水轮机术语库
水轮机英语专业名词
水轮机英语专业名词Hydraulic Turbine Terminology.Introduction.Hydraulic turbines are key components in hydroelectric power generation, converting the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy that can be used to generate electricity. They are complex machines with a dedicated vocabulary that is essential for professionals working in this field. This article aims to provide a comprehensive glossary of technical terms related to hydraulic turbines, including their components, operations, and maintenance.1. Turbine Types.Kaplan Turbine: A type of propeller turbine with adjustable blades, suitable for low to medium heads and high flows.Francis Turbine: A mixed-flow turbine with fixed vanes and adjustable blades, common in medium to high head applications.Pelton Turbine: A reaction turbine with buckets attached to a runner, ideal for high heads and low flows.Turgo Turbine: A reaction turbine with fixed nozzles and a turbine runner, suitable for medium heads and flows.2. Turbine Components.Runner: The rotating part of the turbine that converts water energy into mechanical energy.Blades/Buckets: The individual elements attached to the runner that interact with the water flow.Stator: A fixed assembly of vanes that directs the water flow onto the runner blades.Draft Tube: A section that guides the water away fromthe turbine, reducing pressure and improving efficiency.Shaft: The rotating axis that connects the turbine runner to the generator.3. Turbine Operations.Gate Regulation: The adjustment of turbine inlet gates to control water flow and turbine output.Load Rejection: The ability of the turbine to quickly adjust its output in response to a sudden decrease in load.Cavitation: The formation of vapor bubbles within the turbine due to sudden pressure drops, potentially causing damage.4. Turbine Maintenance.Overhaul: A comprehensive maintenance procedure that includes the disassembly, inspection, and repair of turbine components.Blade Polishing: The process of smoothing and cleaning turbine blades to restore their efficiency.Leakage Testing: Examining the turbine for leaks that can affect its performance and efficiency.5. Performance Parameters.Head: The difference in water level between the inlet and outlet of the turbine, measured in meters.Flow Rate: The volume of water passing through the turbine per unit time, typically measured in cubic meters per second (m³/s).Efficiency: A measure of how effectively the turbine converts water energy into mechanical energy, expressed as a percentage.6. Turbine Control.Governor: A device that controls the speed and output of the turbine by regulating the water flow.Automation System: A suite of sensors and controllers that monitor and adjust turbine operations to maintain stable output and prevent damage.Conclusion.The terminology related to hydraulic turbines is extensive and covers various aspects of their design, operation, and maintenance. Understanding these terms is crucial for professionals working in the field of hydroelectric power generation, enabling them to communicate effectively, diagnose problems, and optimize turbine performance. As the field continues to evolve, it's important to stay updated with new terminology and technologies.。
水轮机专用词汇
水力机械，(简称水机，包括水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机）的专用词汇－－作者：stpeter－－水力机械，(简称水机，包括水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机）的专用词汇1主题内容与适用范围水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机（以下总称水力机械，简称水机）的专用术语。
适用于制订标准，编写和翻译手册、教材、书刊以及图纸设计等用途。
2一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery实现水流机械能和固体机械能之间互相转换的机械。
2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine把水流能量转换成旋转机械能的水力机械。
2.3 蓄能泵storage pump抽水蓄能电站中将水从下游提升至上游的水泵。
2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine既可作水轮机运行又可作蓄能泵运行的水力机械，亦称可逆式水轮机。
2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation从发电机轴端看到的转轮［叶轮］的旋转方向。
贯流式水轮机则从上游向下游方向看水泵水轮机的旋转方向取水轮机工况的旋转方向。
2.6 机组unit用于发电或抽水蓄能的水力机械和电机的组合装置。
2.7 水轮机进口测量断面inlet measuring section of turbine测量水轮机进口水流能量的断面［图1（a）、图1（b）、图1（c）、1断面］。
2.8 水轮机出口测量断面outlet measuring section of turbine测量水轮机出口水流能量的断面［图1（a）、图1（b）、图1（c）、2断面、图1（d）、3断面］。
2.9 蓄能泵进口测量断面inlet measuring section of storage pump靠近吸水管或蓄能泵壳进口处的商定断面［图1（e）、图1（f）、2断面］。
2.10 蓄能泵出口测量断面outlet measuring section of storage pump对于开敞式排流渠道，为靠近蓄能泵出口处的商定断面［图1（g）、1断面］；对于封闭管道，为排水阀上游靠近蓄能泵压水室处的商定断面［图1（e）、图1（f）、1断面］。
水轮机专用英文
一般术语2.1水力机械hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向direction of rotation2.6 机组unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine 3.1.3 轴流式水轮机axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机tubular turbine，through flow turbine 3.1.8灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机）tubular turbine （S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine 3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵diagonal storage pump3.2.4多级式蓄能泵multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机singal stage pump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机multi-stage pump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀cylindrical valve，ring gate3.4.4 球阀rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3 蜗壳spiral case4.1.4 座环stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose4.1.7基础环foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part4.1.14 尾水管支墩draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬pit liner4.1.17导水机构distributor4.1.18顶盖headcover，top cover4.1.19底环bottom ring，bottom cover4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键split key4.1.24 导叶连杆guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置guide vane overload protection device4.1.26 剪断销shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封guide vane end seal4.1.32 导叶立面密封guide vane seal4.1.33抗磨板facing plates，wear plates4.1.34导叶限位块guide vane stop block4.1.35导叶接力器guide vane servomotor4.1.36 单导叶接力器individual guide vane servomotor 4.1.37 推拉杆push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件rotating component4.1.41 转轮runner4.1.42 叶片blade4.1.43 上冠crown4.1.44 下环band4.1.45 泄水锥runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环stationary wearing ring4.1.49 转轮减压板decompression plate4.1.50 主轴main shaft4.1.51 导轴承guide bearing4.1.52 轴领guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓coupling bolt4.2轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
水轮机常用英语词汇
水轮机常用英语词汇A安装高程setting elevation安全阀safe valve安装图wiring layout Installation diagram按合同in accordance with contractB布置图arrangement plan比转速specific speed比例增益proportional gain补气air admission air supply补气装置air supply device电压器transformer本图只供电站设计时参考this drawing is for design reference 备用16件spare parts 16 pieces标准件standard components不可调式水力机械non-regulated hydraulic machineryC冲击式水轮机impuls turbine操作架crosshead初生空化系数incipient cavitation factor初始压力initial pressure尺寸图dimensional drawing××尺寸暂定the measurements of ××is tentative 出厂workshop初步设计preliminary design侧视Side-view测速装置speed senser测压管pipe of measuring pressure测频单元frequency senser厂房地平groundD导水机构distributor垫圈washer顶盖headcover top cover底环bottom ring导水机构distributor导叶guide vane导叶臂guide vane lever rocker arm导叶连杆~ link导叶过载保护器~ overload protection device导叶止推轴承~ thrust bearing导叶轴承~ bearing导叶轴guide vane shaft导叶销guide vane pin导叶轴套guide vane bushings导叶轴密封~ stem seal导叶端面密封~ end seal导叶立面密封~ seal导叶限位块~ stop block导叶接力器individual ~导轴承guide bearing导叶轴压盖the gland of guide Vane shaft导流盖diversion cover导流部分diversion part大气压atmospheric pressure电机motor低压力under pressure调查报告report of investigation电液调速器electro-hydraulic governor电液转换器/电液伺服electro-hydraulic transducer/servovalve 低压机组LV units电源electricity supply电压voltage电流current（主）断路器（main）circuit breaker地脚孔anchor bolt hole地钩fixation hook地脚螺栓foundation bolt吊环螺钉lifting eye screw吊环rings吊钩lift hook镀锌管galvanized pipe电站预埋embedded by power station电站配割焊welding and cutting电站自行设计designed by power station电站自备power station self-provided丁氰橡胶thiakol rubber单耳止动弹圈one ear stop spring coil灯泡式水轮机bulb turbine蝶阀butterfly valveE额定rated峨眉山市驰骋机械Emeishan Chicheng Machinery Co.,Ltd二期混泥土Second ConcreteF反击式水轮机reaction turbine分半键split key飞逸runaway speed飞逸特性曲线runaway speed curve分段关闭装置step closing device辅助接力器auxiliary servomotor辅助设备auxiliary equipment封面surface plot负载on load辅助常闭auxiliary normally close封水座seal block（pedestal of seal water）封水装置seal water devise发电机出风道generator vents方向自定direction customised方头短圆柱锥端紧定螺钉square set screws with short dog point and cone end放水阀drain valve放水旋塞drain cock放水管盖offlet cover发电机generatorG孤立运行isolated operation工作油压operating oil pressure工作油压上限/下限upper /lower limit of operating oil pressure功率（表）power（meter）工况operating condition固定导叶stay vane固定盘fixed plate贯流式水轮机tubular turbine工程竣工图completion drawing规范Specification盖形螺母cap nut钢steel钢垫steel liners钢背复合自润滑材料steel backing compositeself-lubricating material管路部分pipe sectionH混流式水轮机Francis turbine蝴蝶阀butterfly valve缓冲装置damping device缓冲器dashpot缓冲装置时间常数time constant of damping device电气缓冲electrical damper焊接welding后盖板back cover回油箱oil sump tankJ接力器servomotor接力器行程servomotorst roke接力器最短关闭时间minimum servomoter closing time 机坑里衬pit liner接管connecting pipe径向力radial force机械效率mechanical efficiency绝对压力absolute pressure加权平均水头weighted average head净水头net head进水管water inlet进人门mandoor检修密封stand still seal剪断销shear pin基础环foundation ring机组unit技术设计technical design机械液压调速器mechanical hydraulic governor截止阀globe valve减压板decompression plate接地栓grounding spigot静态特性static characteristic加速时间常数derivative time constantK可调式水力机械regulated hydraulic machinery可调油轴承adjustable oil bearing控制环regulating ring抗磨板facing plates抗磨滑块wear slider block空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空化系数cavitation factor开关保险丝switch-fuse空气开关air-operated switch扩大初步设计enlarging preliminary design开度限制机构opening limit mechanism空载no-load可控硅SCR开槽圆柱头螺钉slotted pan head screwL漏油箱leak oil tank流量discharge力特性force character临界空化系数critical cavitation factor联轴螺栓couping bolt连杆link连杆装配link assembly立式机组vertical unit励磁屏excitation screen螺母nut连板铜套copper cover with plate六角薄螺母hexagon thin nut六角头螺栓hexagon headed bolt螺尾锥销nut tail cone pin螺旋扣turnbuckle（尾水管）拉钩the drag hook of （tail water）拉环suspension link拉板pulling plate连接法兰coupling flangeM埋入部件embedded component摩擦装置friction device毛水头gross head目录list明细表order sheet灭磁de-excitation面板panel密封环sealing ringN内螺纹旋塞阀internal-thread