涿州市10-11第二学期期末八年级试题
保定市涿州市八年级下学期期末质量检测语文试题
保定市涿州市八年级下学期期末质量检测语文试题姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、书写 (共2题;共6分)1. (2分)“刬却君山好”中“刬”字的读音是________,“刬却”意思是________。
2. (4分) (2018七下·东莞开学考) 根据拼音写出相应的词语。
①山lǎng rùn________起来了,水涨起来了,太阳的脸红起来了。
②她qiáo cuì________的脸上现出央求般的神色。
③这些词使整个世界在我面前变得huā tuán jǐn cù________,美不胜收。
④在我眼里,他就像这块bù máo zhī dì________上涌出的神秘泉水。
二、默写 (共1题;共7分)3. (7分)按要求填空。
(1)云横秦岭家何在,________。
(韩愈《左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘》)(2)苟全性命于乱世,________。
(诸葛亮《出师表》)(3)谁道人生无再少?________。
(苏轼《浣溪沙》)(4) ________,一览众山小。
(杜甫《望岳》)(5) ________,夜泊秦淮近酒家。
(杜牧《泊秦淮》)(6) ________,甲光向日金鳞开。
(李贺《雁门太守行》)(7)曾子日:“________,任重而道远。
”(《论语》十则)三、综合性学习 (共2题;共22分)4. (15分) (2017九下·三台月考) 今年春节,手机“抢红包”成为最热门的一个话题,各种红包大战如火如荼,“摇一摇”“咻一咻”“集五福”,新鲜的方式给新春佳节增添了不一样的趣味,成为新时代里的“新年俗”。
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DoNews 2月8日消息长达11天预热期的支付宝集福活动今日凌晨结束。
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河北省保定市涿州市双语学校2022-2023学年八年级下学期期末语文试题
2022——2023学年度第二学期质量检测八年级语文试题温馨提示:1.本试卷共23小题,总分120分,考试时间120分钟。
2.答案须用黑色字迹的钢笔、碳素笔书写。
第一部分(1—8题26分)1.在下面横线上填写相应的句子(8分)(1)_________________,儿女共占巾。
(2)《马说》中千里马被埋没的根本原因是:______________________。
(3)杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》中描写到被子的两句是:________________,________________。
(4)《小石潭记》中描写潭周围树木的语句是__________,__________,___________。
(5),只有香如故。
2.下列各组词语中,加点字的读音和字形全都正确的一组是()A.苍劲(jìng)堕落(zhuì)腐蚀(shí)安营扎寨(zhài)B.翌日(yì)敦实(dūn)彷徨(páng)震耳欲聋(zhèng)C.棱角(léng)卑鄙(bǐ)蠕动(rú)格物致之D.缭绕(liáo)迂回(yú)缅怀(miǎn)接踵而至(zhǒng)3.将下列句子组成语意连贯的一段话,语序排列正确的一项是()①全民阅读率的上升,显然是一件好事。
②因此,全民阅读质量的真正提升之路还很漫长。
③但有必要思考的是:现在提升的到底是整体式阅读还是碎片式阅读,到底是深阅读还是浅阅读?④或者把问题进一步简化为:到底是高质量的阅读还是低质量的阅读?⑤在这方面,并没有准确的数字区分,但就我们眼中所见而言,高质量阅读,可能并不尽如人意。
A.②④①③⑤B.①③④⑤②C.②④⑤③①D.①④⑤③②4.下列句子中加线成语使用错误的一项是()A.在警方的严厉打击之下,许多不法行业销声匿迹....了。
B.不法分子利用微博、微信等平台实施诈骗,手段不断翻新,令人叹为观止....。
保定市涿州市八年级下学期物理期末考试试卷
保定市涿州市八年级下学期物理期末考试试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、单项选择题 (共12题;共24分)1. (2分) (2017八下·抚松期末) 下列四位物理学家中,其名字被用作力的单位的是()A . 牛顿B . 瓦特C . 帕斯卡D . 阿基米德2. (2分) (2017九上·广州月考) 分别用如图所示的甲、乙两个滑轮组,在 . 内将重为的物体匀速提升,每个滑轮的重均为.不计绳重及摩擦,此过程中()A . 甲的机械效率小于乙的机械效率B . 甲的拉力小于乙的拉力C . 甲做得功大于乙做的D . 做功的功率等于做功的功率3. (2分) (2018八下·龙岗期末) 如图水平雪地上,穿着雪橇的芳芳总质量为70kg,没有陷入雪地;而穿着运动鞋的小明总质量为50kg,却深陷雪地。
下列说法正确的是()A . 芳芳对雪地的压力比小明的小B . 芳芳对雪地的压力和小明的一样C . 芳芳对雪地的压强比小明的小D . 受力面积和压力都不等,无法比较谁对雪地的压强大4. (2分) (2019八下·揭阳期末) 如图所示,在光滑的水平台面上,一轻质弹簧左端固定,右端连接一金属小球,O点是弹簧保持原长时小球的位置,开始时通过小球压缩弹簧到A位置(已知AO=OB),释放小球,小球开始往复运动,研究小球的受力、运动及能量情况。
下列说法错误的是()A . 小球从A运动到O的过程中所受弹力方向向右、速度不断增大B . 小球在O运动速度最大,弹性势能最小C . 小球运动的最大速度在OB之间某个点C,小球的动能最大D . 小球在运动过程中运动状态始终发生改变5. (2分)(2018·桂平模拟) 底面积为100cm2的烧杯中装有适量水,当金属块浸没在水中静止时,如图甲所示,弹簧测力计的示数F1=3.4N,水对杯底的压强为p1;当金属块总体积的1/4露出水面静止时,如图乙所示,弹簧测力计的示数为F2 ,水对杯底的压强为p2;若p1、p2之差为50Pa,g取10N/kg,则下列选项不正确的是()A . 金属块的体积V金是2×10-4m3B . 弹簧测力计的示数F2是3.9NC . 金属块的密度是2.7×103kg/m3D . 金属块受到的重力是6.8N6. (2分) (2020八下·瑶海期末) 中国茶文化源远流长,“茶品”是我们最好的饮品,如图是小明给爸爸泡的一杯绿茶.观察水中起伏的茶叶,结合所学的物理知识,下列解释正确的是()A . 茶叶漂浮在水面时受到的浮力大于重力B . 茶叶在逐渐下沉时受到的浮力等于重力C . 茶叶逐渐下沉过程中受到水的压强变大D . 茶叶沉底后只受到重力和支持力的作用7. (2分)(2017·宝安模拟) 下列有关物理现象的表述错误的是()A . 切菜用的刀磨得很锋利一一为了增大压强B . 挂物品的吸盘一一与大气压有关C . 正常夹菜的筷子一一属于省力杠杆D . 厨房地面上铺的防滑垫一一为了增大摩擦8. (2分)在下列所述的四种情景中,人对物体做功的是()A . 大力士拉着汽车缓慢前进B . 妈妈抱着孩子站立不动C . 小孩拎着水桶沿水平方向匀速运动D . 工人用撬棒撬石头,但没撬动9. (2分) (2019九上·花都期中) 如图所示,杠杆的水平位置平衡,下列操作仍能让杠杆在水平位置保持平衡的是()A . 两侧钩码同时向外移一格B . 两侧钩码同时向内移一格C . 左侧的钩码向内移一格,右侧减去一个钩码D . 在两侧钩码下方,同时加挂一个相同的钩码10. (2分)(2017·桂林) 某升降式晾衣架的结构如图所示,该晾衣架没有应用到的简单机械是()A . 动滑轮B . 定滑轮C . 轮轴D . 斜面11. (2分)(2018·天津模拟) 对于如图所示各情景的分析,正确的是()A . 甲:口吹硬币跳栏杆,说明流速越大压强越大B . 乙:小孩喝饮料时,是人的吸力使饮料上升到嘴里C . 丙:锁由高处向低处摆动时,重力势能逐渐转化为动能D . 丁:撑杆跳运动员将竿压弯,说明力可以改变物体的运动状态12. (2分) (2020八下·西安期末) 如图所示,用一个动滑轮把一个重为100N的沙袋从地面提高到9m的脚手架上,所用的力F是60N,则该动滑轮()A . 可以改变力的方向B . 可以省功C . 做的有用功为540JD . 机械效率为83.3%二、填空题 (共8题;共18分)13. (2分) (2016八下·榆树期末) 建筑工人利用悬挂重物的细线来确定墙壁是否竖直.这是因为重力方向是________,当重锤静止时,它受到的重力和绳子的拉力是________力.14. (1分)在以“力”为主题的辩论赛中,正方和反方提出了许多观点,小明把他们的观点归纳整理如下表.你认为正确的观点有________ .(只填序号)观点正方反方1、两个物体相接触,就一定有力的作用2、两个物体相接触,但不一定有力的作用3、两个物体不接触,一定没有有力的作用4、两个物体不接触,也可能有力的作用5、力不能脱离物体而单独存在6、力可以脱离物体而单独存在7、力的产生总涉及两个物体8、一个物体也可以产生力的作用15. (1分) (2018九上·甘州月考) 如图所示,a、b为竖直向上抛出的小石块在上升过程中动能和重力势能随高度变化的两条图线(不计空气阻力),其中________是重力势能—高度关系图线。
保定市涿州市八年级下学期期末物理试卷
