的五个特征中的能产性，即“productivity”。

12.In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient ______ and Roman classics. This was known in history as the Renaissance.SSS_SINGLE_SELA IndiaB GermanC GreekD Chinese分值: 1答案:C13.There is/are ______ mono-morphemic word(s) in the following words: bad, cow, geese, watches.SSS_SINGLE_SELA 1B 2C 3D 4分值: 1答案:B[解析] 题目中的四个词中“geese”是“goose”的复数形式，它是通过改变内部元音的方式来体现复数概念的词素变体的一种特殊形式，不属于单词素词，另外“watches”也是多词素词。

14.The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA marksB dragsC shopsD sheets分值: 1答案:B15.In English there are ______ types of motivation as far as the relationship between the sign and meaning is concerned.SSS_SINGLE_SELA 2B 6C 4D 5分值: 1答案:C[解析] 在处理语言符号和意思的关系方面，英语中有四种理据，它们是：拟声理据、形态理据、语义理据和词源理据。

16.What is applicable to ______ of some antonyms may not be applicable to their relative terms.SSS_SINGLE_SELA connotative termsB collocative termsC contradictory termsD negative terms分值: 1答案:C[解析] 有些关系反义词和矛盾反义词很相似，但它们实质不同。

矛盾反义词的最大特点就是，如果肯定一方就否定了另一方，而在关系义词中这种“非此即彼”的模式行不通。

例如：If an adult is not a husband, this person must be a wife. 一个成年人如果不是丈夫，那一定是妻子。

显然，这种逻辑是不合情理的。

The main functions of verbal context include ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA elimination of ambiguityB indication of referentsC provision of clues for inferring word-meaningD all the above分值: 1答案:D18.Which of the following about extra-linguistic context is true?SSS_SINGLE_SELA It can be subdivided into extra-linguistic context and non-linguistic context.B It only refers to the physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.C It embraces the people, time, size and place.D It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.分值: 1答案:D19.The change of idiom from "fortune"s wheel" to "the wheel of fortune" is ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA replacementB position-shiftingC additionD shortening分值: 1答案:B20.As most words are ______, the senses of words are arranged in different ways in dictionaries.SSS_SINGLE_SELA mono-morphemicB polysemanticC analyticD none of the above分值: 121.Which of the following dictionaries is a specialized dictionary?SSS_SINGLE_SELA The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology.B Webster"s Third New International Dictionary.C Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.D The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Ninth Edition.分值: 1答案:A[解析] 《韦氏新国际英语词典》( Webster"s Third New International Dictionary )是一部大型词典，即未节略词典( unabridged dictionary )；《朗文当代英文词典》( Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English )是一部案头词典，即中型词典；《简明牛津词典》第九版( The Concise Oxford Dictionary , Ninth Edition)也是一部中型词典。