plug valve内接头internal-thread connecting tubeOO型密封圈O-seal ringP平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve through flow butterfly valve平键key旁通阀by-pass valve盘形阀mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve配压阀distributing valve排至集水井lead the water into the collector well排水孔drain hole排水管drain pipe排水阀座pedestal of draw off valve平垫圈plat washer偏心销eccentric pin爬梯ladderQ驱动器driver球阀rotary valve ball valve spherical valve起励initial excitation前盖板front cover全贯流式水轮机straight flow turbine，rim-generator unitR软启动器soft-starter热敏开关thermo switch人工（频率）死区单元S死区dead band甩负荷load rejection手动运行manual operation事故低油压tripping oil pressure双漏油器double oil-filter双调整调速器double regulating governor水力矩hydraulic torque水流惯性时间常数water interia time constant水推力hydraulic thrust水封压板seal pressure plate射流入射角jet inclined angle射流直径jet diameter水轮发电机组hydroelectric generating set水锤water hammer水封装配seal water assembly水力机械hydraulic machinery水导轴承装配assembly of the bush of water flowing diversionbearing式中type in输入功率input power输出功率power output梳齿密封座comb-tooth-type Seal block（下/上）梳齿环（upper/ below）comb-tooth ring设计水头design head速度水头elocity head受油器oil head上冠crown双击式水轮机double-flow turbine cross-flow turbine施工图设计construction design设计规范design specification示意图Diagrammatic sketch施工图Working drawing说明书Instruction book水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine scoop turbine双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine受油器oil head输入（输出）功率input（output）power水力的hydraulic水力机械hydraulic machinery水电站hydropower station双头螺柱stud三通旋塞three way cock竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbineT通流式调速器through flow type governor推拉杆push and pull rod调速轴regulating shaft（governor shaft）调速耳座speed lug调速环铜套copper sheathing of speed ring调速机构speed institutions（regulating mechamism）调速系统governing system弹垫圈spring washer通用件standard parts铜套copper bushUVW蜗壳spiral case蜗室剖面图section plane views蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose尾水闸门tail water sluice gate尾水管draft tube tail water piping尾水管扩散段draft tube outlet part尾水管支墩~ pier尾水管里衬~ liner外购procurement卧式horizontal unitX斜流式水轮机inclined jet turbine diagonal turbine 斜流转桨式水轮机Deriaz turbine斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine下环band下游最低尾水位the minimum tail-water level泄水锥runner cone discharge cone协连装置combination device相序采样phase sequence sampling橡胶条rubber橡胶轴承rubber bearing橡胶圈rubber ring橡胶管rubber pipe选用select旋塞阀plug valve旋转方向direction of rotation相似工况similar operating condition协联工况combined condition现场焊缝field weldingY压力罐式调速器governor with pressure tank压盖gland油压装置oil pressure supply unit油箱座tank block油箱tank引导阀pilot distributing valve引水室flume叶片blade叶片枢轴runner blade trunnion叶轮impeller圆柱销cylindrical pin圆锥销taper pin压板pressure plate预埋至机坑embedded into foundation pit永态转差系数permanent speed droop一期混泥土First Concrete一件 a piece of（水轮机）运转特性曲线（turbine）performance curveZ整体设计overall design总图general drawing总装图general installation drawing装配图assembly drawing组合件assemblies组画Section drawing主视图top view主图Master plane闸阀gate valve止回阀check valve轴流式水轮机axial turbine轴流转桨式水轮机Kaplan turbine轴流调桨式水轮机Thoma turbine轴流定桨式水轮机Propeller turbine真空破坏阀vacuum break valve座环stay ring锥形尾水管conical draft tube肘形尾水管elbow draft tube肘型管elbow转动部件rotating component转轮runner止漏环wearing ring轴套shaft sleeve轴领guide bearing collar轴瓦guide bearing shoe轴承体guide bearing housing轴承座bearing support轴承架bearing retainer转轮室runner chamber支持盖inner head cover支撑环support ring支墩buttress dam转轮体runner hub转叶机构mechanism of runner blade转轮叶片接力器runner blade servomotor最大（最小）水头maximum（minimum）head中间接力器pilots ervomotor中间轴承the middle bearing主配压阀中间位置meutral position of main distributing vavle主阀main valve整流回路rectification circuit最低尾水位min tail water level锥管段cone主轴密封mail shaft seal暂态转差系数temporary speed droop止推垫片stopping shim装配assembly罩子cover直锥尾水管straight tap直通旋塞straight through type cock针形阀needle valve组焊件assembly and welding part导轴承guide bearing（水轮机）综合特性曲线（turbine）efficiency hill diagram，combined characteristic curve 最优比转速optimum specific speed专用工具special tool1、本图仅供机组布置情况特征尺寸，有关基础及水工布置情况电站自行设计。
水轮机调节系统的专用术语(中英文对照)
接力器最短关闭时间
minimum servomotor closing time
接力器最短开启时间
minimum servomotor opening time
接力器容量
servomotor capacity
柜体
端子箱
terminal box
配电箱
distributor box
speed sensing device
测频单元
frequency module
测速信号源
speed signal source
测频模块（残压）
frequency measuring module(residual voltage)
测频模块（齿盘）
frequency measuring module(fluted disc)
（机械）开度限制机构
(machanical) opening limiter
电气开度限制单元
electrical opening limiter
转速调整机构
speed adjusting mechanism, speed changer
功率给定单元
power setting module
频率给定单元
liquid level transmitter
自动补气装置
air auto supply device
油混水信号器
oil-water mixing announcitor
空气滤清器
air filter
软启动器
soft-starter
星三角启动器
star-delta starter
热敏开关
thermo switch
水力发电技术基本术语
水力发电技术基本术语水力发电术语是指在水电站和水利水电工程中应用的水力发电相关的术语和概念，主要包括以下几个方面：1. 水头：指水电站上下游水位之间的差值，是水力发电的基本参数之一。
水头越高，发电效率越高。
2. 流量：指水电站进水口或出水口的流量，即单位时间内流过某一横截面的水量。
流量越大，发电效率越高。
3. 转速：指水轮机的转速，即水轮机转子的旋转速度。
转速越高，发电效率越高。
4. 效率：指水轮机或整个水电站的发电效率，即水轮机发出的电能与水流能量之比。
效率越高，说明水电站对水能的利用率越高。
5. 调节保证率：指水电站在一定时间内能够保证发出的电能与设计值相符的概率。
调节保证率越高，说明水电站的调节性能越好。
6. 装机容量：指水电站的总装机容量，即水电站的最大发电能力。
装机容量越大，说明水电站的发电能力越强。
7. 年发电量：指水电站一年内发出的电能总量。
年发电量越大，说明水电站的经济效益越好。
8. 水库容积：指水电站水库的容量大小。
水库容积越大，说明水库的调节能力越强，对提高水电站的发电效益有积极作用。
9. 水工建筑：指水电站的水工建筑物，包括挡水坝、溢洪道、进水口、厂房等。
水工建筑物的设计和施工对水电站的正常运行和安全有重要影响。
10. 设备选型：指根据水电站的具体条件和要求选择合适的发电机组、水轮机、变压器等设备的过程。
设备选型对水电站的运行效率和经济效益有重要影响。
以上是水力发电技术的基本术语和概念，了解和掌握这些术语和概念有助于更好地理解水力发电的工作原理和技术要求。
2015年水轮机调节常用名词术语
水轮机调节系统仿真常用名词术语水轮机调节系统hydraulic turbine regulating system水轮机控制系统hydraulic turbine control systems被控制系统controlled system随动系统servo-system调速器governor电(气)液(压)调速器electric-hydraulic governor微机调速器micro-computer based governor双调整调速器double regulating governor比例-积分-微分调速器proportional-integral-derivative governor测速装置speed sensing device测频单元frequency module人工死区单元artificial dead band module电液转换器electro-hydraulic converter电液伺服阀electro-hydraulic servo-valve电液比例（方向）阀electro-hydraulic proportional (directional) valve主配压阀main distributing valve, control valve（机械）开度限制机构(mechanical) opening limiter电气开度限制单元electrical opening limiter转速调整机构speed adjusting mechanism, speed changer功率给定单元power setting module频率给定单元frequency setting module接力器servomotor辅助接力器auxiliary servomotor中间接力器pilot servomotor主接力器main servomotor导叶接力器guide vane servomotor转叶[折向器/偏流器]接力器(runner) blade [jet deflector/cut in deflector] servomotor 协联装置combination device分段关闭装置step closing device自动运行automatic operation手动运行manual operation限负荷运行limited load operation孤立运行isolated operation并联运行parallel operation空载运行no-load operation, idling operation带负荷运行load operation甩负荷load rejection稳定状态steady state小波动状态；小瞬变状态small oscillation condition; small transient condition大波动状态；大瞬变状态large oscillation condition; large transient condition型式试验type test出厂试验workshop test验收试验acceptance test空载扰动试验no-load disturbing test带负荷试验load test甩负荷试验load rejection test转速speed频率frequency额定转速rated speed相对转速relative speed转速偏差speed deviation转速相对偏差relative deviation of speed给定[指令]信号command signal给定信号偏差command signal deviation给定信号相对偏差relative deviation of command signal接力器行程servomotor stroke接力器最大行程maximum servomotor stroke接力器相对行程relative stroke of servomotor接力器行程偏差servomotor stroke deviation接力器行程相对偏差relative deviation of servomotor stroke主配压阀中间位置neutral position of main distributing valve主配压阀行程main distributing valve stroke主配压阀最大行程maximum stroke of main distributing valve主配压阀相对行程relative stroke of main distributing valve主配压阀最大工作行程maximum operating stroke of main distributing valve工作油压operating oil pressure发电机输出功率power output of the generator转矩偏差torque deviation流量偏差discharge deviation水头偏差head deviation搭叠量overlap主配压阀最大许用输油量maximum allowable delivery of main distributing valve 水轮机控制系统静态特性droop graph of turbine control system永态差值系数permanent droop暂态差值系数temporary droop缓冲装置时间常数time constant of damping device速动时间常数promptitude time constant加速时间常数derivative time constant微分环节时间常数time constant of derivative module接力器响应时间常数servomotor response time constant微分环节时间常数time constant of derivative module比例增益proportional gain积分增益integral gain开环增益opening loop gain转速稳定性指数speed stability index死区dead band给定信号死区command signal dead band随动系统不准确度servo-system inaccuracy接力器不动时间servomotor dead time接力器最短关闭时间minimum servomotor closing time接力器最短开启时间minimum servomotor opening time接力器作用力servomotor force接力器容量servomotor capacity水流惯性时间常数water inertia time constant管道反射时间penstock reflection time机组惯性时间常数unit inertia time constant, unit acceleration constant负载惯性时间常数load inertia time constant水轮机转矩对转速的传递系数transmission coefficient of turbine torque to speed（水轮机自调节系数turbine self-regulation coefficient）发电机负载转矩对转速的传递系数transmission coefficient of generator load torque to speed（发电机负载自调节系数generator load self-regulation coefficient）被控制系统自调节系数controlled system self-regulation coefficient电网负载特性系数network load characteristic coefficient水轮机转矩对水头的传递系数transmission coefficient of turbine torque to head水轮机转矩对导叶[喷针]接力器行程的传递系数transmission coefficient of turbine torque to gate[needle] servomotor stroke, turbine control transmission radio水轮机转矩对转轮叶片接力器行程的传递系数transmission coefficient of turbine torque to blade servomotor stroke流量对转速的传递系数transmission coefficient of discharge to speed流量对水头的传递系数transmission coefficient of discharge to head流量对导叶[喷针]接力器行程的传递函数transmission coefficient of discharge to gate [needle] servomotor stroke流量对转叶接力器行程的传递函数transmission coefficient of discharge to blade servomotor stroke。
水轮机词汇