保定市涿州市八年级下学期期末物理试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共20题;共40分)1. (2分) (2018九下·盐城月考) 如图是某同学放在水平课桌上的一摞书,下列关于取书的说法中正确的是()A . 缓慢将甲书水平抽出需要的力大于缓慢将乙书水平取出需要的力B . 缓慢将甲书水平抽出需要的力等于缓慢将乙书水平取出需要的力C . 非常迅速地将甲书或乙书水平抽取出,它们上面的书都会倒D . 非常迅速地将甲书或乙书水平抽取出,它们上面的书都不会倒2. (2分)在每年一度的长春瓦萨国际冰雪节上,净月潭滑雪场都会举办滑雪活动.在滑雪运动中涉及的现象和对应的表述错误的是()A . 滑雪板做的宽大﹣减小压强B . 人从山顶滑下﹣重力对人做功C . 人到达山脚不能马上停下来﹣受到惯性作用D . 利用滑雪杖撑地前进﹣物体间力的作用是相互的3. (2分)(2016·益阳) 如图所示,把小车放在水平桌面上,向挂在小车两端的托盘里加相同砝码,下列说法正确的是()A . 小车对桌面的压力与桌面对小车的支持力是一对平衡力B . 小车受到的重力与桌面对小车的支持力是一对平衡力C . 小车受到的重力与小车对桌面的压力是一对平衡力D . 细绳拉小车的力与细绳拉托盘的力是一对平衡力4. (2分)从滑梯上匀速滑下,在这个过程中,下列说法正确的是()A . 受到的力都做了功B . 受到的重力没有做功C . 受到的支持力没有做功D . 对滑梯的压力做了功5. (2分)如图所示,重力为100N的物体A,在大小为20N、方向向左的水平拉力F的作用下做匀速直线运动,经过3s,物体A在水平面上向左移动了30cm的距离,滑轮与绳子质量不计,滑轮与绳子之间摩擦不计,则下列结论正确的是()A . 物体运动的速度为10m/sB . 物体与水平面之间的摩擦力为20NC . 拉力F的功率为2WD . 拉力F做的功是12J6. (2分)唐代诗人杜甫在《茅屋为秋风所破歌》这首诗中写道:“八月秋高风怒号,卷我屋上三重茅”说的是大风掀起了屋顶,这一现象可用下列哪一条解释()A . 振动产生声音B . 力的作用是相互的C . 屋顶上方空气流速快,压强小,屋内空气不流动,压强大,屋顶上下的压力差将屋顶掀掉D . 运动和静止是相对的7. (2分)汽车在高速公路上行驶,需遵守一定的交通规则,下列交通规则与惯性无关的是()A . 系好安全带B . 限速行驶C . 保持车距D . 在指定的车道通行8. (2分)一个鱼缸注满水,另一个注满水的相同鱼缸中浮有一只“小船”,以下说法正确的是()A . 漂浮在鱼缸中的“小船”受到的浮力大于重力B . 把两个鱼缸分别放在台秤上,台秤的示数相同C . 往鱼缸中加一些盐,“小船”受到的浮力增大D . 有“小船”的鱼缸底受到的水的压强较大9. (2分) (2018八下·龙岗期末) 甲、乙两个完全相同的杯子盛有不同密度的盐水,将同一个鸡蛋先后放入其中,当鸡蛋静止时,两个杯子中液面恰好相平,鸡蛋在两杯中所处的位置如图所示,则()A . 甲杯盐水的密度较大B . 鸡蛋在两杯中排开液体的质量相等C . 甲杯底部所受的液体压力较大D . 鸡蛋在乙杯中受到的浮力较大10. (2分)如图所示,粗细不同的试管A和B中装有质量相等的水(水均未溢出),则水对试管底部的压强pA和pB相比较A . pA小于pBB . pA大于pBC . pA等于pBD . 有可能pA可能小于pB ,也有可能pA可能大于pB11. (2分)(2020·宁夏) 用如图所示滑轮组,将一质量为50kg的物体,在10s内匀速向上提升2m,已知拉力300N。在此过程中,下列说法正确的是()A . 绳子自由端移动的距离为6mB . 拉力F的功率为60WC . 人所做的额外功为300JD . 该滑轮组的机械效率约为83.3%12. (2分) (2016九上·井陉开学考) 一艘船从东海驶入黄浦江时,船受的浮力将会()A . 浮力减少,船身下沉些B . 浮力增大,船身上浮些C . 浮力不变,船身下沉些D . 无法确定13. (2分)小明同学在倒置的漏斗里放一个乒乓球,用手指托住乒乓球。
河北省保定市涿州市2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末英语试卷(含解析)
河北省保定市涿州市2023-2024学年八年级下学期期末英语试卷(解析版)笔试部分单项选择从每小题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
17.(1分)Let's go out for a walk.It's useful way to relax.()A.a B.an C.the D./18.(1分)There are children drawing pictures.They're members of the art club.()A.a B.some C.any D.no19.(1分)We find_____more useful for students to do eye exercises.()A.this B.it C.that D.one20.(1分)I learned to skate quickly.At first,I fell down a few times,but now I fall down.()A.always B.often C.sometimes D.seldom21.(1分)﹣﹣The"Dragon"("蛟龙"号)has reached place below the sea in the world.﹣﹣Wow,it's unbelievable.()A.deep B.deeperC.the deepest D.the most deep22.(1分)﹣﹣What do you think of Paul?﹣﹣He is honest.All of us him.()A.trust B.improve C.protect D.hate23.(1分)My family will go on a trip to Nanjing if my father free next month.()A.is B.was C.will be D.has been24.(1分)﹣﹣﹣Someone to Talk to is exciting.﹣﹣﹣I agree with you.I it twice.()A.read B.have readC.had read D.was reading25.(1分)As is known to all,the 2022 Winter Olympics in China.()A.has held B.is holdingC.will be held D.was held26.(1分)﹣﹣Hi,Li Ming.Could you tell me on Dragon Boat Festival?﹣﹣I ate zongzi and watched the boat races on TV.()A.what did you do B.what you doC.what you did D.what do you do完形填空阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各小题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
河北省保定市涿州市2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题
河北省保定市涿州市2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单项选择1.I can’t find my bag. Can you help ________ find it?A.I B.she C.me D.her 2.—Walt, we have few vegetables for dinner. Could you go and buy ________?—Yes, sure.A.any B.some C.it D.few3.A teacher has a great ________ on his students.A.influence B.entrance C.experience D.direction 4.—I hear Michael never tells a lie.—That’s right. He is a (an) ________ boy.A.active B.excellent C.honest D.outgoing 5.He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink cola to keep fit.A.much B.more C.fewer D.less 6.—What are you going to do this weekend?—We’ll go to have a picnic if it ________.A.rains B.is raining C.doesn’t rain D.won’t rain 7.Happiness has nothing to do with money but ________ your opinions.A.writes about B.depends on C.joins in D.takes up 8.Tom looks so sad, because he ________ his ticket.A.loses B.will lost C.is losing D.has lost9.A year has four seasons and it ________ into twelve months.A.divided B.is dividing C.is divided D.was divided 10.—Albert Einstein is a great scientist. Do you know ________?