summary_writing总结写法整理.ppt
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(Introduction, paragraph 1)
Herbert Kohl writes a story about an experience that he had with a student named Barry and the lesson he learned about not-learning and failing. The author starts out by talking about his frustrations with students who were intelligent but were not trying to learn. Kohl tried to figure out the reasons why these students were failures and lists all kinds of reasons.
whether it is complete or not. Use your checklist with the criteria to evaluate the
effectiveness of this summary.
课件
Summary of “I Won’t Learn from You”
must be precise and clear.
Remember that the more summaries you write:
the better you will get at using language effectively.
课件
15
Other benefits
Consider writing summaries for all your readings; it will help you “know what you know” and do better on mid-term and final exams.
the teachers were afraid of Barry because of his size and
behavior. The students though really liked Barry because he
was a good athlete and storyteller. It seemed that Barry was
4
课件
Organization of a summary
The 100-word summary consists of three parts:
introduction body conclusion
5
课件
Introduction
The introduction of a summary is usually one paragraph long.
14
课件
Benefits of summary writing
Remember that summary writing:
helps you understand and remember information. improves your writing skills.
Remember that a good summary:
Teachers use summary writing to test your understanding of reading material.
Summary writing helps you comprehend information as you attempt to pull out just the essential information from a reading.
Summary Writing
The 100-Word Summary
课件
What is a summary?
A summary is a short version of a reading; it is a condensed version of a piece.
课件
Why is summary writing useful?
课件
Conclusion
The conclusion of a summary is generally one paragraph long.
10
课件
What to include in the conclusion
Conclude by presenting the author’s final comments. Or,
课件
13
Is your summary good?
Have a friend who has not read the piece read your summary.
Someone who has not read the piece should be able to get a clear picture of the ideas and the tone of the actual writing from reading your summary.
课件 Help finding problems?
(Body, paragraph 2)
One year, he got a new student in his class that nobody
else wanted because he was difficult and uncooperative. All
Remember, you must include only the author’s opinions.
Think of yourself as a reporter, not an interpreter!
Personal reflections in conclusions are appropriate only in essays.
Include specific details as needed to get the author’s points across.
Paraphrase the information while
maintaining the author’s tone and
9
attitude as much as possible.
reading him the words first. The trick worked and Barry
learned how to read.
课件 Help finding problems?
(Conclusion, paragraph 3)
Kohl learned that choice and will play a very important role in learning, and that if Barry had chosen not to go along with his trick, he wouldn’t have learned how to read.
Conclude by bringing up the main point of the reading.
11
课件
What not to do in a conclusion
Do not conclude by giving your personal opinion of the reading.
课件
12
Checking your summary
Read it out loud closely. Do you have at least three paragraphs? Examine each part (introduction, body, and
conclusion) using the criteria for writing a good summary as a checklist. Spell check and proof read your summary. Make sure your information is accurate!
A summary should cover the ideas that were presented in the reading--not yours.
A summary, just like an essay, has an
introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
3
A summary is rarely longer课t件han a page.
Summaries versus essays
In an essay, you may develop and support your opinions and ideas.
In a summary, however, you may not include your opinions and ideas.
6
课件
What to include in the introduction
Title of the reading
If it is an article, essay, or short story place the title in quotes.
If it is a book, underline the title.
Name of the author
Purpose of reading or overall point the
writer is trying to get across
7
课件
Body of a summary
The body of a summary is generally one to three paragraphs long, dependent on the length of the reading.
smart, but he never did his homework. Kohl figured out that
Barry didn’t know how to read and decided to help him. He
planned out a performance and tricked Barry into reading by
Do not use personal opinions!
Include only the most importa百度文库t information.
Avoid detailed information of actions or events.
Write your summary in the present tense.
Summary writing will also help you remember what you read as you have to pull out main points.
16
课件
Sample Summary
Let’s examine the following summary. Without having read the story, try to figure out
8
课件
What to include in the body
Important points of reading, such as main ideas, facts, and examples.
Other secondary points that are relevant to key ideas.
2
课件
Key points to remember. . .
Write a summary in your words, not the author’s.
Avoid using quotes in a summary. Paraphrase key ideas. (If you use three or more words in the same order as the author, you must place them in quotes).