一、TYPE OF TURBINETurbineWater turbineWater wheel turbineHydraulic turbineHydraulic prime moverVertical shaft turbineVertical type turbineHorizontal shaft turbineHorizontal type turbineReaction turbineOverpressure turbineFrancis turbineRadial-axial flow turbineMixed flow turbineInward-flow turbineCentrevent turbineAxial flow hydraulic turbineAxial water turbinePropeller turbineAdjustable and fixed-blade propeller hydraulic turbine Movable-blade propeller turbineVariable-pitch propeller turbine Adjustable-blade propeller turbine Pressure turbineKaplan turbineFixed-blade propeller turbine Fixed-pitch propeller turbine Nagler turbineMixed flow variable turbine Diagonal flow turbineDeriaz turbineCentripetal turbineRadial flow turbineImpulse turbineAction turbineConstant-pressure turbine Pelton turbineScoop turbineJet-type impulse turbinePelton wheelImpulse wheelTangential flow turbineTurgo impulse turbineDouble turgo turbineInclined-jet turbineAxial flow impulse turbineSingle jet type turbineTwo-jet type turbineMulti-jet type turbineCross-flow turbineDoubleshot turbinePanki turbineUndershot turbineTubular turbineThroughflow turbineBulb tubular turbineBulb turbineFrontal type turbineCross type turbineFront shaft-extension type tubular turbine Shaft-extension type tubular turbine Rear shaft-extension tubular turbine Reversible pump turbinePump turbineInclined shaft turbineSingle runner type turbine Two-runner type turbine Twin-runner type turbine Single discharge type turbine Double discharge type turbine Pit-type turbineSpiral casing-type turbine Spiral-cased turbineSemi-spiral turbineFull spiral case turbine Open vlvme type turbine Conical turbineBoiler-type turbineShell type turbineTandem type turbine Double type turbineTwo shaft turbineTwo water turbineTwin type turbineSingle speed type turbine Two-speed type turbineRim-generator turbineUpstream-bulb turbineDownstream-bulb turbineStraflo turbine二、GENERAL TERMSReport of investigationPreliminary designEnlarging preliminary designTechnical designConstruction designDesign specificationOverall designGeneral drawingGeneral installation drawingCreeting drawingAssembly drawingInstallation diagramSide-viewPerspective drawingSection drawingPreliminary sketchDiagrammatic sketchDetail drawingWorking drawingFinal drawing Completion drawingTop viewLayoutGeneral layoutMaster plan SpecificationInstruction book Standard specification Operation manual Operating specification Basic sizeHydraulic development Hydraulic engineering Water power engineering Water powerLayout of hydraulic system Hydraulic project planning CascadeFlow cascade Hydroelectric boardHydraulic power Hydraulic power plant Hydraulic power station Hydroelectric power plant Hydroelectric power station Power plantReservoir power plant Diversion power station Dam-type power plant Dam-type power stationBy-dam power station Inside-dam power station Run-of-river power station Overflow power station Storage hydro power plant Semi-indoor power plant Semi-outdoor power station Underground power station Pumped storage power plant Tidal power plantBase-load power station Peak-load power stationStan-by power plant DamLasherGravity damBulk-head dam Buttress dam Debris damArch damArch gravity dam Multi arch dam Shell arch dam Embankment Earth damEarth-fall dam Embankment dam Dike/dykeRock dyke dam Rock embankment Dome damHollow gravity dam WeirFlood detention damRegulating dam Overflow dam Spill weir dam Separation dam Spur dikeGroinStorage dam Submerged dam Debris barrier Vaulted dam Diversion dam Cofferdam Main dam Auxiliary dam BarrageDam site Reservoir Storage reservoir Storage basin StorageDead storage Available storageEffective reservoir volume Total storagePower storage Operating storage Multiseasonal storage Reservoir capacity Reservoir areaStorage tankPoolHeadHeadworkOverall lengthOverall areaGross areaSkin areaSectional areaCross sectional area Through-flow cross section StreambedRiver bedDischarge waterMain streamRiver fallIntakeDrainage areaPulsating flowHead tankDead water ConsumptionEnergy dissipation Layout of powerhouse Auxiliary apparatus Auxiliary equipment Auxiliary machinery Hydraulic machinery Water turbine generator set Hydraulic generator set Hydroelectric set Generation unitGensetTotal power of station Installed capacity Station capacity Auxiliary stationMain machine hall Machine hallMain generating room HeadraceCanal head Diversion work Diversion construction Channel Convergence channel Intake canal Discharge canal Open canalSpur canalFlumeNon-pressure flume Open flume Pressure flumePitDuctSluiceRegulating sluice Regulating lockScour outlet channel Flood spillway Overflow weir Sand escape Diversion canal Diversion channel TailraceTubingPipePipeline system Circulating pipe Overflow SpillwayConduit pipeDrain pipe Hydraulic pipe line Overflow pipe Conduit Hydraulic mainBy-passPenstockBuried penstockPenstock reducer CulvertScreenTrash racksTrash screens Coarse rackCage screenStop log aqueductpierOutletWater outletBaseBasic line HorizonMaximal headwater PeakMain drainRunCurrent of water Gravity flow Unsteady flowV ortex flowFlow in continuum Channel flow Laminar flow Whirl flbre flow EddyEddy flowFlow patternFlow form CirculationFlow line Streamline Circulating current Axial flowRadial flowRadial inward flow Radial outward flow Flow fieldFlow surfaceFlow linePower house Master control roomDistribution net Distribution networkAnnual energy output Generator floorTurbine floorSpiral casing floor Elevation of turbine centerline Zero levelEL.(elevation)Height of settingTailrace water elevation Machine floor elevation Turbine center elevation Flood elevationLevelWater elevationWater levelExcavation depthBase levelRiver levelLow water levelHigh water levelHead water levelDistributor EL.Runner EL.EL. Of erectionR.C.EL.(runner centerline elevation) Runner EL.Needle axis EL.Tailwater EL.Normal water levelNormal pool levelStorage levelNormal average pool level Maximum pool levelMaximum flood stageMinimum pool levelDead water levelNormal pool level tailwater Dammed waterCentersCRS.(centers)Sparo unitVertical shaftInstallation work ManholeHatchAccess doorGalleryConverer way GangwayGantryService bridge Pedestrian bridge Suspension bridge Inspection manhole Inspection gallery Blade-removal opening StairwayStairsStaircaseLadderSpiral stairsWinding stairs Circular stairsStepsClimbing steps Access ladder HandrailsCraneElevatorPedalCheckered plate Observation hole WearGroove Weldment Component ClearanceGapAdjustable clearance FlawFlaw detection DiameterTail channel Tailrace canal Tailwater Tailwater channelSand basin Settling basin Settling tankSilt basinSand settling basin Surge basinSurge shaftSurge tankSurge chamber Daily pondage basin Stilling basin Baffle threshold SiphonEnergy absorber Energy killer Hydraulic structures ChannelTunnelConvey tunnel Access tunnel Tailrace tunnel Drain tunnelBy-pass tunnelWind tunnelWater tunnelGateLockIntake gateRadial gate Emergency gateQuick-closing gate Storm gateDraft tube bulkhead gate Draft tube gateSiphon trapForebayTankPipelineTubeAbrasionUnit bayFlood controlFlood detention dam Power poolTurbine generatorSupport pierSpeed increaserSpeed-increasing gearAccess shaftInlet tubeOpen water chamberPassageFairingRunner removal accessHandgear三、PARAMETER四、PERFORMANCE AND OPERATION五、TURBINE TESTING六、ROTATING PARTSRotating partPrincipal partRunnerRotorWheelPropellerWater wheelSeries of runnerRunner typeAction wheelSingle discharge runner Double discharge runnerTwin-blade runnerRunner with stainless steel blade ImpellerRunner with various metals Split runnerFabricated runnerWelding runnerCasting runnerCast steel runnerCast integrally runnerModel runnerRunner discoidThroat diameter of runner Runner diameterRunner exitRunner inletRunner outlineArea of inletArea of outletBladeVaneBucketScoopRunner bucketRunner bladeRunner vaneSuction side of the blade Back of blade Pressure side of the blade Propeller blade Impeller blade CascadeBlade cascadeLatticeCascade spacingBlade pitchVane pitchSpan of wingLeaf marginBlade journal Blade seal ring Tip clearance AirfoilAerofoilBlade shape BuckTemplateBlade shape gauge Test piece CrownRunner crown ShroudRunner shroud BandRunner band Lower rim Runner skirt Runner casing Wheel case Runner housing Housing coverCentral part of runnerDraft coneRunner hubRunner bossHub extensionRunner tipRunner coneUpper runner hub/boss cover Lower runner hub/boss cover Runner blade opening Runner vane opening Runner openingBottom of wheelBalanceStatic balanceDynamic balanceManifoldManifold pipeSpiral distributorNeedleNeedle tipNeedle stemNeedle point Needle head NozzleNozzle pipe Turbine nozzle Nozzle body Nozzle tip Nozzle seat ring Centrifugal nozzle Movable nozzle Inlet elbowInlet bendJetSingle jet Double jetMulti-jetJet brakeJet deflectorJet nozzle Deflector Runner deflector RefractorFlow deflectorInflow deviceDuctFlow-passing surface Stream surfaceWater-swept surface Angle of attachInlet angle of runner Discharge angle of runner Exit angle of runner Outlet angle of runner Outlet diameterExit diameter Discharge diameterInlet diameterNozzle diameter Runner diameterBafflerRunner levelJet diameterBlade ductAngle of bladeStroke of blade/vaneInlet edgeOutlet edgeExit edgePassageDuctBlade channel swept by waterNominal diameterBanch pipeShaftFabricated shaftWelding shaftForged shaftForged integrally shaft七、GUIDE MECHANISMFlow controlControl mechanismRegulating gearThrottling actionSpeed-control mechanism Guide apparatusGate mechanismGate operation mechanism Guide-blade apparatus DistributorGate riggingGuide-vane apparatus Guide apparatusRadial guide apparatus Inclined guide apparatus Axial guide apparatus BladeVaneGuide vaneGuide bladeWicket gateGate guide vane journal Guide vane trunnion Gate stem八、EMBEDDED PARTSEmbeded partsInlet partsFixed partsSpiral caseScroll casingScroll caseV olute casing/caseCasingCaseWheel casingSpiral casingConcrete spiral casingPlate spiral casingSheet metal spiral casingRound section spiral casingRectangular section spiral casingSpiral casing with stay ringCast iron spiral casingCast steel spiral casingSemi-spiral casingSemi-scroll casingNose angle of spiral casingNose of spiral casingRadius of spiral casingEntrance diameter of spiral casing InletliningVelocity coefficient of spiral-casing Expansion jointStay ringStay-vane ringThroat ringUpper ringLower ringBottem ringStay bladeStay vaneSteel blend stay vaneStay of spiral casingBaffle stay vaneBaffle vaneUpstream edge of stay vane Downstream edge of stay vaneRunner chamberRunner wall ringRunner chamber lower ring Runner chamber upper ring Runner housing Diacharge ring Intermediate top plate Lower top plateDraft tubeDraught tubeStraight draft tube Conical draft tubeBend draft tubeElbow draft tubeBell-shaped draft tube Straight conical draft tube Straight taper draft tube Divergent shaped draft tube Hydraucone draft tube Spreading draft tube Throat ringElbowElbow tubeInlet bendDraft tube diffuserDraft bendHorizontal long of draft tube Draft tube axisDraft tube depthAxis length of draft tube Draft tube lengthDraft tube protecting ring Draft tube liningDraft tube linerDraft tube roofEfficiency of draft tube Dynamic draft tubeBarrelFoundating platePitOpen pitDischarge pitPit linerSpiral-shaped pitTurbine pitTurbine chamberFoundating ringSpiral case extensionSkirt plateTest headFixed guide wheelOuter gate barrelInner gate barrel九、GOVERNOR AND AUTOMATION十、OIL,AIR AND WATER SYSTEM 十一、MISCELLANEOUS十二、PUMP AND PUMP--TURBINE。