—In 1879.A.where he was from B.how old he was C.how he learned foreign languagesD.when he was born二、完形填空Have we ever thought what we read for, information or skills? How do we feel when weenough? I think reading is more than pronouncing or thinking about words.Recently, The Reader, a very ____13____ TV program, is staged(上演)in the form of reading and many people like it. Dong Qing works as both a hostess ____14____ a producer. The Reader hopes to tell us what the world is ____15____ reading letters and others. The show has invited some influential(有影响力的)guests who have rich ____16____ and touching stories, like Ni Ping, Wang Yuan from TF boys and Yao Chen.“Reading ____17____ people’s hearts” is the slogan of The Reader. What it wants to present isn’t reading skills but real ____18____. They are what touches the audience(观众)most. “The Reader has become a turning point in my career in hosting and the program has____19____ me quite a huge challenge.” said Dong.The Reader is important to the audience and Chinese culture. It also tells us ____20____ we keep our mind on what we are reading, we’ll know what reading really is and we’ll become better readers.11.A.excited B.afraid C.unhappy D.scared 12.A.worry about B.think about C.talk about D.care about 13.A.popular B.simple C.similar D.strange 14.A.or B.but C.so D.and 15.A.about B.of C.by D.for 16.A.positions B.instructions C.directions D.experiences 17.A.smells B.touches C.tastes D.sounds 18.A.feelings B.spirit C.mascot D.slogan 19.A.taken B.brought C.got D.made 20.A.before B.because C.if D.until三、阅读单选There were two men who lived next to each other. One of them was a retired teacher and the other was a lawyer. Both of them had planted many different plants in their gardens. The retired teacher rarely watered his plants and didn’t care much for them. But his neighbor wasvery careful with his plants and watered them often.The retired teacher’s plants were small, but still looked okay, while the lawyer’s plants were much bigger and greener. One night, there was a heavy rain and strong wind, then came a terrible storm. The next morning, both of the neighbors came out to check on their gardens. The lawyer saw that his plants had been ripped from(拽出)the ground and were totally destroyed(摧毁). But the retired teacher’s plants were not damaged at all but stood firm.The lawyer was surprised. He went to ask the retired teacher. “We both grew the same plants and I cared for my plants better than you did. How could your plants still be okay?” The retired teacher smiled and said, “Because you gave your plants too much care. You made it too easy for them to grow. I gave my plants just a little bit of water,so their roots had to grow deeper to absorb(吸收)more water. That is why my plants survived.”21.What is the relationship between the two men? ________A.Teacher and student.B.Neighbours.C.Doctor and patient.D.Classmates.22.The underlined word “totally” in Paragraph2 probably means ________. A.completely B.easily C.hardly D.comfortably 23.How did the lawyer feel when he saw the retired teacher’s garden after the storm?________A.Happy.B.Sad.C.Excited.D.Surprised. 24.What can we learn from the story? ________A.Too much care can make us become weak.B.Growing a garden is not as easy as it looks.C.A storm can destroy all the plants in your garden.D.Plants know how to protect themselves from storms.The National Maritime Museum is one of the largest museums in the world. It has over two million items in its collections.Opening timeWinter hours: 10:00—17:00Summer hours: 10:00—18:00Nobody can enter the National Maritime Museum thirty minutes before closing. Smoking is not allowed in the museum. Eating and drinking are only allowed in the special areas. Don’t25.From the passage, we can learn that ________.A.the museum runs a school and has students of its own B.students can get different kinds of education hereC.part of school education has to be done in the museum D.schools programs are only run at weekends and on holidays26.This passage is mainly about ________.A.the way to get to the museum B.the reason for building the museum C.the introduction of the museum D.the collections of the museumOne day, a man saw an old lady sitting inside her car at the side of the road. Though it was dark, he could see she needed help. So he stopped his car and walked towards her. The old lady was worried, even though she noticed the smile on his face. Was he going to hurt her? “I’ll help you start your car, madam. By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson,” he said.While Anderson was fitting a spare tire (备胎) to her car, the lady began to talk to him. She thanked him much for coming to help.Anderson just smiled as he put his tools away. The lady asked how much she should pay him. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give them the help they needed. He waited until she started her car and drove off.A few miles down the road, the lady saw a small restaurant. She went in and a waitress came over with a sweet smile. The old lady noticed the waitress was nearly eight months pregnant (怀孕的), but she never let pains and aches change her smile when she served her.The lady finished her meal and paid with a hundred-dollar bill. The waitress quicklywent to get change, but the old lady was gone when the waitress came back. The waitress wondered where the lady could be. Then she found there was a note on the napkin (餐巾), “You don’t need to give me anything back. Somebody once helped me out the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, here is what you do—do not let this chain (链子) of love end with you.” Under the napkin were four more 100 bills.27.Why did Anderson tell his name to the old lady?A.Because he wanted to check if the lady knew him.B.Because he hoped that may help relax the lady.C.Because he thought he could be paid back one day.D.Because he wanted to leave his name for doing good things.28.What does the underlined word “they” refer to?A.The old lady and Anderson.B.The people who need help.C.The old lady and the waitress.D.The people who help others. 29.What can be inferred (推断) from the passage?A.The meal cost the old lady 400 dollars.B.Anderson must be helped by someone before.C.The old lady was able to fit a spare tire herself.D.The waitress will probably help someone later.30.What’s the best title for the passage?A.The Help of Strangers B.The Power of Smile C.The Chain of Love D.The Bill of KindnessSince the earliest times, trees have always been very useful and important to man. Even today trees continue to serve us in so many ways. Trees give us fruits and building materials in the form of wood. Without trees it would be impossible to build houses, boats and even bridges. Furniture such as tables, chairs and beds is made of wood.It is very hot in the tropics(热带地区)all through the year. Trees protect man from the terrible heat. They can also prevent good and rich top soil from being washed away during heavy rains. If there were no trees, the land would become a desert.There are so many desert areas in the world. People in the past had little knowledge about science of nature, they cut down the trees and never planted new ones. After some years, the rich surface soil was blown away by strong winds and washed away by heavy rains. In theend, the land was turned into useless deserts where nothing could grow.31.Trees were ________ to man in the earliest times.A.useful B.useless C.terrible D.not important 32.________ are made of wood.A.Tall buildings B.Old cars C.Chairs and beds D.New fruits 33.Trees protect us from ________ in the tropics.A.heavy rains B.cold weather C.being washed away D.the terrible heat 34.Because trees were cut down, ________.A.the land was turned into deserts B.the soil became richer and richer C.news trees were planted on the land D.people built a lot of houses in the areas 35.According to the passage, ________.A.trees are not as useful now as they used to be B.people have always found trees very useful to themC.trees were more useful in the past than they are now D.people in the past didn’t know how to make use of trees四、语法填空Imagine a trip to the deep ocean. What would you expect to see? Would it be possible that you find strange new animals and plants?As we know, sunlight warms the surface part of the ocean. Plants and animals which____36____ sunlight and warm water live there. But deep in the ocean, other animals live in water that is cold and dark.The deep ocean is freezing cold. The water pressure of very deep water can harm you. So what animals live in the ocean? Where do they live? How many are there? Scientists have ____37____ (study) and counted animals for ten years to find out. The report is____38____(surprise).The first surprise is where things live: everywhere! They live in the ____39____ (hot) and coldest places. Some live in deep places without light or air.The second surprise is that there are over 230,000 ____40____ (kind) of animals and plants under the sea. Over six thousand have never been seen before!So what else is living in the deep ocean? Will there be more surprises to come?