Herbert Kohl writes a story about an experience that he had with a student named Barry and the lesson he learned about not-learning and failing. The author starts out by talking about his frustrations with students who were intelligent but were not trying to learn. Kohl tried to figure out the reasons why these students were failures and lists all kinds of reasons.
whether it is complete or not. Use your checklist with the criteria to evaluate the
effectiveness of this summary.
课件
Summary of “I Won’t Learn from You”
must be precise and clear.
Remember that the more summaries you write:
the better you will get at using language effectively.
课件
15
Other benefits
Consider writing summaries for all your readings; it will help you “know what you know” and do better on mid-term and final exams.
the teachers were afraid of Barry because of his size and
behavior. The students though really liked Barry because he
was a good athlete and storyteller. It seemed that Barry was
4
课件
Organization of a summary
The 100-word summary consists of three parts:
introduction body conclusion
5
课件
Introduction
The introduction of a summary is usually one paragraph long.
14
课件
Benefits of summary writing
Remember that summary writing:
helps you understand and remember information. improves your writing skills.
Remember that a good summary:
Teachers use summary writing to test your understanding of reading material.
Summary writing helps you comprehend information as you attempt to pull out just the essential information from a reading.
Summary Writing
The 100-Word Summary
课件
What is a summary?
A summary is a short version of a reading; it is a condensed version of a piece.
课件
Why is summary writing useful?
课件
Conclusion
The conclusion of a summary is generally one paragraph long.
10
课件
What to include in the conclusion
Conclude by presenting the author’s final comments. Or,
课件
13
Is your summary good?
Have a friend who has not read the piece read your summary.
Someone who has not read the piece should be able to get a clear picture of the ideas and the tone of the actual writing from reading your summary.
课件 Help finding problems?
(Body, paragraph 2)
One year, he got a new student in his class that nobody
else wanted because he was difficult and uncooperative. All
Remember, you must include only the author’s opinions.
Think of yourself as a reporter, not an interpreter!
Personal reflections in conclusions are appropriate only in essays.
Include specific details as needed to get the author’s points across.
Paraphrase the information while
maintaining the author’s tone and
9
attitude as much as possible.
reading him the words first. The trick worked and Barry
learned how to read.
课件 Help finding problems?
(Conclusion, paragraph 3)
Kohl learned that choice and will play a very important role in learning, and that if Barry had chosen not to go along with his trick, he wouldn’t have learned how to read.
Conclude by bringing up the main point of the reading.
11
课件
What not to do in a conclusion
Do not conclude by giving your personal opinion of the reading.
课件
12
Checking your summary
Read it out loud closely. Do you have at least three paragraphs? Examine each part (introduction, body, and
conclusion) using the criteria for writing a good summary as a checklist. Spell check and proof read your summary. Make sure your information is accurate!
A summary should cover the ideas that were presented in the reading--not yours.
A summary, just like an essay, has an
introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
3
A summary is rarely longer课t件han a page.
Summaries versus essays
In an essay, you may develop and support your opinions and ideas.
In a summary, however, you may not include your opinions and ideas.
6
课件
What to include in the introduction
Title of the reading
If it is an article, essay, or short story place the title in quotes.
If it is a book, underline the title.
Name of the author
Purpose of reading or overall point the
writer is trying to get across
7
课件
Body of a summary
The body of a summary is generally one to three paragraphs long, dependent on the length of the reading.
smart, but he never did his homework. Kohl figured out that
Barry didn’t know how to read and decided to help him. He
planned out a performance and tricked Barry into reading by
Do not use personal opinions!
Include only the most importa百度文库t information.
Avoid detailed information of actions or events.
Write your summary in the present tense.
Summary writing will also help you remember what you read as you have to pull out main points.
16
课件
Sample Summary
Let’s examine the following summary. Without having read the story, try to figure out
8
课件
What to include in the body
Important points of reading, such as main ideas, facts, and examples.
Other secondary points that are relevant to key ideas.
2
课件
Key points to remember. . .
Write a summary in your words, not the author’s.
Avoid using quotes in a summary. Paraphrase key ideas. (If you use three or more words in the same order as the author, you must place them in quotes).