水轮机 机械工程学术语
水轮机机械工程学术语水轮机一、定义：水轮机是一种使用水力能源驱动的机器，它利用水流作为动力源，供电动机及它的附件（包括风机，泵等）产生运动所需要的动力。
二、应用：1、电力发电：水轮机是一种利用水流产生动力，用于发电的设备。
它利用水流的动能，能使发电机及其附件（如风机、泵等）产生动力，进而帮助发电机发电。
2、航运：水轮机可以用于拖拉船和游轮。
这种船舶的引擎由一台水轮机驱动，利用水流的推动力，使船舶的船身向前移动。
三、型号：一般来说，水轮机可以分为大，中，小三种规格，依据其机壳外形及气室标准定量，分别称为石膏式、扩室式及碳素式水轮机。
四、结构特点：1、水轮机的机壳、安装件、轴封件和密封件都有相应的标准件和技术参数，保证整机运行稳定、安全可靠。
2、水轮机的气室有分为大，中，小三种，这决定了水轮机运行时的排水量和效率，从而决定了发电机的功率和效率。
3、机壳的内部结构紧凑，通常采用分段式结构。
机壳内部主要分为水槽，安装碟片，加强板和控制机部分，其结构紧凑简洁，可实现低功耗、高效率运行。
4、水轮机的轴系比较复杂，其中有轴承、齿轮、轴套等部件，除了可以传输动力之外，还可以调整水轮机转子的转速，实现机组的技术指标要求。
五、安全性：1、水轮机及其附件的安全性非常重要，需要确保水泵制造的质量，及时维护，停机检修。
2、水轮机需要经过定期检测，以保证它的安全可靠性，包括：水轮机机壳内和外部状态，转子和轴承状态，气室参数检测等。
3、定期校核水轮机及其附件，检查噪音是否超标，燃油消耗是否超标，检查水泵位置等，以确保水轮机可以正常运行。
六、维护：1、水轮机的检修保养应该定期进行，确保水轮机的安全运行。
2、water machine should be well lubricated regularly to reduce the serious wear of metal parts and prolong its service life.3、水轮机的机壳、安装件、轴承等部件定期检查，动态监控水轮机的安全运行状态。
泵与水轮机词汇
Pump:1.Discharge casing 出水泵壳2.Suction casing 吸入室3.Interstage casing: 中间级泵壳4.Balancing chamber cover平衡室盖板5.Impeller 叶轮6.Pump shaft 泵轴7.Shaft sleeve 轴衬8.Sleeve nut 轴衬油膜9.Balancing dise 平衡阀10.Impeller key 叶轮键11.Deflector 挡油环12.Gland packing 填料函13.Guide vane 导叶14.Casing ring 口环15.Packing gland 填料压盖16.Sealing ring 密封环17.Interstage bushing 级间轴套18.Balancing bushing 平衡套19.Balancing seat 平衡座20.Sealing pine 水封管21.Balancing pine 平衡管22.Tie bolt 拉紧螺栓23.Shaft coupling 联轴器24.Priming funnel 注水漏斗Turbine:1.Generator Air Gap 发电机气隙2.Exciter Air Gap 励磁气隙3.Generator Magnetic Field 发电机磁场4.Stator Bar Vibration 定子线棒振动5.Stator Core Vibration 定子铁芯振动6.Stator Frame Displacement 定子支架位移7.Stator Temperature 定子温度8.Stator Cooling Water Temperature定子冷却水温9.Stator Cooling Water Flow 定子冷却水流10.Generator Ambient Temperature发电机环境温度11.Slip Ring Compartment Temperature滑环隔间温度12.Guide&Thrust Bearing Temperature导轴承和推力轴承温度13.Guide&Thrust Bearing Vibration导轴承和推力轴承振动14.Active Power 有功功率15.Reactive Power 无功功率16.Stator Voltage 定子电压17.Stator Current 定子电流18.Rotor Voltage 转子电压19.Rotor Current 转子电流20.Split-Phase Current 分相电流21.Servomotor Stroke伺服电动机行程22.Turbine Clearance 涡轮空隙23.Blade Angle(Kaplan)叶片角（轴流转桨式）24.Turbined Water Flow涡轮工作水流25.Water Pressure(Casing or Penstock)水压（工作腔或压力水管）26.Upstream&Downstream Levels上游和下游水位。
水轮机及电机方面的专业英语词汇
Aa.c.machine交流电机abrasion磨损absolute pressure绝对压力acceleration of gravity重力加速度acceptance test验收试验access pit进人通道access shaft竖井通道accuracy精度acoustic method声学法，超声波法actuai duration of operation实际运行时间actuating error动作误差acyclic machine单极电机aeration pipe 补气管air admission system补气系统air admission test补气试验air depression system压水系统air vent通风道alternating current machine交流电机amplitude振幅amplitude振幅anchor bolt 地脚螺栓,螺栓anchor plate锚板，基础板angle steel角钢angular frequency角频率area面积areo description区域描述arithmetic average efficiency算术平均效率arithmetic mean value 算术平均值arm for roller滚轮臂arrangement drawing布置图assembly test装配试验asynchronous generator异步发电机asynchronous machine异步电机atmospheric pressure环境压力，大气压automatic control components自动化元件average annual solid content多年平均含沙量average solid grain size平均粒径average value平均值Axial flow adjustable-blade turbine轴流转桨式水轮机Axial flow fixed-blade turbine轴流定桨式水轮机Axial flow regulative-blade turbine轴流调桨式水轮机Axial flow turbine轴流式水轮机Axial pump轴流泵back to back start up背靠背同步起动band下环band chamber下环腔band seal 下止漏环bearing球轴承bearing oil injection system轴承高压油顶起系统bifurcation分叉管blade叶片blade angle叶片转角blade lever叶片转臂blade link叶片连杆blade trunnion叶片枢轴bolt to door hinge铰链销bottom下部，底部bottom cover底环bottom ring底环，低压侧盖板brake nozzle制动喷嘴branch pipe叉管brushless wound-rotor无刷绕线转子感应电动机induction motorbucket水斗bulb灯泡体bulb support灯泡体支柱bulb tubular unit灯泡贯流式机组bulkhead gate矩形/平板闸门butt strap肩托butterfly valve蝴蝶阀cage induction motor笼型感应电动机cage synchronous motor笼型同步电动机cam协联机构capacitor motor电容电动机capacitor start and run motor电容起动及运行电动机capacitor start motor电容起动电动机cavitation空化cavitation coefficient空化系数，托马数cavitation coefficient of水轮机空化系数hydraulic turbinecavitation damage空蚀cavitation erosion空蚀cavitation margin空化裕量cavitation pitting空蚀cavitation pitting guarantee空蚀保证期duration of operationcavitation reference level空化基准面cavitation test空化试验Celsius temperature摄氏温度centrifugal-pump径流泵，离心泵channel vorties叶道涡characteristic test特性试验cheek plates抗磨板，颊版circlip轴用挡圈class of accuracy精确度等级closing piece堵块coefficient of dynamic viscosity动力粘性系数coefficient of kinematic viscosity运动粘性系数combined cavitation erosion and abrasion磨蚀combined characteristic curve综合特性曲线combined condition协联工况combined erosion by sand and cavitation磨蚀complete characteristics of pump-turbine水泵水轮机全特性compound pulsation复合脉动compound vibration复合振动con.pin销cone泄水锥，锥管cone part锥段，锥管部件confidence level置信概率connecting rod推拉杆connection piece联接块constant current generator 恒流发电机constant relative bandwidth of an analyzer分析仪恒等百分比带宽constant voltage generator恒压发电机conveyor case多级泵中段conveyor vane多级泵导叶coordinate坐标counter thrust bearing反向推力轴承counter weight重锤coupling bolt联轴螺栓coupling flange联接法兰，联轴法兰 cover盖板cover plate门板critical cavitation coefficient临界空化系数cross head操作架cross-flow turbine双击式水轮机crossover passage case多级泵中段crown上冠crown chamber上冠腔crown seal上止漏环current meter method流速仪法cut-in deflector分流器cylinder head screw圆柱头螺钉cylinder part圆筒cylindrical rotor machine圆柱形转子电机d.c.machine直流电机deflector折向器，偏流器deflector servomotor折向器接力器deflector shaft折向器轴density密度Deriaz turbine斜流转桨式水轮机design设计design flood level设计洪水位design tail water level 设计尾水位detail详图diagonal pump斜流泵，混流泵diagonal turbine斜流式水轮机dicharge heigh排出高度diffuser扩散管diffuser ring扩散环diffuser vane水泵导叶dimension尺寸dimensional limit尺寸公差direct current machine直流电机direct-driven unit直驱机组disc type machine盘式电机discharge流量discharge ring转轮室dismantling flang拆卸法兰distance tube套管distributor 导水机构，分流管door handle门把手door roller compl.滚轮装配double wound synchronous generator双绕组同步发电机double-fed machine双馈电机double-flow turbine双流式水轮机double-regulated machine双调式水力机械double-suction pump双吸式水泵double-winding synchronous generator双绕组同步发电机downstream channel下游侧通道draft tube尾水管，吸入管draft tube bend尾水管弯管draft tube cone尾水管锥管draft tube elbow尾水管肘管draft tube liner尾水管里衬draft tube outlet part 尾水管扩散段，吸入管进口段drop erosion点蚀effective value有效值efficiency效率efficiency test效率试验elbow draft tube肘形尾水管electric energy电能量electric machine电机electrical machine电机electrical rotating machine旋转电机electrodes for site assembly工地用焊条end stop to rail停止块erection wrench 调节支撑error of measurement测量误差exciter励磁机facing plates抗磨板，颊版field weld工地焊接fillet weld dimension焊角定义尺寸first step overspeed contact一级过速触点fixation bars to HEB beam H型钢梁固定块fixation bars to INP beam I型钢梁固定块fixed 固定的fixed-cone valve空心锥形泄荷阀flange法兰flange half法兰分半flap gate拍板闸门，拍门flat bar筋板，平板，条钢flat bar（suspension hook）平板（吊耳）flat bar（to adjusting roof）平板（用于顶盖调整）flat steel钢板force力force character力特性force characteristic test 力特性试验forced phase reversing强迫换相forged inlet flange锻钢进口法兰foundation ring基础环frame 框架frame part框架frame to service door检修门框Francis turbine混流式水轮机francis turbine runner nominal diameter混流式转轮公称直径frequency频率full penetration weld清根焊缝full-voltage start-up全压起动fundamental frequency 基波gate闸门gate operating mechanism导叶操作机构gate operating ring控制环gate valve闸阀gauge pressure表计压力（简称压力）gear box齿轮增速箱generator发电机generator access hatch发电机进人孔gravimetric method重量法grid栅板gross head毛水头guide bearing导轴承guide bearing collar轴领guide bearing housing轴承体guide bearing journal轴颈guide bearing pad/shoe/segment导轴承分块瓦，轴瓦guide bearing shell筒式导轴承轴瓦guide vane导叶guide vane apparatus导水机构guide vane bearing导叶轴套guide vane end seal导叶端面密封guide vane end stop导叶限位块guide vane lever导叶臂guide vane link导叶连杆guide vane lock导叶锁锭guide vane opening导叶开度guide vane overload protection导叶过载保护guide vane regulating apparatus导叶调节装置guide vane rotating angle导叶转角guide vane servomotor导叶接力器guide vane stem导叶轴guide vane stem seal导叶轴密封guide vane thrust bearing导叶止推轴承guide vane/blade cam导叶/叶片协联机构harmonic谐波harmonic filter谐波滤波器hatch cover吊物孔盖板head水头headcover顶盖，高压侧盖板Heb-beam large H型钢梁heteropolar machine异极电机Hex.pan nut盘头螺母Hex.pan screw盘头螺钉Hexagonal screw六角头螺栓high pressure side cover顶盖，高压侧盖板hill diagram综合特性曲线hinge part门铰链hinge part to turbine housing机壳铰链hollow-Bunger valve空心锥形泄荷阀hollow-cone valve空心锥形泄荷阀hollow-jet valve空心射流泄荷阀homopolar machine同极电机hook吊耳horizontal shaft 卧轴housing机壳hub转轮体hydraulic efficiency水力效率hydraulic machine 水力机械hydraulic machinery 水力机械设备hydraulic thrust水推力hydroturbine水轮机hydroturbine governor水轮机调速器hysteresis motor磁滞电动机impeller叶轮impeller band叶轮下环impeller band chamber叶轮下环腔impeller band seal叶轮下止漏环impeller blade轮叶impeller blade lever叶轮叶片转臂impeller blade link叶轮叶片连杆impeller blade seal叶轮叶片密封impeller blade servomotor叶轮叶片接力器impeller blade trunnion叶轮叶片枢轴impeller chamber叶轮下环腔impeller cone叶轮引水锥impeller crown叶轮上冠，叶轮后盖板impeller crown chamber叶轮上冠腔impeller crown seal叶轮上止漏环impeller skirt叶轮下环，叶轮前盖板impeller vane叶轮叶片impulse (action) turbine冲击式水轮机incipient cavitation coefficient临界空化系数inclined shaft斜轴inclined-jet turbine斜击式水轮机index method指数法individual单独的induction generator感应发电机induction machine感应电机inductor machine感应子电机initial excitation current初始励磁电流initial preesure初始压力initial speed初始转速injector喷嘴injector housing喷嘴装配inlet measuring section of turbine水轮机进口面积inner guide ring导水内环inner stay cone贯流式座环内锥段I-NP beam工字梁input power 输入功率inside内表面inspection grids to housing机壳检修栅intake pipe配水管路intake ring进口环intermediate shaft中间轴jacking screw顶起螺栓Kaplan turbine轴流转桨式水轮机labyrinth seal迷宫密封left door wing左侧门length长度level 高程lifting lug吊耳limit frequency极限频率load rejection test甩负荷试验load test负载试验low pressure side cover底环，低压侧盖板lower pit下机坑machine axis机组中心线main exciter主励磁机main shaft主轴main shut-off valve主阀maintenance seal检修密封manifold分流管mass质量material 材料maximal operating chill time最大动作间隔时间maximal static head最高静水头maximum flood level校核洪水位maximum head of plant电站最大水头maximum momentary connterrotation蓄能泵最大瞬态反向转速speed of storage pumpmaximum momentary overspeed of turbine水轮机最大瞬态转速maximum momentary pressure of turbine水轮机最大瞬态压力maximum static pressure最大静水压maximum tail water level最高尾水位mean square value均方值mean value平均值mechanical efficiency 机械效率mechanical synchronizing device of导叶机械同步操作机构guide