五、将所给单词连成句子41.grow,are,difficult,roses,to________________________________?42.is,what,the apples,the,of,weight________________________________?43.is,what,heavy,a rain,it________________________________!44.seven o’clock,please,me,up,at,ring________________________________.45.she,three years ago,I,went abroad,know________________________________.六、材料作文46.请根据下列提示,以“How to be a good child”为题,谈谈你在学校、在家应该怎么做。
2021-2022学年河北省保定市涿州市八年级下学期期末语文试题
2021-2022学年河北省保定市涿州市八年级下学期期末语文试题1. 请在下列横线上填写出相应的句子。
(1)曲径通曲处,______。
(常建《题破山寺后禅院》)(2)______,左右流之。
(《关雎》)(3)______ ,屋舍俨然,有良田美池桑竹之属。
(陶渊明《桃花源记》)(4)《小石潭记》中高度概括作者忧伤寂寞的语句是“______,______”。
(5)从外貌描写中即可见出卖炭翁职业特点的句子是“______,______”。
(白居易《卖炭翁》)2. 阅读下面的语段,完成问题。
我国的传统节日基本是以农历时间为准,但清明节却属阳历,其日期基本落在阳历的4月4日(或5目、6日)。
这主要是因为清明“身担二职”,它既是我国的一个传统节日,也是二十四节气之一。
作为节气的清明,春意盎然,天气清朗,四野明净,cǎo zhǎng yīng fēi(),处处弥漫着生命的气息,用“清明”称这个时期,再合适不过了。
清明一到,气温升高,雨量增多,正是春耕春种的大好时节。
民谚说:“种树造林,莫过清明。
”这个节气与农业生产有密切关系。
作为节日的清明,可以追溯.到春秋时期。
传说,晋公子重耳为逃避迫害而流亡国外。
流亡途中,重耳没有了力气,随臣介子推走到僻静处,从自己腿上割下一块肉,用火烤熟了给重耳吃。
后来,重耳做了国君(史称晋文公),重赏了和他同甘共苦的功臣,唯独忘了介子推。
后来晋文公忆起往事并亲自去请。
可是介子推因不愿见他,背着老母躲进了绵山。
晋文公听说后。
就想把介子推从山上拉下来。
可山上树木太多,不好走,鲁文公就想用烟把他熏下来。
结果介于推母子俩一起抱树而死,还留下了一封血书:“割肉奉君尽丹心,但愿主公长.清明。
”第二年,晋文公领着群臣,素服徒步登山祭奠,表示哀悼。
他在坟前jìng mù()而立,只见那棵老柳树死而复活,绿枝千条,随风飘舞。
晋文公把复活的老柳树那赐名为“清明柳”又把这天定为清明节。
保定市涿州市八年级下学期期末化学试卷
保定市涿州市八年级下学期期末化学试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共12题;共24分)1. (2分) (2019九上·射阳期中) 建立分类的观点是学习化学的重要方法。
下列选项符合图示从属关系的是()A B C DX化合反应金属物理变化化合物Y分解反应单质化学变化混合物A . AB . BC . CD . D2. (2分)(2016·广东) 下列图示实验操作正确的是()A . 测待测溶液pHB . 蒸发C . 过滤D . 氧气验满3. (2分)(2017·姜堰模拟) 下列事实的解释合理的是()事实解释A淀粉没有甜味淀粉不属于糖类B打开汽水瓶盖时,汽水会自动喷出来压强减小,气体在水中的溶解度变小C洗洁精可以去除油污洗洁精溶解了油污D过滤时使用玻璃棒玻璃棒起搅拌作用A . AB . BC . CD . D4. (2分)(2016·达州) 甲烷和水反应制水煤气(混合气体),其反应的微观示意图如图所示:根据以上微观示意图得出的结论中,正确的是()A . 该反应属于置换反应B . 该反应中的四种物质都由分子构成C . 该反应中含两种有机物D . 该反应中一氧化碳和氢气的质量比为14:75. (2分)(2017·北区模拟) 下列做法正确的是()A . 用燃烧的方法区分纯羊毛毛线和腈纶毛线B . 将自来水通过活性炭,得到无色透明的纯净水C . 稀释浓硫酸时,将水缓慢倒入浓硫酸中,并不断搅拌D . 不慎将烧碱溶液沾到皮肤上,应立即用大量的水冲洗,并涂上稀盐酸6. (2分)(2011·泰州) 下列鉴别物质的方法中,错误的是()A . 用燃着的木条鉴别氧气和二氧化碳B . 用酚酞试液鉴别稀盐酸和稀硫酸C . 用水鉴别碳酸钙粉末和碳酸钠粉末D . 用灼烧的方法鉴别棉布和丝绸7. (2分)(2017·广安) 下列说法正确的是()A . 工业上用分离液态空气的方法制取氧气是化学反应B . 为防止海鲜变质,用甲醛溶液浸泡C . 除去CO2气体中的少量CO杂质气体,可将混合气体通入过量的NaOH溶液中D . 我国制碱工业的先驱﹣侯德榜,发明了联合制碱法,为纯碱和氮肥工业技术的发展做出了杰出的贡献8. (2分) (2017九上·潍坊期末) 为解决日益加剧的温室效应等问题,科学家正在研究建立如图所示的二氧化碳新循环体系:上述关系图能反映的化学观点或化学思想有()①化学变化中元素种类是守恒的;②燃烧时化学能可以转化为热能和光能;③化学能可以转化为机械能;④光能或电能可以转化为化学能;⑤二氧化碳也是一种重要的资源;⑥无机物和有机物可以相互转化.A . ①②③B . ①②④⑤C . ①④⑤⑥D . ①②③④⑤9. (2分)下列对化学知识的运用不合理的是()A . 可用碘水来检验食物中是否有淀粉B . 可用过滤的方法除去粗盐中的泥沙C . 可用湿润的石蕊试纸条来检验氨气D . 口服BaCO3代替BaSO4作钡餐治疗胃病10. (2分)下列说法不正确的是()A . 羊毛灼烧产生烧焦羽毛的气味B . 铝表面易形成致密的氧化膜,可阻止铝进一步被氧化C . 淀粉遇碘水变成红色D . 废旧电池中的回收,可减少对环境的污染11. (2分)下列实验方案的设计中可行的是()A . CO中混有少量的CO2气体,可通过灼热的CuO除去CO2B . 为检验CaO中是否含有Ca(OH)2 ,可将其加水后滴加酚酞试液C . 除去Fe粉中混有的少量Mg粉,可以加入稀硫酸后过滤D . 鉴别羊毛和涤纶可以采用点燃的方法12. (2分)归纳总结是学习化学很重要的一种方法,下列摘录的是某同学笔记,其中正确的是()A . 物质俗名:CaO﹣生石灰NaHCO3﹣苏打NaOH﹣纯碱B . 物质颜色:Fe(OH)3﹣红褐色Fe3O4﹣红棕色Cu(OH)2﹣蓝色C . 材料分类:酚醛塑料、涤纶、棉﹣合成材料不锈钢、金刚石﹣金属材料D . 物质分类:石墨、C60﹣单质甲烷、酒精﹣有机物 NaCl、KMnO4﹣盐二、填空题 (共6题;共31分)13. (9分) (2019九上·昆明期中) 水是生命之源,也是人类最宝贵的资源。
河北省涿州市八年级下册英语期末测试卷