vanesmethod N.R.Gibson压力时间法，吉普逊法Michell-banki turbine双击式水轮机middle solid grain size中值粒径minimum momentary pressure of turbine水轮机最小瞬态压力minimum pool water level最低蓄水位mixed flow turbine斜流式/对角式水轮机mixedflow pump斜流泵，混流泵model模型机model acceptance test模型验收试验model test模型试验momentary pressure variation ratio瞬态压力变化率momentary speed variation ratio瞬态转速变化率motor电动机motor access hatch电动机进人孔motor-generator发电电动机multi-stage machine多级式水力机械Nagler turbine轴流定桨式水轮机needle喷针needle rod喷针杆needle servomotor喷针接力器needle stroke喷嘴开度needle tip喷针头needle valve针形阀needle-deflector link喷针折向器连杆needle-deflector positioner喷针折向器定位装置net head净水头net positive suction head of storage pump 蓄能泵净吸上扬程，空化余量no-discharge head of storage pump蓄能泵零流量扬程no-discharge input power of storage pump蓄能泵零流量功率no-load discharge of turbine水轮机空载流量no-load operating condition空载工况nominal diameter of inlet valve进水阀门公称直径non-regulated machine不可调式水力机械non-salient pole machine隐极电机normal phase reversing自然换相normal pool water level正常蓄水位normal profile公称型线nose vane鼻端固定导叶nozzle喷嘴nozzle assembly喷嘴装配nozzle pipe喷管nozzle shield喷嘴保护罩nozzle tip ring喷嘴口环nut螺母oil cooler油冷却器oil cooling system油冷却系统oil head受油器oil pressure supply unit油压装置oil reservoir油盆oil sump油箱oil supply system供油系统operating condition运行工况operating pressure运行压力optimum efficiency最优效率optimum operating condition最优工况optimum specific speed最优比转速outer guide ring导水外环outer stay cone贯流式座环外锥段outlet measuring section of turbine水轮机出口面积output power 输出功率outside外表面pad-supporting device 分块瓦式导轴承分块瓦支撑装置painting instruction喷漆规范peak to peak value峰-峰值Pelton turbine水斗式水轮机performance curve运转特性曲线performance curve运转特性曲线performance test性能试验period周期permanent magnet machine 永磁电机permanent split capacitor motor电容起动及运行电动机permissible suction height允许吸出高度phase 相位phase angle相位角pier支墩pier nose liner支墩鼻端里衬pilot exciter副励磁机pipe管pit for pit tubular units竖井贯流式机组机坑pit for vertical units立式机组机坑pit liner机坑里衬Pit tubular unit竖井贯流式机组plane angle平面角planimetric average efficiency积分平均效率plant cavitation coefficient电站空化系数plate 2 parts 分块挡板plate to tube管子端板platform检修平台platform检修平台polyphase machine多相电机pony motor小电动机，同轴小电机potential位置水头potential head位置水头power功率power spectral density功率谱频率pressure 压力pressure balancing pipe压力平衡管pressure balancing pipe压力平衡管pressure fluctuation 压力脉动pressure fluctuation test压力脉动试验pressure head压力水头pressure pulsation压力脉动pressure relief valve泄荷阀pressure test耐压试验pressure-time method压力时间法，吉普逊法primer底漆projection plate护板propeller turbine轴流定桨式水轮机prototype原型机pulse operation of frequency converter变频器脉冲运行pump水泵pump diffuser水泵扩散管pump-turbine水泵水轮机radial flow turbine径流式水轮机radial force径向力radial gate弧形闸门radial pump径流泵，离心泵radial-axial flow turbine混流式水轮机rail to service lorry检修小车导轨rails for runner handling car 转轮运输小车导轨rall gauge导轨间距random error随机误差rated discharge额定流量rated head设计水头rated output power of turbine水轮机额定输出功率rated specific speed额定比转速raw毛料reaction turbine反击式水轮机reactor start split phase motor 电抗起动分相电动机reconducting ring回转环reference drawing参考图纸reference duration of operation基准运行时间regulated machine可调式水力机械regulating guarantee调节保证regulating ring控制环relative efficiency相对效率relative error相对误差reluctance motor磁阻电动机remark标记replaceable可更换的resistance start split phase motor电阻起动分相电动机resonance共振resonance共振，谐振return coefficient返回系数return ring回转环return ring vane反导叶，回转环导叶reverse runaway speed of storage pump蓄能泵反向飞逸转速reversible unit可逆式机组right door wing右侧门rim转子rim seal转子环密封rim-generator tubular unit全贯流式机组ring gate圆筒阀，筒形阀ring in two parts(sealing)调整环（2半）rip 筋rms value均方根值roating转动roof plate horizontal水平顶板roof plate inclined斜顶板root-mean-square value 均方根值root-mean-square value of pressure压力脉动均方根值 fluctuationrotational inertia转动惯量rotational speed转速roughness粗糙度round bar钢棒round bar(to hook)吊耳销runaway speed curve飞逸特性曲线runaway speed of turbine水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed operating condition飞逸工况runaway speed test飞逸转速runner转轮体runner band转轮下环runner blade转轮叶片runner bucket水斗runner cart转轮转运车runner chamber转轮腔runner chamber ring转轮室runner cone转轮泄水锥runner crown转轮上冠runner crown baffle减压板，消能板runner crown chamber转轮上冠腔runner crown cover减压板，消能板runner disk转轮轮盘runner hub转轮体runner plate推力轴承转环，镜板runner removal door转轮检修门runner transport door转轮运输门salient pole machine凸极电机salient pole shoe machine实心极靴电机sand erosion泥沙磨损scale ratio比尺Scoop turbine水斗式水轮机sealing strip密封条second step overspeed contact二级过速触点section剖视sectional area过流面积segment bolt膨胀螺栓semi-axial flow adjustable-blad turbine斜流转桨式水轮机semi-axial flow turbine斜流式/对角式水轮机semi-axialflow pump斜流泵，混流泵semi-Kaplan turbine轴流调桨式水轮机service passage检修通道set of weld bracket焊接支架setting elevation安装高程shaded pole motor 罩极电动机shaft销轴shaft torque pulsation 主轴扭矩脉动shell-supporting device筒式导轴承轴瓦支撑装置shim薄垫片sickles舌板side wall侧壁signal recording time信号记录时间similar operating condition相似工况simple harmonic pulsation简谐脉动simple harmonic vibration简谐振动single-phase machine单相电机single-regulated machine单调式水力机械single-stage machine单级式水力机械slip-ring induction motor绕线转子感应电动机solid content含沙量，含沙浓度solid content passing through hydroturbine过机含沙量solid grain size泥沙粒径solid grain size distribution curve粒径级配曲线solid mineral composition泥沙矿物成分specific energy比能specific speed 比转速specific speed of turbine水轮机的转速，比转速specific weight of turbine水的重度speed increaser齿轮增速箱spherical valve圆筒阀，筒形阀spiral case蜗壳split phase motor分相电动机spot faced锪平squirrel cage induction motor笼型感应电动机standard deviation标准偏差starting circuit起动回路starting equipment起动设备starting resistance起动电阻static discharge head of impulse turbine排出高度static frequency converter静止变频器SFCstatic suction head电站吸出高度static suction head of storage pump吸入高度stationary 静止stay ring座环stay vane固定导叶storage pump蓄能泵straight flow turbine贯流式水轮机S-type tubular unit轴伸贯流式/S形机组suction head loss of storage pump蓄能泵吸入扬程损失suction height吸出高度suction tube尾水管，吸入管suction tube cone尾水管锥管，吸入管锥管suction tube elbow尾水管肘管，吸入管肘管suction tube inlet part 尾水管扩散段，吸入管进口段support支架support plate支板support tube支管suspension eye吊耳synchronous machine同步电机systematic error系统误差tack weld点焊tailwater channel导轨通道tandem (ternary) unit串联（三元）机组temporary flow rate瞬时流量test plan检验，试验计划thermodynamic method热力学法thermodynamic temperature热力学温度thickness厚度thickness of trailing edge of a hydraulic profile出水边厚度Thoma number空化系数，托马数Thoma turbine轴流调桨式水轮机threaded bolt螺栓threaded pin螺栓，圆柱头螺钉thrust bearing推力轴承thrust bearing base plate推力轴承基础板thrust bearing roating ring推力轴承转环，镜板thrust bearing support cone推力轴承支架thrust collar推力头thrust pad推力瓦thrust pad support推力瓦支撑time时间tolerance 公差tolerance of profile 型线偏差tolerance on shape形状偏差top上部torque力矩transient过渡过程tube管tubine housing complete水轮机机壳装配tubine housing welded水轮机机壳焊接tubular turbine贯流式水轮机turbine 水轮机turbine housing 水轮机机壳 turbine inlet water passage水轮机进水流道 turbine input power水轮机输入功率turbine mechanical power loss水轮机机械功率损失turbine output power水轮机输出功率turbine output test水轮机功率试验turbine-type machine汽轮型电机Turgo turbine斜击式水轮机two-value capacitor motor双值电容电动机ultrasonic method声学法，超声波法uncertainty of measurement测量不精确度undervoltage start-up降压起动unit机组unit discharge单位流量unit hydraulic thrust单位水推力unit hydraulic torque单位水力矩unit power单位功率unit runaway speed单位飞逸转速unit speed 单位转速unit with gear box有齿轮增速箱的机组unit with speed increaser有齿轮增速箱的机组unit with starting device有起动装置的机组universal motor交直流两用电动机U-profile槽钢upstream上游侧vapour pressure 汽化压力variance方差velocity速度velocity head速度水头vertical shaft立轴vibration振动vibration acceleration振动加速度vibration diplasement振动位移vibration displacement振动位移vibration velocity振动速度view视图volume体积、容积volumetric method容积法walkway走道盖板washer垫圈water guard 挡水环water guard half挡水环分半water guard in two parts 分半挡水环water guard lower下挡水环water guard upper上挡水环water hammer水锤waterlevel水位、高程waviness波浪度wear plates抗磨板，颊板weighted average efficiency加权平均效率weighted average head加权平均水头wheel轮wicket gate导叶wound-rotor induction motor绕线转子感应电动机zero flow condition零流量工况zero speed contact零转速触点。
水轮机专用中英文对照
水轮机、蓄能泵和水泵水轮机的专用中英文对照术语及简单名称解释2一般术语2.1水力机械 hydraulic machinery2.2 水轮机 hydraulic turbine2.3 蓄能泵 storage pump2.4 水泵水轮机 reversible turbine，pump-turbine2.5 旋转方向 direction of rotation2.6 机组 unit2.13立式、卧式和倾斜式机组vertical，horizontal and inclined unit2.14可调式水力机械 regulated hydraulic machinery2.15不可调式水力机械 non-regulated hydraulic machinery2.16主阀 main valve3.1水轮机3.1.1反击式水轮机 reaction turbine3.1.2 混流式水轮机 Francis turbine，mixed-flow turbine3.1.3 轴流式水轮机 axial turbine3.1.4 轴流转桨式水轮机 Kaplan turbine，axial-flow adjustable blad propeller turbine3.1.5 轴流调桨式水轮机 Thoma turbine3.1.6 轴流定桨式水轮机 Propeller turbine3.1.7贯流式水轮机 tubular turbine，through flow turbine3.1.8灯泡式水轮机 bulb turbine3.1.9竖井贯流式水轮机 pit turbine3.1.10全贯流式水轮机 straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit3.1.11轴伸贯流式水轮机（S形水轮机） tubular turbine（S－type turbine）3.1.12 斜流式水轮机 diagonal turbine3.1.13 斜流转桨式水轮机 Deriaz turbine3.1.14斜流定桨式水轮机fixed blade of Deriaz turbine3.1.15冲击式水轮机impuls turbine，action turbine3.1.16水斗式水轮机Pelton turbine，scoop turbine3.1.17斜击式水轮机inclined jet turbine3.1.18双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine3.2蓄能泵3.2.1混流式（离心式）蓄能泵centrifugal storage pump，mixed-flow storage pump 3.2.2轴流式蓄能泵 propeller storage pump，axial storage pump3.2.3斜流式蓄能泵 diagonal storage pump3.2.4多级式蓄能泵 multi-stage storage pump3.3水泵水轮机（又称可逆式水轮机）3.3.1单级水泵水轮机 singal stage pump-turbine3.3.2多级水泵水轮机 multi-stage pump-turbine3.4主阀与阀门3.4.1蝴蝶阀butterfly valve3.4.2 平板蝶阀 biplane butterfly valve，through flow butterfly valve3.4.3 圆筒阀 cylindrical valve，ring gate3.4.4 球阀 rotary valve，spherical valve3.4.5 盘形阀 mushroom valve，hollow-cone valve，howell-Bunger valve3.4.6 针形阀 needle valve3.4.7 旁通阀 by-pass valve3.4.8直空破坏阀 vacuum break valve4结构部件4.1混流式水轮机4.1.1埋入部件 embedded component4.1.2 引水室（turbine）flume4.1.3蜗壳 spiral case4.1.4座环 stay ring4.1.5 固定导叶stay vane4.1.6 蜗壳鼻端 spiral case nose4.1.7基础环 foundation ring，discharge ring4.1.8 尾水管 draft tube4.1.9锥形尾水管 conical draft tube4.1.10肘形尾水管 elbow draft tube4.1.11尾水管锥管 draft tube cone4.1.12尾水管肘管 draft tube elbow4.1.13 尾水管扩散段 draft tube outlet part4.1.14 尾水管支墩 draft tube pier4.1.15 尾水管里衬 draft tube liner4.1.16 机坑里衬 pit liner4.1.17导水机构 distributor4.1.18顶盖 headcover，top cover4.1.19底环 bottom ring，bottom cover4.1.20导叶guide vane，wicket gate4.1.21 控制环 regulating ring，operating ring4.1.22 导叶臂 guide vane lever，wicket gate lever4.1.23 分半键 split key4.1.24 导叶连杆 guide vanelink，wicket gate link4.1.25 导叶过载保护装置 guide vane overload protection device 4.1.26 剪断销 shear pin4.1.27 摩擦装置 friction device4.1.28 导叶轴承 guide vane bearing4.1.29 导叶止推轴承 guide vane thrust bearing4.1.30 导叶轴密封 guide vane stem seal4.1.31 导叶端面密封 guide vane end seal4.1.32 导叶立面密封 guide vane seal4.1.33抗磨板 facing plates，wear plates4.1.34导叶限位块 guide vane stop block4.1.35导叶接力器 guide vane servomotor4.1.36 单导叶接力器 individual guide vane servomotor4.1.37 推拉杆 push and pull rod，connecting rod4.1.38 调速轴 regulating shaft4.1.39 均压管 balance pipe4.1.40 转动部件 rotating component4.1.41 转轮 runner4.1.42 叶片 blade4.1.43 上冠 crown4.1.44 下环 band4.1.45 泄水锥 runner cone4.1.46 转轮密封装置 runner seal4.1.47 转轮止漏环 runner wearing ring4.1.48 固定止漏环 stationary wearing ring4.1.49 转轮减压板 decompression plate4.1.50 主轴 main shaft4.1.51 导轴承 guide bearing4.1.52 轴领 guide bearing collar4.1.53 轴瓦 guide bearing shoe4.1.54 轴承体 guide bearing housing4.1.55 主轴密封装置 main shaft seal4.1.56 检修密封 stand still seal4.1.57 联轴螺栓 coupling bolt4.2 轴流式水轮机和斜流式水轮机。
水轮机系统PPT
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水轮机额定出力：
水轮机在额定流量、额定水头、额定效 率下的出力。
水轮发电组状态检测系统：
实时在线监测水轮发电机组各部位运行 状态的测量系统。
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振动：
机组各部件指定点相对于平衡位置随时 间的往复位移变化。
摆度：
水轮发电机组主轴某部位相对于该部位 邻近固定部件的径向振动，又称轴相对振动 。
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水导冷却采用2 台螺杆泵进行外循 环冷却，水导冷却 水额定流量为 200L/min，水导外 循环油流量为 145L/min。
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9、状态监测系统
北京奥技异电气技术研究所有限公司 PSTA2003状态监测及趋势分析系统。 系统完成振动、摆度、压力脉动等信号的 实时高密度整周期采集，并进行振动幅值、 摆度、压力脉动及其各信号频率成分幅值和 相位的实时计算。
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顶盖排水自 流排水孔设在 蜗壳鼻端。
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水轮机设有两个 油压操作、双作 用直缸接力器。 主接力器配有自 动锁锭；副接力 器配有手动锁锭 。
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3、工作部分
上冠 下环 转轮叶片 15片 泄水锥 止漏环 泄压孔
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4、泄水部分
尾水管 在水轮机尾水管上设置两个取 水口作为机组技术供水主水源，取 水量为1600m3/h。在取水口下游 侧设一排水口作为技术供水排水出 口。
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压力钢管充水：
机械检修工作票已注销； 将导叶全关，投入接力器自动锁锭； 尾水门已提起； 检查进水口工作门在全关位置； 检查空气围带手动在投； 检查风闸手动加用正常； 检查顶盖排水泵在“自动”位置
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通知检修闸门班全提检修门； 提起进水口快速闸门充水阀； 派专人检查压力钢管排气情况，检查监视 蜗壳压力表，记录充水时间。如遇异常，必 要时，关闭充水阀，启动机组排水； 待工作门平压后（检查排气管无排气、闸 门室无水响后），全提快速闸门至全开。
水轮发电机专业词汇
水轮发电机专业词汇T urbine，Hydraulic turbine, water turbine水轮机rated net head,额定水头max net head,最高水头min net head,最低水头rated discharge,额定流量rated output,额定出力rated speed,额定转速max runaway speed,飞逸转速submergence,吸出高度spiral case assembly,蜗壳装配distributor，导水机构governing system,调速机构main guide bearing,导轴承main shaft seal,主轴密封opening，开度runner hub assembly，转动机构draft tube，尾水管draft tube cone，尾水锥管elbow bend，肘管stay ring，座环bottom ring，基础环anchorage，锚具、锚地head cover，顶盖runner hub，转子体blade 叶片turbine shaft，水机轴main shaft主轴spiral case，蜗壳wicket gate，stay vane，固定导叶guide vane,活动导叶bottom ring，底环runner crown，上冠runner band，下环pressure side of blade，叶片正弧suction side of blade，叶片背弧guide vane sleeve,导叶套筒regulating ring，控制环runner,转轮runner diameter 转轮直径runner blade，转轮叶片discharge ring，runner housing，转轮室governor，speed governor调速器pedestal,底座（接力器）governing shaft,调速轴push-pull rod,推拉杆guide bearing,导轴承rotating sump,转动油盆bearing shell,轴承体bearing pad,轴瓦cooler assembly,冷却器装配vacuum break valve,真空破坏阀dewatering valve,盘型阀servomotor，接力器servomotor cylinder，接力器缸embedded parts，埋入件generator,发电机stator，定子rotor转子coil，线圈，绕组energizing coil，励磁线圈stator core，定子铁芯stator winding，定子绕组bus，母线switchboard，配电盘governor，调速器upper bracket,上机架lower bracket,下机架Air coolers,空气冷却器main shaft,主轴upper cover,端盖lower air guide cover,下挡风板Jack,千斤顶guide bearing,导轴承taper pin,定位销oil cooler,油冷却器guide bearing shoe,导轴瓦brake，制动器foundation of generator,发电机基础grounding brush,接地碳刷collector ring 集电环brush 电刷lead，引出线control cabinet，控制柜valve，阀门butterfly valve，蝶阀manual，automatic，hydraulic，手动，自动，液压pump，泵Powerhouse&Equipment 厂房Power plant发电厂hydro power plant，HPP 水电站Water turbine generator ，hydro generator水轮发电机main power house，主厂房generator floor，发电机层turbine floor，水轮机层auxiliary powerhouse，副厂房erection bay，安装间cable room,电缆室ventilation room,通风机房high voltage test room,高压试验室Service powers switchgear,厂用配电装置high voltage panel room,高压盘柜室Central control room,中控室relay protection room,继电保护室Dam 坝coffer，cofferdam 围堰Gate 闸门crane 起重机V ertical lathe立车horizontal lathe 卧车Boring 铣床machining center，加工中心Auxiliary system,辅助设备系统governor cubicle/cabinet，调速器柜oil pressure tank，压力油罐air compressor，空压机extinguisher，灭火器lighting equipment，照明设备submersible pump，潜水泵water filter,滤水器vertical pump,立式泵Oil pump,油泵dry type submersible pump,干式潜水泵Switch box,照明箱precision filter,精密过滤器sector gate，弧型闸门fixed wheel plane gate，定轮平面闸门trash rack，拦污栅sill，底坎main guide，主轨auxiliary guide，副轨reverse guide，反轨side guide，侧轨lintel，门楣seal，水封wire rope hoist，固定卷扬机hydraulic hoist，液压启闭机bridge crane，桥机gantry crane，门机tower crane，塔吊tool for lifting 吊装工具hydraulic jack液压千斤顶Others 其它Tubular 贯流Bulb turbine灯泡贯流Francis混流Kaplan轴流Impulse 冲击Pump-turbine水泵Cavitation 气蚀welding，焊接Casting，铸造Babbitt metal，巴氏合金Guide vane，导叶cavitation，气蚀、空化。
水轮机词汇（1）
水轮机词汇（1）Aaccess door 检修门accessory 附件、零件accuracy 准确性、精密度acting head 有效水头action turbine 冲击式水输机action wheel 主动轮、冲击式水轮active power 有功功率Adjustable and fixed-blade propeller hydraulic turbine 轴流式水轮机adjustable blade propeller turbine 轴流转浆式水轮机adjustable bolt 调整螺栓adjustable clearance 可调间隙adjustable ring 控制环adjusting nut 调整螺母adjusting screw 校正螺丝、调整螺丝air conduit 通风道、风管air cooler 空气冷却器air cooling system 气冷系统air currant 气流air cylinder 气缸air draft 通风道、排气道air inlet 进气口air-inlet valve 进气阀门air-release valve 放气阀门air valve 空气阀、气阀、气门annual energy output 年发电量applied hydraulics 实用水力学applied mechanics 应用力学assemble 装配assembler 装配工assembler drawing 装配图assembly shop 装配车间automatic control 自动控制automatic control valve 自动控制阀automatic governor 自动调速器automatic pressure reducing valve自动减压阀automatic regulation (autoregulation) 自动调节auxiliary apparatus 辅助设备auxiliary equipment 辅助设备auxiliary machinery 辅助机械auxiliary station 辅电厂、辅厂房available capacity 有效容量available discharge (flow) 可用流量available head 可用水头available hydraulic head 有效水头available power 可用出力available storage 有效库容average flow 平均流量average head 平均水头average over-all efficiency 平均总效率average speed 平均速率、平均转速average velocity 平均速度axis 轴线axial cam 轴向凸轮axial flow 轴流axial flow hydraulic turbine轴流式水轮机axial force 轴向力axial inflow velocity 轴向流入速度BBabbitt 巴氏合金Back view 后视图Ball bearing 滚珠轴承、球轴承Banki turbine 双击式水轮、彭基式水轮机Base 基础、基线Base flow 基本流量Base level 基准面Base line(basic line) 基线、底线Bearing 轴承Bearing pad 钨金轴承Bearing body 轴承体Bearing flange 轴承法兰Bearing ring 轴承套圈Blade 叶片Blade seal ring 叶片密封装Bolt 螺栓Bolt pin 螺栓销Bottom cover 底盖Bottom outlet 泄水底孔Bottom view 底视图Brake 制动闸、制动器Brake horse power(B.H.P.) 制动马力Bucket（浇混凝土的）吊桶、（冲击式水轮机的）水斗Bulb tubular turbine 灯泡型贯流式水轮机Buried depth 埋设深度Buried penstock 埋藏式压力水管Butterfly valve 蝴蝶阀by-pass 支流，溢流渠，旁通管by-pass tunnel 旁通隧洞by-pass valve 旁通阀CCage screen 笼形拦污栅Cam 凸轮Calculated flow rate 计算流量Capacity 容量，功率cast-iron 铸铁，生铁cast-steel 铸钢cavitation 汽蚀cavitation coefficient 汽蚀系数cement 水泥centrifugal nozzle 离心式喷嘴centrifuge 离心机chamber 室characteristic curve 特性曲线circulate circulation 循环，环流circulating current 环流circulating pipe 循环水管clearance 间隙，余隙，空隙clearance leakage 间隙漏水clearance loss 间隙损失coarse rack 粗格拦污栅coefficient of percolation 渗透系数coefficient of roughness 粗糙系数、糙率concrete dam 混凝土坝conduit (conduit pipe) 输水道connecting bar 连接杆connecting bolt 连接螺栓connecting lever 连接杆connecting link 连杆connecting rod 连接杆constant-pressure turbine 冲击式水轮机control mechanism 控制机构control ring 控制环control valve 控制阀control valve dial 控制阀指度盘convey tunnel 输水隧洞conveyance channel 输水渠conveyer 输送机covered way 廊道covering 复盖物，套，罩crest discharge 洪峰流量，过顶流量critical depth of flow (water) 临界水深critical flow 临界流量critical head 临界水头cross-flow turbine 双击式水轮机cross-head 操作架current meter 流速仪current off water 水流DDaily output 日产量Deflector 折向器Degree of accuracy 准确度Degree of hardness 硬度Demand curve 需（水、电）量曲线Deriaz turbine 斜流式水轮机，德利埃兹式水轮机Design drawing (design paper) 设计图纸Design flow 设计流量Detail drawing 细节图，零件图Diagonal flow turbine 斜流式水轮机Discharge 流量，设计流量Distributing net (distribution network) 配水网，配电网Distribution substation 配电（变电）所Draft tube 尾水管draft-tube gate 尾水闸门drain pipe 排水管drain valve 排水阀drive shaft bearing 主动轴轴承driven shaft 从动轴driving gear 传动齿轮，主动齿轮driving mechanism 传动机构driving shaft 主动轴EEddy 涡流，漩涡Eddy loss 涡流损失Effective flow 有效流量Effective (net) head 有效水头efficiency 效率efficiency hill 等效率图efficiency of transmission 传递效率，输电效率efficiency test 效率试验elbow 弯头，弯管electric circuit 电路electric circuit 电流electric installation 电气装置，electric mains 主电线，输电干线electric power plant 发电厂electric power station 发电站electric welding 电焊electrical equipment 电气设备electrical installation 电气安装，电气设备electrical power 电力electrical power transmission 电力输送end view 端视图engine 发动机，引擎engine shaft发动机轴erecting shop 装配间erection 架设，安装erection diagram装配图，安装图Excite (v.) Excitation (n.) 励磁Exciter 励磁机Exciting coil 励磁线圈FFpm (foot per minute) 每分钟尺数ft-LB 尺磅field test 现场试验field work 现场工作，野外工作fitter 装配工fitting 配件，装配fixed blade propeller turbine 轴流定浆式水轮机flange 法兰，凸缘flanged connection 法兰联接flow 流，水流，流量flow curve 流量曲线flow line 流线flow line production 流水作业法foot (feet) 脚，尺foot screw 底脚螺丝Francis turbine 混流式水轮机，法兰西斯水轮机Front view 前视图，正面图GGear, pinion 齿轮Gear shift 变速器Gear shift housing 变速箱General drawing 总图General layout 总体布置Generator 发电机generator eotor 发电机转子generator shaft 发电机轴generator stator 发电机定子gland 压盖governing 管理，调节，调速governor 调节器，调速器gross area 总面积gross head 总水头gross power 总功率gross weight 毛重guide apparatus 导水机构guide bearing 导轴承guide beating bracket 导轴承托架guide ring 导环guide spindle 导轴guide spindle bearing 导轴轴承guide vane 导叶guide vane arm 导叶拐臂guide-vane channel 导叶流道guide vane lever 导叶臂杆guide vane opening 导叶开度guide wheel 导轮HHead cover 顶盖Horizon 地平线Horizontal 水平的Horizontal axis 横轴，水平轴Horizontal engine 卧式发动机Horizontal shaft 水平轴，横轴Horizontal turbine 卧式水轮机Horse power 马力Housing 机壳Hydraulic 水的，水力的，液压的Hydraulic bore 水力钻孔Hydraulic characteristic 水力特性hydraulic design 水力计算，水力设计hydraulic development 水力开发hydraulic efficiency 水力效率hydraulic engineering 水利工程hydraulic generator 水轮机发电机hydraulic loss 水力损失hydraulic machinery 水力机械hydraulic power 水力，水能hydraulic power plant 水力发电厂hydraulic radius 水力半径hydraulic turbine 水轮机hydro-power 水力hydroelectric 水电的hydroelectric board 水电局hydroelectric plant 水电厂，水电站IImpeller 叶轮Impeller blade 叶轮叶片Impulse 脉冲，冲击Impulse turbine 冲击式水轮机Inlet elbow 喷管Input 进量，入量，输入量Input power 输入功率Install (Vt.) 安装Installation (n.) 