河北省涿州市八年级下册英语期末测试卷1、Your father is very busy, so he ______ play football with you this afternoon.()[单选题] *A. doesn’tB. don’tC. isn’tD. won’t(正确答案)2、I can’t hear you _______. Please speak a little louder. [单选题] *A. clearly(正确答案)B. lovelyC. widelyD. carelessly3、We need some green paint badly, but there' s _____ at hand. [单选题] *A. notB. nothingC. little(正确答案)D. none4、Have you kept in()with any of your friends from college? [单选题] *A. contractB. contact(正确答案)C. continentD. touching5、The little boy saved his money ______ he could buy his mother a gift on Mother’s Day.()[单选题] *A. butB. such thatC. in order toD. so that(正确答案)6、33.Will Mary's mother ______ this afternoon? [单选题] *A.goes to see a filmB.go to the filmC.see a film(正确答案)D.goes to the film7、—Excuse me, how long does it ______ to walk to the library? —About 15 minutes, I’m afraid.()[单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. spendC. costD. pay8、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly9、Kate has a cat _______ Mimi. [单选题] *A. called(正确答案)B. callC. to callD. calling10、My camera is lost. I am ______ it everywhere.()[单选题] *A. looking atB. looking for(正确答案)C. looking overD. looking after11、I will _______ at the school gate. [单选题] *A. pick you up(正确答案)B. pick up youC. pick you outD. pick out you12、People cut down many trees ______ elephants are losing their homes. ()[单选题] *A. ifB. butC. so(正确答案)D. or13、I've never been to Africa, but that is the place(). [单选题] *A. where I most want to visitB. in which I most want to visitC. I most want to visit(正确答案)D. that I want to visit it most14、The book is _______. You’d better buy it. [单选题] *A. useful(正确答案)B. uselessC. useD. careful15、()it is to have a cold drink on a hot day! [单选题] *A. What a great funB. How great funC. What great fun(正确答案)D. How a great fun16、The three guests come from different _______. [单选题] *A. countryB. countrysC. countryesD. countries(正确答案)17、_____ of the land in this area _____ covered with forest. [单选题] *A. Two-fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is(正确答案)D. Two fifths; are18、--Could you please tell me _______ to get to the nearest supermarket?--Sorry, I am a stranger here. [单选题] *A. whatB. how(正确答案)C. whenD. why19、Becky is having a great time ______ her aunt in Shanghai. ()[单选题] *A. to visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting(正确答案)20、--Why are you late for school today?--I’m sorry. I didn’t catch the early bus and I had to _______ the next one. [单选题] *A. wait for(正确答案)B. ask forC. care forD. stand for21、Finally,I have _____ interesting to share with you,and I am sure you will be interested in it. [单选题] *A. everythingB. something(正确答案)C. nothingD. anything22、I hope to see you again _______. [单选题] *A. long long agoB. long beforeC. before long(正确答案)D. long23、77.You can watch TV when you finish________ your homework. [单选题] *A.to doB.doC.to doingD.doing(正确答案)24、Mrs. Black is on her way to England. She will _______ in London on Sunday afternoon. [单选题] *A. reachB. attendC. arrive(正确答案)D. get25、At last the plane landed at the Beijing Airport safely. [单选题] *A. 平稳地B. 安全地(正确答案)C. 紧急地D. 缓缓地26、—Can you play the violin at the art festival?—No, I ______. But I am good at playing the drums.()[单选题] *A. canB. can’t(正确答案)C. doD. don’t27、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy28、The soldiers would rather die than give in. [单选题] *A. 呈交B. 放弃C. 泄露D. 投降(正确答案)29、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody30、10.Mum, let me help you with your housework, so you ________ do it yourself. [单选题] * A.don’t need to(正确答案)B.need toC.don’t need D.need。
涿州初二期末试卷数学
一、选择题(每题4分,共40分)1. 下列数中,是有理数的是()A. √2B. πC. 1/3D. √-12. 已知x²=9,则x的值为()A. ±3B. ±2C. ±1D. ±63. 如果a、b、c成等差数列,且a+b+c=0,那么b的值为()A. 0B. 1C. -1D. -24. 已知函数f(x)=2x+1,那么f(-1)的值为()A. 1B. 3C. -1D. -35. 如果一个等腰三角形的底边长为6cm,腰长为8cm,那么这个三角形的周长为()A. 20cmB. 22cmC. 24cmD. 26cm6. 下列命题中,正确的是()A. 如果a>b,那么a²>b²B. 如果a>b,那么a²>b²C. 如果a>b,那么a²>b²D. 如果a>b,那么a²>b²7. 已知一个数列的前三项分别为1,-1,2,那么这个数列的第四项为()A. 3B. -3C. 1D. -18. 如果一个二次函数的图像开口向上,且顶点坐标为(-2, 3),那么这个函数的解析式为()A. y=(x+2)²+3B. y=(x-2)²+3C. y=(x+2)²-3D. y=(x-2)²-39. 下列数中,不是正整数的是()A. 5B. 4.5C. 3D. 210. 如果一个平行四边形的对角线互相垂直,那么这个平行四边形是()A. 矩形B. 菱形C. 等腰梯形D. 梯形二、填空题(每题5分,共50分)1. 已知a、b、c成等差数列,且a+b+c=12,那么a²+b²+c²的值为______。
2. 如果一个一元二次方程的判别式为0,那么这个方程有两个______。
3. 已知函数f(x)=x²-4x+3,那么f(2)的值为______。
初中物理练习题 2021-2022学年河北省保定市涿州市八年级(下)期末物理试卷
2021-2022学年河北省保定市涿州市八年级(下)期末物理试卷一、选择题(共10小题)1.某班同学在“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中,记录并绘制了像到凸透镜的距离v跟物体到凸透镜的距离u之间关系的图象,如图所示,下列判断正确的是()A.该凸透镜的焦距是16cmB.当u=12cm时,在光屏上能得到一个缩小的像C.当u=20cm时成放大的像,投影仪就是根据这一原理制成的D.把物体从距凸透镜12cm处移动到24cm处的过程中,像逐渐变小2.如图所示,小聪同学在“探究凸透镜成像规律”实验时,烛焰在光屏上成了一个清晰的像,下列说法正确的是()A.利用这一成像规律可制成幻灯机B.要使光屏上烛焰的像变小,只须将蜡烛靠近凸透镜C.实验中,蜡烛越烧越短,光屏上烛焰的像向上移动D.为了便于从不同方向观察光屏上的像,光屏应选用较光滑的玻璃板3.在“探究凸透镜成像的规律”的实验中,物体距离凸透镜30cm时,在凸透镜另一侧的光屏上可得到一个倒立的、放大的实像。