安装，设备Installation diagram 安装图Installation work 安装工程Installed capacity 装机容量Instruction book 说明书JJet 喷射，射流jet barker 射流制动器jet deflector 射流折向器jet diameter 射流直径jet nozzle 喷嘴KKaplan turbine 轴流转浆式水轮机，卡普兰式水轮机Key 键，钥匙key slot 键槽Kilogram (kg.) 公斤，千克Kilometer (km.) 公里，千米Kilowatt (kW.) 千瓦LLabyrinth 迷宫Labyrinth seal ring 迷宫止漏环Layout 定线，绘样，设计，布置，规划Level 水位，水平面Lined 有衬砌的Liner 轴瓦，衬套，衬砌Link 连杆Link arm 连杆臂Link pin 联节销Long ton 长吨，英吨（=2240磅=1.016吨）Longitudinal axis 纵轴lube-oil, lubricating 润滑油lubricant grease 润滑脂lubricator 加油器，油杯，油壶MMachine 机器Machinery 机械Machining 机加工Main 主要的，总的；总渠，干线Main bearing 主轴承Main drain 总排水管Main driving wheel 主动轮Main generating room 主发电机室Main machine hall 主厂房Main shaft 主轴Main steam 干流，主流Main valve 主阀Master control room 中央控制室Master link 主连杆Master plan 总体规划Master switch 总开关Maximum flow 最大流量Maximum head 最高水头Maximum headwater 上游最高水位Maximum output 最大出力，最大功率Maximum permissible revolution 最大许可转数Maximum revolution 最大转数Mechanical efficiency 机械效率Minimum clearance 最小间隙Minimum diameter 最小直径Minimum flow 最小流量Minimum head 最小水头Mixed flow turbine 混流式水轮机Model 模型model test 模型试验motor 发动机，电动机，马达movable propeller turbine 轴流转浆式水轮机NNail 钉子Needle 喷针Needle stem 喷针杆nozzle 喷嘴nozzle diameter 喷嘴直径nut 螺帽，螺母Ooil 油，石油oil can 油壶oil casing 油箱oil channel 油槽oil circuit 油路oil circuit breaker 油断路器，油开关oil collector 集油装置oil distributor 受油器oil filter 滤油器oil pressure 油压力oil pressure supply system 油压装置oil pressure gage 油压计oil pump 油泵oil supply line 操作油管，供油线oil valve 油阀operating characteristic 运行特性operating condition 运行情况，运行条件operating efficiency 运行效率operating lever 操纵杆operating mechanism 操作机械operating valve 操作阀outlet valve 泄水阀outlet work 泄水工程output 产量，出力，输出output loss 产量损失，出力损失output power 输出功率output design 总体设计overall dimension 总尺寸，外形尺寸overall efficiency 总效率overall height 总高度overall length 全长overpressure turbine 反击式水轮机PPacking box 填料箱Packing box cover 填料箱盖Packing gland 压垫盖Parts 部分，零件Peak 峰，最高点，洪峰，峰荷Peak flow 洪峰流量Peak load 峰荷Pelton turbine 水斗式水轮机，贝尔顿式水轮机Penstock 压力钢管Percentage of speed rise 转速上升率Percentage of speed drop 转速下降率Percentage of pressure rise 压力上升率Performance 性能，运行Performance measurement 性能测定，工况测定Periphery 园周Pilot bearing 导轴承Pin 销，针Pin hole 销孔pipe, piping 管子，管路pit liner 机坑里衬pitometer 毕托管测压器pitot tube 毕托管power input 输入功率power loss 功率损失power plant 动力设备，电厂，电站power supply 动力供应，电源，供电pressure regulator 调压阀pressure turbine 反击式水轮机propeller 推进器，螺旋浆propeller blade 螺旋浆叶pump水泵pump capacity 水泵出水率pump output 抽水量push and pull rod 推拉杆Rradial-axial flow turbine 混流式水轮机radial direction 径向radial distance 径向距离radial flow 幅向流radial flow turbine 幅向轴流式水轮机radial inward flow 径向内流radial outward flow 径向外流rate （比）率，价格rate of change 变化率rate of discharge 流量rate of flow 流量rate of speed 速率rated capacity 额定容量rated head 额定水头rated horse power 额定马力rated load 额定负荷rated output 额定出力rated power 额定功率rated specific speed 额定比转速rated speed 额定转速rated voltage 额定电压reaction 反作用reaction turbine 反击式水轮机reaction water wheel 反击式水轮receiver 贮气筒relief valve 安全阀，减压阀reversible motor 可逆电动机reversible pump turbine 可逆式水泵水轮机revolution 旋转，转数revolution counter 转数表Revolution per minute (r.p.m) 每分钟转数Reynold's number 雷诺数Ring 环，圈River 江，河River bed 河床River fall 河流落差River level 河水位Rivet 铆钉Rocker arm 转臂Roller bearing 滚柱轴承Rotary 旋转的Rotary displacement pump 回转容积泵Rotary motion 旋转运动Rotary pump 回转泵Rotary shaft 转动轴Rotary valve 球形阀，旋转阀Rotor 转子Run 跑，流动，流程，运转run-of-river plant 巡流式水电站run-off 巡流runaway speed 飞逸转速runner （水轮机的）转轮runner band 下环runner blade 轮叶runner casing 转轮外壳runner chamber 转轮室runner cone 泄水锥runner crown 上冠runner housing 转轮室runner hub 转轮体runner seal ring 转轮止水环SSafe range 安全范围Safety valve 安全阀Schematic 概略的，简要的Schematic drawing 示意图Scheme 方案，格式，简图Screw 螺丝，螺旋，螺钉Screw driver 螺丝起子Screw pump 螺旋泵Seal 止水，密封，填缝Seal coat 防水层Seal ring 封水环，止水环Sealing 止水，密封，填缝Section 段，部分，剖面，截面Sectional 分段的，局部的，截面的Sectional area 截面积Sectional drawing 截面图Sectional view 断面图，剖视图servo-motor 接力器servo-motor piston 接力器活塞shaft 轴skin 表皮skin area 表面积skin friction 表面磨擦specific 特殊的，专用的specific gravity 比重specific speed 比转速specific weight 比重specifications 规范，规格，说明书specimen 试件，样品，范本，标本speed 速度，速率，转速speed adjustment 转速调正speed change 转速变化speed change box 变速箱speed-control mechanism 转速控制机构speed governor 调速器speed ratio 转速比speed regulator 调速器speed ring 调速环speed-rise 转速升高speedometer 速度计，里程计spherical valve 球形阀spindle 心轴spiral 螺线，螺旋spiral case (casing) 蜗壳standard 标准standard specifications 标准规范static draft head 吸出高度static suction head 吸出高度stator（发电机）定子stay 支撑，停留stay ring （水轮机）座环stay vane（水轮机）固定导叶stay-vane ring 固定导叶环suspension bearing 轴承TTable 表，目录Tapping 攻螺丝Technology 工艺学Thrust bearing 推力轴承Top plate 顶盖Transformer 变压器Transmission case 传动箱Transmission line 输电线Transmission loss 传递损失，输电损失Transmission shaft 传动轴Tube tubing 管，管路Tubular 管状，筒形Tubular turbine 贯流式水轮机Turbine 水轮机，涡轮，透平Turbine cavitation factor 水轮机汽蚀系数Turbine dynamometer 水轮机测功机Turbine efficiency 水轮机效率Turbine head cover 水轮机顶盖Turbine inlet bend 水轮机进水弯管Turbine shaft 水轮机轴Twin water turbine 双转轮水轮机Type 型，类型，型号U Undershot water wheel 下击式水轮机Unit discharge 单位流量Unit power 单位功率Unit speed 单位转速VVacuum break valve 真空破坏阀Valve 阀Vane 叶片，轮叶variable speed 变速variable velocity 变速，变速度Venturi meter 文德里流量计Venturi tube 文德里管vertical view 立视图vibrating table 震动台vibration proof 防震view 图，视图volt 伏特，伏voltmeter 伏特计，电压表voltage 电压，伏特数voltage adjuster 电压调整器volumetric efficiency 容积效率WWasher 垫圈Water circulation 水循环Water discharge 排水量Water filter 滤水器Water inlet 进水口Water level 水位，水准Water outlet 出水口Water power 水力，水能Water power engineering 水力发电工程Water project 水利工程Water proof 防水Water seal joint 止水缝Water sealing 止水，防漏，防渗Water turbine 水轮机Water turbine generator set 水轮机电机表Water wheel 水轮，水车Watt 瓦，瓦特watt hour 瓦（特小）时watt meter 瓦特计working drawing 制图表，加工图worm and sector steering device 蜗杆与扇形齿轮转向装置worm wheel dial 蜗轮标度盘汉英对照水轮机专业术语分类目录序号名称备注S-1 水轮机型式S是"水轮机"一词的汉语S-2 水轮机特性拼音的第一个字母S-3 水轮机工作参数S-4 水轮机结构S-5 水轮机辅助设备S-1 水轮机型式S-1-1 水轮机water turbine, HydraulicturbineS-1-2 反击式水轮机reaction turbine, Overpressure turbine, Pressure turbineS-1-3 混流式水轮机Francis turbine,Radial-axial flow turbine, Mixed flow turbineS-1-4 轴流式水轮机axial flow hydraulicturbineS-1-5 轴流转浆式水轮机Kaplan turbine,Movable blade propeller turbine, Adjustableblade propeller TurbineS-1-6 轴流定浆式水轮机propeller turbine,Fixed blade propeller TurbineS-1-7 斜流式水轮机diagonal flow turbine,Deriaz turbineS-1-8贯流式水轮机tubular turbine,S-1-9灯泡型贯流式水轮机bulb tubularturbineS-1-10冲击式水轮机impulse turbine,Action turbine, Constant-pressure turbineS-1-11水斗式水轮机pelton turbine,Impulse turbineS-1-12双击式水轮机cross-flow turbine, Banki turbine S-1-13可逆式水轮机reversible pump turbineS-1-14双转轮水轮机twin water turbineS-1-15转轮型号runner typeS-2 水轮机特性S-2-1 单位流量unit discharge, unit flowS-2-2 单位功率unit power, unit outputS-2-3 单位转率unit speedS-2-4 水轮机效率turbine efficiencyS-2-5 水力效率hydraulic efficiencyS-2-6 机械效率mechanical efficiencyS-2-7 容积效率volumetric efficiencyS-2-8 汽蚀cavitationS-2-9 汽蚀系数cavitation factor, cavitation coefficientS-2-10 轴向力axial forceS-2-11 比转速specific speedS-3S-3-1 最高水头maximum headS-3-2 平均水头average head, mean headS-3-3 最低水头minimum headS-3-4 水轮机流量rate of flow, discharge S-3-5 设计流量rated flow (discharge)S-3-6 水轮机功率output, capacity,horsepowerS-3-7 额定功率（出力）rated power (output)S-3-8 最大功率（出力）maximum power(output)S-3-9 额定转速rated speedS-3-10 飞逸转速runaway speedS-3-11 转速上升率percentage of speed riseS-3-12 转速下降率percentage of speeddropS-3-13 压力上升率percentage of pressureriseS-3-14 吸出高度static draft head, Staticsuction headS-3-15 射流直径jet diameterS-3-16 喷嘴直径nozzle diameterS-4 水轮机结构S-4-1 机座housingS-4-2 转轮runnerS-4-3 轮叶runner vane (blade)S-4-4 斗叶bucketS-4-5 上冠runner crownS-4-6 下环runner bandS-4-7 泄水锥runner cone, draft coneS-4-8 主轴main shaftS-4-9 主轴承main bearingS-4-10 导轴承guide bearingS-4-11 轴承体bearing housingS-4-12 轴瓦bearing padS-4-13 毕托管piton tubeS-4-14 填料箱packing housing (box)S-4-15 填料箱盖packing housing (box) coverS-4-16 压垫盖packing glandS-4-17 导水机构guide apparatusS-4-18 导叶guide vaneS-4-19 导叶臂guide vane leverS-4-20 连杆linkS-4-21 转臂rocker armS-4-22 控制机构control mechanismS-4-23 顶盖head cover, Top plateS-4-24 底环bottom coverS-4-25 止漏环（迷宫环）labyrinth sealS-4-26 控制环control ring, Adjustable ring S-4-27 接力器servo-motorS-4-28 接力器活塞servo-motor pistonS-4-29 蜗壳spiral casingS-4-30 座环stay ring, speed ringS-4-31 固定导叶stay vaneS-4-32 叶片密封装置blade seal ringS-4-33 尾水管draft tubeS-4-34 机坑里衬pit linerS-4-35 转轮体runner hubS-4-36 转轮室runner housingS-4-37 操作架cross-headS-4-38 受油器oil distributorS-4-39 操作油管，供油线oil supply lineS-4-40 水斗bucketS-4-41 喷管inlet elbowS-4-42 喷嘴nozzleS-4-43 喷针needleS-4-44 喷针杆needle stemS-4-45 折向器deflector ,jet deflectorS-4-46 射流制动器jet barkerS-4-47 蝴蝶阀butterfly valveS-4-48 球形阀rotary valve, spherical valve S-5水轮机辅助设备S-5-1 调速器governor, regulatorS-5-2 油压装置oil pressure supply system S-5-3 集油装置oil collectorS-5-4 滤水器water filterS-5-5 调压阀pressure regulatorS-5-6 空气阀air valveS-5-7 真空破坏阀vacuum break valveS-5-8旁通阀by-pass valve。
水轮机调速系统
9、回油：用于机械动作或润滑的油中回集到回油箱 中的那部分油。 10、指令信号：在调速系统外部输入的调节信号。 11、反馈：是将系统或环节的输出信号再引回输入 的过程。 12、调速器的静特性：（调速系统静态特性）在平 衡状态下，机组转速和接力器行程之间的关系。 （因转速与频率是对应的，因而实际上也有用频 率与接力器行程的关系来表示。） 13、无差调节静特性：静特性曲线与横轴平行，就 是说机组从空载到满载的所有稳定运行情况下， 转速总是回到原来的额定值。 。
28、辅助接力器：用自动控制阀分配的压力油动作 的接力器，它操作主配压阀。 29、控制环：是一个可以转动的环状部件，通过连 杆、拐臂与环相连，将接力器的力和动作分配给 所有的活动导叶。 30、扰动：在自动调节系统中，总是存在着若干促 使被调节参数偏离给定值的干扰因素，这些干扰 因素称为扰动。 31、机械转动：利用皮带、轴、齿轮等机械零件的 传动装置来进行功率和动作的传递系统。 32调速系统的工作容量：在额定油压下，主接力器 走完一次全行程所做的功。
4、水轮机调速器分那几种类型？调速器型号的含义 是什么？ 答：水轮机调节系统是比较复杂的，因此产生了各 种不同类型的调速器。 按照测速元件的不同型式，可分为机械液压型调速 器（简称机调）、电气液压型（简称电液）调 速器和微机调速器。 按调节流量的操作方式不同可分为单调和双调两类 。如混流式和轴流定桨式水轮机，只采用改变 导叶开度的方法来调节流量叫单调；而轴流转 桨式水轮机采用改变导叶开度同时改变转轮叶 片角度的方法来调节流量，此种方法叫双调； 冲击式水轮机在改变喷针行程的同时，还采用 协联动作改变折向器开度的方法调节流量，也 叫双调。
43、卸荷阀：是在一定条件下，能使液压泵卸荷的 阀。 卸荷阀通常是一个带二位二通阀(常为电磁 阀)的溢流阀,功能是不卸荷时用作设定系统(油泵 )主压力,当卸荷状态时(靠二位二通阀动作转换) 压力油直接反回油箱,系统压力为0.值以实现一些 回路控制和提高油泵寿命,减少功耗.在回路中属 于并入回路的。减压阀用于调整执行元件所需压 力,是串联在回路中的，一般不能互换使用。 44、安全阀：进口蒸汽或气体侧介质静压超过其起 座压力整定值时能突然全开的自动泄压阀门。是 锅炉及压力容器防止超压的重要安全部件。
水轮发电机英语词汇
Shutdown actuating protection停机联动保护Protection actuation for generator-transformer set 发变组保护联动引出压板Outlet connecting strip矩阵插点Matrix pin 失磁低阻抗field - loss low impedance 开相闭锁open - phase block 95% 定子接地保护95% protection against stator earth fault转子一点接地保护rotor - one point earth protection 220KV侧CT补偿变流器变比：0.43/1 Transformation ratio of CT compensated current transformer on 220KV side：0.43/1发电机侧CT补偿变流器变比：3.72/1 Transformation ratio of generator CT compensated current transformer ：3.72/1 椭圆率ellipticity Connecting strip 压板YH=voltage transformer Steel gasket钢纸垫Disconnectors隔离刀闸earthing blades接地刀闸Hoist电动葫芦，卷扬schematic diagram 示意图dotted line block虚线框restrain excitation inrush current 抑制励磁涌流weight balance "hammer"重操作箱锤bevel wedge斜楔air admission hole进气口single-side gap单边间隙trial operation试运行Bulkhead防水壁one and half breakers一个半断流器（接线方式）percussive drilling冲击钻探Storage battery电瓶6.3KV busbar supplies service power of plant（6.3KV）母线供应厂用电Oil head受油器oil receiver油罐air receiver 储气罐Stop valve截止阀check valve止回阀non-return valve逆止阀gate valve闸阀Nameplate (data plate)铭牌rated value整定值generator longitudinal differential protection发电机纵差保护变比=电流变化比例系数current change proportion coefficient/ transformation radio 防水门bulkhead gate 架平台erect the necessary scaffold；scaffold脚手架国电东北公司人力资源部主任Section Chief of Human Resources of Northeast Branch of National Power Corporation 厂长directorput in service in grid并网发电=operate in grid=incorporate in power network zero-initial step-up voltage test零起升压试验SCR silicon controlled rectifier 可控硅visual annunciator(alarm)光字牌integrate theory with practice理论联系实际Impulse Closing Test for Main Transformer= closing switches at the high voltage side and supply power for main transformer. 合脉冲变试验breach破裂，裂口standby diesel generating unit, bottom gates MS6 (lifting& lowering), work out制定To adjust operation mode of system and equipment to achieve safe, stable and economic operation. To execute weekly program of changing-over operation modes of equipment, Vaseline 凡士林petroleum jelly (=petrolatum)凡士林油, 矿油,石油膏on load带负荷starting under load带负荷起动connect in parallel并联measure insulation摇绝缘wind tunnel/ channel风洞flexible circuit conductor软接手earth dam土坝penstock水渠surge tank浪涌槽tailrace 尾水irrigation canal灌溉渠step-up substation递升变电站switchyard开关站quadrate方形的reinforced concrete加固混凝土attached drawing附图water intake进水power generation(generate electricity)发电irrigation-discharging pipe灌溉排水管, at the intake of the penstock水渠入口, air hole气孔vertical-cylindrical type立柱式Pressure steel pipe压力钢管emergency gate快速门trash rack拦污栅Water sump and drainage equipment集水和排水设备on the left of the powerhouse. Operating oil tank操作油箱insulate oil system绝缘油系统sidewall边墙，侧壁overhead transmission line变送线sigle-busbar connection单母线接线The two units are directly connected with 6.3KV busbar, the voltage stepped up to 34.5KV through an transformer, and linked up with local power system through transformer lines.Hand-operated standby unit手动备用机组Dynamic water动态水prevent the aggravation of the accident防止事故恶化the state of overhauling大修状态hydraulic turbine-generator unit and auxiliary equipment水轮发电机组和附属设备synchronous generator同步发电机/ 配套发电机parameter参数runner diameter转轮直径efficiency效率guarantee保证range of steadyoperating稳定运行范围maximum guaranteed output最大保证出力in no-load以空载inlet pipe进水管distributor导水机构draft tube尾水管hydroenergy (potential energy and kinetic energy)水流的能量(位能和动能) transform into转换成mechanical energy机械能(pl) 用法说明Full directions inside内附详细说明书couples with同…联接can achieve to startup or stop unit, incorporate in power network, add or reduce load.能实现开机、并网、增减负荷和停机。
水轮机出力名词解释
水轮机出力名词解释
水轮机出力是指水轮机在单位时间内所产生的功率或能量输出。
它通常用于描述水轮机的性能和工作能力。
水轮机是一种将水流动能转化为机械能的装置，它通过水流驱动叶片或桨叶旋转，从而驱动发电机或其他机械设备。
水轮机的出力取决于多个因素，包括水轮机的设计、水流的流量和落差、转子的转速等。
水轮机出力可以以不同的方式进行表示。
以下是一些常见的水轮机出力名词解释：
1. 额定出力（Rated Output）：水轮机在设计条件下能够持续输出的功率或能量。
额定出力是水轮机性能参数的重要指标，它反映了水轮机设计的最大工作能力。
2. 实际出力（Actual Output）：水轮机在实际运行条件下所产生的功率或能量输出。
实际出力可以受到多种因素的影响，如水源变化、负荷变化、机械损失等。
3. 净出力（Net Output）：水轮机在发电过程中所产生的可利用功率或能量。
净出力通常是指扣除水轮机自身运行所需能量后的净输出能量。
4. 毛出力（Gross Output）：水轮机在发电过程中所产生的总功率或能量。
毛出力包括水轮机自身运行所需能量。
这些术语可以根据具体情境和使用环境而有所差异，但它们都是描述水轮机功率或能量输出的常见术语。
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CN EN安装高程setting elevation安全阀safe valve安装图wiring layout Installation diagram按合同in accordance with contract布置图arrangement plan比转速specific speed比例增益proportional gain补气air admission/air supply补气装置air supply device电压器transformer本图只供电this drawing is for design reference备用16件spare parts 16 pieces标准件standard components不可调式水non-regulated hydraulic machinery 冲击式水轮impuls turbine操作架crosshead初生空化系incipient cavitation factor初始压力initial pressure尺寸图dimensional drawing××尺寸暂the measurements of ×× is tentative出厂workshop初步设计preliminary design侧视Side-view测速装置speed senser测压管pipe of measuring pressure测频单元frequency senser厂房地平ground导水机构distributor垫圈washer顶盖headcover top cover底环bottom ring导水机构distributor导叶guide vane导叶臂guide vane lever rocker arm导叶连杆guide vane link导叶过载保guide vane overload protection device 导叶止推轴guide vane thrust bearing导叶轴承guide vane bearing导叶轴guide vane shaft导叶销guide vane pin导叶轴套guide vane bushings导叶轴密封guide vane stem seal导叶端面密guide vane end seal导叶立面密guide vane seal导叶限位块guide vane stop 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customised方头短圆柱square set screws with short dog point and coneend 放水阀drain valve放水旋塞drain cock放水管盖offlet cover发电机generator孤立运行isolated operation工作油压operating oil pressure工作油压上upper /lower limit of operating oil pressure功率（表）power （meter ）工况operating condition固定导叶stay vane固定盘fixed plate贯流式水轮tubular turbine工程竣工图completion drawing规范Specification盖形螺母cap nut钢steel钢垫steel liners钢背复合自steel backing composite self-lubricating material 管路部分pipe section混流式水轮Francis turbine蝴蝶阀butterfly valve缓冲装置damping device缓冲器dashpot缓冲装置时time constant of damping device电气缓冲electrical damper焊接welding后盖板back cover回油箱oil sump tank接力器servomotor接力器行程servomotorst roke接力器最短minimum servomoter closing time机坑里衬pit liner接管connecting pipe径向力radial force机械效率mechanical efficiency绝对压力absolute pressure加权平均水weighted average head净水头net head进水管water inlet进人门mandoor检修密封stand still seal剪断销shear pin基础环foundation ring机组unit技术设计technical design机械液压调mechanical hydraulic governor 截止阀globe valve减压板decompression plate接地栓grounding spigot静态特性static characteristic加速时间常derivative time constant可调式水力regulated hydraulic machinery 可调油轴承adjustable oil bearing控制环regulating ring抗磨板facing plates抗磨滑块wear slider block空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空化系数cavitation factor开关保险丝switch-fuse空气开关air-operated switch扩大初步设enlarging preliminary design 开度限制机opening limit mechanism空载no-load可控硅SCR开槽圆柱头slotted pan head screw漏油箱leak oil tank流量discharge力特性force character临界空化系critical cavitation factor联轴螺栓couping bolt连杆link连杆装配link assembly立式机组vertical unit励磁屏excitation screen螺母nut连板铜套copper cover with plate六角薄螺母hexagon thin nut六角头螺栓hexagon headed bolt螺尾锥销nut tail cone pin螺旋扣turnbuckle（尾水管）the drag hook of （tail water）拉环suspension link拉板pulling plate连接法兰coupling flange埋入部件embedded component摩擦装置friction device毛水头gross head目录list明细表order sheet灭磁de-excitation面板panel密封环sealing ring内螺纹旋塞internal-thread plug valve内接头internal-thread connecting tubeO型密封圈平板蝶阀biplane butterfly valve through flow butterfly valve平键key旁通阀by-pass valve盘形阀mushroom valve ，hollow-cone valve ，howell-Bunger valve 配压阀distributing valve排至集水井lead the water into the collector well排水孔drain hole排水管drain pipe排水阀座pedestal of draw off valve平垫圈plat washer偏心销eccentric pin爬梯ladder驱动器driver球阀rotary valve ball valve spherical valve起励initial excitation前盖板front cover全贯流式水straight flow turbine，rim-generator unit软启动器soft-starter热敏开关thermo switch死区dead band甩负荷load rejection手动运行manual operation事故低油压tripping oil pressure双漏油器double oil-filter双调整调速double regulating governor水力矩hydraulic torque水流惯性时water interia time constant水推力hydraulic thrust水封压板seal pressure plate射流入射角jet inclined angle射流直径jet diameter水轮发电机hydroelectric generating set水锤water hammer水封装配seal water assembly水力机械hydraulic machinery水导轴承装assembly of the bush of water flowing diversion bearing式中type in输入功率input power输出功率power output梳齿密封座comb-tooth-type Seal block（upper/ below） comb-tooth ring（下/上）梳设计水头design head速度水头elocity head受油器oil head上冠crown双击式水轮double-flow turbine cross-flow turbine施工图设计construction design设计规范design specification示意图Diagrammatic sketch施工图Working drawing说明书Instruction book水斗式水轮Pelton turbine scoop turbine双击式水轮cross-flow turbine受油器oil head输入（输出input （output ）power水力的hydraulic水力机械hydraulic machinery水电站hydropower station双头螺柱stud三通旋塞three way cock竖井贯流式pit turbine通流式调速through flow type governor推拉杆push and pull rod调速轴regulating shaft （governor shaft）调速耳座speed lug调速环铜套copper sheathing of speed ring调速机构speed institutions（regulating mechamism）调速系统governing system弹垫圈spring washer通用件standard parts铜套copper bush蜗壳spiral case蜗室剖面图section plane views蜗壳鼻端spiral case nose尾水闸门tail water sluice gate尾水管draft tube tail water piping尾水管扩散draft tube outlet part尾水管支墩draft tube pier尾水管里衬draft tube liner外购procurement卧式horizontal unit斜流式水轮inclined jet turbine diagonal turbine斜流转桨式Deriaz turbine斜流定桨式fixed blade of Deriaz turbine下环band下游最低尾minimum tail-water level泄水锥runner cone discharge cone 协连装置combination device相序采样phase sequence sampling橡胶条rubber橡胶轴承rubber bearing橡胶圈rubber ring橡胶管rubber pipe选用select旋塞阀plug valve旋转方向direction of rotation相似工况similar operating condition 协联工况combined condition现场焊缝field welding压力罐式调governor with pressure tank 压盖gland油压装置oil pressure supply unit油箱座tank block油箱tank引导阀pilot distributing valve引水室flume叶片blade叶片枢轴runner blade trunnion叶轮impeller圆柱销cylindrical pin圆锥销taper pin压板pressure plate预埋至机坑embedded into foundation pit 永态转差系permanent speed droop一期混泥土First Concrete一件 a piece of（水轮机）（turbine ）performance curve 整体设计overall design总图general drawing总装图general installation drawing 装配图assembly drawing组合件assemblies组画Section drawing主视图top view主图Master plane闸阀gate valve止回阀check valve轴流式水轮axial turbine轴流转桨式Kaplan turbine轴流调桨式Thoma turbine轴流定桨式Propeller turbine真空破坏阀vacuum break valve座环stay ring锥形尾水管conical draft tube肘形尾水管elbow draft tube肘型管elbow转动部件rotating component转轮runner止漏环wearing ring轴套shaft sleeve轴领guide bearing collar轴瓦guide bearing shoe轴承体guide bearing housing轴承座bearing support轴承架bearing retainer转轮室runner chamber支持盖inner head cover支撑环support ring支墩buttress dam转轮体runner hub转叶机构mechanism of runner blade转轮叶片接runner blade servomotor最大（最小maximum （minimum ） head中间接力器pilots ervomotor中间轴承the middle bearing主配压阀中meutral position of main distributing vavle主阀main valve整流回路rectification circuit最低尾水位min tail water level锥管段cone主轴密封mail shaft seal暂态转差系temporary speed droop止推垫片stopping shim装配assembly罩子cover直锥尾水管straight tap直通旋塞straight through type cock针形阀needle valve组焊件assembly and welding part导轴承guide bearing（水轮机）（turbine ）efficiency hill diagram ，combined characteristic curve 最优比转速optimum specific speed专用工具special tool位置水头potential head压力水头pressure head速度水头velocity head总水头head毛水头gross head 净水头net head额定水头rated head 设计水头design head。