该凸透镜的焦距可能为()A.5cm B.10cm C.15cm D.18cm4.红外半球摄像头通过捕捉红外线增强夜晚监控效果。
下列关于该摄像头的说法正确的是()A.摄像头相当于一个凹透镜B.摄像头捕捉到的红外线是红色的光C.被监控的物体在摄像头二倍焦距以外D.摄像头的成像特点与投影仪相同5.在“探究凸透镜成像规律”的实验中,当点燃的蜡烛、凸透镜及光屏处于图所示位置时,在光屏上得到烛焰清晰的像。
下列说法中正确的是()A.光屏上成倒立、缩小的实像B.图中成像特点与照相机的成像特点相同C.透镜不动,蜡烛向左移动,光屏向右移动,可再次得到清晰的像D.透镜不动,将蜡烛与光屏互换位置,光屏上仍能得到清晰的像6.近期流行一种“自拍神器”给旅行者自拍带来了方便。
如图所示,与直接拿手机自拍相比,利用自拍杆可以()A.增大像距B.增大取景范围C.增大人像的大小D.缩短景物到镜头距离7.将一个凸透镜正对着太阳光,在凸透镜另一侧15cm处的纸上出现一个最小、最亮的光斑,将一个物体放在该凸透镜主光轴上距光心20cm处,则在凸透镜的另一侧光屏上会出现一个()A.正立、放大的虚像B.正立、缩小的虚像C.倒立、放大的实像D.倒立、缩小的实像8.在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中,将点燃的蜡烛放在凸透镜前某一位置,在凸透镜后20cm的光屏上出现一个等大倒立的像,如果将蜡烛移动到凸透镜前25cm处,则()A.光屏上会出现倒立放大的实像B.将光屏靠近凸透镜一段距离,光屏上会出现倒立缩小的实像C.将光屏远离凸透镜一段距离,光屏上会出现倒立放大的实像D.无论怎样移动光屏,光屏上均找不到像9.在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中,当把物体放在距离凸透镜40cm处时,在另一侧距离凸透镜40cm处得到一个倒立、等大的实像。
河北省保定市涿州市2021-2022学年八年级下学期期末数学试题
2021-2022学年第二学期期末八年级数学质量监测一、选一选.,比比谁细心(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,把这个正确的选项的序号涂在答题卡的相应位置上)。
1下面是二次根式的是()A.13B.-3 2.如图,四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,点B 在线段BC 的延长的,若∠DCE=130°,则∠A=()A.40°B.50°C.130°D.都不对3.如图,已知矩形ADCD 中,添加下列条件能使矩形ABCD 成为正方形的是()A.AC=BDB.AB ⊥BCC.AD=BCD.AC ⊥BD 4.正比例函数2y x =的大致图象是A. B.C. D.5.在方差的计算公式222212101(20)(20)...(20)10S x x x ⎡⎤=-+-++-⎣⎦中,数字10和20表示的意义分别是() A.数据得个数和平均数 B.数据的方差和平均数 C.数个数和方差 D.以上都不对 6.同一平面直角坐标系中,一次函数1y k x b =+的图象与2y k x =的图象如图所示,则关于x 的方程12k x b k x +=的解为()A.0x =B.1x =-C.2x =-D.以上都不对7.如图,以正方形ABCD 的中心(对角线的交点)为原点建立平面直角坐标系,点A 的坐标为(2,2),则点D 的坐标为()A.(2,2)B.(2,-2)C.(-2,-2)D.(-2,2)8.某1日-10日,甲、乙两人的手机“微信运动”步数统计图如图所示,则下列错误的结论是()A.1日-10日,甲的步数逐天增加,B.1日-5日,乙的步数逐天减少C.第9日,甲、乙两人的步数正好相等D.第11日,甲的步数一定比己的步数多 612345678910百29.下面的计算和推导过程中,=(第一步)=(第二步).∵-==(第三步)∴-=(第四步) 其中首先错误的一步是()A.第一步B.第二步C.第三步D.第四步10.如图,矩形ABCD 中,∠BOC=120°,BD=12,点P 是AD 边上一动点,则OP 的最小值为()A.3B.4C.5D.611.小明在00米中长跑训练时,已跑路程(米)与所用时间t(秒)之间的函数图象如图所示,下列说法错误的是()A.小明的成绩是220秒B.小明最后冲剌阶段的速度是5米/秒C.小明第一阶段与最后冲刺阶段速度相等D.小明的平均速度是4米/秒12.在矩形ABCD中,AC、BD相交于点O,若ΔAOB的面积为2.则矩形ABCD的面积为()A.4B.6C.8D.1013.如图,在四边形ABCD中,对角线AC、BD相交于点O,OA=OC,请你添加一个条件,使四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,你添加的条件是()A.AC=BDB.OA=OBC.OA=ADD.OB=0D14.家乐福超市决定招聘广告策划人员一名,某应聘者三项素质测试的成绩如表:将创新能力、综合知识和语言表达三项测试成绩技5:3:2的比树计入总成绩,测该应聘者的总成绩是()分。
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2010~2011学年度第二学期期末考试八年级数学试题亲爱的同学,你好!本学期即将结束,今天是展示你才华的时候了,只要你仔细审题、认真答题,把平常的水平发挥出来,你就会有出色的表现!可要注意喽,本试卷分卷Ⅰ和卷Ⅱ两部分,收卷时只收卷Ⅱ,卷Ⅰ由学生自己保留.不使用计算器.卷Ⅰ(共40分)一、选一选,比比谁细心(本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,把这个正确的选项的序号涂在答题卡上). 1.如果分式xx 2-的值为零,则x 的值是A .0B .2C .—2D . ±2 2.如图,有一个三角形的三边长分别为6、8、10,则这个三角形的面积是A .14B .20C .24D . 483.如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,E 是AB 延长线上的一点,若∠D=120°,则∠1的度数为A .120°B .60°C .45°D .30°4.某闭合电路中,电源的电压为定值,电流I (A )与电阻R ()成反比例.如图表示的是该电路中电流I 与电阻R 之间关系的图象,则用电阻R 表示电流I 的函数解析式为A .RI 2=B .RI 3=C .RI 6=D .RI 6-=5.为了判定八年级(1)、(2)两班学生口语测试成绩哪个班比较整齐,通常需要知道两组成绩的A. 平均数B. 方差C. 众数D. 中位数ABECD1 (第3题图)(第4题图)(第2题图)6.下列运算正确的是 A.y y x yx y=---- B.22414mm =-C.02010=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-D.yx yx x y +-=--1227.对于反比例函数2y x=,下列说法正确的是A .点(21)--,不在它的图象上B .它的图象在第二、四象限C .在每一个象限内,y 随x 的增大而增大D .在每一个象限内,y 随x 的增大而减小8.如图,网格中的每个小正方形的边长均为1,△ABC 的三边a 、b 、c 的大小关系是 A .a <c <b B .a <b <cC .c <a <bD .c <b <a9.下面命题都是正确的,它们的逆命题也正确的个数是 ①.平行四边形的两组对角相等 ②.矩形的四个角都相等③.等腰梯形同一底上的两个角相等④.菱形的四条边都相等A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个 10.如图,点A 在反比例函数y =k x的图象上,AB 垂直于x 轴,垂足是点B,若S △AOB =4,•那么这个反比例函数的解析式为 A. y =8xB. y =-8xC. y =±8xD.以上都不对11.如图,菱形ABCD 中,BD 是对角线,∠ABD=20°,则∠C 的度数是 A .20°B .40°C .120°D .140°12.如图,已知P 是正方形ABCD 对角线BD 上一点,且BP=BC ,则∠ACP 度数是 A .45°B .22.5°C .67.5°D .75°(第10题图)(第11题图)(第12题图)BCDAP(第8题图)13.甲班与乙班同学到离校15千米的公园春游,两班同时出发,甲班的速度是乙班同学速度的1.2倍,结果比乙班同学早到半小时,求两个班同学的速度各是多少?若设乙班同学的速度是x 千米/时,则根据题意列方程,得 A.21152.115-=x x B. 21152.115+=x xC.30152.115-=x xD. 30152.115+=xx14. 化分式方程2213405511x x x--=---为整式方程时,方程两边同乘的最简公分母是A .22(55)(1)(1)x x x ---B . 25(1)(1)x x --C .25(1)(1)x x --D .5(1)(1)x x +-15. 学校组织领导、教师、学生、家长等代表对教师的教学质量进行综合评分,满分为100分.张老师的得分情况如下:领导代表给分80分,教师代表给分76分,学生代表给分90分,家长代表给分84分.如果按照1︰2︰4︰1的权重进行计算,张老师的综合评分为A . 84.5分B . 83.5分C . 85.5分D . 86.5分二、填一填,看看谁仔细(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分,把最简答案填在卷Ⅱ的相应位置). 16.人体中成熟的红细胞的平均直径为0.00077厘米,用科学记数法表示为 厘米. 17.数据92、96、98、100、120、x 的众数是96,则这组数据的中位数是________. 18. 某校教师为贫困地区学生捐款,已知第一天捐款4800元,第二天捐款6000元,第二天捐款人数比第一天捐款人数多50人,且两天人均捐款数相等,那么两天共参加捐款的人数是多少?如果设第一天捐款x 人,可列方程为 . 19.一组数据3、—1、0、2、x 的极差是5,则x = .20.如图所示,两个全等菱形的边长均为1厘米,一只蚂蚁由A 点开始按A B C D E F C G A的顺序沿菱形的边循环运动,行走2011厘米后停下,则这只蚂蚁停在 点.CAFDEBG(第20题图)2010~2011学年度第二学期期末考试八年级数学试题卷II (共60分)二、填一填,看看谁仔细(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分,把卷Ⅰ填空题的最简答案填在下面的横线上).16. . 17. . 18. . 19. . 20. . 三、解答题:(本大题共6小题,共60分,解答应写出文字说明,说理过程或演算步骤) 21.(每小题5分,共10分)(1)先化简:,然后再给x 选取一个合理的数代入求值.(2)解分式方程:5140x x+-=22.(本题满分8分) 如图,小明准备建一个鲜花大棚,棚宽BE=4米,高AE=3米,长AD=10米,棚的斜面用矩形玻璃ABCD 遮盖,不计墙的厚度,请计算阳光透过的最大面积.224632---+x x x (第22题图)23.(本题满分10分)如图,在ABCD中,E,F为BC上两点,且BE=CF,AF=DE.求证:(1)△ABF≌△DCE;(2)四边形ABCD是矩形.24.(本题满分10分)点(1)P a,在反比例函数kyx=的图象上,点P关于y轴的对称点在一次函数24y x=+的图象上,求此反比例函数的解析式.(第23题图)ABDCE F25.(本题满分10分)某学校举行演讲比赛,选出了10名同学担任评委,并事先拟定从如下4个方案中选择合理的方案来确定每个演讲者的最后得分(满分为10分):方案1 所有评委所给分的平均数.方案2 在所有评委所给分中,去掉一个最高分和一个最低分,然后再计算其余给分的平均数.方案3 所有评委所给分的中位数.方案4 所有评委所给分的众数.为了探究上述方案的合理性,先对某个同学的演讲成绩进行了统计实验.下面是这个同学的得分统计图:(1)分别按上述4个方案计算这个同学演讲的最后得分;(2)根据(1)中的结果,请用统计的知识说明哪些方案不适合作为这个同学演讲的最后得分.分数人数(第25题图)26.(本题满分12分) 如图,等腰梯形A B C D 中,A D B C ∥,点E 在边AD 上, G F H ,,分别是B E ,B C ,C E 的中点.(1)如图26—1,点E 是边AD 上任意一点,请直接填写四边形E G F H 是什么样的特殊四边形: .(2)如图26—2,当点E 在什么位置时,四边形E G F H 是菱形?并加以证明.(3)若(2)中的菱形E G F H 是正方形,请探索线段E F 与线段B C 的关系,并证明你的结论.A D E GHB FCA D E GH BF C 图26—1 图26—22010—2011学年第二学期期末考试八年级数学试题参考答案及评分标准一、选择题(每小题2分,共30分)16.7.7×10-417.97 18.x4800=506000+x 19.-2 或4 20.D三、解答题(本大题共6个小题,共60分.解答应写出文字说明或演算步骤) 21. (每个5分,共10分) 解:(1)解:21-x ---------------------------------------------3分x 的取值不能为2或-2 代入正确------------------------------------------------------5分(2)解:去分母得:()5410x x -+= ------------------------------2分 去括号得:5440x x --= -------------------------------------3分 解得:x =4 -------------------------------------------------4分 经检验x =4是原方程的解。
所以原方程的解为x =4 ----------------------------------------5分22.(本题满分8分) 解:在RT △ABC 中,AB=54322=+ ---------------------------------------4分矩形ABCD 的面积=10×5=50答:阳光透过的最大面积是50平方米 --------------------------------8分 23.(本题满分10分) 证明:(1)∵BE =CF ,BF =BE +EF ,CE =CF +EF ,∴ BF =CE .-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1分 ∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形∴AB =DC . ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------2分 在△ABF 和△DCE 中,∵AB =DC , BF =CE ,AF =DE ,∴△ABF ≌△DCE . -----------------------------------------------5分 (2)∵△ABF ≌△DCE ,∴∠B =∠C . ----------------------------------------------------------------------------6分 ∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,∴AB∥CD.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7分∴∠B+∠C=180°.-------------------------------------------------------------------------8分∴∠B=∠C=90°.--------------------------------------------------------------------------9分∴四边形ABCD是矩形.--------------------------------------------------------------------10分24. (本题满分10分)解:点P(1,a)关于y轴的对称点是(1a-,).----------------------------------2分∵点(1a-,)在一次函数24y x=+的图象上,∴2(1)4 2.a=⨯-+=--------------------------------------------------------------------5分∵点P(1,2)在反比例函数kyx=的图象上,∴k=2. - --------------------8分∴反比例函数的解析式为2yx=. --------------------------------------------------------10分25.(本题满分10分)解:(1)方案1最后得分:110(3.2+7.0+7.8+3×8+3×9.4+9.8)=7.7;----- 1分方案2最后得分:18(7.0+7.8+3×8+3×8.4)=8; ---------------------2分方案3最后得分:8; -----------------------------------------------3分方案4最后得分:8或8.4 ------------------------------------------4分(2)因为方案1中的平均数受较大或较小数据的影响,•不能反映这组数据的“平均水平”,所以方案1不适合作为最后得分的方案.-------------------------------7分因为方案4中的众数有两个,众数失去了实际意义,所以方案4不适合作为最后得分的方案.---------------------------------------------------------------- 10分(说明:少答一个方案扣3分,多答一个方案扣2分)26.(本题满分12分)解:(1)四边形E G F H是平行四边形.-------------------------------------------------------2分(2)当点E是A D的中点时,四边形E G F H是菱形.--------------------------4分证明:G F H,,分别是B E B C C E,,的中点,G F E H G F E H∴=∥,.∴四边形E G F H是平行四边形四边形A B C D是等腰梯形,A B D C A D∴=∠=∠,...A E D E AB E DC E B E C E=∴∴=,△≌△G H,分别是B E C E,的中点,E G E H∴=.∴四边形E G F H是菱形.-------------------------------------------------------------------7分(3)12E F B C E F B C=⊥,.-------------------------------------------------------------9分(如果只回答出EF<BC ,给1分)证明: 四边形E G F H是正方形,90EG EH BEC∴=∠=,.G H,分别是B E,C E的中点,E B E C∴=.F是B C的中点,12E F B C E F B C∴=⊥,.---------------------------------------12分。